[[Jakarta_Enterprise_Beans_Database_Persistent_Timers]]
= Jakarta Enterprise Beans 3 Database Persistent Timers

ifdef::env-github[]
:tip-caption: :bulb:
:note-caption: :information_source:
:important-caption: :heavy_exclamation_mark:
:caution-caption: :fire:
:warning-caption: :warning:
endif::[]

[abstract]

WildFly now supports persistent timers backed by a shared database. High-availability
support is provided through the database, and as a result it is not
intended to be a super high performance solution that supports thousands
of timers going off a second, however properly tuned it should provide
sufficient performance for most use cases.

[WARNING]

Note that for this to work correctly the underlying database must
support the READ_COMMITTED or SERIALIZABLE isolation mode and the
datasource must be configured accordingly

== Setup

In order to use clustered timers it is necessary to add a database
backed timer store. This can be done from the CLI with the following
command:

[source,options="nowrap"]
----
/subsystem=ejb3/service=timer-service/database-data-store=my-clustered-store:add(allow-execution=true, datasource-jndi-name="java:/MyDatasource", refresh-interval=60000, database=postgresql, partition=mypartition)
----

An explanation of the parameters is below:

* *allow-execution* - If this node is allowed to execute timers. If this
is false then timers added on this node will be added to the database
for another node to execute. This allows you to limit timer execution to
a few nodes in a cluster, which can greatly reduce database load for
large clusters.
* *datasource-jndi-name* - The datasource to use
* *refresh-interval* - The refresh interval in milliseconds. This is the
period of time that must elapse before this node will check the database
for new timers added by other nodes. A smaller value means that timers
will be picked up more quickly, however it will result in more load on
the database. This is most important to tune if you are adding timers
that will expire quickly. If the node that added the timer cannot
execute it (e.g. because it has failed or because allow-execution is
false), this timer may not be executed until a node has refreshed.
* *database* - Define the type of database that is in use. Some SQL
statements are customised by database, and this tells the data store
which version of the SQL to use. +
Without this attribute the server try to detected the type
automatically, current supported types are _postgresql, mysql, oracle,
db2, hsql_ and _h2_. +
Note that this SQL resides in the file
_modules/system/layers/base/org/jboss/as/ejb3/main/timers/timer-sql.properties_ +
And as such is it possible to modify the SQL that is executed or add
support for new databases by adding new DB specific SQL to this file (if
you do add support for a new database it would be greatly appreciated if
you could contribute the SQL back to the project).

* *partition* - A node will only see timers from other nodes that have
the same partition name. This allows you to break a large cluster up
into several smaller clusters, which should improve performance. e.g.
instead of having a cluster of 100 nodes, where all hundred are trying
to execute and refresh the same timers, you can create 20 clusters of 5
nodes by giving ever group of 5 a different partition name.

[[non-clustered-timers]]
=== Non clustered timers

Note that you can still use the database data store for non-clustered
timers, in which case set the refresh interval to zero and make sure
that every node has a unique partition name (or uses a different
database).

[[using-clustered-timers-in-a-deployment]]
== Using clustered timers in a deployment

It is possible to use the data store as default for all applications by
changing the default-data-store within the ejb3 subsystem:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
    <timer-service thread-pool-name="timer" default-data-store="clustered-store">
        <data-stores>
            <database-data-store name="clustered-store" datasource-jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/ExampleDS" partition="timer"/>
        </data-stores>
    </timer-service>
----

Another option is to use a separate data store for specific
applications, all that is required is to set the timer data store name
in jboss-ejb3.xml:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<?xml version="1.1" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jboss:ejb-jar xmlns:jboss="http://www.jboss.com/xml/ns/javaee"
               xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:timer="urn:timer-service:1.0"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.jboss.com/xml/ns/javaee http://www.jboss.org/j2ee/schema/jboss-ejb3-2_0.xsd
                     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/ejb-jar_3_1.xsd"
               version="3.1"
               impl-version="2.0">
    <assembly-descriptor>
            <timer:timer>
                <ejb-name>*</ejb-name>
                <timer:persistence-store-name>my-clustered-store</timer:persistence-store-name>
            </timer:timer>
        </assembly-descriptor>
</jboss:ejb-jar>
----

[[programmatically-refresh-timer]]
== Programmatically Refresh Timer

In a clustered deployment, multiple nodes updating timer datastore may cause the in-memory timer state to be temporarily
out of sync. Some application may find the `refresh-interval` configuration not sufficient in some cases, and
need to programmatically refresh timers. This can be done with Jakarta Interceptors configured for those business methods
that need this capability, as illustrated in the following steps:

* Implement an Jakarta Interceptors that enables `wildfly.ejb.timer.refresh.enabled` to true. For example,

[source,java,options="nowrap"]
----
import jakarta.interceptor.AroundInvoke;
import jakarta.interceptor.Interceptor;
import jakarta.interceptor.InvocationContext;

/**
 * An interceptor to enable programmatic timer refresh across multiple nodes.
 */
@Interceptor
public class RefreshInterceptor {
    @AroundInvoke
    public Object intercept(InvocationContext context) throws Exception {
        context.getContextData().put("wildfly.ejb.timer.refresh.enabled", Boolean.TRUE);
        return context.proceed();
    }
}
----

* Configure the Jakarta Interceptors to the target stateless or singleton bean business methods.
When `wildfly.ejb.timer.refresh.enabled` is set to true, calling `TimerService.getAllTimers()`
will first refresh from timer datastore before returning timers. For example,

[source,java,options="nowrap"]
----
@Singleton
public class RefreshBean1 ... {

    @Interceptors(RefreshInterceptor.class)
    public void businessMethod1() {
        ...
        // since wildfly.ejb.timer.refresh.enabled is set to true in interceptor for this business method,
        // calling timerService.getAllTimers() will first refresh from timer datastore before returning timers.
        final Collection<Timer> allTimers = timerService.getAllTimers();
        ...
    }
}
----

* Applications may configure such an interceptor to certain business methods that require this capability.
Alternatively, applications may implement a dedicated business method to programmatically refresh timers, to
be invoked by other parts of the application when needed. For example,

[source,java,options="nowrap"]
----
    @Interceptors(RefreshInterceptor.class)
    public List<Timer> getAllTimerInfoWithRefresh() {
        return timerService.getAllTimers();
    }

    public void businessMethod1() {
        final LocalBusinessInterface businessObject = sessionContext.getBusinessObject(LocalBusinessInterface.class);
        businessObject.getAllTimerInfoWithRefresh();

        // timer has been programmatically refreshed from datastore.
        // continue with other business logic...
    }
----

[[technical-details]]
== Technical details

Internally every node that is allowed to execute timers schedules a
timeout for every timer is knows about. When this timeout expires then
this node attempts to 'lock' the timer, by updating its state to
running. The query this executes looks like:

[source,options="nowrap"]
----
UPDATE JBOSS_EJB_TIMER SET TIMER_STATE=? WHERE ID=? AND TIMER_STATE<>? AND NEXT_DATE=?;
----

Due to the use of a transaction and READ_COMMITTED or SERIALIZABLE
isolation mode only one node will succeed in updating the row, and this
is the node that the timer will run on.
