# Upgrading to Infinispan 10.0

The Infinispan community

This guide walks you through the process of upgrading Infinispan.

## 1. Upgrading from 9.4 to 10.0

### 1.1. The JDBC PooledConnectionFactory now utilises Agroal

Previously the JDBC PooledConnectionFactory provided c3p0 and HikariCP based connection pools. From 10.0 we only provide a PooledConnectionFactory based upon the Agroal project. This means that it is no longer possible to utilise `c3p0.properties` and `hikari.properties` files to configure the pool, instead an agroal compatiblet properties file can be provided. See Connection Management for more details.

### 1.2. RemoteCache Changes

#### 1.2.1. The getBulk methods have been removed

The getBulk method is an expensive method as it requires holding all keys in memory at once and requires a possibly very single result to populate it. The new retrieveEntries, entrySet, keySet and values methods handle this in a much more efficient way. Therefore the getBulk methods have been removed in favor of them.

### 1.3. Persistence changes

- The CLI loader (`infinispan-persistence-cli`) has been removed.

- The LevelDB store (`infinispan-cachestore-leveldb`) has been removed. Use the RocksDB store instead, as it is fully backwards compatible.

### 1.4. Client/Server changes

- The Hot Rod client and server only support protocol versions 2.0 and higher. Support for Hot Rod versions 1.0 to 1.3 has been dropped.

## 2. Upgrading from 9.3 to 9.4

### 2.1. Client/Server changes

#### 2.1.1. Compatibility mode deprecation

Compatibility mode has been deprecated and will be removed in the next Infinispan version.

To use a cache from multiple endpoints, it is recommended to store data in binary format and to configure the MediaType for keys and values. See Embedded/Remote Interoperability for more information.

If storing data as unmarshalled objects is still desired, the equivalent of compatibility mode is to configure keys and values to store object content:

    <encoding>
       <key media-type="application/x-java-object"/>
       <value media-type="application/x-java-object"/>
    </encoding>

#### 2.1.2. Memcached storage

For better interoperability between endpoints, the Memcached server no longer stores keys as `java.lang.String`, but as UTF-8 `byte[]`.

If using memcached, it’s recommended to run a rolling upgrade from 9.3 to store data in the new format, or reload the data in the cache.

#### 2.1.3. Scripts Response

Distributed scripts with text-based data type no longer return `null` when the result from each server is null. The response is now a JSON array with each individual result, e.g. `"[null, null]"`

#### 2.1.4. WebSocket endpoint removal

The WebSocket endpoint has been unmaintained for several years. It has been removed.

#### 2.1.5. Hot Rod client connection pool properties

Since the Hot Rod client was overhauled in 9.2, the way the connection pool configuration is handled has changed. Infinispan 9.4 introduces a new naming scheme for the connection pool properties which deprecates the old commons-pool names. For a complete reference of the available configuration options for the properties file please refer to remote client configuration javadoc.

#### 2.1.6. Server thread pools

The threads that handle the child Netty event loops have been renamed from *-ServerWorker to *-ServerIO

### 2.2. Persistence Changes

#### 2.2.1. Shared and Passivation

A store cannot be configured as both shared and having passivation enabled. Doing so can cause data inconsistencies as there is no way to synchronize data between all the various nodes. As such this configuration will now cause a startup exception. Please update your configuration as appropriate.

### 2.3. Query changes

#### 2.3.1. AffinityIndexManager

The default number of shards is down to `4`, it was previously equals to the number of segments in the cache.

## 3. Upgrading from 9.2 to 9.3

### 3.1. AdvancedCacheLoader changes

The AdvancedCacheLoader SPI has been enhanced to provide an alternative method to process and instead allows reactive streams based publishKeys and publishEntries methods which provide benefits in performance, threading and ease of use. Note this change will only affect you if you wish take advantage of it in any custom CacheLoaders you may have implemented.

### 3.2. Partition Handling Configuration

In 9.3 the default MergePolicy is now MergePolicy.NONE, opposed to MergePolicy.PREFERRED_ALWAYS. See here for a detailed description of the different merge policies.

### 3.3. Stat Changes

We have reverted the stat changes introduced in 9.1, so average values for read, write and removals are once again returned as milliseconds.

### 3.4. Event log changes

Several new event log messages have been added, and one message has been removed (ISPN100013).

### 3.5. Max Idle Expiration Changes

The max idle entry expiration information is sent between owners in the cluster. However when an entry expires via max idle on a given node, this was not replicated (only removing it locally). Max idle has been enhanced to now expire an entry across the entire cluster, instead of per node. This includes ensuring that max idle expiration is applied across all owners (meaning if another node has accessed the entry within the given time it will prevent that entry from expiring on other nodes that didn’t have an access).

Max idle in a transactional clustered cache does not remove expired entries on access (although it will not be returned). These entries are only removed via the expiration reaper.

Iteration in a clustered cache will still show entries that are expired via maxIdle to ensure good performance, but could be removed at any point due to expiration reaper.

### 3.6. Wildfly Modules

The Infinispan Wildfly modules are now located in the `system/add-ons/ispn` dir as per the Wildfly module conventions.

### 3.7. Deserialization Whitelist

Deserialization of content sent by clients to the server are no longer allowed by default. This applies to JSON, XML, and marshalled byte[] that, depending on the cache configuration, will cause the server to convert it to Java Objects either to store it or to perform any operation that cannot be done on a byte[] directly.

The deserialization needs to be enabled using system properties, ether by class name or regular expressions:

    // Comma separated list of fully qualified class names
    -Dinfinispan.deserialization.whitelist.classes=java.time.Instant,com.myclass.Entity

    // Regex expression
    -Dinfinispan.deserialization.whitelist.regexps=.*

## 4. Upgrading from 9.0 to 9.1

### 4.1. Kubernetes Ping changes

The latest version of Kubernetes Ping uses unified environmental variables for both Kubernetes and OpenShift. Some of them were shortened for example `OPENSHIFT_KUBE_PING_NAMESPACE` was changed to `KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE`. Please refer to Kubernetes Ping documentation.

### 4.2. Stat Changes

Average values for read, write and removals are now returned in Nanoseconds, opposed to Milliseconds.

### 4.3. (FineGrained)AtomicMap reimplemented

Infinispan now contains a new implementation of both `AtomicMap` and `FineGrainedAtomicMap`, but the semantics has been preserved. The new implementation does not use `DeltaAware` interface but the Functional API instead.

There are no changes needed for `AtomicMap`, but it now supports non-transactional use case as well.

`FineGrainedAtomicMap` now uses the Grouping API and therefore you need to enable groups in configuration. Also it holds entries as regular cache entries, plus one cache entry for cached key set (the map itself). Therefore the cache size or iteration/streaming results may differ. Note that fine grained atomic maps are still supported on transactional caches only.

### 4.4. RemoteCache keySet/entrySet/values

RemoteCache now implements all of the collection backed methods from `Map` interface. Previously `keySet` was implemented, however it was a deep copy. This has now changed and it is a backing set. That is that the set retrieves the updated values on each invocation or updates to the backing remote cache for writes. The entrySet and values methods are also now supported as backing variants as well.

If you wish to have a copy like was provided before it is recommended to copy the contents into a in memory local set such as

    Set<K> keysCopy = remoteCache.keySet().stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());

### 4.5. DeltaAware deprecated

Interfaces `DeltaAware`, `Delta` and `CopyableDeltaAware` have been deprecated. Method `AdvancedCache.applyDelta()` has been deprecated and the implementation does not allow custom set of locked keys. `ApplyDeltaCommand` and its uses in interceptor stack are deprecated.

Any partial updates to an entry should be replaced using the Functional API.

### 4.6. Infinispan Query Configuration

The configuration property `directory_provider` now accepts a new value `local-heap`. This value replaces the now deprecated `ram`, and as its predecessor will cause the index to be stored in a `org.apache.lucene.store.RAMDirectory`.

The configuration value `ram` is still accepted and will have the same effect, but failing to replace `ram` with `local-heap` will cause a warning to be logged. We suggest to perform this replacement, as the `ram` value will no longer be recognised by Infinispan in a future version.

This change was made as the team believes the `local-heap` name better expresses the storage model, especially as this storage method will not allow real-time replication of the index across multiple nodes. This index storage option is mostly useful for single node integration testing of the query functionality.

### 4.7. Store Batch Size Changes

TableManipulation::batchSize and JpaStoreConfiguration::batchSize have been deprecated and replaced by the higher level AbstractStoreConfiguration::maxBatchSize.

### 4.8. Partition Handling changes

In Infinispan 9.1 partition handling has been improved to allow for automatic conflict resolution on partition merges. Consequently, PartitionHandlingConfiguration::enabled has been deprecated in favour of PartitionHandlingConfiguration::whenSplit. Configuring whenSplit to the DENY_READ_WRITES strategy is equivalent to setting enabled to true, whilst specifying ALLOW_READ_WRITES is equivalent to disabling partition handling (default).

Furthermore, during a partition merge with ALLOW_READ_WRITES, the default EntryMergePolicy is MergePolicies.PREFERRED_ALWAYS which provides a deterministic way of tie-breaking CacheEntry conflicts. If you require the old behaviour, simply set the merge-policy to null.

## 5. Upgrading from 8.x to 9.0

### 5.1. Default transaction mode changed

The default configuration for transactional caches changed from `READ_COMMITTED` and `OPTIMISTIC` locking to `REPEATABLE_READ` and `OPTIMISTIC` locking with `write-skew` enabled.

Also, using the `REPEATABLE_READ` isolation level and `OPTIMISTIC` locking without `write-skew` enabled is no longer allowed. To help with the upgrade, `write-skew` will be automatically enabled in this case.

The following configuration has been deprecated:

- `write-skew`: as said, it is automatically enabled.

- `<versioning>` and its attributes. It is automatically enabled and configured when needed.

### 5.2. Removed eagerLocking and eagerLockingSingleNode configuration settings

Both were deprecated since version 5.1. `eagerLocking(true)` can be replaced with `lockingMode(LockingMode.PESSIMISTIC)`, and `eagerLockingSingleNode()` does not need a replacement because it was a no-op.

### 5.3. Removed async transaction support

Asynchronous mode is no longer supported in transactional caches and it will automatically use the synchronous cache mode. In addition, the second phase of a transaction commit is done synchronously. The following methods (and related) are deprecated:

- `TransactionConfigurationBuilder.syncCommitPhase(boolean)`

- `TransactionConfigurationBuilder.syncRollbackPhase(boolean)`

### 5.4. Deprecated all the dummy related transaction classes.

The following classes have been deprecated and they will be removed in the future:

- `DummyBaseTransactionManager`: replaced by `EmbeddedBasedTransactionManager`;

- `DummyNoXaXid` and `DummyXid`: replaced by `EmbeddedXid`;

- `DummyTransaction`: replaced by `EmbeddedTransaction`;

- `DummyTransactionManager`: replaced by `EmbeddedTransactionManager`;

- `DummyTransactionManagerLookup` and `RecoveryDummyTransactionManagerLookup`: replaced by `EmbeddedTransactionManagerLookup`;

- `DummyUserTransaction`: replaced by `EmbeddedUserTransaction`;

### 5.5. Clustering configuration changes

The `mode` attribute in the XML declaration of clustered caches is no longer mandatory. It defaults to SYNC.

### 5.6. Default Cache changes

Up to Infinispan 8.x, the default cache always implicitly existed, even if not declared in the XML configuration. Additionally, the default cache configuration affected all other cache configurations, acting as some kind of base template. Since 9.0, the default cache only exists if it has been explicitly configured. Additionally, even if it has been specified, it will never act as base template for other caches.

### 5.7. Marshalling Enhancements and Store Compatibility

Internally Infinispan 9.x has introduced many improvements to its marshalling codebase in order to improve performance and allow for greater flexibility. Consequently, data marshalled and persisted by Infinispan 8.x is no longer compatible with Infinispan 9.0. To aid you in migrating your existing stores to 9.0, we have provided a Store Migrator, however at present this only allows the migration of JDBC stores.

### 5.8. New Cloud module for library mode

In Infinispan 8.x, cloud related configuration were added to `infinispan-core` module. Since 9.0 they were moved to `infinispan-cloud` module.

### 5.9. Entry Retriever is now removed

The entry retriever feature has been removed. Please update to use the new Streams feature detailed in the User Guide. The `org.infinispan.filter.CacheFilters` class can be used to convert `KeyValueFilter` and `Converter` instances into proper Stream operations that are able to be marshalled.

### 5.10. Map / Reduce is now removed

Map reduce has been removed in favor of the new Streams feature which should provide more features and performance. There are no bridge classes to convert to the new streams and all references must be rewritten.

### 5.11. Spring 4 support is now removed

Spring 4 is no longer supported.

### 5.12. Function classes have moved packages

The class `SerializableSupplier` has moved from the `org.infinispan.stream` package to the `org.infinispan.util.function` package.

The class `CloseableSupplier` has moved from the `org.infinispan.util` package to the `org.infinispan.util.function` package.

The classes `TriConsumer`, `CloseableSupplier`, `SerializableRunnable`, `SerializableFunction` & `SerializableCallable` have all been moved from the `org.infinispan.util` package to the `org.infinispan.util.function` package.

### 5.13. SegmentCompletionListener interface has moved

The interface `SegmentCompletionListener` has moved from the interface `org.infinispan.CacheStream` to the new `org.infinispan.BaseCacheStream`.

### 5.14. Spring module dependency changes

All Infinispan, Spring and Logger dependencies are now in the `provided` scope. One can decide whether to use small jars or uber jars but they need to be added to the classpath of the application. It also gives one freedom in choosing Spring (or Spring Boot) version.

Here is an example:

    <dependencies>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.infinispan</groupId>
          <artifactId>infinispan-embedded</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.infinispan</groupId>
          <artifactId>infinispan-spring5-embedded</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-session</artifactId>
       </dependency>
    </dependencies>

Additionally there is no Logger implementation specified (since this may vary depending on use case).

### 5.15. Total order executor is now removed

The total order protocol now uses the `remote-command-executor`. The attribute `total-order-executor` in `<container>` tag is removed.

### 5.16. HikariCP is now the default implementation for JDBC PooledConnectionFactory

HikariCP offers superior performance to c3p0 and is now the default implementation. Additional properties for HikariCP can be provided by placing a `hikari.properties` file on the classpath or by specifying the path to the file via `PooledConnectionFactoryConfiguration.propertyFile` or `properties-file` in the connection pool’s xml config. N.B. a properties file specified explicitly in the configuration is loaded instead of the `hikari.properties` file on the class path and Connection pool characteristics which are explicitly set in PooledConnectionFactoryConfiguration always override the values loaded from a properties file.

Support for c3p0 has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Users can force c3p0 to be utilised as before by providing the system property `-Dinfinispan.jdbc.c3p0.force=true`.

### 5.17. RocksDB in place of LevelDB

The LevelDB cache store was replaced with a RocksDB. RocksDB is a fork of LevelDB which provides superior performance in high concurrency scenarios. The new cache store can parse old LevelDB configurations but will always use the RocksDB implementation.

### 5.18. JDBC Mixed and Binary stores removed

The JDBC Mixed and Binary stores have been removed due to the poor performance associated with storing entries in buckets. Storing entries in buckets is non-optimal as each read/write to the store requires an existing bucket for a given hash to be retrieved, deserialised, updated, serialised and then re-inserted back into the db. If you were previously using one of the removed stores, we have provided a migrator tool to assist in migrating data from an existing binary table to a JDBC string based store. See JDBC Migrator Guide for more details.

### 5.19. @Store Annotation Introduced

A new annotation, `@Store`, has been added for persistence stores. This allows a store’s properties to be explicitly defined and validated against the provided store configuration. Existing stores should be updated to use this annotation and the store’s configuration class should also declare the `@ConfigurationFor` annotation. If neither of these annotations are present on the store or configuration class, then a your store will continue to function as before, albeit with a warning that additional store validation cannot be completed.

### 5.20. Server authentication changes

The no-anonymous policy is now automatically enabled for Hot Rod authentication unless explicitly specified.

### 5.21. Package org.infinispan.util.concurrent.jdk8backported has been removed

#### 5.21.1. Moved classes

Classes regarding EntrySizeCalculator have now been moved down to the org.infinispan.util package.

#### 5.21.2. Removed classes

The *ConcurrentHashMapV8 classes and their supporting classes have all been removed. The CollectionFactory#makeBoundedConcurrentMap method should be used if you desire to have a bounded ConcurrentMap.

### 5.22. Store as Binary is deprecated

Store as Binary configuration is now deprecated and will be removed in a future release. This is replaced by the new memory configuration.

### 5.23. DataContainer collection methods are deprecated

The keySet, entrySet and values methods on DataContainer have been deprecated. These behavior of these methods are very inconsistent and will be removed later. It is recommended to update references to use iterator or iteratorIncludingExpired methods intead.

## 6. Upgrading from 8.1 to 8.2

### 6.1. Entry Retriever is deprecated

Entry Retriever is now deprecated and will be removed in Infinispan 9. This is replaced by the new Streams feature.

### 6.2. Map / Reduce is deprecated

Map reduce is now deprecated and will be removed in Infinispan 9. This is replaced by the new Streams feature.

## 7. Upgrading from 8.x to 8.1

### 7.1. Packaging changes

#### 7.1.1. CDI module split

CDI module (GroupId:ArtifactId `org.infinispan:infinispan-cdi`) has been split into `org.infinispan:infinispan-cdi-embedded` and `org.infinispan:infinispan-cdi-remote`. Please make sure that you use proper artifact.

#### 7.1.2. Spring module split

Spring module (GroupId:ArtifactId `org.infinispan:infinispan-spring5`) has been split into `org.infinispan:infinispan-spring5-embedded` and `org.infinispan:infinispan-spring5-remote`. Please make sure that you use proper artifact.

### 7.2. Spring 3 support is deprecated

Spring 3 support (GroupId:ArtifactId `org.infinispan:infinispan-spring`) is deprecated. Please consider migrating into Spring 4 support.

## 8. Upgrading from 7.x to 8.0

### 8.1. Configuration changes

#### 8.1.1. Removal of Async Marshalling

Async marshalling has been entirely dropped since it was never reliable enough. The "async-marshalling" attribute has been removed from the 8.0 XML schema and will be ignored when parsing 7.x configuration files. The programmatic configuration methods related to asyncMarshalling/syncMarshalling are now deprecated and have no effect aside from producing a WARN message in the logs.

#### 8.1.2. Reenabling of isolation level configurations in server

Because of the inability to configure write skew in the server, the isolation level attribute was ignored and defaulted to READ_COMMITTED. Now, when enabling REPEATABLE_READ together with optimistic locking, write skew is enabled by default in local and synchronous configurations.

#### 8.1.3. Subsystem renaming in server

In order to avoid conflict and confusion with the similar subsystems in WildFly, we have renamed the following subsystems in server: * infinispan → datagrid-infinispan * jgroups → datagrid-jgroups * endpoint → datagrid-infinispan-endpoint

#### 8.1.4. Server domain mode

We no longer support the use of standalone mode for running clusters of servers. Domain mode (bin/domain.sh) should be used instead.

## 9. Upgrading from 6.0 to 7.0

### 9.1. API Changes

#### 9.1.1. Cache Loader

To be more inline with JCache and java.util.collections interfaces we have changed the first argument type for the CacheLoader.load & CacheLoader.contains methods to be Object from type K.

#### 9.1.2. Cache Writer

To be more inline with JCache and java.util.collections interfaces we have changed the first argument type for the CacheWriter.delete method to be Object from type K.

#### 9.1.3. Filters

Over time Infinispan added 2 interfaces with identical names and almost identical methods. The org.infinispan.notifications.KeyFilter and org.infinispan.persistence.spi.AdvancedCacheLoader$KeyFilter interfaces.

Both of these interfaces are used for the sole purpose of filtering an entry by it’s given key. Infinispan 7.0 has also introduced the KeyValueFilter which is similar to both but also can filter on the entries value and/or metadata.

As such all of these classes have been moved into a new package org.infinispan.filter and all of their related helper classes.

The new org.infinispan.filter.KeyFilter interface has replaced both of the previous interfaces and all previous references use the new interface.

### 9.2. Declarative configuration

The XML schema for the embedded configuration has changed to more closely follow the server configuration. Use the `config-converter.sh` or `config-converter.bat` scripts to convert an Infinispan 6.0 to the current format.

## 10. Upgrading from 5.3 to 6.0

### 10.1. Declarative configuration

In order to use all of the latest features, make sure you change the namespace declaration at the top of your XML configuration files as follows:

    <infinispan xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:infinispan:config:6.0 http://www.infinispan.org/schemas/infinispan-config-6.0.xsd" xmlns="urn:infinispan:config:6.0">
       ...
    </infinispan>

### 10.2. Deprecated API removal

- Class `org.infinispan.persistence.remote.wrapperEntryWrapper`.

- Method `ObjectOutput startObjectOutput(OutputStream os, boolean isReentrant)` from class `org.infinispan.commons.marshall.StreamingMarshaller`.

- Method `CacheEntry getCacheEntry(Object key, EnumSet<Flag> explicitFlags, ClassLoader explicitClassLoader)` from class `org.infinispan.AdvancedCache`. Please use instead: `AdvanceCache.withFlags(Flag…​ flags).with(ClassLoader classLoader).getCacheEntry(K key)`.

- Method `AtomicMap<K, V> getAtomicMap(Cache<MK, ?> cache, MK key, FlagContainer flagContainer)` from class `org.infinispan.atomic.AtomicMapLookup`. Please use instead `AtomicMapLookup.getAtomicMap(cache.getAdvancedCache().withFlags(Flag…​ flags), MK key)`.

- Package `org.infinispan.config` (and all methods involving the old configuration classes). All methods removed has an overloaded method which receives the new configuration classes as parameters. Please refer to [_configuration] for more information about the new configuration classes.

| This only affects the programmatic configuration.

- Class `org.infinispan.context.FlagContainer`.

- Method `boolean isLocal(Object key)` from class `org.infinispan.distribution.DistributionManager`. Please use instead `DistributionManager.getLocality(Object key)`.

- JMX operation `void setStatisticsEnabled(boolean enabled)` from class `org.infinispan.interceptors.TxInterceptor` Please use instead the `statisticsEnabled` attribute.

- Method `boolean delete(boolean synchronous)` from class `org.infinispan.io.GridFile`. Please use instead `GridFile.delete()`.

- JMX attribute `long getLocallyInterruptedTransactions()` from class `org.infinispan.util.concurrent.locks.DeadlockDetectingLockManager`.

## 11. Upgrading from 5.2 to 5.3

### 11.1. Declarative configuration

In order to use all of the latest features, make sure you change the namespace declaration at the top of your XML configuration files as follows:

    <infinispan xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:infinispan:config:5.2 http://www.infinispan.org/schemas/infinispan-config-5.2.xsd" xmlns="urn:infinispan:config:5.3">
       ...
    </infinispan>

## 12. Upgrading from 5.1 to 5.2

### 12.1. Declarative configuration

In order to use all of the latest features, make sure you change the namespace declaration at the top of your XML configuration files as follows:

    <infinispan xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:infinispan:config:5.2 http://www.infinispan.org/schemas/infinispan-config-5.2.xsd" xmlns="urn:infinispan:config:5.2">
       ...
    </infinispan>

### 12.2. Transaction

The default transaction enlistment model has changed ( ISPN-1284 ) from `XAResource` to `Synchronization`. Also now, if the `XAResource` enlistment is used, then recovery is enabled by default.

In practical terms, if you were using the default values, this should not cause any backward compatibility issues but an increase in performance of about 5-7%. However in order to use the old configuration defaults, you need to configure the following:

    <transaction useSynchronization="false">
       <recovery enabled="false"/>
    </transaction>

or the programmatic configuration equivalent:

    ConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
    builder.transaction().useSynchronization(false).recovery().enabled(false)

### 12.3. Cache Loader and Store configuration

Cache Loader and Store configuration has changed greatly in Infinispan 5.2. Please refer to the Cache Loaders and Stores documentation.

### 12.4. Virtual Nodes and Segments

The concept of Virtual Nodes doesn’t exist anymore in Infinispan 5.2 and has been replaced by Segments. Please refer to the Clustering modes documentation for details.

## 13. Upgrading from 5.0 to 5.1

### 13.1. API

The cache and cache manager hierarchies have changed slightly in 5.1 with the introduction of `BasicCache` and `BasicCacheContainer` , which are parent classes of existing `Cache` and `CacheContainer` classes respectively. What’s important is that Hot Rod clients must now code against `BasicCache` and `BasicCacheContainer` rather than `Cache` and `CacheContainer`. So previous code that was written like this will no longer compile.

WontCompile.java

    import org.infinispan.Cache;
    import org.infinispan.manager.CacheContainer;
    import org.infinispan.client.hotrod.RemoteCacheManager;
    ...
    CacheContainer cacheContainer = new RemoteCacheManager();
    Cache cache = cacheContainer.getCache();

Instead, if Hot Rod clients want to continue using interfaces higher up the hierarchy from the remote cache/container classes, they’ll have to write:

Correct.java

    import org.infinispan.BasicCache;
    import org.infinispan.manager.BasicCacheContainer;
    import org.infinispan.client.hotrod.RemoteCacheManager;
    ...
    BasicCacheContainer cacheContainer = new RemoteCacheManager();
    BasicCache cache = cacheContainer.getCache();

However, previous code that interacted against the `RemoteCache` and `RemoteCacheManager` will work as it used to:

AlsoCorrect.java

    import org.infinispan.client.hotrod.RemoteCache;
    import org.infinispan.client.hotrod.RemoteCacheManager;
    ...
    RemoteCacheManager cacheContainer = new RemoteCacheManager();
    RemoteCache cache = cacheContainer.getCache();

### 13.2. Eviction and Expiration

- The eviction XML element no longer defines the `wakeUpInterval` attribute. This is now configured via the `expiration` element:

    <expiration wakeUpInterval="60000"... />

Eviction’s `maxEntries` is used as guide for the entire cache, but eviction happens on a per cache segment, so when the segment is full, the segment is evicted. That’s why `maxEntries` is a theoretical limit but in practical terms, it’ll be a bit less than that. This is done for performance reasons.

### 13.3. Transactions

- A cache marked as `TRANSACTIONAL` cannot be accessed outside of a transaction, and a `NON_TRANSACTIONAL` cache cannot be accessed within a transaction. In 5.0, a transactional cache would support non-transactional calls as well. This change was done to be in-line with expectations set out in JSR-107 as well as to provide more consistent behavior.

- In 5.0, commit and rollback phases were asynchronous by default. Starting with 5.1, these are now synchronous by default, to provide the guarantees required by a single lock-owner model.

### 13.4. State transfer

One of the big changes we made in 5.1 was to use the same push-based state transfer we introduced in 5.0 both for rehashing in distributed mode and for state retrieval in replicated mode. We even borrow the consistent hash concept in replicated mode to transfer state from all previous cache members at once in order to speed up transfer.

As a consequence we’ve unified the state transfer configuration as well, there is now a `stateTransfer` element containing a simplified state transfer configuration. The corresponding attributes in the `stateRetrieval` and `hash` elements have been deprecated, as have been some attributes that are no longer used.

### 13.5. Configuration

If you use XML to configure Infinispan, you shouldn’t notice any change, except a much faster startup, courtesy of the StAX based parser. However, if you use programmatic configuration, read on for the important differences.

Configuration is now packaged in `org.infinispan.configuration`, and you must use a fluent, builder style:

    Configuration c1 = new ConfigurationBuilder()
       // Adjust any configuration defaults you want
       .clustering()
          .l1()
             .disable()
          .mode(DIST_SYNC)
          .hash()
             .numOwners(5)
       .build();

- The old javabean style configuration is now deprecated and will be removed in a later version.

- Configuration properties which can be safely changed at runtime are mutable, and all others are immutable.

- To copy a configuration, use the `read()` method on the builder, for example:

    Configuration c2 = new ConfigurationBuilder()
       // Read in C1 to provide defaults
       .read(c1)
       .clustering()
          .l1()
             .enable()
       // This cache is DIST_SYNC, will have 5 owners, with L1 cache enabled
       .build();

This completely replaces the old system of defining a set of overrides on bean properties. Note that this means the behaviour of Infinispan configuration is somewhat different when used programmatically. Whilst before, you could define a default configuration, and any overrides would be applied on top of your defaults when defined, now you must explicitly read in your defaults to the builder. This allows for much greater flexibility in your code (you can have a as many "default" configurations as you want), and makes your code more explicit and type safe (finding references works).

The schema is unchanged from before. Infinispan 4.0 configurations are currently not being parsed. To upgrade, just change the schema definition from:

    <infinispan
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="urn:infinispan:config:4.1 http://www.infinispan.org/schemas/infinispan-config-4.1.xsd"
         xmlns="urn:infinispan:config:4.1">

to

    <infinispan
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="urn:infinispan:config:5.1 http://www.infinispan.org/schemas/infinispan-config-5.1.xsd"
         xmlns="urn:infinispan:config:5.1">

The schema documentation has changed format, as it is now produced using the standard tool `xsddoc`. This should be a significant improvement, as better navigation is offered. Some elements and attributes are missing docs right now, we are working on adding this. As an added benefit, your IDE should now show documentation when an xsd referenced (as above)

We are in the process of adding in support for this configuration style for modules (such as cache stores). In the meantime, please use the old configuration or XML if you require support for cache store module configuration.

### 13.6. Flags and ClassLoaders

The `Flags` and `ClassLoader` API has changed. In the past, the following would work:

     cache.withFlags(f1, f2); cache.withClassLoader(cl); cache.put(k, v);

In 5.1.0, these `withX()` methods return a new instance and not the cache itself, so thread locals are avoided and the code above will not work. If used in a fluent manner however, things still work:

    cache.withFlags(f1, f2).withClassLoader(cl).put(k, v);

The above pattern has always been the intention of this API anyway.

### 13.7. JGroups Bind Address

Since upgrading to JGroups 3.x, `-Dbind.address` is ignored. This should be replaced with `-Djgroups.bind_addr`.