/*
 * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source.
 * Copyright 2008, Red Hat Middleware LLC, and individual contributors
 * as indicated by the @author tags. See the copyright.txt file in the
 * distribution for a full listing of individual contributors.
 *
 * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
 * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
 */
package org.jboss.iiop.rmi.marshal;

import java.io.Externalizable;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import javax.rmi.CORBA.Util;
import javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject;
import org.omg.CORBA.portable.IDLEntity;
import org.omg.CORBA_2_3.portable.InputStream;
import org.omg.CORBA_2_3.portable.OutputStream;

import org.jboss.iiop.rmi.RmiIdlUtil;

/**
 * Utility class with static methods to:
 * <ul>
 * <li>get the <code>CDRStreamReader</code> for a given class</li>
 * <li>get the <code>CDRStreamWriter</code> for a given class</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * The <code>CDRStreamReader</code>s and <code>CDRStreamWriter</code>s
 * returned by these methods are instances of static inner classes
 * defined by <code>CDRStream</code>.
 *
 * @author  <a href="mailto:reverbel@ime.usp.br">Francisco Reverbel</a>
 * @version $Revision: 81018 $
 */
public class CDRStream 
{
   /**
    * Returns the abbreviated name of the marshaller for given 
    * <code>Class</code>.
    * 
    * <p>Abbreviated names of marshallers for basic types follow the usual 
    * Java convention:
    * <br>
    * <pre>
    *    type           abbrev name
    *    boolean           "Z"
    *    byte              "B"
    *    char              "C"
    *    double            "D"
    *    float             "F"
    *    int               "I"
    *    long              "J"
    *    short             "S"
    *    void              "V"
    * </pre>
    *
    * <p>The abbreviated names of marshallers for object types are:
    * <br>
    * <pre>
    *    java.lang.String                     "G" (strinG)
    *    RMI remote interface                 "R" + interfaceName
    *    RMI abstract interface               "A"
    *    serializable                         "E" (sErializablE)
    *    valuetype                            "L" + className
    *    externalizable                       "X" (eXternalizable)
    *    org.omg.CORBA.Object                 "M" (oMg)
    *    IDL interface                        "N" + interfaceName
    *    java.lang.Object                     "O"
    * </pre>
    *
    * <p>As an example: the abbreviated name of a marshaller for a valuetype 
    * class named <code>Foo</code> is the string <code>"LFoo"</code>.
    */
   public static String abbrevFor(Class clz) 
   {
      if (clz == Boolean.TYPE) {
         return "Z";
      }
      else if (clz == Byte.TYPE) {
         return "B";
      }
      else if (clz == Character.TYPE) {
         return "C";
      }
      else if (clz == Double.TYPE) {
         return "D";
      }
      else if (clz == Float.TYPE) {
         return "F";
      }
      else if (clz == Integer.TYPE) {
         return "I";
      }
      else if (clz == Long.TYPE) {
         return "J";
      }
      else if (clz == Short.TYPE) {
         return "S";
      }
      else if (clz == Void.TYPE) {
         return "V";
      }
      else if (clz == String.class) {
         return "G"; // strinG
      }
      else if (RmiIdlUtil.isRMIIDLRemoteInterface(clz)) {
         return "R" + clz.getName(); // Remote interface
      }
      else if (clz == org.omg.CORBA.Object.class) {
         return "M"; // oMg (CORBA Object)
      }
      else if (org.omg.CORBA.Object.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return "N" + clz.getName(); // IDL iNterface
      }
      else if (IDLEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return "L" + clz.getName(); // vaLuetype
      }
      else if (clz == Serializable.class) {
         return "E"; // sErializablE
      }
      else if (RmiIdlUtil.isAbstractInterface(clz)) {
         return "A"; // Abstract interface
      }
      else if (Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return "L" + clz.getName(); // vaLuetype
      }
      else if (Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return "X"; // eXternalizable
      }
      else if (clz == Object.class) {
         return "O"; // Object
      }
      else {
         return "L" + clz.getName(); // vaLuetype
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns a <code>CDRStreamReader</code> given an abbreviated name
    * and a <code>ClassLoader</code> for valuetype classes.
    */
   public static CDRStreamReader readerFor(String s, ClassLoader cl) 
   {
      switch (s.charAt(0)) {

      case 'A':
         return AbstractInterfaceReader.instance;
      case 'B':
         return ByteReader.instance;
      case 'C':
         return CharReader.instance;
      case 'D':
         return DoubleReader.instance;
      case 'E':
         return SerializableReader.instance;
      case 'F':
         return FloatReader.instance;
      case 'G':
         return StringReader.instance;
      case 'I':
         return IntReader.instance;
      case 'J':
         return LongReader.instance;
      case 'L':
         try {
            // Use Class.forName() (rather than cl.loadClass()), because 
            // Class.forName() loads Java array types (which are valuetypes).
            return new ValuetypeReader(Class.forName(s.substring(1), 
                                                     true, 
                                                     cl));
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + s.substring(1) + ": " + e);
         }
      case 'M':
         return CorbaObjectReader.instance;
      case 'N':
         try {
            return new IdlInterfaceReader(cl.loadClass(s.substring(1)));
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + s.substring(1) + ": " + e);
         }
      case 'O':
         return ObjectReader.instance;
      case 'R':
         try {
            return new RemoteReader(cl.loadClass(s.substring(1)));
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + s.substring(1) + ": " + e);
         }
      case 'S':
         return ShortReader.instance;
      case 'V':
         return null;
      case 'X': 
         return ExternalizableReader.instance;
      case 'Z':
         return BooleanReader.instance;
      default:
         return null;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns a <code>CDRStreamWriter</code> given an abbreviated name
    * and a <code>ClassLoader</code> for valuetype classes.
    */
   public static CDRStreamWriter writerFor(String s, ClassLoader cl) 
   {
      switch (s.charAt(0)) {

      case 'A':
         return AbstractInterfaceWriter.instance;
      case 'B':
         return ByteWriter.instance;
      case 'C':
         return CharWriter.instance;
      case 'D':
         return DoubleWriter.instance;
      case 'E':
         return SerializableWriter.instance;
      case 'F':
         return FloatWriter.instance;
      case 'G':
         return StringWriter.instance;
      case 'I':
         return IntWriter.instance;
      case 'J':
         return LongWriter.instance;
      case 'L':  
         try {
            // Use Class.forName() (rather than cl.loadClass()), because 
            // Class.forName() loads Java array types (which are valuetypes).
            return new ValuetypeWriter(Class.forName(s.substring(1), 
                                                     true, 
                                                     cl));
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + s.substring(1) + ": " + e);
         }
      case 'M':
         return CorbaObjectWriter.instance;
      case 'N':
         try {
            return new IdlInterfaceWriter(cl.loadClass(s.substring(1)));
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + s.substring(1) + ": " + e);
         }
      case 'O':
         return ObjectWriter.instance;
      case 'R':
         return RemoteWriter.instance;
      case 'S':
         return ShortWriter.instance;
      case 'V':
         return null;
      case 'X': 
         return ExternalizableWriter.instance;
      case 'Z':
         return BooleanWriter.instance;
      default:
         return null;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>CDRStreamReader</code> for a given <code>Class</code>.
    */
   public static CDRStreamReader readerFor(Class clz) 
   {
      if (clz == Boolean.TYPE) {
         return BooleanReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Byte.TYPE) {
         return ByteReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Character.TYPE) {
         return CharReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Double.TYPE) {
         return DoubleReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Float.TYPE) {
         return FloatReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Integer.TYPE) {
         return IntReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Long.TYPE) {
         return LongReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Short.TYPE) {
         return ShortReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Void.TYPE) {
         return null;
      }
      else if (clz == String.class) {
         return StringReader.instance;
      }
      else if (RmiIdlUtil.isRMIIDLRemoteInterface(clz)) {
         return new RemoteReader(clz);
      }
      else if (clz == org.omg.CORBA.Object.class) {
         return CorbaObjectReader.instance;
      }
      else if (org.omg.CORBA.Object.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return new IdlInterfaceReader(clz);
      }
      else if (IDLEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return new ValuetypeReader(clz);
      }
      else if (clz == Serializable.class) {
         return SerializableReader.instance;
      }
      else if (RmiIdlUtil.isAbstractInterface(clz)) {
         return AbstractInterfaceReader.instance;
      }
      else if (Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return new ValuetypeReader(clz);
      }
      else if (Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return ExternalizableReader.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Object.class) {
         return ObjectReader.instance;
      }
      else {
         return new ValuetypeReader(clz);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns the <code>CDRStreamWriter</code> for a given <code>Class</code>.
    */
   public static CDRStreamWriter writerFor(Class clz) 
   {
      if (clz == Boolean.TYPE) {
         return BooleanWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Byte.TYPE) {
         return ByteWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Character.TYPE) {
         return CharWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Double.TYPE) {
         return DoubleWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Float.TYPE) {
         return FloatWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Integer.TYPE) {
         return IntWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Long.TYPE) {
         return LongWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Short.TYPE) {
         return ShortWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == String.class) {
         return StringWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Void.TYPE) {
         return null;
      }
      else if (RmiIdlUtil.isRMIIDLRemoteInterface(clz)) {
         return RemoteWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == org.omg.CORBA.Object.class) {
         return CorbaObjectWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (org.omg.CORBA.Object.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return new IdlInterfaceWriter(clz);
      }
      else if (IDLEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return new ValuetypeWriter(clz);
      }
      else if (clz == Serializable.class) {
         return SerializableWriter.instance;
      } 
      else if (RmiIdlUtil.isAbstractInterface(clz)) {
         return AbstractInterfaceWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return new ValuetypeWriter(clz);
      }
      else if (Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(clz)) {
         return ExternalizableWriter.instance;
      }
      else if (clz == Object.class) {
         return ObjectWriter.instance;
      }
      else {
         return new ValuetypeWriter(clz);
      }
   }

   // Private -----------------------------------------------------------------

   // Static inner classes (all of them private) ------------------------------

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>boolean</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class BooleanReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new BooleanReader();
      
      private BooleanReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in) 
      {
         return new Boolean(in.read_boolean());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>byte</code>s from a CDR input 
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class ByteReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new ByteReader();
      
      private ByteReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in) 
      {
         return new Byte(in.read_octet());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>char</code>s from a CDR input 
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class CharReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new CharReader();
      
      private CharReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return new Character(in.read_wchar());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>double</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class DoubleReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new DoubleReader();
      
      private DoubleReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return new Double(in.read_double());
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>float</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class FloatReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new FloatReader();
      
      private FloatReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return new Float(in.read_float());
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>int</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class IntReader
         implements CDRStreamReader
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new IntReader();
      
      private IntReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return new Integer(in.read_long());
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>long</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class LongReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new LongReader();
      
      private LongReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return new Long(in.read_longlong());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>short</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class ShortReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new ShortReader();
      
      private ShortReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return new Short(in.read_short());
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals <code>String</code>s from a CDR input
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class StringReader
         implements CDRStreamReader
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new StringReader();
      
      private StringReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return in.read_value(String.class);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Class that unmarshals <code>java.rmi.Remote</code> objects from a CDR 
    * input stream. A <code>RemoteReader</code> is specific for a given 
    * remote interface, which is passed as a parameter to the 
    * <code>RemoteReader</code> constructor.
    */
   private static final class RemoteReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      private Class clz;
      
      RemoteReader(Class clz) {
         this.clz = clz;
      }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         // The narrow() call downloads the stub from the codebase embedded
         // within the IOR of the unmarshalled object.
         return PortableRemoteObject.narrow(in.read_Object(), clz);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>java.lang.Object</code> from a CDR input stream.
    */
   private static final class ObjectReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new ObjectReader();
      
      private ObjectReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return Util.readAny(in);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>java.io.Serializable</code> from a CDR input stream.
    */
   private static final class SerializableReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new SerializableReader();
      
      private SerializableReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return (Serializable)Util.readAny(in);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>java.io.Externalizable</code> from a CDR input stream.
    */
   private static final class ExternalizableReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new ExternalizableReader();
      
      private ExternalizableReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return (Externalizable)Util.readAny(in);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>org.omg.CORBA.Object</code> from a CDR input stream.
    */
   private static final class CorbaObjectReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new CorbaObjectReader();
      
      private CorbaObjectReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return (org.omg.CORBA.Object)in.read_Object();
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Class that unmarshals IDL interfaces from a CDR input stream.
    * An <code>IdlInterfaceReader</code> is specific for objects that 
    * implement the Java interface passed as a parameter to the 
    * <code>IdlInterfaceReader</code> constructor. This Java interface
    * must extend <code>org.omg.CORBA.Object</code>. 
    */
   private static final class IdlInterfaceReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      static private Class[] paramTypes = 
         { org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream.class };

      // The readMethod for this IdlInterfaceReader.
      private Method readMethod = null;
      
      IdlInterfaceReader(Class clz) 
      {
         String helperClassName = clz.getName() + "Helper";
         
         try {
            Class helperClass = 
               clz.getClassLoader().loadClass(helperClassName);
            readMethod = helperClass.getMethod("read", paramTypes);
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + helperClassName + ": " + e);
         }
         catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No read method in helper class " 
                                       + helperClassName + ": " + e);
         }
      }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         try {
            return readMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { in });
         }
         catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Internal error: " + e);
         }
         catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Exception unmarshaling CORBA object: " 
                                       + e.getTargetException());
         }
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that unmarshals from a CDR output stream objects whose
    * declared type is an interface that does not extend
    * <code>java.rmi.Remote</code> and whose declared methods 
    * (including inherited ones) all throw 
    * <code>java.rmi.RemoteException</code>.
    */
   private static final class AbstractInterfaceReader
         implements CDRStreamReader
   {
      static final CDRStreamReader instance = new AbstractInterfaceReader();
      
      private AbstractInterfaceReader() { }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return in.read_abstract_interface();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Class that unmarshals valuetypes from a CDR input stream.
    * A <code>ValuetypeReader</code> is specific for objects of a given class,
    * which is passed as a parameter to the <code>ValuetypeReader</code> 
    * constructor and must implement <code>java.io.Serializable</code>.
    */
   private static final class ValuetypeReader
         implements CDRStreamReader 
   {
      private Class clz;
      
      ValuetypeReader(Class clz) {
         this.clz = clz;
      }
      
      public Object read(InputStream in)
      {
         return in.read_value(clz);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>boolean</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class BooleanWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new BooleanWriter();
      
      private BooleanWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_boolean(((Boolean)obj).booleanValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>byte</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class ByteWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new ByteWriter();
      
      private ByteWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_octet(((Byte)obj).byteValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>char</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class CharWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new CharWriter();
      
      private CharWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_wchar(((Character)obj).charValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>double</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class DoubleWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new DoubleWriter();
      
      private DoubleWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_double(((Double)obj).doubleValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>float</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class FloatWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new FloatWriter();
      
      private FloatWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object  obj) 
      {
         out.write_float(((Float)obj).floatValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>int</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class IntWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new IntWriter();
      
      private IntWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj) 
      {
         out.write_long(((Integer)obj).intValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>long</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class LongWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new LongWriter();
      
      private LongWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_longlong(((Long)obj).longValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>short</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class ShortWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new ShortWriter();
      
      private ShortWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_short(((Short)obj).shortValue());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>String</code>s into a CDR output
    * stream.
    */
   private static final class StringWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new StringWriter();
      
      private StringWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_value((String)obj, String.class);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals <code>java.rmi.Remote</code> objects into
    * a CDR output stream.
    */
   private static final class RemoteWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new RemoteWriter();
      
      private RemoteWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_Object((org.omg.CORBA.Object)obj);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>java.lang.Object</code> into a CDR output stream.
    */
   private static final class ObjectWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new ObjectWriter();
      
      private ObjectWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         Util.writeAny(out, obj);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>java.io.Serializable</code> into a CDR output stream.
    */
   private static final class SerializableWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter 
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new SerializableWriter();
      
      private SerializableWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         Util.writeAny(out, (Serializable)obj);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>java.io.Externalizable</code> into a CDR output stream.
    */
   private static final class ExternalizableWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new ExternalizableWriter();
      
      private ExternalizableWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         Util.writeAny(out, (Externalizable)obj);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals objects whose declared type is
    * <code>org.omg.CORBA.Object</code> into a CDR output stream.
    */
   private static final class CorbaObjectWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new CorbaObjectWriter();
      
      private CorbaObjectWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_Object((org.omg.CORBA.Object)obj);
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Class that marshals IDL interfaces into a CDR output stream.
    * An <code>IdlInterfaceWriter</code> is specific for objects that
    * implement the Java interface is passed as a parameter to the 
    * <code>IdlInterfaceWriter</code> constructor. This Java interface 
    * must extend <code>org.omg.CORBA.Object</code>.
    */
   private static final class IdlInterfaceWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      // The writeMethod for this IdlInterfaceReader.
      private Method writeMethod = null;
      
      IdlInterfaceWriter(Class clz) 
      {
         String helperClassName = clz.getName() + "Helper";
         
         try {
            Class helperClass = 
               clz.getClassLoader().loadClass(helperClassName);
            Class[] paramTypes = { 
               org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream.class, 
               clz 
            };
            writeMethod = helperClass.getMethod("write", paramTypes);
         }
         catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error loading class " 
                                       + helperClassName + ": " + e);
         }
         catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No write method in helper class " 
                                       + helperClassName + ": " + e);
         }
      }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         try {
            writeMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { out, obj });
         }
         catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Internal error: " + e);
         }
         catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Exception marshaling CORBA object: " 
                                       + e.getTargetException());
         }
      }
   }
      
   /**
    * Singleton class that marshals into a CDR output stream objects whose
    * declared type is an interface that does not extend
    * <code>java.rmi.Remote</code> and whose declared methods 
    * (including inherited ones) all throw 
    * <code>java.rmi.RemoteException</code>.
    */
   private static final class AbstractInterfaceWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      static final CDRStreamWriter instance = new AbstractInterfaceWriter();
      
      private AbstractInterfaceWriter() { }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_abstract_interface(obj);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Class that marshals valuetypes into a CDR output stream.
    * A <code>ValuetypeWriter</code> is specific for objects of a given class,
    * which is passed as a parameter to the <code>ValuetypeWriter</code> 
    * constructor and must implement <code>java.io.Serializable</code>.
    */
   private static final class ValuetypeWriter
         implements CDRStreamWriter
   {
      private Class clz;
      
      ValuetypeWriter(Class clz) 
      {
         this.clz = clz;
      }
      
      public void write(OutputStream out, Object obj)
      {
         out.write_value((java.io.Serializable)obj, clz);
      }
   }

}
