# Apache Camel

## User Guide

### Version 2.15.1.redhat-621020

Copyright 2007-2015, Apache Software Foundation

# Introduction

Apache Camel ™ is a versatile open-source integration framework based on known Enterprise Integration Patterns.

Camel empowers you to define routing and mediation rules in a variety of domain-specific languages, including a Java-based Fluent API, Spring or Blueprint XML Configuration files, and a Scala DSL. This means you get smart completion of routing rules in your IDE, whether in a Java, Scala or XML editor.

Apache Camel uses URIs to work directly with any kind of Transport or messaging model such as HTTP, ActiveMQ, JMS, JBI, SCA, MINA or CXF, as well as pluggable Components and Data Format options. Apache Camel is a small library with minimal dependencies for easy embedding in any Java application. Apache Camel lets you work with the same API regardless which kind of Transport is used - so learn the API once and you can interact with all the Components provided out-of-box.

Apache Camel provides support for Bean Binding and seamless integration with popular frameworks such as Spring, Blueprint and Guice. Camel also has extensive support for unit testing your routes.

The following projects can leverage Apache Camel as a routing and mediation engine:

- Apache ServiceMix - a popular distributed open source ESB and JBI container
- Apache ActiveMQ - a mature, widely used open source message broker
- Apache CXF - a smart web services suite (JAX-WS and JAX-RS)
- Apache Karaf - a small OSGi based runtime in which applications can be deployed
- Apache MINA - a high-performance NIO-driven networking framework

So don't get the hump - try Camel today!

Too many buzzwords - what exactly is Camel?

Okay, so the description above is technology focused.
There's a great discussion about Camel at Stack Overflow. We suggest you view the post, read the comments, and browse the suggested links for more details.

# Quickstart

To start using Apache Camel quickly, you can read through some simple examples in this chapter. For readers who would like a more thorough introduction, please skip ahead to Chapter 3.

## Walk through an Example Code

This mini-guide takes you through the source code of a simple example.

Camel can be configured either by using Spring or directly in Java - which this example does.

This example is available in the `examples\camel-example-jms-file` directory of the Camel distribution.

We start with creating a CamelContext - which is a container for Components, Routes etc:

There is more than one way of adding a Component to the CamelContext. You can add components implicitly - when we set up the routing - as we do here for the FileComponent:

or explicitly - as we do here when we add the JMS Component:

The above works with any JMS provider. If we know we are using ActiveMQ we can use an even simpler form using the `activeMQComponent()` method while specifying the brokerURL used to connect to ActiveMQ

In normal use, an external system would be firing messages or events directly into Camel through one if its Components but we are going to use the ProducerTemplate which is a really easy way for testing your configuration:

Next you must start the camel context. If you are using Spring to configure the camel context this is automatically done for you; though if you are using a pure Java approach then you just need to call the start() method

This will start all of the configured routing rules.

So after starting the CamelContext, we can fire some objects into camel:

## What happens?

From the ProducerTemplate - we send objects (in this case text) into the CamelContext to the Component test-jms:queue:test.queue. These text objects will be converted automatically into JMS Messages and posted to a JMS Queue named test.queue. When we set up the Route, we configured the FileComponent to listen off the test.queue.

The File FileComponent will take messages off the Queue, and save them to a directory named test. Every message will be saved in a file that corresponds to its destination and message id.

Finally, we configured our own listener in the Route - to take notifications from the FileComponent and print them out as text.

That's it!

If you have the time then use 5 more minutes to Walk through another example that demonstrates the Spring DSL (XML based) routing.

## Walk through another example

### Introduction

Continuing the walk from our first example, we take a closer look at the routing and explain a few pointers - so you won't walk into a bear trap, but can enjoy an after-hours walk to the local pub for a large beer

First we take a moment to look at the Enterprise Integration Patterns - the base pattern catalog for integration scenarios. In particular we focus on Pipes and filters - a central pattern. This is used to route messages through a sequence of processing steps, each performing a specific function - much like the Java Servlet Filters.

### Pipes and filters

In this sample we want to process a message in a sequence of steps where each steps can perform their specific function. In our example we have a JMS queue for receiving new orders. When an order is received we need to process it in several steps:

- validate
- register
- send confirm email

This can be created in a route like this:

Pipeline is default

In the route above we specify `pipeline` but it can be omitted as its default, so you can write the route as:

This is commonly used not to state the pipeline.

An example where the pipeline needs to be used, is when using a multicast and "one" of the endpoints to send to (as a logical group) is a pipeline of other endpoints. For example.

The above sends the order (from `jms:queue:order`) to two locations at the same time, our log component, and to the "pipeline" of beans which goes one to the other. If you consider the opposite, sans the `<pipeline>`

you would see that multicast would not "flow" the message from one bean to the next, but rather send the order to all 4 endpoints (1x log, 3x bean) in parallel, which is not (for this example) what we want. We need the message to flow to the validateOrder, then to the registerOrder, then the sendConfirmEmail so adding the pipeline, provides this facility.

Where as the `bean ref` is a reference for a spring bean id, so we define our beans using regular Spring XML as:

Our validator bean is a plain POJO that has no dependencies to Camel what so ever. So you can implement this POJO as you like. Camel uses rather intelligent Bean Binding to invoke your POJO with the payload of the received message. In this example we will not dig into this how this happens. You should return to this topic later when you got some hands on experience with Camel how it can easily bind routing using your existing POJO beans.

So what happens in the route above. Well when an order is received from the JMS queue the message is routed like Pipes and filters:
1. payload from the JMS is sent as input to the validateOrder bean
2. the output from validateOrder bean is sent as input to the registerOrder bean
3. the output from registerOrder bean is sent as input to the sendConfirmEmail bean

### Using Camel Components

In the route lets imagine that the registration of the order has to be done by sending data to a TCP socket that could be a big mainframe. As Camel has many Components we will use the camel-mina component that supports TCP connectivity. So we change the route to:

What we now have in the route is a `to` type that can be used as a direct replacement for the bean type. The steps is now:
1. payload from the JMS is sent as input to the validateOrder bean
2. the output from validateOrder bean is sent as text to the mainframe using TCP
3. the output from mainframe is sent back as input to the sendConfirmEmai bean

What to notice here is that the `to` is not the end of the route (the world ) in this example it's used in the middle of the Pipes and filters. In fact we can change the `bean` types to `to` as well:

As the `to` is a generic type we must state in the uri scheme which component it is. So we must write bean: for the Bean component that we are using.

### Conclusion

This example was provided to demonstrate the Spring DSL (XML based) as opposed to the pure Java DSL from the first example. And as well to point about that the `to` doesn't have to be the last node in a route graph.

This example is also based on the in-only message exchange pattern. What you must understand as well is the in-out message exchange pattern, where the caller expects a response. We will look into this in another example.

### See also

- Examples
- Tutorials
- User Guide

# Getting Started with Apache Camel

## The Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP) book

The purpose of a "patterns" book is not to advocate new techniques that the authors have invented, but rather to document existing best practices within a particular field. By doing this, the authors of a patterns book hope to spread knowledge of best practices and promote a vocabulary for discussing architectural designs.
One of the most famous patterns books is Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, commonly known as the "Gang of Four" (GoF) book. Since the publication of Design Patterns, many other pattern books, of varying quality, have been written. One famous patterns book is called Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions by Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf. It is common for people to refer to this book by its initials EIP. As the subtitle of EIP suggests, the book focuses on design patterns for asynchronous messaging systems. The book discusses 65 patterns. Each pattern is given a textual name and most are also given a graphical symbol, intended to be used in architectural diagrams.

## The Camel project

Camel (http://camel.apache.org) is an open-source, Java-based project that helps the user implement many of the design patterns in the EIP book. Because Camel implements many of the design patterns in the EIP book, it would be a good idea for people who work with Camel to have the EIP book as a reference.

## Online documentation for Camel

The documentation is all under the Documentation category on the right-side menu of the Camel website (also available in PDF form. Camel-related books are also available, in particular the Camel in Action book, presently serving as the Camel bible--it has a free Chapter One (pdf), which is highly recommended to read to get more familiar with Camel.

### A useful tip for navigating the online documentation

The breadcrumbs at the top of the online Camel documentation can help you navigate between parent and child subsections.
For example, If you are on the "Languages" documentation page then the left-hand side of the reddish bar contains the following links.

As you might expect, clicking on "Apache Camel" takes you back to the home page of the Apache Camel project, and clicking on "Documentation" takes you to the main documentation page. You can interpret the "Architecture" and "Languages" buttons as indicating you are in the "Languages" section of the "Architecture" chapter. Adding browser bookmarks to pages that you frequently reference can also save time.

## Online Javadoc documentation

The Apache Camel website provides Javadoc documentation. It is important to note that the Javadoc documentation is spread over several independent Javadoc hierarchies rather than being all contained in a single Javadoc hierarchy. In particular, there is one Javadoc hierarchy for the core APIs of Camel, and a separate Javadoc hierarchy for each component technology supported by Camel. For example, if you will be using Camel with ActiveMQ and FTP then you need to look at the Javadoc hierarchies for the core API and Spring API.

## Concepts and terminology fundamental to Camel

In this section some of the concepts and terminology that are fundamental to Camel are explained. This section is not meant as a complete Camel tutorial, but as a first step in that direction.

### Endpoint

The term endpoint is often used when talking about inter-process communication. For example, in client-server communication, the client is one endpoint and the server is the other endpoint. Depending on the context, an endpoint might refer to an address, such as a host:port pair for TCP-based communication, or it might refer to a software entity that is contactable at that address. For example, if somebody uses "www.example.com:80" as an example of an endpoint, they might be referring to the actual port at that host name (that is, an address), or they might be referring to the web server (that is, software contactable at that address). Often, the distinction between the address and software contactable at that address is not an important one.
Some middleware technologies make it possible for several software entities to be contactable at the same physical address. For example, CORBA is an object-oriented, remote-procedure-call (RPC) middleware standard. If a CORBA server process contains several objects then a client can communicate with any of these objects at the same physical address (host:port), but a client communicates with a particular object via that object's logical address (called an IOR in CORBA terminology), which consists of the physical address (host:port) plus an id that uniquely identifies the object within its server process. (An IOR contains some additional information that is not relevant to this present discussion.) When talking about CORBA, some people may use the term "endpoint" to refer to a CORBA server's physical address, while other people may use the term to refer to the logical address of a single CORBA object, and other people still might use the term to refer to any of the following:

- The physical address (host:port) of the CORBA server process
- The logical address (host:port plus id) of a CORBA object.
- The CORBA server process (a relatively heavyweight software entity)
- A CORBA object (a lightweight software entity)

Because of this, you can see that the term endpoint is ambiguous in at least two ways. First, it is ambiguous because it might refer to an address or to a software entity contactable at that address. Second, it is ambiguous in the granularity of what it refers to: a heavyweight versus lightweight software entity, or physical address versus logical address. It is useful to understand that different people use the term endpoint in slightly different (and hence ambiguous) ways because Camel's usage of this term might be different to whatever meaning you had previously associated with the term.
Camel provides out-of-the-box support for endpoints implemented with many different communication technologies. Here are some examples of the Camel-supported endpoint technologies.

- A JMS queue.
- A web service.
- A file. A file may sound like an unlikely type of endpoint, until you realize that in some systems one application might write information to a file and, later, another application might read that file.
- An FTP server.
- An email address. A client can send a message to an email address, and a server can read an incoming message from a mail server.
- A POJO (plain old Java object).

In a Camel-based application, you create (Camel wrappers around) some endpoints and connect these endpoints with routes, which I will discuss later in Section 4.8 ("Routes, RouteBuilders and Java DSL"). Camel defines a Java interface called `Endpoint`. Each Camel-supported endpoint has a class that implements this `Endpoint` interface. As I discussed in Section 3.3 ("Online Javadoc documentation"), Camel provides a separate Javadoc hierarchy for each communications technology supported by Camel. Because of this, you will find documentation on, say, the `JmsEndpoint` class in the JMS Javadoc hierarchy, while documentation for, say, the `FtpEndpoint` class is in the FTP Javadoc hierarchy.

### CamelContext

A `CamelContext` object represents the Camel runtime system. You typically have one `CamelContext` object in an application. A typical application executes the following steps.

1. Create a `CamelContext` object.
2. Add endpoints – and possibly Components, which are discussed in Section 4.5 ("Components") – to the `CamelContext` object.
3. Add routes to the `CamelContext` object to connect the endpoints.
4. Invoke the `start()` operation on the `CamelContext` object. This starts Camel-internal threads that are used to process the sending, receiving and processing of messages in the endpoints.
5. Eventually invoke the `stop()` operation on the `CamelContext` object. Doing this gracefully stops all the endpoints and Camel-internal threads.

Note that the `CamelContext.start()` operation does not block indefinitely. Rather, it starts threads internal to each `Component` and `Endpoint` and then `start()` returns. Conversely, `CamelContext.stop()` waits for all the threads internal to each `Endpoint` and `Component` to terminate and then `stop()` returns.
If you neglect to call `CamelContext.start()` in your application then messages will not be processed because internal threads will not have been created.
If you neglect to call `CamelContext.stop()` before terminating your application then the application may terminate in an inconsistent state. If you neglect to call `CamelContext.stop()` in a JUnit test then the test may fail due to messages not having had a chance to be fully processed.

### CamelTemplate

Camel used to have a class called `CamelClient`, but this was renamed to be `CamelTemplate` to be similar to a naming convention used in some other open-source projects, such as the `TransactionTemplate` and `JmsTemplate` classes in Spring.
The `CamelTemplate` class is a thin wrapper around the `CamelContext` class. It has methods that send a `Message` or `Exchange` – both discussed in Section 4.6 ("Message and Exchange")) – to an `Endpoint` – discussed in Section 4.1 ("Endpoint"). This provides a way to enter messages into source endpoints, so that the messages will move along routes – discussed in Section 4.8 ("Routes, RouteBuilders and Java DSL") – to destination endpoints.

### The Meaning of URL, URI, URN and IRI

Some Camel methods take a parameter that is a URI string. Many people know that a URI is "something like a URL" but do not properly understand the relationship between URI and URL, or indeed its relationship with other acronyms such as IRI and URN.
Most people are familiar with URLs (uniform resource locators), such as "http://...", "ftp://...", "mailto:...". Put simply, a URL specifies the location of a resource.
A URI (uniform resource identifier) is a URL or a URN. So, to fully understand what URI means, you need to first understand what is a URN.
URN is an acronym for uniform resource name. There are may "unique identifier" schemes in the world, for example, ISBNs (globally unique for books), social security numbers (unique within a country), customer numbers (unique within a company's customers database) and telephone numbers. Each "unique identifier" scheme has its own notation. A URN is a wrapper for different "unique identifier" schemes. The syntax of a URN is "urn:<scheme-name>:<unique-identifier>". A URN uniquely identifies a resource, such as a book, person or piece of equipment. By itself, a URN does not specify the location of the resource. Instead, it is assumed that a registry provides a mapping from a resource's URN to its location. The URN specification does not state what form a registry takes, but it might be a database, a server application, a wall chart or anything else that is convenient. Some hypothetical examples of URNs are "urn:employee:08765245", "urn:customer:uk:3458:hul8" and "urn:foo:0000-0000-9E59-0000-5E-2". The <scheme-name> ("employee", "customer" and "foo" in these examples) part of a URN implicitly defines how to parse and interpret the <unique-identifier> that follows it. An arbitrary URN is meaningless unless: (1) you know the semantics implied by the <scheme-name>, and (2) you have access to the registry appropriate for the <scheme-name>. A registry does not have to be public or globally accessible. For example, "urn:employee:08765245" might be meaningful only within a specific company.
To date, URNs are not (yet) as popular as URLs. For this reason, URI is widely misused as a synonym for URL.
IRI is an acronym for internationalized resource identifier. An IRI is simply an internationalized version of a URI. In particular, a URI can contain letters and digits in the US-ASCII character set, while a IRI can contain those same letters and digits, and also European accented characters, Greek letters, Chinese ideograms and so on.

### Components

Component is confusing terminology; EndpointFactory would have been more appropriate because a `Component` is a factory for creating `Endpoint` instances. For example, if a Camel-based application uses several JMS queues then the application will create one instance of the `JmsComponent` class (which implements the `Component` interface), and then the application invokes the `createEndpoint()` operation on this `JmsComponent` object several times. Each invocation of `JmsComponent.createEndpoint()` creates an instance of the `JmsEndpoint` class (which implements the `Endpoint` interface). Actually, application-level code does not invoke `Component.createEndpoint()` directly. Instead, application-level code normally invokes `CamelContext.getEndpoint()`; internally, the `CamelContext` object finds the desired `Component` object (as I will discuss shortly) and then invokes `createEndpoint()` on it.
Consider the following code.

The parameter to `getEndpoint()` is a URI. The URI prefix (that is, the part before ":") specifies the name of a component. Internally, the `CamelContext` object maintains a mapping from names of components to `Component` objects. For the URI given in the above example, the `CamelContext` object would probably map the `pop3` prefix to an instance of the `MailComponent` class. Then the `CamelContext` object invokes `createEndpoint("pop3://john.smith@mailserv.example.com?password=myPassword")` on that `MailComponent` object. The `createEndpoint()` operation splits the URI into its component parts and uses these parts to create and configure an `Endpoint` object.
In the previous paragraph, I mentioned that a `CamelContext` object maintains a mapping from component names to `Component` objects. This raises the question of how this map is populated with named `Component` objects. There are two ways of populating the map. The first way is for application-level code to invoke `CamelContext.addComponent(String componentName, Component component)`. The example below shows a single `MailComponent` object being registered in the map under 3 different names.

The second (and preferred) way to populate the map of named `Component` objects in the `CamelContext` object is to let the `CamelContext` object perform lazy initialization. This approach relies on developers following a convention when they write a class that implements the `Component` interface. I illustrate the convention by an example. Let's assume you write a class called `com.example.myproject.FooComponent` and you want Camel to automatically recognize this by the name "foo". To do this, you have to write a properties file called "META-INF/services/org/apache/camel/component/foo" (without a ".properties" file extension) that has a single entry in it called `class`, the value of which is the fully-scoped name of your class. This is shown below.

META-INF/services/org/apache/camel/component/foo

If you want Camel to also recognize the class by the name "bar" then you write another properties file in the same directory called "bar" that has the same contents. Once you have written the properties file(s), you create a jar file that contains the `com.example.myproject.FooComponent` class and the properties file(s), and you add this jar file to your CLASSPATH. Then, when application-level code invokes `createEndpoint("foo:...")` on a `CamelContext` object, Camel will find the "foo"" properties file on the CLASSPATH, get the value of the `class` property from that properties file, and use reflection APIs to create an instance of the specified class.
As I said in Section 4.1 ("Endpoint"), Camel provides out-of-the-box support for numerous communication technologies. The out-of-the-box support consists of classes that implement the `Component` interface plus properties files that enable a `CamelContext` object to populate its map of named `Component` objects.
Earlier in this section I gave the following example of calling `CamelContext.getEndpoint()`.

When I originally gave that example, I said that the parameter to `getEndpoint()` was a URI. I said that because the online Camel documentation and the Camel source code both claim the parameter is a URI. In reality, the parameter is restricted to being a URL. This is because when Camel extracts the component name from the parameter, it looks for the first ":", which is a simplistic algorithm. To understand why, recall from Section 4.4 ("The Meaning of URL, URI, URN and IRI") that a URI can be a URL or a URN. Now consider the following calls to `getEndpoint`.

Camel identifies the components in the above example as "pop3", "jms", "urn" and "urn". It would be more useful if the latter components were identified as "urn:foo" and "urn:bar" or, alternatively, as "foo" and "bar" (that is, by skipping over the "urn:" prefix). So, in practice you must identify an endpoint with a URL (a string of the form "<scheme>:...") rather than with a URN (a string of the form "urn:<scheme>:..."). This lack of proper support for URNs means the you should consider the parameter to `getEndpoint()` as being a URL rather than (as claimed) a URI.

### Message and Exchange

The `Message` interface provides an abstraction for a single message, such as a request, reply or exception message.
There are concrete classes that implement the `Message` interface for each Camel-supported communications technology. For example, the `JmsMessage` class provides a JMS-specific implementation of the `Message` interface. The public API of the `Message` interface provides get- and set-style methods to access the message id, body and individual header fields of a messge.
The `Exchange` interface provides an abstraction for an exchange of messages, that is, a request message and its corresponding reply or exception message. In Camel terminology, the request, reply and exception messages are called in, out and fault messages.
There are concrete classes that implement the `Exchange` interface for each Camel-supported communications technology. For example, the `JmsExchange` class provides a JMS-specific implementation of the `Exchange` interface. The public API of the `Exchange` interface is quite limited. This is intentional, and it is expected that each class that implements this interface will provide its own technology-specific operations.
Application-level programmers rarely access the `Exchange` interface (or classes that implement it) directly. However, many classes in Camel are generic types that are instantiated on (a class that implements) `Exchange`. Because of this, the `Exchange` interface appears a lot in the generic signatures of classes and methods.

### Processor

The `Processor` interface represents a class that processes a message. The signature of this interface is shown below.

Processor

Notice that the parameter to the `process()` method is an `Exchange` rather than a `Message`. This provides flexibility. For example, an implementation of this method initially might call `exchange.getIn()` to get the input message and process it. If an error occurs during processing then the method can call `exchange.setException()`.
An application-level developer might implement the `Processor` interface with a class that executes some business logic. However, there are many classes in the Camel library that implement the `Processor` interface in a way that provides support for a design pattern in the EIP book. For example, `ChoiceProcessor` implements the message router pattern, that is, it uses a cascading if-then-else statement to route a message from an input queue to one of several output queues. Another example is the `FilterProcessor` class which discards messages that do not satisfy a stated predicate (that is, condition).

### Routes, RouteBuilders and Java DSL

A route is the step-by-step movement of a `Message` from an input queue, through arbitrary types of decision making (such as filters and routers) to a destination queue (if any). Camel provides two ways for an application developer to specify routes. One way is to specify route information in an XML file. A discussion of that approach is outside the scope of this document. The other way is through what Camel calls a Java DSL (domain-specific language).

#### Introduction to Java DSL

For many people, the term "domain-specific language" implies a compiler or interpreter that can process an input file containing keywords and syntax specific to a particular domain. This is not the approach taken by Camel. Camel documentation consistently uses the term "Java DSL" instead of "DSL", but this does not entirely avoid potential confusion. The Camel "Java DSL" is a class library that can be used in a way that looks almost like a DSL, except that it has a bit of Java syntactic baggage. You can see this in the example below. Comments afterwards explain some of the constructs used in the example.

Example of Camel's "Java DSL"

The first line in the above example creates an object which is an instance of an anonymous subclass of `RouteBuilder` with the specified `configure()` method.
The `CamelContext.addRoutes(RouterBuilder builder)` method invokes `builder.setContext(this)` – so the `RouteBuilder` object knows which `CamelContext` object it is associated with – and then invokes `builder.configure()`. The body of `configure()` invokes methods such as `from()`, `filter()`, `choice()`, `when()`, `isEqualTo()`, `otherwise()` and `to()`.
The `RouteBuilder.from(String uri)` method invokes `getEndpoint(uri)` on the `CamelContext` associated with the `RouteBuilder` object to get the specified `Endpoint` and then puts a `FromBuilder` "wrapper" around this `Endpoint`. The `FromBuilder.filter(Predicate predicate)` method creates a `FilterProcessor` object for the `Predicate` (that is, condition) object built from the `header("foo").isEqualTo("bar")` expression. In this way, these operations incrementally build up a `Route` object (with a `RouteBuilder` wrapper around it) and add it to the `CamelContext` object associated with the `RouteBuilder`.

#### Critique of Java DSL

The online Camel documentation compares Java DSL favourably against the alternative of configuring routes and endpoints in a XML-based Spring configuration file. In particular, Java DSL is less verbose than its XML counterpart. In addition, many integrated development environments (IDEs) provide an auto-completion feature in their editors. This auto-completion feature works with Java DSL, thereby making it easier for developers to write Java DSL.
However, there is another option that the Camel documentation neglects to consider: that of writing a parser that can process DSL stored in, say, an external file. Currently, Camel does not provide such a DSL parser, and I do not know if it is on the "to do" list of the Camel maintainers. I think that a DSL parser would offer a significant benefit over the current Java DSL. In particular, the DSL would have a syntactic definition that could be expressed in a relatively short BNF form. The effort required by a Camel user to learn how to use DSL by reading this BNF would almost certainly be significantly less than the effort currently required to study the API of the `RouterBuilder` classes.

### Continue Learning about Camel

Return to the main Getting Started page for additional introductory reference information.

# Architecture

Camel uses a Java based Routing Domain Specific Language (DSL) or an Xml Configuration to configure routing and mediation rules which are added to a CamelContext to implement the various Enterprise Integration Patterns.

At a high level Camel consists of a CamelContext which contains a collection of Component instances. A Component is essentially a factory of Endpoint instances. You can explicitly configure Component instances in Java code or an IoC container like Spring or Guice, or they can be auto-discovered using URIs.

An Endpoint acts rather like a URI or URL in a web application or a Destination in a JMS system; you can communicate with an endpoint; either sending messages to it or consuming messages from it. You can then create a Producer or Consumer on an Endpoint to exchange messages with it.

The DSL makes heavy use of pluggable Languages to create an Expression or Predicate to make a truly powerful DSL which is extensible to the most suitable language depending on your needs. The following languages are supported

- Bean Language for using Java for expressions
- Constant
- the unified EL from JSP and JSF
- Header
- JSonPath
- JXPath
- Mvel
- OGNL
- Ref Language
- ExchangeProperty / Property
- Scripting Languages such as
  - BeanShell
  - JavaScript
  - Groovy
  - Python
  - PHP
  - Ruby
- Simple
  - File Language
- Spring Expression Language
- SQL
- Tokenizer
- XPath
- XQuery
- VTD-XML

Most of these languages is also supported used as Annotation Based Expression Language.

For a full details of the individual languages see the Language Appendix

## URIs

Camel makes extensive use of URIs to allow you to refer to endpoints which are lazily created by a Component if you refer to them within Routes.

important

Make sure to read How do I configure endpoints to learn more about configuring endpoints. For example how to refer to beans in the Registry or how to use raw values for password options, and using property placeholders etc.

### Current Supported URIs

Component / ArtifactId / URI | Description
--- | ---
AHC / camel-ahc | To call external HTTP services using Async Http Client
AHC-WS / camel-ahc-ws | To exchange data with external Websocket servers using Async Http Client
AMQP / camel-amqp | For Messaging with AMQP protocol
APNS / camel-apns | For sending notifications to Apple iOS devices
Atmosphere-Websocket / camel-atmosphere-websocket | To exchange data with external Websocket clients using Atmosphere
Atom / camel-atom | Working with Apache Abdera for atom integration, such as consuming an atom feed.
Avro / camel-avro | Working with Apache Avro for data serialization.
AWS-CW / camel-aws | For working with Amazon's CloudWatch (CW).
AWS-DDB / camel-aws | For working with Amazon's DynamoDB (DDB).
AWS-EC2 / camel-aws | For working with Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).
AWS-SDB / camel-aws | For working with Amazon's SimpleDB (SDB).
AWS-SES / camel-aws | For working with Amazon's Simple Email Service (SES).
AWS-SNS / camel-aws | For Messaging with Amazon's Simple Notification Service (SNS).
AWS-SQS / camel-aws | For Messaging with Amazon's Simple Queue Service (SQS).
AWS-SWF / camel-aws | For Messaging with Amazon's Simple Workflow Service (SWF).
AWS-S3 / camel-aws | For working with Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3).
Bean / camel-core | Uses the Bean Binding to bind message exchanges to beans in the Registry. Is also used for exposing and invoking POJO (Plain Old Java Objects).
Beanstalk / camel-beanstalk | For working with Amazon's Beanstalk.
Bean Validator / camel-bean-validator | Validates the payload of a message using the Java Validation API (JSR 303 and JAXP Validation) and its reference implementation Hibernate Validator
Box / camel-box | For uploading, downloading and managing files, managing files, folders, groups, collaborations, etc. on Box.com.
Browse / camel-core | Provides a simple BrowsableEndpoint which can be useful for testing, visualisation tools or debugging. The exchanges sent to the endpoint are all available to be browsed.
Cache / camel-cache | The cache component facilitates creation of caching endpoints and processors using EHCache as the cache implementation.
Cassandra / camel-cassandraql | For integrating with Apache Cassandra.
Class / camel-core | Uses the Bean Binding to bind message exchanges to beans in the Registry. Is also used for exposing and invoking POJO (Plain Old Java Objects).
Chunk / camel-chunk | Generates a response using a Chunk template
CMIS / camel-cmis | Uses the Apache Chemistry client API to interface with CMIS supporting CMS
Cometd / camel-cometd | Used to deliver messages using the jetty cometd implementation of the bayeux protocol
Context / camel-context | Used to refer to endpoints within a separate CamelContext to provide a simple black box composition approach so that routes can be combined into a CamelContext and then used as a black box component inside other routes in other CamelContexts
ControlBus / camel-core | ControlBus EIP that allows to send messages to Endpoints for managing and monitoring your Camel applications.
CouchDB / camel-couchdb | To integrate with Apache CouchDB.
Crypto (Digital Signatures) / camel-crypto | Used to sign and verify exchanges using the Signature Service of the Java Cryptographic Extension.
CXF / camel-cxf | Working with Apache CXF for web services integration
CXF Bean / camel-cxf | Proceess the exchange using a JAX WS or JAX RS annotated bean from the registry. Requires less configuration than the above CXF Component
CXFRS / camel-cxf | Working with Apache CXF for REST services integration
DataFormat / camel-core | for working with Data Formats as if it was a regular Component supporting Endpoints and URIs.
DataSet / camel-core | For load & soak testing the DataSet provides a way to create huge numbers of messages for sending to Components or asserting that they are consumed correctly
Direct / camel-core | Synchronous call to another endpoint from same CamelContext.
Direct-VM / camel-core | Synchronous call to another endpoint in another CamelContext running in the same JVM.
DNS / camel-dns | To lookup domain information and run DNS queries using DNSJava
Disruptor / camel-disruptor | To provide the implementation of SEDA which is based on disruptor
Docker / camel-docker | To communicate with Docker
Dozer / camel-dozer | To convert message body using the Dozer type converter library.
D ropbox / camel-dropbox | The dropbox: component allows you to treat Dropbox remote folders as a producer or consumer of messages.
EJB / camel-ejb | Uses the Bean Binding to bind message exchanges to EJBs. It works like the Bean component but just for accessing EJBs. Supports EJB 3.0 onwards.
ElasticSearch / camel-elasticsearch | For interfacing with an ElasticSearch server.
Spring Event / camel-spring | Working with Spring ApplicationEvents
EventAdmin / camel-eventadmin | Receiving OSGi EventAdmin events
Exec / camel-exec | For executing system commands
Facebook / camel-facebook | Providing access to all of the Facebook APIs accessible using Facebook4J
File / camel-core | Sending messages to a file or polling a file or directory.
Flatpack / camel-flatpack | Processing fixed width or delimited files or messages using the FlatPack library
FOP / camel-fop | Renders the message into different output formats using Apache FOP
FreeMarker / camel-freemarker | Generates a response using a FreeMarker template
FTP / camel-ftp | Sending and receiving files over FTP.
FTPS / camel-ftp | Sending and receiving files over FTP Secure (TLS and SSL).
Ganglia / camel-ganglia
    ganglia:destination:port[?options]
| Sends values as metrics to the Ganglia performance monitoring system using gmetric4j. Can be used along with JMXetric.
GAuth / camel-gae | Used by web applications to implement an OAuth consumer. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine.
GHttp / camel-gae | Provides connectivity to the URL fetch service of Google App Engine but can also be used to receive messages from servlets. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine.
GLogin / camel-gae | Used by Camel applications outside Google App Engine (GAE) for programmatic login to GAE applications. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine.
GTask / camel-gae | Supports asynchronous message processing on Google App Engine by using the task queueing service as message queue. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine.
Google Calendar / camel-google-calendar | Supports interaction with Google Calendar's REST API.
Google Drive / camel-google-drive | Supports interaction with Google Drive's REST API.
Google Mail / camel-google-mail | Supports interaction with Google Mail's REST API.
GMail / camel-gae | Supports sending of emails via the mail service of Google App Engine. See also Camel Components for Google App Engine.
Gora/ camel-gora | Supports to work with NoSQL databases using the Apache Gora framework.
G rape/ camel-grape | Grape component allows you to fetch, load and manage additional jars when CamelContext is running.
Geocoder / camel-geocoder | Supports looking up geocoders for an address, or reverse lookup geocoders from an address.
GitHub / camel-github | For interacting with GitHub
Google Guava EventBus / camel-guava-eventbus | The Google Guava EventBus allows publish-subscribe-style communication between components without requiring the components to explicitly register with one another (and thus be aware of each other). This component provides integration bridge between Camel and Google Guava EventBus infrastructure.
Hazelcast / camel-hazelcast | Hazelcast is a data grid entirely implemented in Java (single jar). This component supports map, multimap, seda, queue, set, atomic number and simple cluster support.
HBase / camel-hbase | For reading/writing from/to an HBase store (Hadoop database)
HDFS / camel-hdfs | For reading/writing from/to an HDFS filesystem using Hadoop 1.x
HDFS2 / camel-hdfs2 | For reading/writing from/to an HDFS filesystem using Hadoop 2.x
Hipchat / camel-hipchat | For sending/receiving messages to Hipchat using v2 API
HL7 / camel-hl7 | For working with the HL7 MLLP protocol and the HL7 model using the HAPI library
Infinispan / camel-infinispan | For reading/writing from/to Infinispan distributed key/value store and data grid
HTTP / camel-http | For calling out to external HTTP servers using Apache HTTP Client 3.x
HTTP4 / camel-http4 | For calling out to external HTTP servers using Apache HTTP Client 4.x
iBATIS / camel-ibatis | Performs a query, poll, insert, update or delete in a relational database using Apache iBATIS
IMAP / camel-mail | Receiving email using IMAP
IMAPS / camel-mail | ...
IRC / camel-irc | For IRC communication
JavaSpace / camel-javaspace | Sending and receiving messages through JavaSpace
jclouds / camel-jclouds | For interacting with cloud compute & blobstore service via jclouds
JCR / camel-jcr | Storing a message in a JCR compliant repository like Apache Jackrabbit
JDBC / camel-jdbc | For performing JDBC queries and operations
Jetty / camel-jetty | For exposing services over HTTP
JGroups / camel-jgroups | The `jgroups:` component provides exchange of messages between Camel infrastructure and JGroups clusters.
JIRA / camel-jira | For interacting with JIRA
JMS / camel-jms | Working with JMS providers
JMX / camel-jmx | For working with JMX notification listeners
JPA / camel-jpa | For using a database as a queue via the JPA specification for working with OpenJPA, Hibernate or TopLink
Jsch / camel-jsch | Support for the scp protocol
JT/400 / camel-jt400 | For integrating with data queues on an AS/400 (aka System i, IBM i, i5, ...) system
Kafka / camel-kafka | For producing to or consuming from Apache Kafka message brokers.
Kestrel / camel-kestrel | For producing to or consuming from Kestrel queues
Krati / camel-krati | For producing to or consuming to Krati datastores
K ura / camel-kura | For deploying Camel OSGi routes into the Eclipse Kura M2M container.
Language / camel-core | Executes Languages scripts
LDAP / camel-ldap | Performing searches on LDAP servers (<scope> must be one of object|onelevel|subtree)
LinkedIn / camel-linkedin | Component for retrieving LinkedIn user profiles, connections, companies, groups, posts, etc. using LinkedIn REST API.
Log / camel-core | Uses Jakarta Commons Logging to log the message exchange to some underlying logging system like log4j
Lucene / camel-lucene | Uses Apache Lucene to perform Java-based indexing and full text based searches using advanced analysis/tokenization capabilities
Metrics / camel-metrics | Uses Metrics to collect application statistics directly from Camel routes.
MINA / camel-mina | Working with Apache MINA 1.x
MINA2 / camel-mina2 | Working with Apache MINA 2.x
Mock / camel-core | For testing routes and mediation rules using mocks
MongoDB / camel-mongodb | Interacts with MongoDB databases and collections. Offers producer endpoints to perform CRUD-style operations and more against databases and collections, as well as consumer endpoints to listen on collections and dispatch objects to Camel routes
MQTT / camel-mqtt | Component for communicating with MQTT M2M message brokers
MSV / camel-msv | Validates the payload of a message using the MSV Library
Mustache / camel-mustache | Generates a response using a Mustache template
MVEL / camel-mvel | Generates a response using an MVEL template
MyBatis / camel-mybatis | Performs a query, poll, insert, update or delete in a relational database using MyBatis
Nagios / camel-nagios | Sending passive checks to Nagios using JSendNSCA
Netty / camel-netty | Working with TCP and UDP protocols using Java NIO based capabilities offered by the Netty project
Netty4 / camel-netty4 | Working with TCP and UDP protocols using Java NIO based capabilities offered by the Netty project
Netty HTTP / camel-netty-http | Netty HTTP server and client using the Netty project
Netty4 HTTP / camel-netty4-http | Netty HTTP server and client using the Netty project 4.x
Olingo2 / camel-olingo2 | Communicates with OData 2.0 services using Apache Olingo 2.0.
O penshift / camel-openshift | To manage your Openshift applications.
OptaPlanner / camel-optaplanner | Solves the planning problem contained in a message with OptaPlanner.
Paho / camel-paho | Paho component provides connector for the MQTT messaging protocol using the Paho library.
Pax-Logging / camel-paxlogging | Receiving Pax-Logging events in OSGi
PDF / camel-pdf | Allows to work with Apache PDFBox PDF documents
PGEvent / camel-pgevent | Allows for Producing/Consuming PostgreSQL events related to the LISTEN/NOTIFY commands added since PostgreSQL 8.3

POP3 / camel-mail | Receiving email using POP3 and JavaMail
POP3S / camel-mail | ...
Printer / camel-printer | The printer component facilitates creation of printer endpoints to local, remote and wireless printers. The endpoints provide the ability to print camel directed payloads when utilized on camel routes.
Properties / camel-core | The properties component facilitates using property placeholders directly in endpoint uri definitions.
Quartz / camel-quartz | Provides a scheduled delivery of messages using the Quartz 1.x scheduler
Quartz2 / camel-quartz2 | Provides a scheduled delivery of messages using the Quartz 2.x scheduler
Quickfix / camel-quickfix | Implementation of the QuickFix for Java engine which allow to send/receive FIX messages
RabbitMQ / camel-rabbitmq | Component for integrating with RabbitMQ
Ref / camel-core | Component for lookup of existing endpoints bound in the Registry.
Rest / camel-core | Component for consuming Restful resources supporting the Rest DSL and plugins to other Camel rest components.
Restlet / camel-restlet | Component for consuming and producing Restful resources using Restlet
RMI / camel-rmi | Working with RMI
RNC / camel-jing | Validates the payload of a message using RelaxNG Compact Syntax
RNG / camel-jing | Validates the payload of a message using RelaxNG
Routebox / camel-routebox | Facilitates the creation of specialized endpoints that offer encapsulation and a strategy/map based indirection service to a collection of camel routes hosted in an automatically created or user injected camel context
RSS / camel-rss | Working with ROME for RSS integration, such as consuming an RSS feed.
Salesforce / camel-salesforce | To integrate with Salesforce
SAP NetWeaver / camel-sap-netweaver | To integrate with SAP NetWeaver Gateway
Scheduler / camel-core | Used to generate message exchanges when a scheduler fires. The scheduler has more functionality than the timer component.
schematron / camel-schematron | Camel component of Schematron which supports to validate the XML instance documents.
SEDA / camel-core | Asynchronous call to another endpoint in the same Camel Context
SERVLET / camel-servlet | For exposing services over HTTP through the servlet which is deployed into the Web container.
SFTP / camel-ftp | Sending and receiving files over SFTP (FTP over SSH).
Sip / camel-sip | Publish/Subscribe communication capability using the Telecom SIP protocol. RFC3903 - Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event
SIPS / camel-sip | ...
SJMS / camel-sjms | A ground up implementation of a JMS client
SJMS Batch / camel-sjms | A specialized JMS component for highly-performant transactional batch consumption from a queue.
Slack / camel-slack | The slack component allows you to connect to an instance of Slack and delivers a message contained in the message body via a pre established Slack incoming webhook.
SMTP / camel-mail | Sending email using SMTP and JavaMail
SMTP / camel-mail | ...
SMPP / camel-smpp | To send and receive SMS using Short Messaging Service Center using the JSMPP library
SMPPS / camel-smpp | ...
SNMP / camel-snmp | Polling OID values and receiving traps using SNMP via SNMP4J library
Solr / camel-solr | Uses the Solrj client API to interface with an Apache Lucene Solr server
Spark-rest / camel-spark-rest | For easily defining REST services endpoints using Spark REST Java library.
Splunk / camel-splunk | For working with Splunk
SpringBatch / camel-spring-batch | To bridge Camel and Spring Batch
SpringIntegration / camel-spring-integration | The bridge component of Camel and Spring Integration
Spring LDAP / camel-spring-ldap | Camel wrapper for Spring LDAP
Spring Redis / camel-spring-redis | Component for consuming and producing from Redis key-value store Redis
Spring Web Services / camel-spring-ws | Client-side support for accessing web services, and server-side support for creating your own contract-first web services using Spring Web Services
SQL / camel-sql | Performing SQL queries using JDBC
SSH component / camel-ssh | For sending commands to a SSH server
StAX / camel-stax | Process messages through a SAX ContentHandler.
Stream / camel-stream | Read or write to an input/output/error/file stream rather like unix pipes
Stomp / camel-stomp | For communicating with Stomp compliant message brokers, like Apache ActiveMQ or ActiveMQ Apollo
StringTemplate / camel-stringtemplate | Generates a response using a String Template
Stub / camel-core | Allows you to stub out some physical middleware endpoint for easier testing or debugging
Test / camel-spring | Creates a Mock endpoint which expects to receive all the message bodies that could be polled from the given underlying endpoint
Timer / camel-core | Used to generate message exchanges when a timer fires You can only consume events from this endpoint.
Twitter / camel-twitter | A twitter endpoint
Undertow / camel-undertow | HTTP server and client using the light-weight Undertow server.
Validation / camel-core (camel-spring for Camel 2.8 or older) | Validates the payload of a message using XML Schema and JAXP Validation
Velocity / camel-velocity | Generates a response using an Apache Velocity template
Vertx / camel-vertx | Working with the vertx event bus
VM / camel-core | Asynchronous call to another endpoint in the same JVM
Weather / camel-weather | Polls the weather information from Open Weather Map
Websocket / camel-websocket | Communicating with Websocket clients
XML Security / camel-xmlsecurity | Used to sign and verify exchanges using the XML signature specification.
XMPP / camel-xmpp | Working with XMPP and Jabber
XQuery / camel-saxon | Generates a response using an XQuery template
XSLT / camel-core (camel-spring for Camel 2.8 or older) | Generates a response using an XSLT template
Yammer / camel-yammer | Allows you to interact with the Yammer enterprise social network
Zookeeper / camel-zookeeper | Working with ZooKeeper cluster(s)

### URI's for external components

Other projects and companies have also created Camel components to integrate additional functionality into Camel. These components may be provided under licenses that are not compatible with the Apache License, use libraries that are not compatible, etc... These components are not supported by the Camel team, but we provide links here to help users find the additional functionality.

Component / ArtifactId / URI | License | Description
--- | --- | ---
ActiveMQ / activemq-camel | Apache | For JMS Messaging with Apache ActiveMQ
ActiveMQ Broker / activemq-camel | Apache | For internal message routing in the ActiveMQ broker using Camel.
Activiti / activiti-camel | Apache | For working with Activiti, a light-weight workflow and Business Process Management (BPM) platform which supports BPMN 2
Couchbase / camel-couchbase in camel-extra | Couchbase | Working with Couchbase NoSQL document database
Db4o / camel-db4o in camel-extra | GPL | For using a db4o datastore as a queue via the db4o library
Esper / camel-esper in camel-extra | GPL | Working with the Esper Library for Event Stream Processing
Fabric AMQ / mq-fabric-camel in f abric8 | Apache | The amq: endpoint works exactly like the activemq: endpoint in Apache Camel; only it uses the fabric to automatically discover the broker. So there is no configuration required; it'll just work out of the box and automatically discover whatever ActiveMQ message brokers are available; with failover and load balancing.
Fabric Fabric / fabric-camel in f abric8 | Apache | The fabric: endpoint uses Fabric's discovery mechanism to expose physical sockets, HTTP endpoints, etc. into the runtime registry using a logical name so that clients can use the existing Camel Load Balancer.
Fabric Master / fabric-camel in f abric8 | Apache | The master: endpoint provides a way to ensure only a single consumer in a cluster consumes from a given endpoint; with automatic failover if that JVM dies.
Hibernate / camel-hibernate in camel-extra | GPL | For using a database as a queue via the Hibernate library
JBI / servicemix-camel | Apache | For JBI integration such as working with Apache ServiceMix
JCIFS / camel-jcifs in camel-extra | LGPL | This component provides access to remote file systems over the CIFS/SMB networking protocol by using the JCIFS library.
NMR / servicemix-nmr | Apache | Integration with the Normalized Message Router BUS in ServiceMix 4.x
pi4j-gpio / camel-pi4j in Camel IoT Labs | Apache | GPIO Component for RaspberryPi
pi4j-i2c / camel-pi4j in Camel IoT Labs | Apache | i2c Component for RaspberryPi
PubNub / camel-pubnub in Camel IoT Labs | Apache | Camel PubNub component.
RCode / camel-rcode in camel-extra | LGPL | Uses Rserve to integrate Camel with the statistics environment R
Scalate / scalate-camel | Apache | Uses the given Scalate template to transform the message
Smooks / camel-smooks in camel-extra. | GPL | For working with EDI parsing using the Smooks library. This component is deprecated as Smooks now provides Camel integration out of the box
Spring Neo4j / camel-spring-neo4j in camel-extra | to bee clarified | Component for producing to Neo4j datastore using the Spring Data Neo4j library
Tinkerforge / camel-tinkerforge in Camel IoT Labs | Apache | The tinkerforge component allows interaction with Tinkerforge bricklets. It uses the standard Java bindings to connects to brickd.
VirtualBox / camel-virtualbox in camel-extra. | GPL V2 | The VitualBox component uses the webservice API that exposes VirtualBox functionality and consumes events generated by virtual machines.
ZeroMQ / camel-zeromq in camel-extra. | LGPL | The ZeroMQ component allows you to consumer or produce messages using ZeroMQ.

For a full details of the individual components see the Component Appendix

# Enterprise Integration Patterns

Camel supports most of the Enterprise Integration Patterns from the excellent book of the same name by Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf. Its a highly recommended book, particularly for users of Camel.

## Pattern Index

There now follows a list of the Enterprise Integration Patterns from the book along with examples of the various patterns using Apache Camel

### Messaging Systems

| Message Channel | How does one application communicate with another using messaging?
| Message | How can two applications connected by a message channel exchange a piece of information?
| Pipes and Filters | How can we perform complex processing on a message while maintaining independence and flexibility?
| Message Router | How can you decouple individual processing steps so that messages can be passed to different filters depending on a set of conditions?
| Message Translator | How can systems using different data formats communicate with each other using messaging?
| Message Endpoint | How does an application connect to a messaging channel to send and receive messages?

### Messaging Channels

| Point to Point Channel | How can the caller be sure that exactly one receiver will receive the document or perform the call?
| Publish Subscribe Channel | How can the sender broadcast an event to all interested receivers?
| Dead Letter Channel | What will the messaging system do with a message it cannot deliver?
| Guaranteed Delivery | How can the sender make sure that a message will be delivered, even if the messaging system fails?
| Message Bus | What is an architecture that enables separate applications to work together, but in a de-coupled fashion such that applications can be easily added or removed without affecting the others?

### Message Construction

| Event Message | How can messaging be used to transmit events from one application to another?
| Request Reply | When an application sends a message, how can it get a response from the receiver?
| Correlation Identifier | How does a requestor that has received a reply know which request this is the reply for?
| Return Address | How does a replier know where to send the reply?

### Message Routing

| Content Based Router | How do we handle a situation where the implementation of a single logical function (e.g., inventory check) is spread across multiple physical systems?
| Message Filter | How can a component avoid receiving uninteresting messages?
| Dynamic Router | How can you avoid the dependency of the router on all possible destinations while maintaining its efficiency?
| Recipient List | How do we route a message to a list of (static or dynamically) specified recipients?
| Splitter | How can we process a message if it contains multiple elements, each of which may have to be processed in a different way?
| Aggregator | How do we combine the results of individual, but related messages so that they can be processed as a whole?
| Resequencer | How can we get a stream of related but out-of-sequence messages back into the correct order?
| Composed Message Processor | How can you maintain the overall message flow when processing a message consisting of multiple elements, each of which may require different processing?
| Scatter-Gather | How do you maintain the overall message flow when a message needs to be sent to multiple recipients, each of which may send a reply?
| Routing Slip | How do we route a message consecutively through a series of processing steps when the sequence of steps is not known at design-time and may vary for each message?
| Throttler | How can I throttle messages to ensure that a specific endpoint does not get overloaded, or we don't exceed an agreed SLA with some external service?
| Sampling | How can I sample one message out of many in a given period to avoid downstream route does not get overloaded?
| Delayer | How can I delay the sending of a message?
| Load Balancer | How can I balance load across a number of endpoints?
| Multicast | How can I route a message to a number of endpoints at the same time?
| Loop | How can I repeat processing a message in a loop?

### Message Transformation

| Content Enricher | How do we communicate with another system if the message originator does not have all the required data items available?
| Content Filter | How do you simplify dealing with a large message, when you are interested only in a few data items?
| Claim Check | How can we reduce the data volume of message sent across the system without sacrificing information content?
| Normalizer | How do you process messages that are semantically equivalent, but arrive in a different format?
| Sort | How can I sort the body of a message?
| Script | How do I execute a script which may not change the message?
| Validate | How can I validate a message?

### Messaging Endpoints

| Messaging Mapper | How do you move data between domain objects and the messaging infrastructure while keeping the two independent of each other?
| Event Driven Consumer | How can an application automatically consume messages as they become available?
| Polling Consumer | How can an application consume a message when the application is ready?
| Competing Consumers | How can a messaging client process multiple messages concurrently?
| Message Dispatcher | How can multiple consumers on a single channel coordinate their message processing?
| Selective Consumer | How can a message consumer select which messages it wishes to receive?
| Durable Subscriber | How can a subscriber avoid missing messages while it's not listening for them?
| Idempotent Consumer | How can a message receiver deal with duplicate messages?
| Transactional Client | How can a client control its transactions with the messaging system?
| Messaging Gateway | How do you encapsulate access to the messaging system from the rest of the application?
| Service Activator | How can an application design a service to be invoked both via various messaging technologies and via non-messaging techniques?

### System Management

| ControlBus | How can we effectively administer a messaging system that is distributed across multiple platforms and a wide geographic area?
| Detour | How can you route a message through intermediate steps to perform validation, testing or debugging functions?
| Wire Tap | How do you inspect messages that travel on a point-to-point channel?
| Message History | How can we effectively analyze and debug the flow of messages in a loosely coupled system?
| Log | How can I log processing a message?

For a full breakdown of each pattern see the Book Pattern Appendix

# CookBook

This document describes various recipes for working with Camel

- Bean Integration describes how to work with beans and Camel in a loosely coupled way so that your beans do not have to depend on any Camel APIs
  - Annotation Based Expression Language binds expressions to method parameters
  - Bean Binding defines which methods are invoked and how the Message is converted into the parameters of the method when it is invoked
  - Bean Injection for injecting Camel related resources into your POJOs
  - Parameter Binding Annotations for extracting various headers, properties or payloads from a Message
  - POJO Consuming for consuming and possibly routing messages from Camel
  - POJO Producing for producing camel messages from your POJOs
  - RecipientList Annotation for creating a Recipient List from a POJO method
  - Using Exchange Pattern Annotations describes how pattern annotations can be used to change the behaviour of method invocations
- Hiding Middleware describes how to avoid your business logic being coupled to any particular middleware APIs allowing you to easily switch from in JVM SEDA to JMS, ActiveMQ, Hibernate, JPA, JDBC, iBatis or JavaSpace etc.
- Visualisation describes how to visualise your Enterprise Integration Patterns to help you understand your routing rules
- Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) for monitoring business processes across systems
- Extract Transform Load (ETL) to load data into systems or databases
- Testing for testing distributed and asynchronous systems using a messaging approach
  - Camel Test for creating test cases using a single Java class for all your configuration and routing
  - Spring Testing uses Spring Test together with either XML or Java Config to dependency inject your test classes
  - Guice uses Guice to dependency inject your test classes
- Templating is a great way to create service stubs to be able to test your system without some back end system.
- Database for working with databases
- Parallel Processing and Ordering on how using parallel processing and SEDA or JMS based load balancing can be achieved.
- Asynchronous Processing in Camel Routes.
- Implementing Virtual Topics on other JMS providers shows how to get the effect of Virtual Topics and avoid issues with JMS durable topics
- Camel Transport for CXF describes how to put the Camel context into the CXF transport layer.
- Fine Grained Control Over a Channel describes how to deliver a sequence of messages over a single channel and then stopping any more messages being sent over that channel. Typically used for sending data over a socket and then closing the socket.
- EventNotifier to log details about all sent Exchanges shows how to let Camels `EventNotifier` log all sent to endpoint events and how long time it took.
- Loading routes from XML files into an existing CamelContext.
- Using MDC logging with Camel
- Running Camel standalone and have it keep running shows how to keep Camel running when you run it standalone.
- Hazelcast Idempotent Repository Tutorial shows how to avoid to consume duplicated messages in a clustered environment.
- How to use Camel as a HTTP proxy between a client and server shows how to use Camel as a HTTP adapter/proxy between a client and HTTP service.

## Bean Integration

Camel supports the integration of beans and POJOs in a number of ways

### Annotations

If a bean is defined in Spring XML or scanned using the Spring component scanning mechanism and a <camelContext> is used or a `CamelBeanPostProcessor` then we process a number of Camel annotations to do various things such as injecting resources or producing, consuming or routing messages.

The following annotations is supported and inject by Camel's `CamelBeanPostProcessor`

Annotation | Description
--- | ---
`@EndpointInject` | To inject an endpoint, see more details at POJO Producing.
`@BeanInject` | Camel 2.13: To inject a bean obtained from the Registry. See Bean Injection.
`@PropertyInject` | Camel 2.12: To inject a value using property placeholder.
`@Produce` | To inject a producer to send message to an endpoint. See POJO Producing.
`@Consume` | To inject a consumer on a method. See POJO Consuming.

See more details at:

- POJO Consuming to consume and possibly route messages from Camel
- POJO Producing to make it easy to produce camel messages from your POJOs
- DynamicRouter Annotation for creating a Dynamic Router from a POJO method
- RecipientList Annotation for creating a Recipient List from a POJO method
- RoutingSlip Annotation for creating a Routing Slip for a POJO method
- Bean Injection to inject Camel related resources into your POJOs
- Using Exchange Pattern Annotations describes how the pattern annotations can be used to change the behaviour of method invocations with Spring Remoting or POJO Producing

Example

See the POJO Messaging Example for how to use the annotations for routing and messaging.

### Bean Component

The Bean component allows one to invoke a particular method. Alternately the Bean component supports the creation of a proxy via ProxyHelper to a Java interface; which the implementation just sends a message containing a BeanInvocation to some Camel endpoint.

### Spring Remoting

We support a Spring Remoting provider which uses Camel as the underlying transport mechanism. The nice thing about this approach is we can use any of the Camel transport Components to communicate between beans. It also means we can use Content Based Router and the other Enterprise Integration Patterns in between the beans; in particular we can use Message Translator to be able to convert what the on-the-wire messages look like in addition to adding various headers and so forth.

Bean binding

Whenever Camel invokes a bean method via one of the above methods (Bean component, Spring Remoting or POJO Consuming) then the Bean Binding mechanism is used to figure out what method to use (if it is not explicit) and how to bind the Message to the parameters possibly using the Parameter Binding Annotations or using a method name option.

### Annotation Based Expression Language

You can also use any of the Languages supported in Camel to bind expressions to method parameters when using Bean Integration. For example you can use any of these annotations:

Annotation | Description
--- | ---
@Bean | Inject a Bean expression
@BeanShell | Inject a BeanShell expression
@Constant | Inject a Constant expression
@EL | Inject an EL expression
@Groovy | Inject a Groovy expression
@Header | Inject a Header expression
@JavaScript | Inject a JavaScript expression
@MVEL | Inject a MVEL expression
@OGNL | Inject an OGNL expression
@PHP | Inject a PHP expression
@Python | Inject a Python expression
@Ruby | Inject a Ruby expression
@Simple | Inject an Simple expression
@XPath | Inject an XPath expression
@XQuery | Inject an XQuery expression

#### Example:

#### Advanced example using @Bean

And an example of using the the @Bean binding annotation, where you can use a POJO where you can do whatever java code you like:

And then we can have a spring bean with the id myCorrelationIdGenerator where we can compute the id.

The POJO MyIdGenerator has one public method that accepts two parameters. However we have also annotated this one with the @Header and @Body annotation to help Camel know what to bind here from the Message from the Exchange being processed.

Of course this could be simplified a lot if you for instance just have a simple id generator. But we wanted to demonstrate that you can use the Bean Binding annotations anywhere.

And finally we just need to remember to have our bean registered in the Spring Registry:

#### Example using Groovy

In this example we have an Exchange that has a User object stored in the in header. This User object has methods to get some user information. We want to use Groovy to inject an expression that extracts and concats the fullname of the user into the fullName parameter.

Groovy supports GStrings that is like a template where we can insert $ placeholders that will be evaluated by Groovy.

## Bean Binding

Bean Binding in Camel defines both which methods are invoked and also how the Message is converted into the parameters of the method when it is invoked.

### Choosing the method to invoke

The binding of a Camel Message to a bean method call can occur in different ways, in the following order of importance:

- if the message contains the header CamelBeanMethodName then that method is invoked, converting the body to the type of the method's argument.
  - From Camel 2.8 onwards you can qualify parameter types to select exactly which method to use among overloads with the same name (see below for more details).
  - From Camel 2.9 onwards you can specify parameter values directly in the method option (see below for more details).
- you can explicitly specify the method name in the DSL or when using POJO Consuming or POJO Producing
- if the bean has a method marked with the `@Handler` annotation, then that method is selected
- if the bean can be converted to a Processor using the Type Converter mechanism, then this is used to process the message. The ActiveMQ component uses this mechanism to allow any JMS MessageListener to be invoked directly by Camel without having to write any integration glue code. You can use the same mechanism to integrate Camel into any other messaging/remoting frameworks.
- if the body of the message can be converted to a BeanInvocation (the default payload used by the ProxyHelper) component - then that is used to invoke the method and pass its arguments
- otherwise the type of the body is used to find a matching method; an error is thrown if a single method cannot be chosen unambiguously.
- you can also use Exchange as the parameter itself, but then the return type must be void.
- if the bean class is private (or package-private), interface methods will be preferred (from Camel 2.9 onwards) since Camel can't invoke class methods on such beans

In cases where Camel cannot choose a method to invoke, an `AmbiguousMethodCallException` is thrown.

By default the return value is set on the outbound message body.

### Parameter binding

When a method has been chosen for invocation, Camel will bind to the parameters of the method.

The following Camel-specific types are automatically bound:

- `org.apache.camel.Exchange`
- `org.apache.camel.Message`
- `org.apache.camel.CamelContext`
- `org.apache.camel.TypeConverter`
- `org.apache.camel.spi.Registry`
- `java.lang.Exception`

So, if you declare any of these types, they will be provided by Camel. Note that `Exception` will bind to the caught exception of the Exchange - so it's often usable if you employ a Pojo to handle, e.g., an `onException` route.

What is most interesting is that Camel will also try to bind the body of the Exchange to the first parameter of the method signature (albeit not of any of the types above). So if, for instance, we declare a parameter as `String body`, then Camel will bind the IN body to this type. Camel will also automatically convert to the type declared in the method signature.

Let's review some examples:

Below is a simple method with a body binding. Camel will bind the IN body to the `body` parameter and convert it to a `String`.

In the following sample we got one of the automatically-bound types as well - for instance, a `Registry` that we can use to lookup beans.

We can use Exchange as well:

You can also have multiple types:

And imagine you use a Pojo to handle a given custom exception `InvalidOrderException` - we can then bind that as well:

Notice that we can bind to it even if we use a sub type of `java.lang.Exception` as Camel still knows it's an exception and can bind the cause (if any exists).

So what about headers and other stuff? Well now it gets a bit tricky - so we can use annotations to help us, or specify the binding in the method name option.
See the following sections for more detail.

### Binding Annotations

You can use the Parameter Binding Annotations to customize how parameter values are created from the Message

#### Examples

For example, a Bean such as:

Or the Exchange example. Notice that the return type must be void when there is only a single parameter of the type `org.apache.camel.Exchange`:

#### @Handler

You can mark a method in your bean with the @Handler annotation to indicate that this method should be used for Bean Binding.
This has an advantage as you need not specify a method name in the Camel route, and therefore do not run into problems after renaming the method in an IDE that can't find all its references.

### Parameter binding using method option

Available as of Camel 2.9

Camel uses the following rules to determine if it's a parameter value in the method option

- The value is either `true` or `false` which denotes a boolean value
- The value is a numeric value such as `123` or `7`
- The value is a String enclosed with either single or double quotes
- The value is null which denotes a `null` value
- It can be evaluated using the Simple language, which means you can use, e.g., body, header.foo and other Simple tokens. Notice the tokens must be enclosed with ${ }.

Any other value is consider to be a type declaration instead - see the next section about specifying types for overloaded methods.

When invoking a Bean you can instruct Camel to invoke a specific method by providing the method name:

Here we tell Camel to invoke the doSomething method - Camel handles the parameters' binding. Now suppose the method has 2 parameters, and the 2nd parameter is a boolean where we want to pass in a true value:

This is now possible in Camel 2.9 onwards:

In the example above, we defined the first parameter using the wild card symbol *, which tells Camel to bind this parameter to any type, and let Camel figure this out. The 2nd parameter has a fixed value of `true`. Instead of the wildcard symbol we can instruct Camel to use the message body as shown:

The syntax of the parameters is using the Simple expression language so we have to use ${ } placeholders in the body to refer to the message body.

If you want to pass in a `null` value, then you can explicit define this in the method option as shown below:

Specifying `null` as a parameter value instructs Camel to force passing a `null` value.

Besides the message body, you can pass in the message headers as a `java.util.Map`:

You can also pass in other fixed values besides booleans. For example, you can pass in a String and an integer:

In the example above, we invoke the echo method with two parameters. The first has the content 'World' (without quotes), and the 2nd has the value of 5.
Camel will automatically convert these values to the parameters' types.

Having the power of the Simple language allows us to bind to message headers and other values such as:

You can also use the OGNL support of the Simple expression language. Now suppose the message body is an object which has a method named `asXml`. To invoke the `asXml` method we can do as follows:

Instead of using `.bean` as shown in the examples above, you may want to use `.to` instead as shown:

### Using type qualifiers to select among overloaded methods

Available as of Camel 2.8

If you have a Bean with overloaded methods, you can now specify parameter types in the method name so Camel can match the method you intend to use.
Given the following bean:

MyBean

Then the `MyBean` has 2 overloaded methods with the names `hello` and `times`. So if we want to use the method which has 2 parameters we can do as follows in the Camel route:

Invoke 2 parameter method

We can also use a `*` as wildcard so we can just say we want to execute the method with 2 parameters we do

Invoke 2 parameter method using wildcard

By default Camel will match the type name using the simple name, e.g. any leading package name will be disregarded. However if you want to match using the FQN, then specify the FQN type and Camel will leverage that. So if you have a `com.foo.MyOrder` and you want to match against the FQN, and not the simple name "MyOrder", then follow this example:

Camel currently only supports either specifying parameter binding or type per parameter in the method name option. You cannot specify both at the same time, such as

This may change in the future.

### Bean Injection

We support the injection of various resources using @EndpointInject or @BeanInject. This can be used to inject

- Endpoint instances which can be used for testing when used with Mock endpoints; see the Spring Testing for an example.
- ProducerTemplate instances for POJO Producing
- client side proxies for POJO Producing which is a simple approach to Spring Remoting

#### Using @BeanInject

From Camel 2.13 onwards you can inject beans (obtained from the Registry) into your beans such as `RouteBuilder` classes.

For example to inject a bean named foo, you can enlist the bean in the Registry such as in a Spring XML file:

And then in a Java `RouteBuilder` class, you can inject the bean using `@BeanInject` as shown below:

If you omit the name, then Camel does a lookup by type, and injects the bean if there is exactly only one bean of that type enlisted in the Registry.

### Parameter Binding Annotations

camel-core

The annotations below are all part of camel-core and thus does not require camel-spring or Spring. These annotations can be used with the Bean component or when invoking beans in the DSL

Annotations can be used to define an Expression or to extract various headers, properties or payloads from a Message when invoking a bean method (see Bean Integration for more detail of how to invoke bean methods) together with being useful to help disambiguate which method to invoke.

If no annotations are used then Camel assumes that a single parameter is the body of the message. Camel will then use the Type Converter mechanism to convert from the expression value to the actual type of the parameter.

The core annotations are as follows

Annotation | Meaning | Parameter
--- | --- | ---
@Body | To bind to an inbound message body |
@ExchangeException | To bind to an Exception set on the exchange |
@Header | To bind to an inbound message header | String name of the header
@Headers | To bind to the Map of the inbound message headers |
@OutHeaders | To bind to the Map of the outbound message headers |
@Property | To bind to a named property on the exchange | String name of the property
@Properties | To bind to the property map on the exchange |
@Handler | Not part as a type parameter but stated in this table anyway to spread the good word that we have this annotation in Camel now. See more at Bean Binding. |

The follow annotations `@Headers`, `@OutHeaders` and `@Properties` binds to the backing `java.util.Map` so you can alter the content of these maps directly, for instance using the `put` method to add a new entry. See the OrderService class at Exception Clause for such an example. You can use `@Header("myHeader")` and `@Property("myProperty")` to access the backing `java.util.Map`.

### Example

In this example below we have a @Consume consumer (like message driven) that consumes JMS messages from the activemq queue. We use the @Header and @Body parameter binding annotations to bind from the JMSMessage to the method parameters.

In the above Camel will extract the value of Message.getJMSCorrelationID(), then using the Type Converter to adapt the value to the type of the parameter if required - it will inject the parameter value for the correlationID parameter. Then the payload of the message will be converted to a String and injected into the body parameter.

You don't necessarily need to use the @Consume annotation if you don't want to as you could also make use of the Camel DSL to route to the bean's method as well.

#### Using the DSL to invoke the bean method

Here is another example which does not use POJO Consuming annotations but instead uses the DSL to route messages to the bean method

The routing DSL then looks like this

Here myBean would be looked up in the Registry (such as JNDI or the Spring ApplicationContext), then the body of the message would be used to try figure out what method to call.

If you want to be explicit you can use

And here we have a nifty example for you to show some great power in Camel. You can mix and match the annotations with the normal parameters, so we can have this example with annotations and the Exchange also:

### Annotation Based Expression Language

You can also use any of the Languages supported in Camel to bind expressions to method parameters when using Bean Integration. For example you can use any of these annotations:

Annotation | Description
--- | ---
@Bean | Inject a Bean expression
@BeanShell | Inject a BeanShell expression
@Constant | Inject a Constant expression
@EL | Inject an EL expression
@Groovy | Inject a Groovy expression
@Header | Inject a Header expression
@JavaScript | Inject a JavaScript expression
@MVEL | Inject a MVEL expression
@OGNL | Inject an OGNL expression
@PHP | Inject a PHP expression
@Python | Inject a Python expression
@Ruby | Inject a Ruby expression
@Simple | Inject an Simple expression
@XPath | Inject an XPath expression
@XQuery | Inject an XQuery expression

#### Example:

#### Advanced example using @Bean

And an example of using the the @Bean binding annotation, where you can use a POJO where you can do whatever java code you like:

And then we can have a spring bean with the id myCorrelationIdGenerator where we can compute the id.

The POJO MyIdGenerator has one public method that accepts two parameters. However we have also annotated this one with the @Header and @Body annotation to help Camel know what to bind here from the Message from the Exchange being processed.

Of course this could be simplified a lot if you for instance just have a simple id generator. But we wanted to demonstrate that you can use the Bean Binding annotations anywhere.

And finally we just need to remember to have our bean registered in the Spring Registry:

#### Example using Groovy

In this example we have an Exchange that has a User object stored in the in header. This User object has methods to get some user information. We want to use Groovy to inject an expression that extracts and concats the fullname of the user into the fullName parameter.

Groovy supports GStrings that is like a template where we can insert $ placeholders that will be evaluated by Groovy.

#### @Consume

To consume a message you use the @Consume annotation to mark a particular method of a bean as being a consumer method. The uri of the annotation defines the Camel Endpoint to consume from.

e.g. lets invoke the `onCheese()` method with the String body of the inbound JMS message from ActiveMQ on the cheese queue; this will use the Type Converter to convert the JMS ObjectMessage or BytesMessage to a String - or just use a TextMessage from JMS

The Bean Binding is then used to convert the inbound Message to the parameter list used to invoke the method .

What this does is basically create a route that looks kinda like this

When using more than one CamelContext

When you use more than 1 CamelContext you might end up with each of them creating a POJO Consuming; therefore use the option `context` on @Consume that allows you to specify which CamelContext id/name you want it to apply for.

### Using context option to apply only a certain CamelContext

See the warning above.

You can use the `context` option to specify which CamelContext the consumer should only apply for. For example:

The consumer above will only be created for the CamelContext that have the context id = `camel-1`. You set this id in the XML tag:

#### Using an explicit route

If you want to invoke a bean method from many different endpoints or within different complex routes in different circumstances you can just use the normal routing DSL or the Spring XML configuration file.

For example

which will then look up in the Registry and find the bean and invoke the given bean name. (You can omit the method name and have Camel figure out the right method based on the method annotations and body type).

#### Use the Bean endpoint

You can always use the bean endpoint

#### Using a property to define the endpoint

Available as of Camel 2.11

The following annotations @Consume, @Produce, @EndpointInject, now offers a `property` attribute you can use to define the endpoint as a property on the bean. Then Camel will use the getter method to access the property.

This applies for them all

The explanation below applies for all the three annotations, eg @Consume, @Produce, and @EndpointInject

For example

The bean `MyService` has a property named `serviceEndpoint` which has getter/setter for the property. Now we want to use the bean for POJO Consuming, and hence why we use @Consume in the onService method. Notice how we use the `property = "serviceEndpoint` to configure the property that has the endpoint url.

If you define the bean in Spring XML or Blueprint, then you can configure the property as follows:

This allows you to configure the bean using any standard IoC style.

Camel offers a naming convention which allows you to not have to explicit name the property.
Camel uses this algorithm to find the getter method. The method must be a getXXX method.

1. Use the property name if explicit given
2. If no property name was configured, then use the method name
3. Try to get the property with name*Endpoint* (eg with Endpoint as postfix)
4. Try to get the property with the name as is (eg no postfix or postfix)
5. If the property name starts with on then omit that, and try step 3 and 4 again.

So in the example above, we could have defined the @Consume annotation as

Now the property is named 'service' which then would match step 3 from the algorithm, and have Camel invoke the getServiceEndpoint method.

We could also have omitted the property attribute, to make it implicit

Now Camel matches step 5, and loses the prefix on in the name, and looks for 'service' as the property. And because there is a getServiceEndpoint method, Camel will use that.

#### Which approach to use?

Using the @Consume annotations are simpler when you are creating a simple route with a single well defined input URI.

However if you require more complex routes or the same bean method needs to be invoked from many places then please use the routing DSL as shown above.

There are two different ways to send messages to any Camel Endpoint from a POJO

#### @EndpointInject

To allow sending of messages from POJOs you can use the @EndpointInject annotation. This will inject a ProducerTemplate so that the bean can participate in message exchanges.

e.g. lets send a message to the foo.bar queue in ActiveMQ at some point

The downside of this is that your code is now dependent on a Camel API, the ProducerTemplate. The next section describes how to remove this

See POJO Consuming for how to use a property on the bean as endpoint configuration, eg using the `property` attribute on @Produce, @EndpointInject.

### Hiding the Camel APIs from your code using @Produce

We recommend Hiding Middleware APIs from your application code so the next option might be more suitable.
You can add the @Produce annotation to an injection point (a field or property setter) using a ProducerTemplate or using some interface you use in your business logic. e.g.

Here Camel will automatically inject a smart client side proxy at the @Produce annotation - an instance of the MyListener instance. When we invoke methods on this interface the method call is turned into an object and using the Camel Spring Remoting mechanism it is sent to the endpoint - in this case the ActiveMQ endpoint to queue foo; then the caller blocks for a response.

If you want to make asynchronous message sends then use an @InOnly annotation on the injection point.

## @RecipientList Annotation

We support the use of @RecipientList on a bean method to easily create a dynamic Recipient List using a Java method.

### Simple Example using @Consume and @RecipientList

For example if the above bean is configured in Spring when using a <camelContext> element as follows

then a route will be created consuming from the foo queue on the ActiveMQ component which when a message is received the message will be forwarded to the endpoints defined by the result of this method call - namely the bar and whatnot queues.

### How it works

The return value of the @RecipientList method is converted to either a java.util.Collection / java.util.Iterator or array of objects where each element is converted to an Endpoint or a String, or if you are only going to route to a single endpoint then just return either an Endpoint object or an object that can be converted to a String. So the following methods are all valid

Then for each endpoint or URI the message is forwarded a separate copy to that endpoint.

You can then use whatever Java code you wish to figure out what endpoints to route to; for example you can use the Bean Binding annotations to inject parts of the message body or headers or use Expression values on the message.

### More Complex Example Using DSL

In this example we will use more complex Bean Binding, plus we will use a separate route to invoke the Recipient List

Notice how we are injecting some headers or expressions and using them to determine the recipients using Recipient List EIP.
See the Bean Integration for more details.

## Using Exchange Pattern Annotations

When working with POJO Producing or Spring Remoting you invoke methods which typically by default are InOut for Request Reply. That is there is an In message and an Out for the result. Typically invoking this operation will be synchronous, the caller will block until the server returns a result.

Camel has flexible Exchange Pattern support - so you can also support the Event Message pattern to use InOnly for asynchronous or one way operations. These are often called 'fire and forget' like sending a JMS message but not waiting for any response.

From 1.5 onwards Camel supports annotations for specifying the message exchange pattern on regular Java methods, classes or interfaces.

### Specifying InOnly methods

Typically the default InOut is what most folks want but you can customize to use InOnly using an annotation.

The above code shows three methods on an interface; the first two use the default InOut mechanism but the someInOnlyMethod uses the InOnly annotation to specify it as being a oneway method call.

### Class level annotations

You can also use class level annotations to default all methods in an interface to some pattern such as

Annotations will also be detected on base classes or interfaces. So for example if you created a client side proxy for

Then the methods inherited from Foo would be InOnly.

### Overloading a class level annotation

You can overload a class level annotation on specific methods. A common use case for this is if you have a class or interface with many InOnly methods but you want to just annote one or two methods as InOut

In the above Foo interface the someInOutMethod will be InOut

### Using your own annotations

You might want to create your own annotations to represent a group of different bits of metadata; such as combining synchrony, concurrency and transaction behaviour.

So you could annotate your annotation with the @Pattern annotation to default the exchange pattern you wish to use.

For example lets say we want to create our own annotation called @MyAsyncService

Now we can use this annotation and Camel will figure out the correct exchange pattern...

When writing software these days, its important to try and decouple as much middleware code from your business logic as possible.

This provides a number of benefits...

- you can choose the right middleware solution for your deployment and switch at any time
- you don't have to spend a large amount of time learning the specifics of any particular technology, whether its JMS or JavaSpace or Hibernate or JPA or iBatis whatever

For example if you want to implement some kind of message passing, remoting, reliable load balancing or asynchronous processing in your application we recommend you use Camel annotations to bind your services and business logic to Camel Components which means you can then easily switch between things like

- in JVM messaging with SEDA
- using JMS via ActiveMQ or other JMS providers for reliable load balancing, grid or publish and subscribe
- for low volume, but easier administration since you're probably already using a database you could use
  - Hibernate or JPA to use an entity bean / table as a queue
  - iBatis to work with SQL
  - JDBC for raw SQL access
- use JavaSpace

### How to decouple from middleware APIs

The best approach when using remoting is to use Spring Remoting which can then use any messaging or remoting technology under the covers. When using Camel's implementation you can then use any of the Camel Components along with any of the Enterprise Integration Patterns.

Another approach is to bind Java beans to Camel endpoints via the Bean Integration. For example using POJO Consuming and POJO Producing you can avoid using any Camel APIs to decouple your code both from middleware APIs and Camel APIs!

## Visualisation

This functionality is deprecated and to be removed in future Camel releases.

Camel supports the visualisation of your Enterprise Integration Patterns using the GraphViz DOT files which can either be rendered directly via a suitable GraphViz tool or turned into HTML, PNG or SVG files via the Camel Maven Plugin.

Here is a typical example of the kind of thing we can generate

If you click on the actual generated htmlyou will see that you can navigate from an EIP node to its pattern page, along with getting hover-over tool tips ec.

### How to generate

See Camel Dot Maven Goal or the other maven goals Camel Maven Plugin

### For OS X users

If you are using OS X then you can open the DOT file using graphviz which will then automatically re-render if it changes, so you end up with a real time graphical representation of the topic and queue hierarchies!

Also if you want to edit the layout a little before adding it to a wiki to distribute to your team, open the DOT file with OmniGraffle then just edit away

## Business Activity Monitoring

The Camel BAM module provides a Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) framework for testing business processes across multiple message exchanges on different Endpoint instances.

Consider, for example, a simple system in which you submit Purchase Orders into system A and then receive Invoices from system B. You might want to test that, for a given Purchase Order, you receive a matching Invoice from system B within a specific time period.

### How Camel BAM Works

Camel BAM uses a Correlation Identifier on an input message to determine the Process Instance to which it belongs. The process instance is an entity bean which can maintain state for each Activity (where an activity typically maps to a single endpoint - such as the submission of Purchase Orders or the receipt of Invoices).

You can then add rules to be triggered when a message is received on any activity - such as to set time expectations or perform real time reconciliation of values across activities.

### Simple Example

The following example shows how to perform some time based rules on a simple business process of 2 activities - A and B - which correspond with Purchase Orders and Invoices in the example above. If you would like to experiment with this scenario, you may edit this Test Case, which defines the activities and rules, and then tests that they work.

As you can see in the above example, we first define two activities, and then rules to specify when we expect them to complete for a process instance and when an error condition should be raised.p. The ProcessBuilder is a RouteBuilder and can be added to any CamelContext.

### Complete Example

For a complete example please see the BAM Example, which is part of the standard Camel Examples

### Use Cases

In the world of finance, a common requirement is tracking trades. Often a trader will submit a Front Office Trade which then flows through the Middle Office and Back Office through various systems to settle the trade so that money is exchanged. You may wish to test that the front and back office trades match up within a certain time period; if they don't match or a back office trade does not arrive within a required amount of time, you might signal an alarm.

## Extract Transform Load (ETL)

The ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) is a mechanism for loading data into systems or databases using some kind of Data Format from a variety of sources; often files then using Pipes and Filters, Message Translator and possible other Enterprise Integration Patterns.

So you could query data from various Camel Components such as File, HTTP or JPA, perform multiple patterns such as Splitter or Message Translator then send the messages to some other Component.

To show how this all fits together, try the ETL Example

## Mock Component

Testing of distributed and asynchronous processing is notoriously difficult. The Mock, Test and DataSet endpoints work great with the Camel Testing Framework to simplify your unit and integration testing using Enterprise Integration Patterns and Camel's large range of Components together with the powerful Bean Integration.

The Mock component provides a powerful declarative testing mechanism, which is similar to jMock in that it allows declarative expectations to be created on any Mock endpoint before a test begins. Then the test is run, which typically fires messages to one or more endpoints, and finally the expectations can be asserted in a test case to ensure the system worked as expected.

This allows you to test various things like:

- The correct number of messages are received on each endpoint,
- The correct payloads are received, in the right order,
- Messages arrive on an endpoint in order, using some Expression to create an order testing function,
- Messages arrive match some kind of Predicate such as that specific headers have certain values, or that parts of the messages match some predicate, such as by evaluating an XPath or XQuery Expression.

Note that there is also the Test endpoint which is a Mock endpoint, but which uses a second endpoint to provide the list of expected message bodies and automatically sets up the Mock endpoint assertions. In other words, it's a Mock endpoint that automatically sets up its assertions from some sample messages in a File or database, for example.

Mock endpoints keep received Exchanges in memory indefinitely

Remember that Mock is designed for testing. When you add Mock endpoints to a route, each Exchange sent to the endpoint will be stored (to allow for later validation) in memory until explicitly reset or the JVM is restarted. If you are sending high volume and/or large messages, this may cause excessive memory use. If your goal is to test deployable routes inline, consider using NotifyBuilder or AdviceWith in your tests instead of adding Mock endpoints to routes directly.

From Camel 2.10 onwards there are two new options `retainFirst`, and `retainLast` that can be used to limit the number of messages the Mock endpoints keep in memory.

### URI format

Where someName can be any string that uniquely identifies the endpoint.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`reportGroup` | `null` | A size to use a throughput logger for reporting
`retainFirst` |  | Camel 2.10: To only keep first X number of messages in memory.
`retainLast` |  | Camel 2.10: To only keep last X number of messages in memory.

### Simple Example

Here's a simple example of Mock endpoint in use. First, the endpoint is resolved on the context. Then we set an expectation, and then, after the test has run, we assert that our expectations have been met.

You typically always call the assertIsSatisfied() method to test that the expectations were met after running a test.

Camel will by default wait 10 seconds when the `assertIsSatisfied()` is invoked. This can be configured by setting the `setResultWaitTime(millis)` method.

#### Using assertPeriod

Available as of Camel 2.7
When the assertion is satisfied then Camel will stop waiting and continue from the `assertIsSatisfied` method. That means if a new message arrives on the mock endpoint, just a bit later, that arrival will not affect the outcome of the assertion. Suppose you do want to test that no new messages arrives after a period thereafter, then you can do that by setting the `setAssertPeriod` method, for example:

### Setting expectations

You can see from the javadoc of MockEndpoint the various helper methods you can use to set expectations. The main methods are as follows:

Method | Description
--- | ---
expectedMessageCount(int) | To define the expected message count on the endpoint.
expectedMinimumMessageCount(int) | To define the minimum number of expected messages on the endpoint.
expectedBodiesReceived(...) | To define the expected bodies that should be received (in order).
expectedHeaderReceived(...) | To define the expected header that should be received
expectsAscending(Expression) | To add an expectation that messages are received in order, using the given Expression to compare messages.
expectsDescending(Expression) | To add an expectation that messages are received in order, using the given Expression to compare messages.
expectsNoDuplicates(Expression) | To add an expectation that no duplicate messages are received; using an Expression to calculate a unique identifier for each message. This could be something like the `JMSMessageID` if using JMS, or some unique reference number within the message.

Here's another example:

#### Adding expectations to specific messages

In addition, you can use the message(int messageIndex) method to add assertions about a specific message that is received.

For example, to add expectations of the headers or body of the first message (using zero-based indexing like `java.util.List`), you can use the following code:

There are some examples of the Mock endpoint in use in the camel-core processor tests.

### Mocking existing endpoints

Available as of Camel 2.7

Camel now allows you to automatically mock existing endpoints in your Camel routes.

How it works

Important: The endpoints are still in action. What happens differently is that a Mock endpoint is injected and receives the message first and then delegates the message to the target endpoint. You can view this as a kind of intercept and delegate or endpoint listener.

Suppose you have the given route below:

Route

You can then use the `adviceWith` feature in Camel to mock all the endpoints in a given route from your unit test, as shown below:

adviceWith mocking all endpoints

Notice that the mock endpoints is given the uri `mock:<endpoint>`, for example `mock:direct:foo`. Camel logs at `INFO` level the endpoints being mocked:

Mocked endpoints are without parameters

Endpoints which are mocked will have their parameters stripped off. For example the endpoint "log:foo?showAll=true" will be mocked to the following endpoint "mock:log:foo". Notice the parameters have been removed.

Its also possible to only mock certain endpoints using a pattern. For example to mock all `log` endpoints you do as shown:

adviceWith mocking only log endpoints using a pattern

The pattern supported can be a wildcard or a regular expression. See more details about this at Intercept as its the same matching function used by Camel.

Mind that mocking endpoints causes the messages to be copied when they arrive on the mock.
That means Camel will use more memory. This may not be suitable when you send in a lot of messages.

#### Mocking existing endpoints using the `camel-test` component

Instead of using the `adviceWith` to instruct Camel to mock endpoints, you can easily enable this behavior when using the `camel-test` Test Kit.
The same route can be tested as follows. Notice that we return `"*"` from the `isMockEndpoints` method, which tells Camel to mock all endpoints.
If you only want to mock all `log` endpoints you can return `"log*"` instead.

isMockEndpoints using camel-test kit

#### Mocking existing endpoints with XML DSL

If you do not use the `camel-test` component for unit testing (as shown above) you can use a different approach when using XML files for routes.
The solution is to create a new XML file used by the unit test and then include the intended XML file which has the route you want to test.

Suppose we have the route in the `camel-route.xml` file:

camel-route.xml

Then we create a new XML file as follows, where we include the `camel-route.xml` file and define a spring bean with the class `org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy` which tells Camel to mock all endpoints:

test-camel-route.xml

Then in your unit test you load the new XML file (`test-camel-route.xml`) instead of `camel-route.xml`.

To only mock all Log endpoints you can define the pattern in the constructor for the bean:

#### Mocking endpoints and skip sending to original endpoint

Available as of Camel 2.10

Sometimes you want to easily mock and skip sending to a certain endpoints. So the message is detoured and send to the mock endpoint only. From Camel 2.10 onwards you can now use the `mockEndpointsAndSkip` method using AdviceWith or the Test Kit. The example below will skip sending to the two endpoints `"direct:foo"`, and `"direct:bar"`.

adviceWith mock and skip sending to endpoints

The same example using the Test Kit

isMockEndpointsAndSkip using camel-test kit

### Limiting the number of messages to keep

Available as of Camel 2.10

The Mock endpoints will by default keep a copy of every Exchange that it received. So if you test with a lot of messages, then it will consume memory.
From Camel 2.10 onwards we have introduced two options `retainFirst` and `retainLast` that can be used to specify to only keep N'th of the first and/or last Exchanges.

For example in the code below, we only want to retain a copy of the first 5 and last 5 Exchanges the mock receives.

Using this has some limitations. The `getExchanges()` and `getReceivedExchanges()` methods on the `MockEndpoint` will return only the retained copies of the Exchanges. So in the example above, the list will contain 10 Exchanges; the first five, and the last five.
The `retainFirst` and `retainLast` options also have limitations on which expectation methods you can use. For example the expectedXXX methods that work on message bodies, headers, etc. will only operate on the retained messages. In the example above they can test only the expectations on the 10 retained messages.

### Testing with arrival times

Available as of Camel 2.7

The Mock endpoint stores the arrival time of the message as a property on the Exchange.

You can use this information to know when the message arrived on the mock. But it also provides foundation to know the time interval between the previous and next message arrived on the mock. You can use this to set expectations using the `arrives` DSL on the Mock endpoint.

For example to say that the first message should arrive between 0-2 seconds before the next you can do:

You can also define this as that 2nd message (0 index based) should arrive no later than 0-2 seconds after the previous:

You can also use between to set a lower bound. For example suppose that it should be between 1-4 seconds:

You can also set the expectation on all messages, for example to say that the gap between them should be at most 1 second:

time units

In the example above we use `seconds` as the time unit, but Camel offers `milliseconds`, and `minutes` as well.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Spring Testing
- Testing

## Testing

Testing is a crucial activity in any piece of software development or integration. Typically Camel Riders use various different technologies wired together in a variety of patterns with different expression languages together with different forms of Bean Integration and Dependency Injection so its very easy for things to go wrong! . Testing is the crucial weapon to ensure that things work as you would expect.

Camel is a Java library so you can easily wire up tests in whatever unit testing framework you use (JUnit 3.x (deprecated), 4.x, or TestNG). However the Camel project has tried to make the testing of Camel as easy and powerful as possible so we have introduced the following features.

### Testing mechanisms

The following mechanisms are supported

Name | Component | Description
--- | --- | ---
Camel Test | `camel-test` | Is a standalone Java library letting you easily create Camel test cases using a single Java class for all your configuration and routing without using Spring or Guice for Dependency Injection which does not require an in-depth knowledge of Spring + Spring Test or Guice. Supports JUnit 3.x (deprecated) and JUnit 4.x based tests.
Spring Testing | `camel-test-spring` | Supports JUnit 3.x (deprecated) or JUnit 4.x based tests that bootstrap a test environment using Spring without needing to be familiar with Spring Test. The plain JUnit 3.x/4.x based tests work very similar to the test support classes in camel-test. Also supports Spring Test based tests that use the declarative style of test configuration and injection common in Spring Test. The Spring Test based tests provide feature parity with the plain JUnit 3.x/4.x based testing approach. Notice `camel-test-spring` is a new component in Camel 2.10 onwards. For older Camel release use `camel-test` which has built-in Spring Testing.
Blueprint Testing | `camel-test-blueprint` | Camel 2.10: Provides the ability to do unit testing on blueprint configurations
Guice | `camel-guice` | Uses Guice to dependency inject your test classes
Camel TestNG | camel-testng | Supports plain TestNG based tests with or without Spring or Guice for Dependency Injection which does not require an in-depth knowledge of Spring + Spring Test or Guice. Also from Camel 2.10 onwards, this component supports Spring Test based tests that use the declarative style of test configuration and injection common in Spring Test and described in more detail under Spring Testing.

In all approaches the test classes look pretty much the same in that they all reuse the Camel binding and injection annotations.

#### Camel Test Example

Here is the Camel Test example.

Notice how it derives from the Camel helper class CamelTestSupport but has no Spring or Guice dependency injection configuration but instead overrides the createRouteBuilder() method.

#### Spring Test with XML Config Example

Here is the Spring Testing example using XML Config.

Notice that we use @DirtiesContext on the test methods to force Spring Testing to automatically reload the CamelContext after each test method - this ensures that the tests don't clash with each other (e.g. one test method sending to an endpoint that is then reused in another test method).

Also notice the use of @ContextConfiguration to indicate that by default we should look for the FilterTest-context.xml on the classpath to configure the test case which looks like this

#### Spring Test with Java Config Example

Here is the Spring Testing example using Java Config.

For more information see Spring Java Config.

This is similar to the XML Config example above except that there is no XML file and instead the nested ContextConfig class does all of the configuration; so your entire test case is contained in a single Java class. We currently have to reference by class name this class in the @ContextConfiguration which is a bit ugly. Please vote for SJC-238 to address this and make Spring Test work more cleanly with Spring JavaConfig.

Its totally optional but for the ContextConfig implementation we derive from SingleRouteCamelConfiguration which is a helper Spring Java Config class which will configure the CamelContext for us and then register the RouteBuilder we create.

Since Camel 2.11.0 you can use the CamelSpringJUnit4ClassRunner with CamelSpringDelegatingTestContextLoader like example using Java Config with CamelSpringJUnit4ClassRunner.

.

#### Spring Test with XML Config and Declarative Configuration Example

Here is a Camel test support enhanced Spring Testing example using XML Config and pure Spring Test based configuration of the Camel Context.

Notice how a custom test runner is used with the @RunWith annotation to support the features of CamelTestSupport through annotations on the test class. See Spring Testing for a list of annotations you can use in your tests.

#### Blueprint Test

Here is the Blueprint Testing example using XML Config.

Also notice the use of `getBlueprintDescriptors` to indicate that by default we should look for the camelContext.xml in the package to configure the test case which looks like this

### Testing endpoints

Camel provides a number of endpoints which can make testing easier.

Name | Description
--- | ---
DataSet | For load & soak testing this endpoint provides a way to create huge numbers of messages for sending to Components and asserting that they are consumed correctly
Mock | For testing routes and mediation rules using mocks and allowing assertions to be added to an endpoint
Test | Creates a Mock endpoint which expects to receive all the message bodies that could be polled from the given underlying endpoint

The main endpoint is the Mock endpoint which allows expectations to be added to different endpoints; you can then run your tests and assert that your expectations are met at the end.

### Stubbing out physical transport technologies

If you wish to test out a route but want to avoid actually using a real physical transport (for example to unit test a transformation route rather than performing a full integration test) then the following endpoints can be useful.

Name | Description
--- | ---
Direct | Direct invocation of the consumer from the producer so that single threaded (non-SEDA) in VM invocation is performed which can be useful to mock out physical transports
SEDA | Delivers messages asynchonously to consumers via a java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue which is good for testing asynchronous transports
Stub | Works like SEDA but does not validate the endpoint uri, which makes stubbing much easier.

### Testing existing routes

Camel provides some features to aid during testing of existing routes where you cannot or will not use Mock etc. For example you may have a production ready route which you want to test with some 3rd party API which sends messages into this route.

Name | Description
--- | ---
NotifyBuilder | Allows you to be notified when a certain condition has occurred. For example when the route has completed 5 messages. You can build complex expressions to match your criteria when to be notified.
AdviceWith | Allows you to advice or enhance an existing route using a RouteBuilder style. For example you can add interceptors to intercept sending outgoing messages to assert those messages are as expected.

## Camel Test

As a simple alternative to using Spring Testing or Guice the camel-test module was introduced so you can perform powerful Testing of your Enterprise Integration Patterns easily.

The `camel-test` JAR is using JUnit. There is an alternative `camel-testng` JAR (Camel 2.8 onwards) using the TestNG test framework.

### Adding to your pom.xml

To get started using Camel Test you will need to add an entry to your pom.xml

#### JUnit

#### TestNG

Available as of Camel 2.8

You might also want to add slf4j and log4j to ensure nice logging messages (and maybe adding a log4j.properties file into your src/test/resources directory).

### Writing your test

You firstly need to derive from the class CamelTestSupport (org.apache.camel.test.CamelTestSupport, org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelTestSupport, or org.apache.camel.testng.CamelTestSupport for JUnit 3.x, JUnit 4.x, and TestNG, respectively) and typically you will need to override the createRouteBuilder() or createRouteBuilders() method to create routes to be tested.

Here is an example.

Notice how you can use the various Camel binding and injection annotations to inject individual Endpoint objects - particularly the Mock endpoints which are very useful for Testing. Also you can inject producer objects such as ProducerTemplate or some application code interface for sending messages or invoking services.

#### Features Provided by CamelTestSupport

The various CamelTestSupport classes provide a standard set of behaviors relating to the CamelContext used to host the route(s) under test. The classes provide a number of methods that allow a test to alter the configuration of the CamelContext used. The following table describes the available customization methods and the default behavior of tests that are built from a CamelTestSupport class.

Method Name | Description | Default Behavior
--- | --- | ---
boolean isUseRouteBuilder() | If the route builders from returned from createRouteBuilder() or createRouteBuilders() should be added to the CamelContext used in the test should be started. | Returns true. createRouteBuilder() or createRouteBuilders() are invoked and the CamelContext is started automatically.
boolean isUseAdviceWith() | If the CamelContext use in the test should be automatically started before test methods are invoked. Override when using advice with and return true. This helps in knowing the adviceWith is to be used, and the CamelContext will not be started before the advice with takes place. This delay helps by ensuring the advice with has been property setup before the CamelContext is started. Its important to start the CamelContext manually from the unit test after you are done doing all the advice with. | Returns false. the CamelContext is started automatically before test methods are invoked.
boolean isCreateCamelContextPerClass() | See Setup CamelContext once per class, or per every test method. | The CamelContext and routes are recreated for each test method.
String isMockEndpoints() | Triggers the auto-mocking of endpoints whose URIs match the provided filter. The default filter is null which disables this feature. Return "*" to match all endpoints. See org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy for more details on the registration of the mock endpoints. | Disabled
boolean isUseDebugger() | If this method returns true, the debugBefore(Exchange exchange, Processor processor, ProcessorDefinition<?> definition, String id, String label) and debugAfter(Exchange exchange, Processor processor, ProcessorDefinition<?> definition, String id, String label, long timeTaken) methods are invoked for each processor in the registered routes. | Disabled. The methods are not invoked during the test.
int getShutdownTimeout() | Returns the number of seconds that Camel should wait for graceful shutdown. Useful for decreasing test times when a message is still in flight at the end of the test. | Returns 10 seconds.
boolean useJmx() | If JMX should be disabled on the CamelContext used in the test. | JMX is disabled.
JndiRegistry createRegistry() | Provides a hook for adding objects into the registry. Override this method to bind objects to the registry before test methods are invoked. | An empty registry is initialized.
useOverridePropertiesWithPropertiesComponent | Camel 2.10: Allows to add/override properties when Using PropertyPlaceholder in Camel. | null
ignoreMissingLocationWithPropertiesComponent | Camel 2.10: Allows to control if Camel should ignore missing locations for properties. | null
boolean isDumpRouteCoverage | Camel 2.16: If enabled, then Camel will dump all route coverage statistics into XML files in the target/camel-route-coverage directory. These XML files contains information about "route coverage" of all the routes that was used during the unit test. This allows tooling to inspect these XML files and generate nice route coverage reports. | Disabled.

### JNDI

Camel uses a Registry to allow you to configure Component or Endpoint instances or Beans used in your routes. If you are not using Spring or OSGi then JNDI is used as the default registry implementation.

So you will also need to create a jndi.properties file in your src/test/resources directory so that there is a default registry available to initialise the CamelContext.

Here is an example jndi.properties file

### Dynamically assigning ports

Available as of Camel 2.7

Tests that use port numbers will fail if that port is already on use. `AvailablePortFinder` provides methods for finding unused port numbers at runtime.

### Setup CamelContext once per class, or per every test method

Available as of Camel 2.8

The Camel Test kit will by default setup and shutdown CamelContext per every test method in your test class. So for example if you have 3 test methods, then CamelContext is started and shutdown after each test, that is 3 times.

TestNG

This feature is also supported in camel-testng

Beware

When using this the CamelContext will keep state between tests, so have that in mind. So if your unit tests start to fail for no apparent reason, it could be due this fact. So use this feature with a bit of care.

You may want to do this once, to share the CamelContext between test methods, to speedup unit testing. This requires to use JUnit 4! In your unit test method you have to extend the `org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelTestSupport` or the `org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelSpringTestSupport` test class and override the `isCreateCamelContextPerClass` method and return `true` as shown in the following example:

Setup CamelContext once per class

### See Also

- Testing
- Mock
- Test

## Spring Testing

Testing is a crucial part of any development or integration work. The Spring Framework offers a number of features that makes it easy to test while using Spring for Inversion of Control which works with JUnit 3.x, JUnit 4.x, and TestNG.

We can use Spring for IoC and the Camel Mock and Test endpoints to create sophisticated integration/unit tests that are easy to run and debug inside your IDE. There are three supported approaches for testing with Spring in Camel.

Name | Testing Frameworks Supported | Description | Required Camel Test Dependencies
--- | --- | --- | ---
CamelSpringTestSupport | JUnit 3.x (deprecated) JUnit 4.x TestNG - Camel 2.8 | Provided by org.apache.camel.test.CamelSpringTestSupport, org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelSpringTestSupport, and org.apache.camel.testng.CamelSpringTestSupport. These base classes provide feature parity with the simple CamelTestSupport classes from Camel Test but do not support Spring annotations on the test class such as @Autowired, @DirtiesContext, and @ContextConfiguration. | JUnit 3.x (deprecated) - camel-test-spring JUnit 4.x - camel-test-spring TestNG - camel-test-ng
Plain Spring Test | JUnit 3.x JUnit 4.x TestNG | Extend the abstract base classes (org.springframework.test.context.junit38.AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests, org.springframework.test.context.junit38.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests, etc.) provided in Spring Test or use the Spring Test JUnit4 runner. These approaches support both the Camel annotations and Spring annotations, but do not have feature parity with org.apache.camel.test.CamelTestSupport, org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelTestSupport, and org.apache.camel.testng.CamelSpringTestSupport. | JUnit 3.x (deprecated) - None JUnit 4.x - None TestNG - None
Camel Enhanced Spring Test | JUnit 4.x - Camel 2.10 TestNG - Camel 2.10 | Use the org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelSpringJUnit4ClassRunner runner with the @RunWith annotation or extend org.apache.camel.testng.AbstractCamelTestNGSpringContextTests to enable feature parity with org.apache.camel.test.CamelTestSupport and org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelTestSupport and also support the full suite of Spring Test annotations such as @Autowired, @DirtiesContext, and @ContextConfiguration. | JUnit 3.x (deprecated) - camel-test-spring JUnit 4.x - camel-test-spring TestNG - camel-test-ng

### CamelSpringTestSupport

org.apache.camel.test.CamelSpringTestSupport, org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelSpringTestSupport, and org.apache.camel.testng.CamelSpringTestSupport extend their non-Spring aware counterparts (org.apache.camel.test.CamelTestSupport, org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelTestSupport, and org.apache.camel.testng.CamelTestSupport) and deliver integration with Spring into your test classes. Instead of instantiating the CamelContext and routes programmatically, these classes rely on a Spring context to wire the needed components together. If your test extends one of these classes, you must provide the Spring context by implementing the following method.

You are responsible for the instantiation of the Spring context in the method implementation. All of the features available in the non-Spring aware counterparts from Camel Test are available in your test.

### Plain Spring Test

In this approach, your test classes directly inherit from the Spring Test abstract test classes or use the JUnit 4.x test runner provided in Spring Test. This approach supports dependency injection into your test class and the full suite of Spring Test annotations but does not support the features provided by the CamelSpringTestSupport classes.

#### Plain Spring Test using JUnit 3.x with XML Config Example

Here is a simple unit test using JUnit 3.x support from Spring Test using XML Config.

Notice that we use @DirtiesContext on the test methods to force Spring Testing to automatically reload the CamelContext after each test method - this ensures that the tests don't clash with each other (e.g. one test method sending to an endpoint that is then reused in another test method).

Also notice the use of @ContextConfiguration to indicate that by default we should look for the FilterTest-context.xml on the classpath to configure the test case which looks like this

This test will load a Spring XML configuration file calledFilterTest-context.xml from the classpath in the same package structure as the FilterTest class and initialize it along with any Camel routes we define inside it, then inject theCamelContextinstance into our test case.

For instance, like this maven folder layout:

#### Plain Spring Test using JUnit 4.x with Java Config Example

You can completely avoid using an XML configuration file by using Spring Java Config. Here is a unit test using JUnit 4.x support from Spring Test using Java Config.

This is similar to the XML Config example above except that there is no XML file and instead the nested ContextConfig class does all of the configuration; so your entire test case is contained in a single Java class. We currently have to reference by class name this class in the @ContextConfiguration which is a bit ugly. Please vote for SJC-238 to address this and make Spring Test work more cleanly with Spring JavaConfig.

#### Plain Spring Test using JUnit 4.0.x Runner with XML Config

You can avoid extending Spring classes by using the SpringJUnit4ClassRunner provided by Spring Test. This custom JUnit runner means you are free to choose your own class hierarchy while retaining all the capabilities of Spring Test.

This is for Spring 4.0.x. If you use Spring 4.1 or newer, then see the next section.

#### Plain Spring Test using JUnit 4.1.x Runner with XML Config

You can avoid extending Spring classes by using the SpringJUnit4ClassRunner provided by Spring Test. This custom JUnit runner means you are free to choose your own class hierarchy while retaining all the capabilities of Spring Test.

When using Spring 4.1 onwards, you need to use the @BootstrapWith annotation to configure it to use Camel testing, as shown below.

### Camel Enhanced Spring Test

Using org.apache.camel.test.junit4.CamelSpringJUnit4ClassRunner runner with the @RunWith annotation or extending org.apache.camel.testng.AbstractCamelTestNGSpringContextTests provides the full feature set of Spring Test with support for the feature set provided in the CamelTestSupport classes. A number of Camel specific annotations have been developed in order to provide for declarative manipulation of the Camel context(s) involved in the test. These annotations free your test classes from having to inherit from the CamelSpringTestSupport classes and also reduce the amount of code required to customize the tests.

Annotation Class | Applies To | Description | Default Behavioir If Not Present | Default Behavior If Present
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
org.apache.camel.test.spring.DisableJmx | Class | Indicates if JMX should be globally disabled in the CamelContexts that are bootstrapped during the test through the use of Spring Test loaded application contexts. | JMX is disabled | JMX is disabled
org.apache.camel.test.spring.ExcludeRoutes | Class | Indicates if certain route builder classes should be excluded from discovery. Initializes a org.apache.camel.spi.PackageScanClassResolver to exclude a set of given classes from being resolved. Typically this is used at test time to exclude certain routes, which might otherwise be just noisy, from being discovered and initialized. | Not enabled and no routes are excluded | No routes are excluded
org.apache.camel.test.spring.LazyLoadTypeConverters (Deprecated) | Class | Indicates if the CamelContexts that are bootstrapped during the test through the use of Spring Test loaded application contexts should use lazy loading of type converters. | Type converters are not lazy loaded | Type converters are not lazy loaded
org.apache.camel.test.spring.MockEndpoints | Class | Triggers the auto-mocking of endpoints whose URIs match the provided filter. The default filter is "*" which matches all endpoints. See org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy for more details on the registration of the mock endpoints. | Not enabled | All endpoints are sniffed and recorded in a mock endpoint.
org.apache.camel.test.spring.MockEndpointsAndSkip | Class | Triggers the auto-mocking of endpoints whose URIs match the provided filter. The default filter is "*", which matches all endpoints. See org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy for more details on the registration of the mock endpoints. This annotation will also skip sending the message to matched endpoints as well. | Not enabled | All endpoints are sniffed and recorded in a mock endpoint. The original endpoint is not invoked.
org.apache.camel.test.spring.ProvidesBreakpoint | Method | Indicates that the annotated method returns an org.apache.camel.spi.Breakpoint for use in the test. Useful for intercepting traffic to all endpoints or simply for setting a break point in an IDE for debugging. The method must be public, static, take no arguments, and return org.apache.camel.spi.Breakpoint. | N/A | The returned Breakpoint is registered in the CamelContext(s)
org.apache.camel.test.spring.ShutdownTimeout | Class | Indicates to set the shutdown timeout of all CamelContexts instantiated through the use of Spring Test loaded application contexts. If no annotation is used, the timeout is automatically reduced to 10 seconds by the test framework. | 10 seconds | 10 seconds
org.apache.camel.test.spring.UseAdviceWith | Class | Indicates the use of adviceWith() within the test class. If a class is annotated with this annotation and UseAdviceWith#value() returns true, any CamelContexts bootstrapped during the test through the use of Spring Test loaded application contexts will not be started automatically. The test author is responsible for injecting the Camel contexts into the test and executing CamelContext#start() on them at the appropriate time after any advice has been applied to the routes in the CamelContext(s). | CamelContexts do not automatically start. | CamelContexts do not automatically start.
org.apache.camel.test.spring.UseOverridePropertiesWithPropertiesComponent | Method | Camel 2.16:Indicates that the annotated method returns a java.util.Properties for use in the test, and that those properties override any existing properties configured on the PropertiesComponent |  | Override properties

The following example illustrates the use of the @MockEndpoints annotation in order to setup mock endpoints as interceptors on all endpoints using the Camel Log component and the @DisableJmx annotation to enable JMX which is disabled during tests by default. Note that we still use the @DirtiesContext annotation to ensure that the CamelContext, routes, and mock endpoints are reinitialized between test methods.

### Adding more Mock expectations

If you wish to programmatically add any new assertions to your test you can easily do so with the following. Notice how we use @EndpointInject to inject a Camel endpoint into our code then the Mock API to add an expectation on a specific message.

### Further processing the received messages

Sometimes once a Mock endpoint has received some messages you want to then process them further to add further assertions that your test case worked as you expect.

So you can then process the received message exchanges if you like...

### Sending and receiving messages

It might be that the Enterprise Integration Patterns you have defined in either Spring XML or using the Java DSL do all of the sending and receiving and you might just work with the Mock endpoints as described above. However sometimes in a test case its useful to explicitly send or receive messages directly.

To send or receive messages you should use the Bean Integration mechanism. For example to send messages inject a ProducerTemplate using the @EndpointInject annotation then call the various send methods on this object to send a message to an endpoint. To consume messages use the @MessageDriven annotation on a method to have the method invoked when a message is received.

### See Also

- A real example test case using Mock and Spring along with its Spring XML
- Bean Integration
- Mock endpoint
- Test endpoint

## Camel Guice

We have support for Google Guice as a dependency injection framework.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### Dependency Injecting Camel with Guice

The GuiceCamelContext is designed to work nicely inside Guice. You then need to bind it using some Guice Module.

The camel-guice library comes with a number of reusable Guice Modules you can use if you wish - or you can bind the GuiceCamelContext yourself in your own module.

- CamelModule is the base module which binds the GuiceCamelContext but leaves it up you to bind the RouteBuilder instances
- CamelModuleWithRouteTypes extends CamelModule so that in the constructor of the module you specify the RouteBuilder classes or instances to use
- CamelModuleWithMatchingRoutes extends CamelModule so that all bound RouteBuilder instances will be injected into the CamelContext or you can supply an optional Matcher to find RouteBuilder instances matching some kind of predicate.

So you can specify the exact RouteBuilder instances you want

Or inject them all

You can then use Guice in the usual way to inject the route instances or any other dependent objects.

### Bootstrapping with JNDI

A common pattern used in J2EE is to bootstrap your application or root objects by looking them up in JNDI. This has long been the approach when working with JMS for example - looking up the JMS ConnectionFactory in JNDI for example.

You can follow a similar pattern with Guice using the GuiceyFruit JNDI Provider which lets you bootstrap Guice from a jndi.properties file which can include the Guice Modules to create along with environment specific properties you can inject into your modules and objects.

If the jndi.properties is conflict with other component, you can specify the jndi properties file name in the Guice Main with option -j or -jndiProperties with the properties file location to let Guice Main to load right jndi properties file.

### Configuring Component, Endpoint or RouteBuilder instances

You can use Guice to dependency inject whatever objects you need to create, be it an Endpoint, Component, RouteBuilder or arbitrary bean used within a route.

The easiest way to do this is to create your own Guice Module class which extends one of the above module classes and add a provider method for each object you wish to create. A provider method is annotated with @Provides as follows

You can optionally annotate the method with @JndiBind to bind the object to JNDI at some name if the object is a component, endpoint or bean you wish to refer to by name in your routes.

You can inject any environment specific properties (such as URLs, machine names, usernames/passwords and so forth) from the jndi.properties file easily using the @Named annotation as shown above. This allows most of your configuration to be in Java code which is typesafe and easily refactorable - then leaving some properties to be environment specific (the jndi.properties file) which you can then change based on development, testing, production etc.

### Creating multiple RouteBuilder instances per type

It is sometimes useful to create multiple instances of a particular RouteBuilder with different configurations.

To do this just create multiple provider methods for each configuration; or create a single provider method that returns a collection of RouteBuilder instances.

For example

### See Also

- there are a number of Examples you can look at to see Guice and Camel being used such as Guice JMS Example
- Guice Maven Plugin for running your Guice based routes via Maven

## Templating

When you are testing distributed systems its a very common requirement to have to stub out certain external systems with some stub so that you can test other parts of the system until a specific system is available or written etc.

A great way to do this is using some kind of Template system to generate responses to requests generating a dynamic message using a mostly-static body.

There are a number of templating components included in the Camel distribution you could use

- FreeMarker
- StringTemplate
- Velocity
- XQuery
- XSLT

or the following external Camel components

- Scalate

### Example

Here's a simple example showing how we can respond to InOut requests on the My.Queue queue on ActiveMQ with a template generated response. The reply would be sent back to the JMSReplyTo Destination.

If you want to use InOnly and consume the message and send it to another destination you could use

### See Also

- Mock for details of mock endpoint testing (as opposed to template based stubs).

## Database

Camel can work with databases in a number of different ways. This document tries to outline the most common approaches.

### Database endpoints

Camel provides a number of different endpoints for working with databases

- JPA for working with hibernate, openjpa or toplink. When consuming from the endpoints entity beans are read (and deleted/updated to mark as processed) then when producing to the endpoints they are written to the database (via insert/update).
- iBATIS similar to the above but using Apache iBATIS
- JDBC similar though using explicit SQL
- SQL uses spring-jdbc behind the scene for the actual SQL handling. The difference between this component and JDBC component is that in case of SQL the query is a property of the endpoint and it uses message payload as parameters passed to the query

### Database pattern implementations

Various patterns can work with databases as follows

- Idempotent Consumer
- Aggregator
- BAM for business activity monitoring

## Parallel Processing and Ordering

It is a common requirement to want to use parallel processing of messages for throughput and load balancing, while at the same time process certain kinds of messages in order.

### How to achieve parallel processing

You can send messages to a number of Camel Components to achieve parallel processing and load balancing such as

- SEDA for in-JVM load balancing across a thread pool
- ActiveMQ or JMS for distributed load balancing and parallel processing
- JPA for using the database as a poor mans message broker

When processing messages concurrently, you should consider ordering and concurrency issues. These are described below

#### Concurrency issues

Note that there is no concurrency or locking issue when using ActiveMQ, JMS or SEDA by design; they are designed for highly concurrent use. However there are possible concurrency issues in the Processor of the messages i.e. what the processor does with the message?

For example if a processor of a message transfers money from one account to another account; you probably want to use a database with pessimistic locking to ensure that operation takes place atomically.

#### Ordering issues

As soon as you send multiple messages to different threads or processes you will end up with an unknown ordering across the entire message stream as each thread is going to process messages concurrently.

For many use cases the order of messages is not too important. However for some applications this can be crucial. e.g. if a customer submits a purchase order version 1, then amends it and sends version 2; you don't want to process the first version last (so that you loose the update). Your Processor might be clever enough to ignore old messages. If not you need to preserve order.

### Recommendations

This topic is large and diverse with lots of different requirements; but from a high level here are our recommendations on parallel processing, ordering and concurrency

- for distributed locking, use a database by default, they are very good at it
- to preserve ordering across a JMS queue consider using Exclusive Consumers in the ActiveMQ component
- even better are Message Groups which allows you to preserve ordering across messages while still offering parallelisation via the JMSXGroupID header to determine what can be parallelized
- if you receive messages out of order you could use the Resequencer to put them back together again

A good rule of thumb to help reduce ordering problems is to make sure each single can be processed as an atomic unit in parallel (either without concurrency issues or using say, database locking); or if it can't, use a Message Group to relate the messages together which need to be processed in order by a single thread.

### Using Message Groups with Camel

To use a Message Group with Camel you just need to add a header to the output JMS message based on some kind of Correlation Identifier to correlate messages which should be processed in order by a single thread - so that things which don't correlate together can be processed concurrently.

For example the following code shows how to create a message group using an XPath expression taking an invoice's product code as the Correlation Identifier

You can of course use the Xml Configuration if you prefer

## Asynchronous Processing

### Overview

Supported versions

The information on this page applies for Camel 2.4 onwards. Before Camel 2.4 the asynchronous processing is only implemented for JBI where as in Camel 2.4 onwards we have implemented it in many other areas. See more at Asynchronous Routing Engine.

Camel supports a more complex asynchronous processing model. The asynchronous processors implement the AsyncProcessor interface which is derived from the more synchronous Processor interface. There are advantages and disadvantages when using asynchronous processing when compared to using the standard synchronous processing model.

Advantages:

- Processing routes that are composed fully of asynchronous processors do not use up threads waiting for processors to complete on blocking calls. This can increase the scalability of your system by reducing the number of threads needed to process the same workload.
- Processing routes can be broken up into SEDA processing stages where different thread pools can process the different stages. This means that your routes can be processed concurrently.

Disadvantages:

- Implementing asynchronous processors is more complex than implementing the synchronous versions.

### When to Use

We recommend that processors and components be implemented the more simple synchronous APIs unless you identify a performance of scalability requirement that dictates otherwise. A Processor whose process() method blocks for a long time would be good candidates for being converted into an asynchronous processor.

### Interface Details

The AsyncProcessor defines a single `process()` method which is very similar to it's synchronous Processor.process() brethren. Here are the differences:

- A non-null AsyncCallback MUST be supplied which will be notified when the exchange processing is completed.
- It MUST not throw any exceptions that occurred while processing the exchange. Any such exceptions must be stored on the exchange's Exception property.
- It MUST know if it will complete the processing synchronously or asynchronously. The method will return `true` if it does complete synchronously, otherwise it returns `false`.
- When the processor has completed processing the exchange, it must call the `callback.done(boolean sync)` method. The sync parameter MUST match the value returned by the `process()` method.

### Implementing Processors that Use the AsyncProcessor API

All processors, even synchronous processors that do not implement the AsyncProcessor interface, can be coerced to implement the AsyncProcessor interface. This is usually done when you are implementing a Camel component consumer that supports asynchronous completion of the exchanges that it is pushing through the Camel routes. Consumers are provided a Processor object when created. All Processor object can be coerced to a AsyncProcessor using the following API:

For a route to be fully asynchronous and reap the benefits to lower Thread usage, it must start with the consumer implementation making use of the asynchronous processing API. If it called the synchronous process() method instead, the consumer's thread would be forced to be blocked and in use for the duration that it takes to process the exchange.

It is important to take note that just because you call the asynchronous API, it does not mean that the processing will take place asynchronously. It only allows the possibility that it can be done without tying up the caller's thread. If the processing happens asynchronously is dependent on the configuration of the Camel route.

Normally, the the process call is passed in an inline inner AsyncCallback class instance which can reference the exchange object that was declared final. This allows it to finish up any post processing that is needed when the called processor is done processing the exchange. See below for an example.

### Asynchronous Route Sequence Scenarios

Now that we have understood the interface contract of the AsyncProcessor, and have seen how to make use of it when calling processors, lets looks a what the thread model/sequence scenarios will look like for some sample routes.

The Jetty component's consumers support async processing by using continuations. Suffice to say it can take a http request and pass it to a camel route for async processing. If the processing is indeed async, it uses Jetty continuation so that the http request is 'parked' and the thread is released. Once the camel route finishes processing the request, the jetty component uses the AsyncCallback to tell Jetty to 'un-park' the request. Jetty un-parks the request, the http response returned using the result of the exchange processing.

Notice that the jetty continuations feature is only used "If the processing is indeed async". This is why AsyncProcessor.process() implementations MUST accurately report if request is completed synchronously or not.

The jhc component's producer allows you to make HTTP requests and implement the AsyncProcessor interface. A route that uses both the jetty asynchronous consumer and the jhc asynchronous producer will be a fully asynchronous route and has some nice attributes that can be seen if we take a look at a sequence diagram of the processing route. For the route:

The sequence diagram would look something like this:

The diagram simplifies things by making it looks like processors implement the AsyncCallback interface when in reality the AsyncCallback interfaces are inline inner classes, but it illustrates the processing flow and shows how 2 separate threads are used to complete the processing of the original http request. The first thread is synchronous up until processing hits the jhc producer which issues the http request. It then reports that the exchange processing will complete async since it will use a NIO to complete getting the response back. Once the jhc component has received a full response it uses `AsyncCallback.done()` method to notify the caller. These callback notifications continue up until it reaches the original jetty consumer which then un-parks the http request and completes it by providing the response.

### Mixing Synchronous and Asynchronous Processors

It is totally possible and reasonable to mix the use of synchronous and asynchronous processors/components. The pipeline processor is the backbone of a Camel processing route. It glues all the processing steps together. It is implemented as an AsyncProcessor and supports interleaving synchronous and asynchronous processors as the processing steps in the pipeline.

Lets say we have 2 custom processors, MyValidator and MyTransformation, both of which are synchronous processors. Lets say we want to load file from the data/in directory validate them with the MyValidator() processor, Transform them into JPA java objects using MyTransformation and then insert them into the database using the JPA component. Lets say that the transformation process takes quite a bit of time and we want to allocate 20 threads to do parallel transformations of the input files. The solution is to make use of the thread processor. The thread is AsyncProcessor that forces subsequent processing in asynchronous thread from a thread pool.

The route might look like:

The sequence diagram would look something like this:

You would actually have multiple threads executing the 2nd part of the thread sequence.

### Staying synchronous in an AsyncProcessor

Generally speaking you get better throughput processing when you process things synchronously. This is due to the fact that starting up an asynchronous thread and doing a context switch to it adds a little bit of of overhead. So it is generally encouraged that AsyncProcessors do as much work as they can synchronously. When they get to a step that would block for a long time, at that point they should return from the process call and let the caller know that it will be completing the call asynchronously.

## Implementing Virtual Topics on other JMS providers

ActiveMQ supports Virtual Topics since durable topic subscriptions kinda suck (see this page for more detail) mostly since they don't support Competing Consumers.

Most folks want Queue semantics when consuming messages; so that you can support Competing Consumers for load balancing along with things like Message Groups and Exclusive Consumers to preserve ordering or partition the queue across consumers.

However if you are using another JMS provider you can implement Virtual Topics by switching to ActiveMQ or you can use the following Camel pattern.

First here's the ActiveMQ approach.

- send to activemq:topic:VirtualTopic.Orders
- for consumer A consume from activemq:Consumer.A.VirtualTopic.Orders

When using another message broker use the following pattern

- send to jms:Orders
- add this route with a to() for each logical durable topic subscriber
- for consumer A consume from jms:Consumer.A

## What's the Camel Transport for CXF

In CXF you offer or consume a webservice by defining its address. The first part of the address specifies the protocol to use. For example address="http://localhost:9000" in an endpoint configuration means your service will be offered using the http protocol on port 9000 of localhost. When you integrate Camel Tranport into CXF you get a new transport "camel". So you can specify address="camel://direct:MyEndpointName" to bind the CXF service address to a camel direct endpoint.

Technically speaking Camel transport for CXF is a component which implements the CXF transport API with the Camel core library. This allows you to easily use Camel's routing engine and integration patterns support together with your CXF services.

## Integrate Camel into CXF transport layer

To include the Camel Tranport into your CXF bus you use the CamelTransportFactory. You can do this in Java as well as in Spring.

### Setting up the Camel Transport in Spring

You can use the following snippet in your applicationcontext if you want to configure anything special. If you only want to activate the camel transport you do not have to do anything in your application context. As soon as you include the camel-cxf-transport jar (or camel-cxf.jar if your camel version is less than 2.7.x) in your app, cxf will scan the jar and load a CamelTransportFactory for you.

### Integrating the Camel Transport in a programmatic way

Camel transport provides a setContext method that you could use to set the Camel context into the transport factory. If you want this factory take effect, you need to register the factory into the CXF bus. Here is a full example for you.

## Configure the destination and conduit with Spring

### Namespace

The elements used to configure an Camel transport endpoint are defined in the namespace `http://cxf.apache.org/transports/camel`. It is commonly referred to using the prefix `camel`. In order to use the Camel transport configuration elements, you will need to add the lines shown below to the beans element of your endpoint's configuration file. In addition, you will need to add the configuration elements' namespace to the `xsi:schemaLocation` attribute.

Adding the Configuration Namespace

### The `destination` element

You configure an Camel transport server endpoint using the `camel:destination` element and its children. The `camel:destination` element takes a single attribute, `name`, that specifies the WSDL port element that corresponds to the endpoint. The value for the `name` attribute takes the form portQName`.camel-destination`. The example below shows the `camel:destination` element that would be used to add configuration for an endpoint that was specified by the WSDL fragment `<port binding="widgetSOAPBinding" name="widgetSOAPPort">` if the endpoint's target namespace was `http://widgets.widgetvendor.net`.

camel:destination Element

The `camel:destination` element for Spring has a number of child elements that specify configuration information. They are described below.

Element | Description
--- | ---
`camel-spring:camelContext` | You can specify the camel context in the camel destination
`camel:camelContextRef` | The camel context id which you want inject into the camel destination

### The `conduit` element

You configure a Camel transport client using the `camel:conduit` element and its children. The `camel:conduit` element takes a single attribute, `name`, that specifies the WSDL port element that corresponds to the endpoint. The value for the `name` attribute takes the form portQName`.camel-conduit`. For example, the code below shows the `camel:conduit` element that would be used to add configuration for an endpoint that was specified by the WSDL fragment `<port binding="widgetSOAPBinding" name="widgetSOAPPort">` if the endpoint's target namespace was `http://widgets.widgetvendor.net`.

http-conf:conduit Element

The `camel:conduit` element has a number of child elements that specify configuration information. They are described below.

Element | Description
--- | ---
`camel-spring:camelContext` | You can specify the camel context in the camel conduit
`camel:camelContextRef` | The camel context id which you want inject into the camel conduit

## Configure the destination and conduit with Blueprint

From Camel 2.11.x, Camel Transport supports to be configured with Blueprint.

If you are using blueprint, you should use the the namespace `http://cxf.apache.org/transports/camel/blueprint` and import the schema like the blow.

Adding the Configuration Namespace for blueprint

In blueprint `camel:conduit` `camel:destination` only has one camelContextId attribute, they doesn't support to specify the camel context in the camel destination.

## Example Using Camel as a load balancer for CXF

This example shows how to use the camel load balancing feature in CXF. You need to load the configuration file in CXF and publish the endpoints on the address "camel://direct:EndpointA" and "camel://direct:EndpointB"

## Complete Howto and Example for attaching Camel to CXF

Better JMS Transport for CXF Webservice using Apache Camel

## Introduction

When sending an Exchange to an Endpoint you can either use a Route or a ProducerTemplate. This works fine in many scenarios. However you may need to guarantee that an exchange is delivered to the same endpoint that you delivered a previous exchange on. For example in the case of delivering a batch of exchanges to a MINA socket you may need to ensure that they are all delivered through the same socket connection. Furthermore once the batch of exchanges have been delivered the protocol requirements may be such that you are responsible for closing the socket.

## Using a Producer

To achieve fine grained control over sending exchanges you will need to program directly to a Producer. Your code will look similar to:

In the case of using Apache MINA the producer.stop() invocation will cause the socket to be closed.

# Tutorials

There now follows the documentation on camel tutorials

We have a number of tutorials as listed below. The tutorials often comes with source code which is either available in the Camel Download or attached to the wiki page.

Notice

These tutorials listed below, is hosted at Apache. We offer the Articles page where we have a link collection for 3rd party Camel material, such as tutorials, blog posts, published articles, videos, pod casts, presentations, and so forth.

If you have written a Camel related article, then we are happy to provide a link to it. You can contact the Camel Team, for example using the Mailing Lists, (or post a tweet with the word Apache Camel).

- OAuth Tutorial
  This tutorial demonstrates how to implement OAuth for a web application with Camel's gauth component. The sample application of this tutorial is also online at http://gauthcloud.appspot.com/

- Tutorial for Camel on Google App Engine
  This tutorial demonstrates the usage of the Camel Components for Google App Engine. The sample application of this tutorial is also online at http://camelcloud.appspot.com/

- Tutorial on Spring Remoting with JMS
  This tutorial is focused on different techniques with Camel for Client-Server communication.

- Report Incident - This tutorial introduces Camel steadily and is based on a real life integration problem
  This is a very long tutorial beginning from the start; its for entry level to Camel. Its based on a real life integration, showing how Camel can be introduced in an existing solution. We do this in baby steps. The tutorial is currently work in progress, so check it out from time to time. The tutorial explains some of the inner building blocks Camel uses under the covers. This is good knowledge to have when you start using Camel on a higher abstract level where it can do wonders in a few lines of routing DSL.

- Using Camel with ServiceMix a tutorial on using Camel inside Apache ServiceMix.

- Better JMS Transport for CXF Webservice using Apache Camel Describes how to use the Camel Transport for CXF to attach a CXF Webservice to a JMS Queue

- Tutorial how to use good old Axis 1.4 with Camel
  This tutorial shows that Camel does work with the good old frameworks such as AXIS that is/was widely used for WebService.

- Tutorial on using Camel in a Web Application
  This tutorial gives an overview of how to use Camel inside Tomcat, Jetty or any other servlet engine

- Tutorial on Camel 1.4 for Integration
  Another real-life scenario. The company sells widgets, with a somewhat unique business process (their customers periodically report what they've purchased in order to get billed). However every customer uses a different data format and protocol. This tutorial goes through the process of integrating (and testing!) several customers and their electronic reporting of the widgets they've bought, along with the company's response.

- Tutorial how to build a Service Oriented Architecture using Camel with OSGI - Updated 20/11/2009
  The tutorial has been designed in two parts. The first part introduces basic concept to create a simple SOA solution using Camel and OSGI and deploy it in a OSGI Server like Apache Felix Karaf and Spring DM Server while the second extends the ReportIncident tutorial part 4 to show How we can separate the different layers (domain, service, ...) of an application and deploy them in separate bundles. The Web Application has also be modified in order to communicate to the OSGI bundles.

- Several of the vendors on the Commercial Camel Offerings page also offer various tutorials, webinars, examples, etc.... that may be useful.

- Examples
  While not actual tutorials you might find working through the source of the various Examples useful.

## Tutorial on Spring Remoting with JMS

Thanks

This tutorial was kindly donated to Apache Camel by Martin Gilday.

## Preface

This tutorial aims to guide the reader through the stages of creating a project which uses Camel to facilitate the routing of messages from a JMS queue to a Spring service. The route works in a synchronous fashion returning a response to the client.

## Prerequisites

This tutorial uses Maven to setup the Camel project and for dependencies for artifacts.

## Distribution

This sample is distributed with the Camel distribution as `examples/camel-example-spring-jms`.

## About

This tutorial is a simple example that demonstrates more the fact how well Camel is seamless integrated with Spring to leverage the best of both worlds. This sample is client server solution using JMS messaging as the transport. The sample has two flavors of servers and also for clients demonstrating different techniques for easy communication.

The Server is a JMS message broker that routes incoming messages to a business service that does computations on the received message and returns a response.
The EIP patterns used in this sample are:

Pattern | Description
--- | ---
Message Channel | We need a channel so the Clients can communicate with the server.
Message | The information is exchanged using the Camel Message interface.
Message Translator | This is where Camel shines as the message exchange between the Server and the Clients are text based strings with numbers. However our business service uses int for numbers. So Camel can do the message translation automatically.
Message Endpoint | It should be easy to send messages to the Server from the the clients. This is achieved with Camels powerful Endpoint pattern that even can be more powerful combined with Spring remoting. The tutorial has clients using each kind of technique for this.
Point to Point Channel | The client and server exchanges data using point to point using a JMS queue.
Event Driven Consumer | The JMS broker is event driven and is invoked when the client sends a message to the server.

We use the following Camel components:

Component | Description
--- | ---
ActiveMQ | We use Apache ActiveMQ as the JMS broker on the Server side
Bean | We use the bean binding to easily route the messages to our business service. This is a very powerful component in Camel.
File | In the AOP enabled Server we store audit trails as files.
JMS | Used for the JMS messaging

## Create the Camel Project

For the purposes of the tutorial a single Maven project will be used for both the client and server. Ideally you would break your application down into the appropriate components.

### Update the POM with Dependencies

First we need to have dependencies for the core Camel jars, its spring, jms components and finally ActiveMQ as the message broker.

As we use spring xml configuration for the ActiveMQ JMS broker we need this dependency:

## Writing the Server

### Create the Spring Service

For this example the Spring service (= our business service) on the server will be a simple multiplier which trebles in the received value.

And the implementation of this service is:

Notice that this class has been annotated with the @Service spring annotation. This ensures that this class is registered as a bean in the registry with the given name multiplier.

### Define the Camel Routes

This defines a Camel route from the JMS queue named numbers to the Spring bean named multiplier. Camel will create a consumer to the JMS queue which forwards all received messages onto the the Spring bean, using the method named multiply.

### Configure Spring

The Spring config file is placed under `META-INF/spring` as this is the default location used by the Camel Maven Plugin, which we will later use to run our server.
First we need to do the standard scheme declarations in the top. In the camel-server.xml we are using spring beans as the default bean: namespace and springs context:. For configuring ActiveMQ we use broker: and for Camel we of course have camel:. Notice that we don't use version numbers for the camel-spring schema. At runtime the schema is resolved in the Camel bundle. If we use a specific version number such as 1.4 then its IDE friendly as it would be able to import it and provide smart completion etc. See Xml Reference for further details.

We use Spring annotations for doing IoC dependencies and its component-scan features comes to the rescue as it scans for spring annotations in the given package name:

Camel will of course not be less than Spring in this regard so it supports a similar feature for scanning of Routes. This is configured as shown below.
Notice that we also have enabled the JMXAgent so we will be able to introspect the Camel Server with a JMX Console.

The ActiveMQ JMS broker is also configured in this xml file. We set it up to listen on TCP port 61610.

As this examples uses JMS then Camel needs a JMS component that is connected with the ActiveMQ broker. This is configured as shown below:

Notice: The JMS component is configured in standard Spring beans, but the gem is that the bean id can be referenced from Camel routes - meaning we can do routing using the JMS Component by just using jms: prefix in the route URI. What happens is that Camel will find in the Spring Registry for a bean with the id="jms". Since the bean id can have arbitrary name you could have named it id="jmsbroker" and then referenced to it in the routing as `from="jmsbroker:queue:numbers).to("multiplier");`
We use the vm protocol to connect to the ActiveMQ server as its embedded in this application.

component-scan | Defines the package to be scanned for Spring stereotype annotations, in this case, to load the "multiplier" bean
camel-context | Defines the package to be scanned for Camel routes. Will find the `ServerRoutes` class and create the routes contained within it
jms bean | Creates the Camel JMS component

### Run the Server

The Server is started using the `org.apache.camel.spring.Main` class that can start camel-spring application out-of-the-box. The Server can be started in several flavors:

- as a standard java main application - just start the `org.apache.camel.spring.Main` class
- using maven jave:exec
- using camel:run

In this sample as there are two servers (with and without AOP) we have prepared some profiles in maven to start the Server of your choice.
The server is started with:
`mvn compile exec:java -PCamelServer`

## Writing The Clients

This sample has three clients demonstrating different Camel techniques for communication

- CamelClient using the ProducerTemplate for Spring template style coding
- CamelRemoting using Spring Remoting
- CamelEndpoint using the Message Endpoint EIP pattern using a neutral Camel API

### Client Using The ProducerTemplate

We will initially create a client by directly using `ProducerTemplate`. We will later create a client which uses Spring remoting to hide the fact that messaging is being used.

The client will not use the Camel Maven Plugin so the Spring XML has been placed in src/main/resources to not conflict with the server configs.

camelContext | The Camel context is defined but does not contain any routes
template | The `ProducerTemplate` is used to place messages onto the JMS queue
jms bean | This initialises the Camel JMS component, allowing us to place messages onto the queue

And the CamelClient source code:

The `ProducerTemplate` is retrieved from a Spring `ApplicationContext` and used to manually place a message on the "numbers" JMS queue. The `requestBody` method will use the exchange pattern InOut, which states that the call should be synchronous, and that the caller expects a response.

Before running the client be sure that both the ActiveMQ broker and the `CamelServer` are running.

### Client Using Spring Remoting

Spring Remoting "eases the development of remote-enabled services". It does this by allowing you to invoke remote services through your regular Java interface, masking that a remote service is being called.

The snippet above only illustrates the different and how Camel easily can setup and use Spring Remoting in one line configurations.

The proxy will create a proxy service bean for you to use to make the remote invocations. The serviceInterface property details which Java interface is to be implemented by the proxy. serviceUrl defines where messages sent to this proxy bean will be directed. Here we define the JMS endpoint with the "numbers" queue we used when working with Camel template directly. The value of the id property is the name that will be the given to the bean when it is exposed through the Spring `ApplicationContext`. We will use this name to retrieve the service in our client. I have named the bean multiplierProxy simply to highlight that it is not the same multiplier bean as is being used by `CamelServer`. They are in completely independent contexts and have no knowledge of each other. As you are trying to mask the fact that remoting is being used in a real application you would generally not include proxy in the name.

And the Java client source code:

Again, the client is similar to the original client, but with some important differences.

1. The Spring context is created with the new camel-client-remoting.xml
2. We retrieve the proxy bean instead of a `ProducerTemplate`. In a non-trivial example you would have the bean injected as in the standard Spring manner.
3. The multiply method is then called directly. In the client we are now working to an interface. There is no mention of Camel or JMS inside our Java code.

### Client Using Message Endpoint EIP Pattern

This client uses the Message Endpoint EIP pattern to hide the complexity to communicate to the Server. The Client uses the same simple API to get hold of the endpoint, create an exchange that holds the message, set the payload and create a producer that does the send and receive. All done using the same neutral Camel API for all the components in Camel. So if the communication was socket TCP based you just get hold of a different endpoint and all the java code stays the same. That is really powerful.

Okay enough talk, show me the code!

Switching to a different component is just a matter of using the correct endpoint. So if we had defined a TCP endpoint as: `"mina:tcp://localhost:61610"` then its just a matter of getting hold of this endpoint instead of the JMS and all the rest of the java code is exactly the same.

### Run the Clients

The Clients is started using their main class respectively.

- as a standard java main application - just start their main class
- using maven jave:exec

In this sample we start the clients using maven:
`mvn compile exec:java -PCamelClient`
`mvn compile exec:java -PCamelClientRemoting`
`mvn compile exec:java -PCamelClientEndpoint`

Also see the Maven `pom.xml` file how the profiles for the clients is defined.

## Using the Camel Maven Plugin

The Camel Maven Plugin allows you to run your Camel routes directly from Maven. This negates the need to create a host application, as we did with Camel server, simply to start up the container. This can be very useful during development to get Camel routes running quickly.

pom.xml

All that is required is a new plugin definition in your Maven POM. As we have already placed our Camel config in the default location (camel-server.xml has been placed in META-INF/spring/) we do not need to tell the plugin where the route definitions are located. Simply run `mvn camel:run`.

## Using Camel JMX

Camel has extensive support for JMX and allows us to inspect the Camel Server at runtime. As we have enabled the JMXAgent in our tutorial we can fire up the jconsole and connect to the following service URI: `service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi/camel`. Notice that Camel will log at INFO level the JMX Connector URI:

In the screenshot below we can see the route and its performance metrics:

## See Also

- Spring Remoting with JMS Example on Amin Abbaspour's Weblog

## Tutorial - camel-example-reportincident

## Introduction

Creating this tutorial was inspired by a real life use-case I discussed over the phone with a colleague. He was working at a client whom uses a heavy-weight integration platform from a very large vendor. He was in talks with developer shops to implement a new integration on this platform. His trouble was the shop tripled the price when they realized the platform of choice. So I was wondering how we could do this integration with Camel. Can it be done, without tripling the cost .

This tutorial is written during the development of the integration. I have decided to start off with a sample that isn't Camel's but standard Java and then plugin Camel as we goes. Just as when people needed to learn Spring you could consume it piece by piece, the same goes with Camel.

The target reader is person whom hasn't experience or just started using Camel.

## Motivation for this tutorial

I wrote this tutorial motivated as Camel lacked an example application that was based on the web application deployment model. The entire world hasn't moved to pure OSGi deployments yet.

The full source code for this tutorial as complete is part of the Apache Camel distribution in the `examples/camel-example-reportincident` directory

## The use-case

The goal is to allow staff to report incidents into a central administration. For that they use client software where they report the incident and submit it to the central administration. As this is an integration in a transition phase the administration should get these incidents by email whereas they are manually added to the database. The client software should gather the incident and submit the information to the integration platform that in term will transform the report into an email and send it to the central administrator for manual processing.

The figure below illustrates this process. The end users reports the incidents using the client applications. The incident is sent to the central integration platform as webservice. The integration platform will process the incident and send an OK acknowledgment back to the client. Then the integration will transform the message to an email and send it to the administration mail server. The users in the administration will receive the emails and take it from there.

### In EIP patterns

We distill the use case as EIP patterns:

## Parts

This tutorial is divided into sections and parts:

Section A: Existing Solution, how to slowly use Camel

Part 1 - This first part explain how to setup the project and get a webservice exposed using Apache CXF. In fact we don't touch Camel yet.

Part 2 - Now we are ready to introduce Camel piece by piece (without using Spring or any XML configuration file) and create the full feature integration. This part will introduce different Camel's concepts and How we can build our solution using them like :

- CamelContext
- Endpoint, Exchange & Producer
- Components : Log, File

Part 3 - Continued from part 2 where we implement that last part of the solution with the event driven consumer and how to send the email through the Mail component.

Section B: The Camel Solution

Part 4 - We now turn into the path of Camel where it excels - the routing.
Part 5 - Is about how embed Camel with Spring and using CXF endpoints directly in Camel
Part 6 - Showing a alternative solution primarily using XML instead of Java code

Using Axis 2

See this blog entry by Sagara demonstrating how to use Apache Axis 2 instead of Apache CXF as the web service framework.

## Links

- Introduction
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
- Part 6

## Part 1

## Prerequisites

This tutorial uses the following frameworks:

- Maven 3.0.4
- Apache Camel 2.10.0
- Apache CXF 2.6.1
- Spring 3.0.7

Note: The sample project can be downloaded, see the resources section.

## Initial Project Setup

We want the integration to be a standard .war application that can be deployed in any web container such as Tomcat, Jetty or even heavy weight application servers such as WebLogic or WebSphere. There fore we start off with the standard Maven webapp project that is created with the following long archetype command:

Notice that the groupId etc. doens't have to be org.apache.camel it can be com.mycompany.whatever. But I have used these package names as the example is an official part of the Camel distribution.

Then we have the basic maven folder layout. We start out with the webservice part where we want to use Apache CXF for the webservice stuff. So we add this to the pom.xml

## Developing the WebService

As we want to develop webservice with the contract first approach we create our .wsdl file. As this is a example we have simplified the model of the incident to only include 8 fields. In real life the model would be a bit more complex, but not to much.

We put the wsdl file in the folder `src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/wsdl` and name the file `report_incident.wsdl`.

### CXF wsdl2java

Then we integration the CXF wsdl2java generator in the pom.xml so we have CXF generate the needed POJO classes for our webservice contract.
However at first we must configure maven to live in the modern world of Java 1.6 so we must add this to the pom.xml

And then we can add the CXF wsdl2java code generator that will hook into the compile goal so its automatic run all the time:

You are now setup and should be able to compile the project. So running the `mvn compile` should run the CXF wsdl2java and generate the source code in the folder `&{basedir}/target/generated/src/main/java` that we specified in the pom.xml above. Since its in the `target/generated/src/main/java` maven will pick it up and include it in the build process.

### Configuration of the web.xml

Next up is to configure the web.xml to be ready to use CXF so we can expose the webservice.
As Spring is the center of the universe, or at least is a very important framework in today's Java land we start with the listener that kick-starts Spring. This is the usual piece of code:

And then we have the CXF part where we define the CXF servlet and its URI mappings to which we have chosen that all our webservices should be in the path `/webservices/`

Then the last piece of the puzzle is to configure CXF, this is done in a spring XML that we link to fron the web.xml by the standard Spring `contextConfigLocation` property in the web.xml

We have named our CXF configuration file `cxf-config.xml` and its located in the root of the classpath. In Maven land that is we can have the `cxf-config.xml` file in the `src/main/resources` folder. We could also have the file located in the WEB-INF folder for instance `<param-value>/WEB-INF/cxf-config.xml</param-value>`.

### Getting rid of the old jsp world

The maven archetype that created the basic folder structure also created a sample .jsp file index.jsp. This file `src/main/webapp/index.jsp` should be deleted.

### Configuration of CXF

The cxf-config.xml is as follows:

The configuration is standard CXF and is documented at the Apache CXF website.

The 3 import elements is needed by CXF and they must be in the file.

Noticed that we have a spring bean reportIncidentEndpoint that is the implementation of the webservice endpoint we let CXF expose.
Its linked from the jaxws element with the implementator attribute as we use the # mark to identify its a reference to a spring bean. We could have stated the classname directly as `implementor="org.apache.camel.example.reportincident.ReportIncidentEndpoint"` but then we lose the ability to let the ReportIncidentEndpoint be configured by spring.
The address attribute defines the relative part of the URL of the exposed webservice. wsdlLocation is an optional parameter but for persons like me that likes contract-first we want to expose our own .wsdl contracts and not the auto generated by the frameworks, so with this attribute we can link to the real .wsdl file. The last stuff is needed by CXF as you could have several services so it needs to know which this one is. Configuring these is quite easy as all the information is in the wsdl already.

### Implementing the ReportIncidentEndpoint

Phew after all these meta files its time for some java code so we should code the implementor of the webservice. So we fire up `mvn compile` to let CXF generate the POJO classes for our webservice and we are ready to fire up a Java editor.

You can use `mvn idea:idea` or `mvn eclipse:eclipse` to create project files for these editors so you can load the project. However IDEA has been smarter lately and can load a pom.xml directly.

As we want to quickly see our webservice we implement just a quick and dirty as it can get. At first beware that since its jaxws and Java 1.5 we get annotations for the money, but they reside on the interface so we can remove them from our implementations so its a nice plain POJO again:

We just output the person that invokes this webservice and returns a OK response. This class should be in the maven source root folder `src/main/java` under the package name `org.apache.camel.example.reportincident`. Beware that the maven archetype tool didn't create the `src/main/java folder`, so you should create it manually.

To test if we are home free we run `mvn clean compile`.

### Running our webservice

Now that the code compiles we would like to run it inside a web container, for this purpose we make use of Jetty which we will bootstrap using it's plugin `org.mortbay.jetty:maven-jetty-plugin`:

Notice: We make use of the Jetty version being defined inside the Camel's Parent POM.

So to see if everything is in order we fire up jetty with `mvn jetty:run` and if everything is okay you should be able to access `http://localhost:8080`.
Jetty is smart that it will list the correct URI on the page to our web application, so just click on the link. This is smart as you don't have to remember the exact web context URI for your application - just fire up the default page and Jetty will help you.

So where is the damn webservice then? Well as we did configure the web.xml to instruct the CXF servlet to accept the pattern `/webservices/*` we should hit this URL to get the attention of CXF: `http://localhost:8080/camel-example-reportincident/webservices`.

### Hitting the webservice

Now we have the webservice running in a standard .war application in a standard web container such as Jetty we would like to invoke the webservice and see if we get our code executed. Unfortunately this isn't the easiest task in the world - its not so easy as a REST URL, so we need tools for this. So we fire up our trusty webservice tool SoapUI and let it be the one to fire the webservice request and see the response.

Using SoapUI we sent a request to our webservice and we got the expected OK response and the console outputs the System.out so we are ready to code.

### Remote Debugging

Okay a little sidestep but wouldn't it be cool to be able to debug your code when its fired up under Jetty? As Jetty is started from maven, we need to instruct maven to use debug mode.
Se we set the `MAVEN_OPTS` environment to start in debug mode and listen on port 5005.

Then you need to restart Jetty so its stopped with ctrl + c. Remember to start a new shell to pickup the new environment settings. And start jetty again.

Then we can from our IDE attach a remote debugger and debug as we want.
First we configure IDEA to attach to a remote debugger on port 5005:

Then we set a breakpoint in our code `ReportIncidentEndpoint` and hit the SoapUI once again and we are breaked at the breakpoint where we can inspect the parameters:

### Adding a unit test

Oh so much hard work just to hit a webservice, why can't we just use an unit test to invoke our webservice? Yes of course we can do this, and that's the next step.
First we create the folder structure `src/test/java` and `src/test/resources`. We then create the unit test in the `src/test/java` folder.

Here we have a plain old JUnit class. As we want to test webservices we need to start and expose our webservice in the unit test before we can test it. And JAXWS has pretty decent methods to help us here, the code is simple as:

The Endpoint class is the `javax.xml.ws.Endpoint` that under the covers looks for a provider and in our case its CXF - so its CXF that does the heavy lifting of exposing out webservice on the given URL address. Since our class ReportIncidentEndpointImpl implements the interface ReportIncidentEndpoint that is decorated with all the jaxws annotations it got all the information it need to expose the webservice. Below is the CXF wsdl2java generated interface:

Next up is to create a webservice client so we can invoke our webservice. For this we actually use the CXF framework directly as its a bit more easier to create a client using this framework than using the JAXWS style. We could have done the same for the server part, and you should do this if you need more power and access more advanced features.

So now we are ready for creating a unit test. We have the server and the client. So we just create a plain simple unit test method as the usual junit style:

Now we are nearly there. But if you run the unit test with `mvn test` then it will fail. Why!!! Well its because that CXF needs is missing some dependencies during unit testing. In fact it needs the web container, so we need to add this to our pom.xml.

Well what is that, CXF also uses Jetty for unit test - well its just shows how agile, embedable and popular Jetty is.

So lets run our junit test with, and it reports:

Yep thats it for now. We have a basic project setup.

## End of part 1

Thanks for being patient and reading all this more or less standard Maven, Spring, JAXWS and Apache CXF stuff. Its stuff that is well covered on the net, but I wanted a full fledged tutorial on a maven project setup that is web service ready with Apache CXF. We will use this as a base for the next part where we demonstrate how Camel can be digested slowly and piece by piece just as it was back in the times when was introduced and was learning the Spring framework that we take for granted today.

## #Resources

- Apache CXF user guide

## Links

- Introduction
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
- Part 6

## Part 2

## Adding Camel

In this part we will introduce Camel so we start by adding Camel to our pom.xml:

That's it, only one dependency for now.

Synchronize IDE

If you continue from part 1, remember to update your editor project settings since we have introduce new .jar files. For instance IDEA has a feature to synchronize with Maven projects.

Now we turn towards our webservice endpoint implementation where we want to let Camel have a go at the input we receive. As Camel is very non invasive its basically a .jar file then we can just grap Camel but creating a new instance of `DefaultCamelContext` that is the hearth of Camel its context.

In fact we create a constructor in our webservice and add this code:

## Logging the "Hello World"

Here at first we want Camel to log the givenName and familyName parameters we receive, so we add the `LogComponent` with the key log. And we must start Camel before its ready to act.

Component Documentation

The Log and File components is documented as well, just click on the links. Just return to this documentation later when you must use these components for real.

Then we change the code in the method that is invoked by Apache CXF when a webservice request arrives. We get the name and let Camel have a go at it in the new method we create sendToCamel:

Next is the Camel code. At first it looks like there are many code lines to do a simple task of logging the name - yes it is. But later you will in fact realize this is one of Camels true power. Its concise API. Hint: The same code can be used for any component in Camel.

Okay there are code comments in the code block above that should explain what is happening. We run the code by invoking our unit test with maven `mvn test`, and we should get this log line:

## Write to file - easy with the same code style

Okay that isn't to impressive, Camel can log Well I promised that the above code style can be used for any component, so let's store the payload in a file. We do this by adding the file component to the Camel context

And then we let camel write the payload to the file after we have logged, by creating a new method sendToCamelFile. We want to store the payload in filename with the incident id so we need this parameter also:

And then the code that is 99% identical. We have change the URI configuration when we create the endpoint as we pass in configuration parameters to the file component.
And then we need to set the output filename and this is done by adding a special header to the exchange. That's the only difference:

After running our unit test again with `mvn test` we have a output file in the target folder:

## Fully java based configuration of endpoints

In the file example above the configuration was URI based. What if you want 100% java setter based style, well this is of course also possible. We just need to cast to the component specific endpoint and then we have all the setters available:

That's it. Now we have used the setters to configure the `FileEndpoint` that it should store the file in the folder target/subfolder. Of course Camel now stores the file in the subfolder.

## Lessons learned

Okay I wanted to demonstrate how you can be in 100% control of the configuration and usage of Camel based on plain Java code with no hidden magic or special XML or other configuration files. Just add the camel-core.jar and you are ready to go.

You must have noticed that the code for sending a message to a given endpoint is the same for both the log and file, in fact any Camel endpoint. You as the client shouldn't bother with component specific code such as file stuff for file components, jms stuff for JMS messaging etc. This is what the Message Endpoint EIP pattern is all about and Camel solves this very very nice - a key pattern in Camel.

## Reducing code lines

Now that you have been introduced to Camel and one of its masterpiece patterns solved elegantly with the Message Endpoint its time to give productive and show a solution in fewer code lines, in fact we can get it down to 5, 4, 3, 2 .. yes only 1 line of code.

The key is the ProducerTemplate that is a Spring'ish xxxTemplate based producer. Meaning that it has methods to send messages to any Camel endpoints. First of all we need to get hold of such a template and this is done from the CamelContext

Now we can use template for sending payloads to any endpoint in Camel. So all the logging gabble can be reduced to:

And the same goes for the file, but we must also send the header to instruct what the output filename should be:

## Reducing even more code lines

Well we got the Camel code down to 1-2 lines for sending the message to the component that does all the heavy work of wring the message to a file etc. But we still got 5 lines to initialize Camel.

This can also be reduced. All the standard components in Camel is auto discovered on-the-fly so we can remove these code lines and we are down to 3 lines.

Component auto discovery

When an endpoint is requested with a scheme that Camel hasn't seen before it will try to look for it in the classpath. It will do so by looking for special Camel component marker files that reside in the folder `META-INF/services/org/apache/camel/component`. If there are files in this folder it will read them as the filename is the scheme part of the URL. For instance the log component is defined in this file `META-INF/services/org/apache/component/log` and its content is:

The class property defines the component implementation.

Tip: End-users can create their 3rd party components using the same technique and have them been auto discovered on-the-fly.

Okay back to the 3 code lines:

Later will we see how we can reduce this to ... in fact 0 java code lines. But the 3 lines will do for now.

## Message Translation

Okay lets head back to the over goal of the integration. Looking at the EIP diagrams at the introduction page we need to be able to translate the incoming webservice to an email. Doing so we need to create the email body. When doing the message translation we could put up our sleeves and do it manually in pure java with a StringBuilder such as:

But as always it is a hardcoded template for the mail body and the code gets kinda ugly if the mail message has to be a bit more advanced. But of course it just works out-of-the-box with just classes already in the JDK.

Lets use a template language instead such as Apache Velocity. As Camel have a component for Velocity integration we will use this component. Looking at the Component List overview we can see that camel-velocity component uses the artifactId camel-velocity so therefore we need to add this to the pom.xml

And now we have a Spring conflict as Apache CXF is dependent on Spring 2.0.8 and camel-velocity is dependent on Spring 2.5.5. To remedy this we could wrestle with the pom.xml with excludes settings in the dependencies or just bring in another dependency camel-spring:

In fact camel-spring is such a vital part of Camel that you will end up using it in nearly all situations - we will look into how well Camel is seamless integration with Spring in part 3. For now its just another dependency.

We create the mail body with the Velocity template and create the file `src/main/resources/MailBody.vm`. The content in the MailBody.vm file is:

Letting Camel creating the mail body and storing it as a file is as easy as the following 3 code lines:

What is impressive is that we can just pass in our POJO object we got from Apache CXF to Velocity and it will be able to generate the mail body with this object in its context. Thus we don't need to prepare anything before we let Velocity loose and generate our mail body. Notice that the template method returns a object with out response. This object contains the mail body as a String object. We can cast to String if needed.

If we run our unit test with `mvn test` we can in fact see that Camel has produced the file and we can type its content:

## First part of the solution

What we have seen here is actually what it takes to build the first part of the integration flow. Receiving a request from a webservice, transform it to a mail body and store it to a file, and return an OK response to the webservice. All possible within 10 lines of code. So lets wrap it up here is what it takes:

Okay I missed by one, its in fact only 9 lines of java code and 2 fields.

## End of part 2

I know this is a bit different introduction to Camel to how you can start using it in your projects just as a plain java .jar framework that isn't invasive at all. I took you through the coding parts that requires 6 - 10 lines to send a message to an endpoint, buts it's important to show the Message Endpoint EIP pattern in action and how its implemented in Camel. Yes of course Camel also has to one liners that you can use, and will use in your projects for sending messages to endpoints. This part has been about good old plain java, nothing fancy with Spring, XML files, auto discovery, OGSi or other new technologies. I wanted to demonstrate the basic building blocks in Camel and how its setup in pure god old fashioned Java. There are plenty of eye catcher examples with one liners that does more than you can imagine - we will come there in the later parts.

Okay part 3 is about building the last pieces of the solution and now it gets interesting since we have to wrestle with the event driven consumer.
Brew a cup of coffee, tug the kids and kiss the wife, for now we will have us some fun with the Camel. See you in part 3.

## Links

- Introduction
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
- Part 6

## Part 3

## Recap

Lets just recap on the solution we have now:

This completes the first part of the solution: receiving the message using webservice, transform it to a mail body and store it as a text file.
What is missing is the last part that polls the text files and send them as emails. Here is where some fun starts, as this requires usage of the Event Driven Consumer EIP pattern to react when new files arrives. So lets see how we can do this in Camel. There is a saying: Many roads lead to Rome, and that is also true for Camel - there are many ways to do it in Camel.

## Adding the Event Driven Consumer

We want to add the consumer to our integration that listen for new files, we do this by creating a private method where the consumer code lives. We must register our consumer in Camel before its started so we need to add, and there fore we call the method addMailSenderConsumer in the constructor below:

The consumer needs to be consuming from an endpoint so we grab the endpoint from Camel we want to consume. It's `file://target/subfolder`. Don't be fooled this endpoint doesn't have to 100% identical to the producer, i.e. the endpoint we used in the previous part to create and store the files. We could change the URL to include some options, and to make it more clear that it's possible we setup a delay value to 10 seconds, and the first poll starts after 2 seconds. This is done by adding `?consumer.delay=10000&consumer.initialDelay=2000` to the URL.

URL Configuration

The URL configuration in Camel endpoints is just like regular URL we know from the Internet. You use ? and & to set the options.

When we have the endpoint we can create the consumer (just as in part 1 where we created a producer}. Creating the consumer requires a Processor where we implement the java code what should happen when a message arrives. To get the mail body as a String object we can use the getBody method where we can provide the type we want in return.

Camel Type Converter

Why don't we just cast it as we always do in Java? Well the biggest advantage when you provide the type as a parameter you tell Camel what type you want and Camel can automatically convert it for you, using its flexible Type Converter mechanism. This is a great advantage, and you should try to use this instead of regular type casting.

Sending the email is still left to be implemented, we will do this later. And finally we must remember to start the consumer otherwise its not active and won't listen for new files.

Before we test it we need to be aware that our unit test is only catering for the first part of the solution, receiving the message with webservice, transforming it using Velocity and then storing it as a file - it doesn't test the Event Driven Consumer we just added. As we are eager to see it in action, we just do a common trick adding some sleep in our unit test, that gives our Event Driven Consumer time to react and print to System.out. We will later refine the test:

We run the test with `mvn clean test` and have eyes fixed on the console output.
During all the output in the console, we see that our consumer has been triggered, as we want.

## Sending the email

Sending the email requires access to a SMTP mail server, but the implementation code is very simple:

And just invoke the method from our consumer:

## Unit testing mail

For unit testing the consumer part we will use a mock mail framework, so we add this to our pom.xml:

Then we prepare our integration to run with or without the consumer enabled. We do this to separate the route into the two parts:

- receive the webservice, transform and save mail file and return OK as repose
- the consumer that listen for mail files and send them as emails

So we change the constructor code a bit:

Then remember to change the ReportIncidentEndpointTest to pass in false in the `ReportIncidentEndpointImpl` constructor.
And as always run `mvn clean test` to be sure that the latest code changes works.

## Adding new unit test

We are now ready to add a new unit test that tests the consumer part so we create a new test class that has the following code structure:

As we want to test the consumer that it can listen for files, read the file content and send it as an email to our mailbox we will test it by asserting that we receive 1 mail in our mailbox and that the mail is the one we expect. To do so we need to grab the mailbox with the mockmail API. This is done as simple as:

How do we trigger the consumer? Well by creating a file in the folder it listen for. So we could use plain java.io.File API to create the file, but wait isn't there an smarter solution? ... yes Camel of course. Camel can do amazing stuff in one liner codes with its ProducerTemplate, so we need to get a hold of this baby. We expose this template in our ReportIncidentEndpointImpl but adding this getter:

Then we can use the template to create the file in one code line:

Then we just need to wait a little for the consumer to kick in and do its work and then we should assert that we got the new mail. Easy as just:

The final class for the unit test is:

## End of part 3

Okay we have reached the end of part 3. For now we have only scratched the surface of what Camel is and what it can do. We have introduced Camel into our integration piece by piece and slowly added more and more along the way. And the most important is: you as the developer never lost control. We hit a sweet spot in the webservice implementation where we could write our java code. Adding Camel to the mix is just to use it as a regular java code, nothing magic. We were in control of the flow, we decided when it was time to translate the input to a mail body, we decided when the content should be written to a file. This is very important to not lose control, that the bigger and heavier frameworks tend to do. No names mentioned, but boy do developers from time to time dislike these elephants. And Camel is no elephant.

I suggest you download the samples from part 1 to 3 and try them out. It is great basic knowledge to have in mind when we look at some of the features where Camel really excel - the routing domain language.

From part 1 to 3 we touched concepts such as::

- Endpoint
- URI configuration
- Consumer
- Producer
- Event Driven Consumer
- Component
- CamelContext
- ProducerTemplate
- Processor
- Type Converter

## Links

- Introduction
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
- Part 6

## Part 4

## Introduction

This section is about regular Camel. The examples presented here in this section is much more in common of all the examples we have in the Camel documentation.

If you have been reading the previous 3 parts then, this quote applies:

> you must unlearn what you have learned
> Master Yoda, Star Wars IV

So we start all over again!

## Routing

Camel is particular strong as a light-weight and agile routing and mediation framework. In this part we will introduce the routing concept and how we can introduce this into our solution.
Looking back at the figure from the Introduction page we want to implement this routing. Camel has support for expressing this routing logic using Java as a DSL (Domain Specific Language). In fact Camel also has DSL for XML and Scala. In this part we use the Java DSL as its the most powerful and all developers know Java. Later we will introduce the XML version that is very well integrated with Spring.

Before we jump into it, we want to state that this tutorial is about Developers not loosing control. In my humble experience one of the key fears of developers is that they are forced into a tool/framework where they loose control and/or power, and the possible is now impossible. So in this part we stay clear with this vision and our starting point is as follows:

- We have generated the webservice source code using the CXF wsdl2java generator and we have our ReportIncidentEndpointImpl.java file where we as a Developer feels home and have the power.

So the starting point is:

Yes we have a simple plain Java class where we have the implementation of the webservice. The cursor is blinking at the WE ARE HERE block and this is where we feel home. More or less any Java Developers have implemented webservices using a stack such as: Apache AXIS, Apache CXF or some other quite popular framework. They all allow the developer to be in control and implement the code logic as plain Java code. Camel of course doesn't enforce this to be any different. Okay the boss told us to implement the solution from the figure in the Introduction page and we are now ready to code.

### RouteBuilder

RouteBuilder is the hearth in Camel of the Java DSL routing. This class does all the heavy lifting of supporting EIP verbs for end-users to express the routing. It does take a little while to get settled and used to, but when you have worked with it for a while you will enjoy its power and realize it is in fact a little language inside Java itself. Camel is the only integration framework we are aware of that has Java DSL, all the others are usually only XML based.

As an end-user you usually use the RouteBuilder as of follows:

- create your own Route class that extends RouteBuilder
- implement your routing DSL in the configure method

So we create a new class ReportIncidentRoutes and implement the first part of the routing:

What to notice here is the configure method. Here is where all the action is. Here we have the Java DSL langauge, that is expressed using the fluent builder syntax that is also known from Hibernate when you build the dynamic queries etc. What you do is that you can stack methods separating with the dot.

In the example above we have a very common routing, that can be distilled from pseudo verbs to actual code with:

- from A to B
- From Endpoint A To Endpoint B
- from("endpointA").to("endpointB")
- from("direct:start").to("velocity:MailBody.vm");

from("direct:start") is the consumer that is kick-starting our routing flow. It will wait for messages to arrive on the direct queue and then dispatch the message.
to("velocity:MailBody.vm") is the producer that will receive a message and let Velocity generate the mail body response.

So what we have implemented so far with our ReportIncidentRoutes RouteBuilder is this part of the picture:

### Adding the RouteBuilder

Now we have our RouteBuilder we need to add/connect it to our CamelContext that is the hearth of Camel. So turning back to our webservice implementation class ReportIncidentEndpointImpl we add this constructor to the code, to create the CamelContext and add the routes from our route builder and finally to start it.

Okay how do you use the routes then? Well its just as before we use a ProducerTemplate to send messages to Endpoints, so we just send to the direct:start endpoint and it will take it from there.
So we implement the logic in our webservice operation:

Notice that we get the producer template using the createProducerTemplate method on the CamelContext. Then we send the input parameters to the direct:start endpoint and it will route it to the velocity endpoint that will generate the mail body. Since we use direct as the consumer endpoint (=from) and its a synchronous exchange we will get the response back from the route. And the response is of course the output from the velocity endpoint.

About creating ProducerTemplate

In the example above we create a new `ProducerTemplate` when the `reportIncident` method is invoked. However in reality you should only create the template once and re-use it. See this FAQ entry.

We have now completed this part of the picture:

## Unit testing

Now is the time we would like to unit test what we got now. So we call for camel and its great test kit. For this to work we need to add it to the pom.xml

After adding it to the pom.xml you should refresh your Java Editor so it pickups the new jar. Then we are ready to create out unit test class.
We create this unit test skeleton, where we extend this class `ContextTestSupport`

`ContextTestSupport` is a supporting unit test class for much easier unit testing with Apache Camel. The class is extending JUnit TestCase itself so you get all its glory. What we need to do now is to somehow tell this unit test class that it should use our route builder as this is the one we gonna test. So we do this by implementing the `createRouteBuilder` method.

That is easy just return an instance of our route builder and this unit test will use our routes.

It is quite common in Camel itself to unit test using routes defined as an anonymous inner class, such as illustrated below:

The same technique is of course also possible for end-users of Camel to create parts of your routes and test them separately in many test classes.
However in this tutorial we test the real route that is to be used for production, so we just return an instance of the real one.

We then code our unit test method that sends a message to the route and assert that its transformed to the mail body using the Velocity template.

## Adding the File Backup

The next piece of puzzle that is missing is to store the mail body as a backup file. So we turn back to our route and the EIP patterns. We use the Pipes and Filters pattern here to chain the routing as:

Notice that we just add a 2nd .to on the newline. Camel will default use the Pipes and Filters pattern here when there are multi endpoints chained liked this. We could have used the pipeline verb to let out stand out that its the Pipes and Filters pattern such as:

But most people are using the multi .to style instead.

We re-run out unit test and verifies that it still passes:

But hey we have added the file producer endpoint and thus a file should also be created as the backup file. If we look in the `target/subfolder` we can see that something happened.
On my humble laptop it created this folder: target\subfolder\ID-claus-acer. So the file producer create a sub folder named `ID-claus-acer` what is this? Well Camel auto generates an unique filename based on the unique message id if not given instructions to use a fixed filename. In fact it creates another sub folder and name the file as: target\subfolder\ID-claus-acer\3750-1219148558921\1-0 where 1-0 is the file with the mail body. What we want is to use our own filename instead of this auto generated filename. This is archived by adding a header to the message with the filename to use. So we need to add this to our route and compute the filename based on the message content.

### Setting the filename

For starters we show the simple solution and build from there. We start by setting a constant filename, just to verify that we are on the right path, to instruct the file producer what filename to use. The file producer uses a special header `FileComponent.HEADER_FILE_NAME` to set the filename.

What we do is to send the header when we "kick-start" the routing as the header will be propagated from the direct queue to the file producer. What we need to do is to use the `ProducerTemplate.sendBodyAndHeader` method that takes both a body and a header. So we change out webservice code to include the filename also:

However we could also have used the route builder itself to configure the constant filename as shown below:

But Camel can be smarter and we want to dynamic set the filename based on some of the input parameters, how can we do this?
Well the obvious solution is to compute and set the filename from the webservice implementation, but then the webservice implementation has such logic and we want this decoupled, so we could create our own POJO bean that has a method to compute the filename. We could then instruct the routing to invoke this method to get the computed filename. This is a string feature in Camel, its Bean binding. So lets show how this can be done:

#### Using Bean Language to compute the filename

First we create our plain java class that computes the filename, and it has 100% no dependencies to Camel what so ever.

The class is very simple and we could easily create unit tests for it to verify that it works as expected. So what we want now is to let Camel invoke this class and its generateFilename with the input parameters and use the output as the filename. Pheeeww is this really possible out-of-the-box in Camel? Yes it is. So lets get on with the show. We have the code that computes the filename, we just need to call it from our route using the Bean Language:

Notice that we use the bean language where we supply the class with our bean to invoke. Camel will instantiate an instance of the class and invoke the suited method. For completeness and ease of code readability we add the method name as the 2nd parameter

Then other developers can understand what the parameter is, instead of `null`.

Now we have a nice solution, but as a sidetrack I want to demonstrate the Camel has other languages out-of-the-box, and that scripting language is a first class citizen in Camel where it etc. can be used in content based routing. However we want it to be used for the filename generation.

#### Using a script language to set the filename

We could do as in the previous parts where we send the computed filename as a message header when we "kick-start" the route. But we want to learn new stuff so we look for a different solution using some of Camels many Languages. As OGNL is a favorite language of mine (used by WebWork) so we pick this baby for a Camel ride. For starters we must add it to our pom.xml:

And remember to refresh your editor so you got the new .jars.
We want to construct the filename based on this syntax: `mail-incident-#ID#.txt` where #ID# is the incident id from the input parameters. As OGNL is a language that can invoke methods on bean we can invoke the `getIncidentId()` on the message body and then concat it with the fixed pre and postfix strings.

In OGNL glory this is done as:

where `request.body.incidentId` computes to:

- request is the IN message. See the OGNL for other predefined objects available
- body is the body of the in message
- incidentId will invoke the `getIncidentId()` method on the body.
  The rest is just more or less regular plain code where we can concat strings.

Now we got the expression to dynamic compute the filename on the fly we need to set it on our route so we turn back to our route, where we can add the OGNL expression:

And since we are on Java 1.5 we can use the static import of ognl so we have:

Notice the import static also applies for all the other languages, such as the Bean Language we used previously.

Whatever worked for you we have now implemented the backup of the data files:

## Sending the email

What we need to do before the solution is completed is to actually send the email with the mail body we generated and stored as a file. In the previous part we did this with a File consumer, that we manually added to the CamelContext. We can do this quite easily with the routing.

The last 3 lines of code does all this. It adds a file consumer from("file://target/subfolder"), sets the mail subject, and finally send it as an email.

The DSL is really powerful where you can express your routing integration logic.
So we completed the last piece in the picture puzzle with just 3 lines of code.

We have now completed the integration:

## Conclusion

We have just briefly touched the routing in Camel and shown how to implement them using the fluent builder syntax in Java. There is much more to the routing in Camel than shown here, but we are learning step by step. We continue in part 5. See you there.

## Links

- Introduction
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Part 4
- Part 5
- Part 6

## Better JMS Transport for CXF Webservice using Apache Camel

Configuring JMS in Apache CXF before Version 2.1.3 is possible but not really easy or nice. This article shows how to use Apache Camel to provide a better JMS Transport for CXF.

Update: Since CXF 2.1.3 there is a new way of configuring JMS (Using the JMSConfigFeature). It makes JMS config for CXF as easy as with Camel. Using Camel for JMS is still a good idea if you want to use the rich feature of Camel for routing and other Integration Scenarios that CXF does not support.

You can find the original announcement for this Tutorial and some additional info on Christian Schneider´s Blog

### So how to connect Apache Camel and CXF

The best way to connect Camel and CXF is using the Camel transport for CXF. This is a camel module that registers with cxf as a new transport. It is quite easy to configure.

This bean registers with CXF and provides a new transport prefix camel:// that can be used in CXF address configurations. The bean references a bean cxf which will be already present in your config. The other refrenceis a camel context. We will later define this bean to provide the routing config.

### How is JMS configured in Camel

In camel you need two things to configure JMS. A ConnectionFactory and a JMSComponent. As ConnectionFactory you can simply set up the normal Factory your JMS provider offers or bind a JNDI ConnectionFactory. In this example we use the ConnectionFactory provided by ActiveMQ.

Then we set up the JMSComponent. It offers a new transport prefix to camel that we simply call jms. If we need several JMSComponents we can differentiate them by their name.

You can find more details about the JMSComponent at the Camel Wiki. For example you find the complete configuration options and a JNDI sample there.

### Setting up the CXF client

We will configure a simple CXF webservice client. It will use stub code generated from a wsdl. The webservice client will be configured to use JMS directly. You can also use a direct: Endpoint and do the routing to JMS in the Camel Context.

We explicitly configure serviceName and endpointName so they are not read from the wsdl. The names we use are arbitrary and have no further function but we set them to look nice. The serviceclass points to the service interface that was generated from the wsdl. Now the important thing is address. Here we tell cxf to use the camel transport, use the JmsComponent who registered the prefix "jms" and use the queue "CustomerService".

### Setting up the CamelContext

As we do not need additional routing an empty CamelContext bean will suffice.

### Running the Example

- Download the example project here

- Follow the readme.txt

### Conclusion

As you have seen in this example you can use Camel to connect services to JMS easily while being able to also use the rich integration features of Apache Camel.

## Tutorial using Axis 1.4 with Apache Camel

Removed from distribution

This example has been removed from Camel 2.9 onwards. Apache Axis 1.4 is a very old and unsupported framework. We encourage users to use CXF instead of Axis.

### Prerequisites

This tutorial uses Maven 2 to setup the Camel project and for dependencies for artifacts.

### Distribution

This sample is distributed with the Camel 1.5 distribution as `examples/camel-example-axis`.

### Introduction

Apache Axis is/was widely used as a webservice framework. So in line with some of the other tutorials to demonstrate how Camel is not an invasive framework but is flexible and integrates well with existing solution.

We have an existing solution that exposes a webservice using Axis 1.4 deployed as web applications. This is a common solution. We use contract first so we have Axis generated source code from an existing wsdl file. Then we show how we introduce Spring and Camel to integrate with Axis.

This tutorial uses the following frameworks:

- Maven 2.0.9
- Apache Camel 1.5.0
- Apache Axis 1.4
- Spring 2.5.5

### Setting up the project to run Axis

This first part is about getting the project up to speed with Axis. We are not touching Camel or Spring at this time.

#### Maven 2

Axis dependencies is available for maven 2 so we configure our pom.xml as:

Then we need to configure maven to use Java 1.5 and the Axis maven plugin that generates the source code based on the wsdl file:

#### wsdl

We use the same .wsdl file as the Tutorial-Example-ReportIncident and copy it to `src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/wsdl`

#### Configuring Axis

Okay we are now setup for the contract first development and can generate the source file. For now we are still only using standard Axis and not Spring nor Camel. We still need to setup Axis as a web application so we configure the web.xml in `src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml` as:

The web.xml just registers Axis servlet that is handling the incoming web requests to its servlet mapping. We still need to configure Axis itself and this is done using its special configuration file `server-config.wsdd`. We nearly get this file for free if we let Axis generate the source code so we run the maven goal:

The tool will generate the source code based on the wsdl and save the files to the following folder:

This is standard Axis and so far no Camel or Spring has been touched. To implement our webservice we will add our code, so we create a new class `AxisReportIncidentService` that implements the port type interface where we can implement our code logic what happens when the webservice is invoked.

Now we need to configure Axis itself and this is done using its `server-config.wsdd` file. We nearly get this for for free from the auto generated code, we copy the stuff from `deploy.wsdd` and made a few modifications:

The globalConfiguration and transport is not in the deploy.wsdd file so you gotta write that yourself. The service is a 100% copy from deploy.wsdd. Axis has more configuration to it than shown here, but then you should check the Axis documentation.

What we need to do now is important, as we need to modify the above configuration to use our webservice class than the default one, so we change the classname parameter to our class AxisReportIncidentService:

#### Running the Example

Now we are ready to run our example for the first time, so we use Jetty as the quick web container using its maven command:

Then we can hit the web browser and enter this URL: `http://localhost:8080/camel-example-axis/services` and you should see the famous Axis start page with the text And now... Some Services.

Clicking on the .wsdl link shows the wsdl file, but what. It's an auto generated one and not our original .wsdl file. So we need to fix this ASAP and this is done by configuring Axis in the server-config.wsdd file:

We do this by adding the wsdlFile tag in the service element where we can point to the real .wsdl file.

### Integrating Spring

First we need to add its dependencies to the pom.xml.

Spring is integrated just as it would like to, we add its listener to the web.xml and a context parameter to be able to configure precisely what spring xml files to use:

Next is to add a plain spring XML file named axis-example-context.xml in the src/main/resources folder.

The spring XML file is currently empty. We hit jetty again with `mvn jetty:run` just to make sure Spring was setup correctly.

#### Using Spring

We would like to be able to get hold of the Spring ApplicationContext from our webservice so we can get access to the glory spring, but how do we do this? And our webservice class AxisReportIncidentService is created and managed by Axis we want to let Spring do this. So we have two problems.

We solve these problems by creating a delegate class that Axis creates, and this delegate class gets hold on Spring and then gets our real webservice as a spring bean and invoke the service.

First we create a new class that is 100% independent from Axis and just a plain POJO. This is our real service.

So now we need to get from AxisReportIncidentService to this one ReportIncidentService using Spring. Well first of all we add our real service to spring XML configuration file so Spring can handle its lifecycle:

And then we need to modify AxisReportIncidentService to use Spring to lookup the spring bean id="incidentservice" and delegate the call. We do this by extending the spring class `org.springframework.remoting.jaxrpc.ServletEndpointSupport` so the refactored code is:

To see if everything is okay we run `mvn jetty:run`.

In the code above we get hold of our service at each request by looking up in the application context. However Spring also supports an init method where we can do this once. So we change the code to:

So now we have integrated Axis with Spring and we are ready for Camel.

### Integrating Camel

Again the first step is to add the dependencies to the maven pom.xml file:

Now that we have integrated with Spring then we easily integrate with Camel as Camel works well with Spring.

Camel does not require Spring

Camel does not require Spring, we could easily have used Camel without Spring, but most users prefer to use Spring also.

We choose to integrate Camel in the Spring XML file so we add the camel namespace and the schema location:

#### CamelContext

CamelContext is the heart of Camel its where all the routes, endpoints, components, etc. is registered. So we setup a CamelContext and the spring XML files looks like:

#### Store a file backup

We want to store the web service request as a file before we return a response. To do this we want to send the file content as a message to an endpoint that produces the file. So we need to do two steps:

- configure the file backup endpoint
- send the message to the endpoint

The endpoint is configured in spring XML so we just add it as:

In the CamelContext we have defined our endpoint with the id `backup` and configured it use the URL notation that we know from the internet. Its a `file` scheme that accepts a context and some options. The contest is `target` and its the folder to store the file. The option is just as the internet with ? and & for subsequent options. We configure it to not append, meaning than any existing file will be overwritten. See the File component for options and how to use the camel file endpoint.

Next up is to be able to send a message to this endpoint. The easiest way is to use a ProducerTemplate. A ProducerTemplate is inspired by Spring template pattern with for instance JmsTemplate or JdbcTemplate in mind. The template that all the grunt work and exposes a simple interface to the end-user where he/she can set the payload to send. Then the template will do proper resource handling and all related issues in that regard. But how do we get hold of such a template? Well the CamelContext is able to provide one. This is done by configuring the template on the camel context in the spring XML as:

Then we can expose a ProducerTemplate property on our service with a setter in the Java code as:

And then let Spring handle the dependency inject as below:

Now we are ready to use the producer template in our service to send the payload to the endpoint. The template has many sendXXX methods for this purpose. But before we send the payload to the file endpoint we must also specify what filename to store the file as. This is done by sending meta data with the payload. In Camel metadata is sent as headers. Headers is just a plain `Map<String, Object>`. So if we needed to send several metadata then we could construct an ordinary HashMap and put the values in there. But as we just need to send one header with the filename Camel has a convenient send method `sendBodyAndHeader` so we choose this one.

The template in the code above uses 4 parameters:

- the endpoint name, in this case the id referring to the endpoint defined in Spring XML in the camelContext element.
- the payload, can be any kind of object
- the key for the header, in this case a Camel keyword to set the filename
- and the value for the header

### Running the example

We start our integration with maven using `mvn jetty:run`. Then we open a browser and hit `http://localhost:8080`. Jetty is so smart that it display a frontpage with links to the deployed application so just hit the link and you get our application. Now we hit append /services to the URL to access the Axis frontpage. The URL should be `http://localhost:8080/camel-example-axis/services`.

You can then test it using a web service test tools such as SoapUI.
Hitting the service will output to the console

And there should be a file in the target subfolder.

### Unit Testing

We would like to be able to unit test our ReportIncidentService class. So we add junit to the maven dependency:

And then we create a plain junit testcase for our service class.

Then we can run the test with maven using: `mvn test`. But we will get a failure:

What is the problem? Well our service uses a CamelProducer (the template) to send a message to the file endpoint so the message will be stored in a file. What we need is to get hold of such a producer and inject it on our service, by calling the setter.

Since Camel is very light weight and embedable we are able to create a CamelContext and add the endpoint in our unit test code directly. We do this to show how this is possible:

So now we are ready to set the ProducerTemplate on our service, and we get a hold of that baby from the CamelContext as:

And this time when we run the unit test its a success:

We would like to test that the file exists so we add these two lines to our test method:

#### Smarter Unit Testing with Spring

The unit test above requires us to assemble the Camel pieces manually in java code. What if we would like our unit test to use our spring configuration file axis-example-context.xml where we already have setup the endpoint. And of course we would like to test using this configuration file as this is the real file we will use. Well hey presto the xml file is a spring ApplicationContext file and spring is able to load it, so we go the spring path for unit testing. First we add the spring-test jar to our maven dependency:

And then we refactor our unit test to be a standard spring unit class. What we need to do is to extend `AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests` instead of `TestCase` in our unit test. Since Spring 2.5 embraces annotations we will use one as well to instruct what our xml configuration file is located:

What we must remember to add is the classpath: prefix as our xml file is located in `src/main/resources`. If we omit the prefix then Spring will by default try to locate the xml file in the current package and that is org.apache.camel.example.axis. If the xml file is located outside the classpath you can use file: prefix instead. So with these two modifications we can get rid of all the setup and teardown code we had before and now we will test our real configuration.

The last change is to get hold of the producer template and now we can just refer to the bean id it has in the spring xml file:

So we get hold of it by just getting it from the spring ApplicationContext as all spring users is used to do:

Now our unit test is much better, and a real power of Camel is that is fits nicely with Spring and you can use standard Spring'ish unit test to test your Camel applications as well.

### Unit Test calling WebService

What if you would like to execute a unit test where you send a webservice request to the AxisReportIncidentService how do we unit test this one? Well first of all the code is merely just a delegate to our real service that we have just tested, but nevertheless its a good question and we would like to know how. Well the answer is that we can exploit that fact that Jetty is also a slim web container that can be embedded anywhere just as Camel can. So we add this to our pom.xml:

Then we can create a new class AxisReportIncidentServiceTest to unit test with Jetty. The code to setup Jetty is shown below with code comments:

Now we just need to send the incident as a webservice request using Axis. So we add the following code:

And now we have an unittest that sends a webservice request using good old Axis.

### Annotations

Both Camel and Spring has annotations that can be used to configure and wire trivial settings more elegantly. Camel has the endpoint annotation `@EndpointInjected` that is just what we need. With this annotation we can inject the endpoint into our service. The annotation takes either a name or uri parameter. The name is the bean id in the Registry. The uri is the URI configuration for the endpoint. Using this you can actually inject an endpoint that you have not defined in the camel context. As we have defined our endpoint with the id backup we use the name parameter.

Camel is smart as `@EndpointInjected` supports different kinds of object types. We like the ProducerTemplate so we just keep it as it is.
Since we use annotations on the field directly we do not need to set the property in the spring xml file so we change our service bean:

Running the unit test with `mvn test` reveals that it works nicely.

And since we use the `@EndpointInjected` that refers to the endpoint with the id backup directly we can loose the template tag in the xml, so its shorter:

And the final touch we can do is that since the endpoint is injected with concrete endpoint to use we can remove the `"backup"` name parameter when we send the message. So we change from:

To without the name:

Then we avoid to duplicate the name and if we rename the endpoint name then we don't forget to change it in the code also.

### The End

This tutorial hasn't really touched the one of the key concept of Camel as a powerful routing and mediation framework. But we wanted to demonstrate its flexibility and that it integrates well with even older frameworks such as Apache Axis 1.4.

Check out the other tutorials on Camel and the other examples.

Note that the code shown here also applies to Camel 1.4 so actually you can get started right away with the released version of Camel. As this time of writing Camel 1.5 is work in progress.

### See Also

- Tutorials
- Examples

## Tutorial on using Camel in a Web Application

Camel has been designed to work great with the Spring framework; so if you are already a Spring user you can think of Camel as just a framework for adding to your Spring XML files.

So you can follow the usual Spring approach to working with web applications; namely to add the standard Spring hook to load a /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml file. In that file you can include your usual Camel XML configuration.

### Step1: Edit your web.xml

To enable spring add a context loader listener to your /WEB-INF/web.xml file

This will cause Spring to boot up and look for the /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml file.

### Step 2: Create a /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml file

Now you just need to create your Spring XML file and add your camel routes or configuration.

For example

Then boot up your web application and you're good to go!

### Hints and Tips

If you use Maven to build your application your directory tree will look like this...

You should update your Maven pom.xml to enable WAR packaging/naming like this...

To enable more rapid development we highly recommend the jetty:run maven plugin.

Please refer to the help for more information on using jetty:run - but briefly if you add the following to your pom.xml

Then you can run your web application as follows

Then Jetty will also monitor your target/classes directory and your src/main/webapp directory so that if you modify your spring XML, your web.xml or your java code the web application will be restarted, re-creating your Camel routes.

If your unit tests take a while to run, you could miss them out when running your web application via

## Tutorial Business Partners

Under Construction

This tutorial is a work in progress.

## Background and Introduction

### Business Background

So there's a company, which we'll call Acme. Acme sells widgets, in a fairly unusual way. Their customers are responsible for telling Acme what they purchased. The customer enters into their own systems (ERP or whatever) which widgets they bought from Acme. Then at some point, their systems emit a record of the sale which needs to go to Acme so Acme can bill them for it. Obviously, everyone wants this to be as automated as possible, so there needs to be integration between the customer's system and Acme.

Sadly, Acme's sales people are, technically speaking, doormats. They tell all their prospects, "you can send us the data in whatever format, using whatever protocols, whatever. You just can't change once it's up and running."

The result is pretty much what you'd expect. Taking a random sample of 3 customers:

- Customer 1: XML over FTP
- Customer 2: CSV over HTTP
- Customer 3: Excel via e-mail

Now on the Acme side, all this has to be converted to a canonical XML format and submitted to the Acme accounting system via JMS. Then the Acme accounting system does its stuff and sends an XML reply via JMS, with a summary of what it processed (e.g. 3 line items accepted, line item #2 in error, total invoice $123.45). Finally, that data needs to be formatted into an e-mail, and sent to a contact at the customer in question ("Dear Joyce, we received an invoice on 1/2/08. We accepted 3 line items totaling $123.45, though there was an error with line items #2 [invalid quantity ordered]. Thank you for your business. Love, Acme.").

So it turns out Camel can handle all this:

- Listen for HTTP, e-mail, and FTP files
- Grab attachments from the e-mail messages
- Convert XML, XLS, and CSV files to a canonical XML format
- read and write JMS messages
- route based on company ID
- format e-mails using Velocity templates
- send outgoing e-mail messages

### Tutorial Background

This tutorial will cover all that, plus setting up tests along the way.

Before starting, you should be familiar with:

- Camel concepts including the CamelContext, Routes, Components and Endpoints, and Enterprise Integration Patterns
- Configuring Camel with the XML or Java DSL

You'll learn:

- How to set up a Maven build for a Camel project
- How to transform XML, CSV, and Excel data into a standard XML format with Camel
  - How to write POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects), Velocity templates, and XSLT stylesheets that are invoked by Camel routes for message transformation
- How to configure simple and complex Routes in Camel, using either the XML or the Java DSL format
- How to set up unit tests that load a Camel configuration and test Camel routes
- How to use Camel's Data Formats to automatically convert data between Java objects and XML, CSV files, etc.
- How to send and receive e-mail from Camel
- How to send and receive JMS messages from Camel
- How to use Enterprise Integration Patterns including Message Router and Pipes and Filters
  - How to use various languages to express content-based routing rules in Camel
- How to deal with Camel messages, headers, and attachments

You may choose to treat this as a hands-on tutorial, and work through building the code and configuration files yourself. Each of the sections gives detailed descriptions of the steps that need to be taken to get the components and routes working in Camel, and takes you through tests to make sure they are working as expected.

But each section also links to working copies of the source and configuration files, so if you don't want the hands-on approach, you can simply review and/or download the finished files.

### High-Level Diagram

Here's more or less what the integration process looks like.

First, the input from the customers to Acme:

And then, the output from Acme to the customers:

### Tutorial Tasks

To get through this scenario, we're going to break it down into smaller pieces, implement and test those, and then try to assemble the big scenario and test that.

Here's what we'll try to accomplish:

1. Create a Maven build for the project
2. Get sample files for the customer Excel, CSV, and XML input
3. Get a sample file for the canonical XML format that Acme's accounting system uses
4. Create an XSD for the canonical XML format
5. Create JAXB POJOs corresponding to the canonical XSD
6. Create an XSLT stylesheet to convert the Customer 1 (XML over FTP) messages to the canonical format
7. Create a unit test to ensure that a simple Camel route invoking the XSLT stylesheet works
8. Create a POJO that converts a `List<List<String>>` to the above JAXB POJOs
   - Note that Camel can automatically convert CSV input to a List of Lists of Strings representing the rows and columns of the CSV, so we'll use this POJO to handle Customer 2 (CSV over HTTP)
9. Create a unit test to ensure that a simple Camel route invoking the CSV processing works
10. Create a POJO that converts a Customer 3 Excel file to the above JAXB POJOs (using POI to read Excel)
11. Create a unit test to ensure that a simple Camel route invoking the Excel processing works
12. Create a POJO that reads an input message, takes an attachment off the message, and replaces the body of the message with the attachment
    - This is assuming for Customer 3 (Excel over e-mail) that the e-mail contains a single Excel file as an attachment, and the actual e-mail body is throwaway
13. Build a set of Camel routes to handle the entire input (Customer -> Acme) side of the scenario.
14. Build unit tests for the Camel input.
15. TODO: Tasks for the output (Acme -> Customer) side of the scenario

## Let's Get Started!

### Step 1: Initial Maven build

We'll use Maven for this project as there will eventually be quite a few dependencies and it's nice to have Maven handle them for us. You should have a current version of Maven (e.g. 2.0.9) installed.

You can start with a pretty empty project directory and a Maven POM file, or use a simple JAR archetype to create one.

Here's a sample POM. We've added a dependency on camel-core, and set the compile version to 1.5 (so we can use annotations):

pom.xml

### Step 2: Get Sample Files

You can make up your own if you like, but here are the "off the shelf" ones. You can save yourself some time by downloading these to `src/test/resources` in your Maven project.

- Customer 1 (XML): input-customer1.xml
- Customer 2 (CSV): input-customer2.csv
- Customer 3 (Excel): input-customer3.xls
- Canonical Acme XML Request: canonical-acme-request.xml
- Canonical Acme XML Response: TODO

If you look at these files, you'll see that the different input formats use different field names and/or ordering, because of course the sales guys were totally OK with that. Sigh.

### Step 3: XSD and JAXB Beans for the Canonical XML Format

Here's the sample of the canonical XML file:

If you're ambitions, you can write your own XSD (XML Schema) for files that look like this, and save it to `src/main/xsd`.

Solution: If not, you can download mine, and save that to save it to `src/main/xsd`.

#### Generating JAXB Beans

Down the road we'll want to deal with the XML as Java POJOs. We'll take a moment now to set up those XML binding POJOs. So we'll update the Maven POM to generate JAXB beans from the XSD file.

We need a dependency:

And a plugin configured:

That should do it (it automatically looks for XML Schemas in `src/main/xsd` to generate beans for). Run mvn install and it should emit the beans into `target/generated-sources/jaxb`. Your IDE should see them there, though you may need to update the project to reflect the new settings in the Maven POM.

### Step 4: Initial Work on Customer 1 Input (XML over FTP)

To get a start on Customer 1, we'll create an XSLT template to convert the Customer 1 sample file into the canonical XML format, write a small Camel route to test it, and build that into a unit test. If we get through this, we can be pretty sure that the XSLT template is valid and can be run safely in Camel.

#### Create an XSLT template

Start with the Customer 1 sample input. You want to create an XSLT template to generate XML like the canonical XML sample above – an `invoice` element with `line-item` elements (one per item in the original XML document). If you're especially clever, you can populate the current date and order total elements too.

Solution: My sample XSLT template isn't that smart, but it'll get you going if you don't want to write one of your own.

#### Create a unit test

Here's where we get to some meaty Camel work. We need to:

- Set up a unit test
- That loads a Camel configuration
- That has a route invoking our XSLT
- Where the test sends a message to the route
- And ensures that some XML comes out the end of the route

The easiest way to do this is to set up a Spring context that defines the Camel stuff, and then use a base unit test class from Spring that knows how to load a Spring context to run tests against. So, the procedure is:

##### Set Up a Skeletal Camel/Spring Unit Test

1. Add dependencies on Camel-Spring, and the Spring test JAR (which will automatically bring in JUnit 3.8.x) to your POM:
2. Create a new unit test class in `src/test/java/your-package-here`, perhaps called `XMLInputTest.java`
3. Make the test extend Spring's AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests class, so it can load a Spring context for the test
4. Create a Spring context configuration file in `src/test/resources`, perhaps called `XMLInputTest-context.xml`
5. In the unit test class, use the class-level @ContextConfiguration annotation to indicate that a Spring context should be loaded
   - By default, this looks for a Context configuration file called `TestClassName-context.xml` in a subdirectory corresponding to the package of the test class. For instance, if your test class was `org.apache.camel.tutorial.XMLInputTest`, it would look for `org/apache/camel/tutorial/XMLInputTest-context.xml`
   - To override this default, use the locations attribute on the @ContextConfiguration annotation to provide specific context file locations (starting each path with a / if you don't want it to be relative to the package directory). My solution does this so I can put the context file directly in `src/test/resources` instead of in a package directory under there.
6. Add a CamelContext instance variable to the test class, with the @Autowired annotation. That way Spring will automatically pull the CamelContext out of the Spring context and inject it into our test class.
7. Add a ProducerTemplate instance variable and a `setUp` method that instantiates it from the CamelContext. We'll use the ProducerTemplate later to send messages to the route.
8. Put in an empty test method just for the moment (so when we run this we can see that "1 test succeeded")
9. Add the Spring <beans> element (including the Camel Namespace) with an empty <camelContext> element to the Spring context, like this:

Test it by running mvn install and make sure there are no build errors. So far it doesn't test much; just that your project and test and source files are all organized correctly, and the one empty test method completes successfully.

Solution: Your test class might look something like this:

- src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/XMLInputTest.java
- src/test/resources/XMLInputTest-context.xml (same as just above)

##### Flesh Out the Unit Test

So now we're going to write a Camel route that applies the XSLT to the sample Customer 1 input file, and makes sure that some XML output comes out:

1. Save the input-customer1.xml file to `src/test/resources`
2. Save your XSLT file (created in the previous step) to `src/main/resources`
3. Write a Camel Route, either right in the Spring XML, or using the Java DSL (in another class under `src/test/java` somewhere). This route should use the Pipes and Filters integration pattern to:
   1. Start from the endpoint direct:start (which lets the test conveniently pass messages into the route)
   2. Call the endpoint xslt:YourXSLTFile.xsl (to transform the message with the specified XSLT template)
   3. Send the result to the endpoint mock:finish (which lets the test verify the route output)
4. Add a test method to the unit test class that:
   1. Get a reference to the Mock endpoint `mock:finish` using code like this:
   2. Set the expectedMessageCount on that endpoint to 1
   3. Get a reference to the Customer 1 input file, using code like this:
   4. Send that InputStream as a message to the `direct:start` endpoint, using code like this:
      Note that we can send the sample file body in several formats (File, InputStream, String, etc.) but in this case an InputStream is pretty convenient.
   5. Ensure that the message made it through the route to the final endpoint, by testing all configured Mock endpoints like this:
   6. If you like, inspect the final message body using some code like `finish.getExchanges().get(0).getIn().getBody()`.
      - If you do this, you'll need to know what format that body is – String, byte array, InputStream, etc.
5. Run your test with mvn install and make sure the build completes successfully.

Solution: Your finished test might look something like this:

- src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/XMLInputTest.java
- For XML Configuration:
  - src/test/resources/XMLInputTest-context.xml
- Or, for Java DSL Configuration:
  - src/test/resources/XMLInputTest-dsl-context.xml
  - src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/routes/XMLInputTestRoute.java

Test Base Class

Once your test class is working, you might want to extract things like the @Autowired CamelContext, the ProducerTemplate, and the setUp method to a custom base class that you extend with your other tests.

### Step 5: Initial Work on Customer 2 Input (CSV over HTTP)

To get a start on Customer 2, we'll create a POJO to convert the Customer 2 sample CSV data into the JAXB POJOs representing the canonical XML format, write a small Camel route to test it, and build that into a unit test. If we get through this, we can be pretty sure that the CSV conversion and JAXB handling is valid and can be run safely in Camel.

#### Create a CSV-handling POJO

To begin with, CSV is a known data format in Camel. Camel can convert a CSV file to a List (representing rows in the CSV) of Lists (representing cells in the row) of Strings (the data for each cell). That means our POJO can just assume the data coming in is of type `List<List<String>>`, and we can declare a method with that as the argument.

Looking at the JAXB code in `target/generated-sources/jaxb`, it looks like an `Invoice` object represents the whole document, with a nested list of LineItemType objects for the line items. Therefore our POJO method will return an `Invoice` (a document in the canonical XML format).

So to implement the CSV-to-JAXB POJO, we need to do something like this:

1. Create a new class under `src/main/java`, perhaps called `CSVConverterBean`.
2. Add a method, with one argument of type `List<List<String>>` and the return type `Invoice`
   - You may annotate the argument with @Body to specifically designate it as the body of the incoming message
3. In the method, the logic should look roughly like this:
   1. Create a new `Invoice`, using the method on the generated `ObjectFactory` class
   2. Loop through all the rows in the incoming CSV (the outer `List`)
   3. Skip the first row, which contains headers (column names)
   4. For the other rows:
      1. Create a new `LineItemType` (using the `ObjectFactory` again)
      2. Pick out all the cell values (the Strings in the inner `List`) and put them into the correct fields of the `LineItemType`
         - Not all of the values will actually go into the line item in this example
         - You may hardcode the column ordering based on the sample data file, or else try to read it dynamically from the headers in the first line
         - Note that you'll need to use a JAXB `DatatypeFactory` to create the `XMLGregorianCalendar` values that JAXB uses for the `date` fields in the XML – which probably means using a `SimpleDateFormat` to parse the date and setting that date on a `GregorianCalendar`
      3. Add the line item to the invoice
   5. Populate the partner ID, date of receipt, and order total on the `Invoice`
   6. Throw any exceptions out of the method, so Camel knows something went wrong
   7. Return the finished `Invoice`

Solution: Here's an example of what the CSVConverterBean might look like.

#### Create a unit test

Start with a simple test class and test Spring context like last time, perhaps based on the name `CSVInputTest`:

CSVInputTest.java
CSVInputTest-context.xml

Now the meaty part is to flesh out the test class and write the Camel routes.

1. Update the Maven POM to include CSV Data Format support:
2. Write the routes (right in the Spring XML context, or using the Java DSL) for the CSV conversion process, again using the Pipes and Filters pattern:
   1. Start from the endpoint direct:CSVstart (which lets the test conveniently pass messages into the route). We'll name this differently than the starting point for the previous test, in case you use the Java DSL and put all your routes in the same package (which would mean that each test would load the DSL routes for several tests.)
   2. This time, there's a little preparation to be done. Camel doesn't know that the initial input is a CSV, so it won't be able to convert it to the expected `List<List<String>>` without a little hint. For that, we need an unmarshal transformation in the route. The `unmarshal` method (in the DSL) or element (in the XML) takes a child indicating the format to unmarshal; in this case that should be `csv`.
   3. Next invoke the POJO to transform the message with a bean:CSVConverter endpoint
   4. As before, send the result to the endpoint mock:finish (which lets the test verify the route output)
   5. Finally, we need a Spring `<bean>` element in the Spring context XML file (but outside the `<camelContext>` element) to define the Spring bean that our route invokes. This Spring bean should have a `name` attribute that matches the name used in the `bean` endpoint (`CSVConverter` in the example above), and a `class` attribute that points to the CSV-to-JAXB POJO class you wrote above (such as, `org.apache.camel.tutorial.CSVConverterBean`). When Spring is in the picture, any `bean` endpoints look up Spring beans with the specified name.
3. Write a test method in the test class, which should look very similar to the previous test class:
   1. Get the MockEndpoint for the final endpoint, and tell it to expect one message
   2. Load the Partner 2 sample CSV file from the ClassPath, and send it as the body of a message to the starting endpoint
   3. Verify that the final MockEndpoint is satisfied (that is, it received one message) and examine the message body if you like
      - Note that we didn't marshal the JAXB POJOs to XML in this test, so the final message should contain an `Invoice` as the body. You could write a simple line of code to get the Exchange (and Message) from the MockEndpoint to confirm that.
4. Run this new test with mvn install and make sure it passes and the build completes successfully.

Solution: Your finished test might look something like this:

- src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/CSVInputTest.java
- For XML Configuration:
  - src/test/resources/CSVInputTest-context.xml
- Or, for Java DSL Configuration:
  - src/test/resources/CSVInputTest-dsl-context.xml
  - src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/routes/CSVInputTestRoute.java

### Step 6: Initial Work on Customer 3 Input (Excel over e-mail)

To get a start on Customer 3, we'll create a POJO to convert the Customer 3 sample Excel data into the JAXB POJOs representing the canonical XML format, write a small Camel route to test it, and build that into a unit test. If we get through this, we can be pretty sure that the Excel conversion and JAXB handling is valid and can be run safely in Camel.

#### Create an Excel-handling POJO

Camel does not have a data format handler for Excel by default. We have two options – create an Excel DataFormat (so Camel can convert Excel spreadsheets to something like the CSV `List<List<String>>` automatically), or create a POJO that can translate Excel data manually. For now, the second approach is easier (if we go the `DataFormat` route, we need code to both read and write Excel files, whereas otherwise read-only will do).

So, we need a POJO with a method that takes something like an `InputStream` or `byte[]` as an argument, and returns in `Invoice` as before. The process should look something like this:

1. Update the Maven POM to include POI support:
2. Create a new class under `src/main/java`, perhaps called `ExcelConverterBean`.
3. Add a method, with one argument of type `InputStream` and the return type `Invoice`
   - You may annotate the argument with @Body to specifically designate it as the body of the incoming message
4. In the method, the logic should look roughly like this:
   1. Create a new `Invoice`, using the method on the generated `ObjectFactory` class
   2. Create a new HSSFWorkbook from the `InputStream`, and get the first sheet from it
   3. Loop through all the rows in the sheet
   4. Skip the first row, which contains headers (column names)
   5. For the other rows:
      1. Create a new `LineItemType` (using the `ObjectFactory` again)
      2. Pick out all the cell values and put them into the correct fields of the `LineItemType` (you'll need some data type conversion logic)
         - Not all of the values will actually go into the line item in this example
         - You may hardcode the column ordering based on the sample data file, or else try to read it dynamically from the headers in the first line
         - Note that you'll need to use a JAXB `DatatypeFactory` to create the `XMLGregorianCalendar` values that JAXB uses for the `date` fields in the XML – which probably means setting the date from a date cell on a `GregorianCalendar`
      3. Add the line item to the invoice
   6. Populate the partner ID, date of receipt, and order total on the `Invoice`
   7. Throw any exceptions out of the method, so Camel knows something went wrong
   8. Return the finished `Invoice`

Solution: Here's an example of what the ExcelConverterBean might look like.

#### Create a unit test

The unit tests should be pretty familiar now. The test class and context for the Excel bean should be quite similar to the CSV bean.

1. Create the basic test class and corresponding Spring Context XML configuration file
2. The XML config should look a lot like the CSV test, except:
   - Remember to use a different start endpoint name if you're using the Java DSL and not use separate packages per test
   - You don't need the `unmarshal` step since the Excel POJO takes the raw `InputStream` from the source endpoint
   - You'll declare a `<bean>` and endpoint for the Excel bean prepared above instead of the CSV bean
3. The test class should look a lot like the CSV test, except use the right input file name and start endpoint name.

Logging

You may notice that your tests emit a lot less output all of a sudden. The dependency on POI brought in Log4J and configured commons-logging to use it, so now we need a log4j.properties file to configure log output. You can use the attached one (snarfed from ActiveMQ) or write your own; either way save it to `src/main/resources` to ensure you continue to see log output.

Solution: Your finished test might look something like this:

- src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/ExcelInputTest.java
- For XML Configuration:
  - src/test/resources/ExcelInputTest-context.xml
- Or, for Java DSL Configuration:
  - src/test/resources/ExcelInputTest-dsl-context.xml
  - src/test/java/org/apache/camel/tutorial/routes/ExcelInputTestRoute.java

### Step 7: Put this all together into Camel routes for the Customer Input

With all the data type conversions working, the next step is to write the real routes that listen for HTTP, FTP, or e-mail input, and write the final XML output to an ActiveMQ queue. Along the way these routes will use the data conversions we've developed above.

So we'll create 3 routes to start with, as shown in the diagram back at the beginning:

1. Accept XML orders over FTP from Customer 1 (we'll assume the FTP server dumps files in a local directory on the Camel machine)
2. Accept CSV orders over HTTP from Customer 2
3. Accept Excel orders via e-mail from Customer 3 (we'll assume the messages are sent to an account we can access via IMAP)

...

### Step 8: Create a unit test for the Customer Input Routes

# Languages Supported Appendix

To support flexible and powerful Enterprise Integration Patterns Camel supports various Languages to create an Expression or Predicate within either the Routing Domain Specific Language or the Xml Configuration. The following languages are supported

## Bean Language

The purpose of the Bean Language is to be able to implement an Expression or Predicate using a simple method on a bean.

So the idea is you specify a bean name which will then be resolved in the Registry such as the Spring ApplicationContext then a method is invoked to evaluate the Expression or Predicate.

If no method name is provided then one is attempted to be chosen using the rules for Bean Binding; using the type of the message body and using any annotations on the bean methods.

The Bean Binding rules are used to bind the Message Exchange to the method parameters; so you can annotate the bean to extract headers or other expressions such as XPath or XQuery from the message.

### Using Bean Expressions from the Java DSL

### Using Bean Expressions from XML

Bean attribute now deprecated

Note, the `bean` attribute of the method expression element is now deprecated. You should now make use of `ref` attribute instead.

### Writing the expression bean

The bean in the above examples is just any old Java Bean with a method called isGoldCustomer() that returns some object that is easily converted to a boolean value in this case, as its used as a predicate.

So we could implement it like this...

We can also use the Bean Integration annotations. For example you could do...

or

So you can bind parameters of the method to the Exchange, the Message or individual headers, properties, the body or other expressions.

### Non registry beans

The Bean Language also supports invoking beans that isn't registered in the Registry. This is usable for quickly to invoke a bean from Java DSL where you don't need to register the bean in the Registry such as the Spring ApplicationContext.

Camel can instantiate the bean and invoke the method if given a class or invoke an already existing instance. This is illustrated from the example below:

The 2nd parameter `isGoldCustomer` is an optional parameter to explicit set the method name to invoke. If not provided Camel will try to invoke the best suited method. If case of ambiguity Camel will thrown an Exception. In these situations the 2nd parameter can solve this problem. Also the code is more readable if the method name is provided. The 1st parameter can also be an existing instance of a Bean such as:

In Camel 2.2 onwards you can avoid the `BeanLanguage` and have it just as:

Which also can be done in a bit shorter and nice way:

### Other examples

We have some test cases you can look at if it'll help

- MethodFilterTest is a JUnit test case showing the Java DSL use of the bean expression being used in a filter
- aggregator.xml is a Spring XML test case for the Aggregator which uses a bean method call to test for the completion of the aggregation.

### Dependencies

The Bean language is part of camel-core.

## Constant Expression Language

The Constant Expression Language is really just a way to specify constant strings as a type of expression.

### Example usage

The setHeader element of the Spring DSL can utilize a constant expression like:

in this case, the Message coming from the seda:a Endpoint will have 'theHeader' header set to the constant value 'the value'.

And the same example using Java DSL:

### Dependencies

The Constant language is part of camel-core.

## EL

Camel supports the unified JSP and JSF Expression Language via the JUEL to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

For example you could use EL inside a Message Filter in XML

You could also use slightly different syntax, e.g. if the header name is not a valid identifier:

You could use EL to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### Variables

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
exchange | Exchange | the Exchange object
in | Message | the exchange.in message
out | Message | the exchange.out message

### Samples

You can use EL dot notation to invoke operations. If you for instance have a body that contains a POJO that has a `getFamiliyName` method then you can construct the syntax as follows:

### Dependencies

To use EL in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-juel which implements the EL language.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

Otherwise you'll also need to include JUEL.

## Header Expression Language

The Header Expression Language allows you to extract values of named headers.

### Example usage

The recipientList element of the Spring DSL can utilize a header expression like:

In this case, the list of recipients are contained in the header 'myHeader'.

And the same example in Java DSL:

And with a slightly different syntax where you use the builder to the fullest (i.e. avoid using parameters but using stacked operations, notice that header is not a parameter but a stacked method call)

### Dependencies

The Header language is part of camel-core.

## JXPath

Camel supports JXPath to allow XPath expressions to be used on beans in an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration. For example you could use JXPath to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List.

You can use XPath expressions directly using smart completion in your IDE as follows

### Variables

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
this | Exchange | the Exchange object
in | Message | the exchange.in message
out | Message | the exchange.out message

### Options

Option | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
lenient | boolean | Camel 2.11/2.10.5: Allows to turn lenient on the JXPathContext. When turned on this allows the JXPath expression to evaluate against expressions and message bodies which may be invalid / missing data. See more details at the JXPath Documentation This option is by default false.

### Using XML configuration

If you prefer to configure your routes in your Spring XML file then you can use JXPath expressions as follows

### Examples

Here is a simple example using a JXPath expression as a predicate in a Message Filter

## JXPath injection

You can use Bean Integration to invoke a method on a bean and use various languages such as JXPath to extract a value from the message and bind it to a method parameter.

For example

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### Dependencies

To use JXpath in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-jxpath which implements the JXpath language.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

Otherwise, you'll also need Commons JXPath.

## Mvel

Camel allows Mvel to be used as an Expression or Predicate the DSL or Xml Configuration.

You could use Mvel to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

You can use Mvel dot notation to invoke operations. If you for instance have a body that contains a POJO that has a `getFamiliyName` method then you can construct the syntax as follows:

### Variables

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
this | Exchange | the Exchange is the root object
exchange | Exchange | the Exchange object
exception | Throwable | the Exchange exception (if any)
exchangeId | String | the exchange id
fault | Message | the Fault message (if any)
request | Message | the exchange.in message
response | Message | the exchange.out message (if any)
properties | Map | the exchange properties
property(name) | Object | the property by the given name
property(name, type) | Type | the property by the given name as the given type

### Samples

For example you could use Mvel inside a Message Filter in XML

And the sample using Java DSL:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### Dependencies

To use Mvel in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-mvel which implements the Mvel language.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## OGNL

Camel allows OGNL to be used as an Expression or Predicate the DSL or Xml Configuration.

You could use OGNL to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

You can use OGNL dot notation to invoke operations. If you for instance have a body that contains a POJO that has a `getFamiliyName` method then you can construct the syntax as follows:

### Variables

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
this | Exchange | the Exchange is the root object
exchange | Exchange | the Exchange object
exception | Throwable | the Exchange exception (if any)
exchangeId | String | the exchange id
fault | Message | the Fault message (if any)
request | Message | the exchange.in message
response | Message | the exchange.out message (if any)
properties | Map | the exchange properties
property(name) | Object | the property by the given name
property(name, type) | Type | the property by the given name as the given type

### Samples

For example you could use OGNL inside a Message Filter in XML

And the sample using Java DSL:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### Dependencies

To use OGNL in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-ognl which implements the OGNL language.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

Otherwise, you'll also need OGNL

## Property Expression Language

The Property Expression Language allows you to extract values of named exchange properties.

From Camel 2.15 onwards the property language has been renamed to exchangeProperty to avoid ambiguity, confusion and clash with properties as a general term. So use exchangeProperty instead of property when using Camel 2.15 onwards.

### Example usage

The recipientList element of the Spring DSL can utilize a property expression like:

In this case, the list of recipients are contained in the property 'myProperty'.

And the same example in Java DSL:

And with a slightly different syntax where you use the builder to the fullest (i.e. avoid using parameters but using stacked operations, notice that property is not a parameter but a stacked method call)

### Dependencies

The Property language is part of camel-core.

## Scripting Languages

Camel supports a number of scripting languages which can be used to create an Expression or Predicate via the standard JSR 223 which is a standard part of Java 6.

The following scripting languages are integrated into the DSL:

Language | DSL keyword
--- | ---
EL | `el`
Groovy | `groovy`
JavaScript | `javaScript`
JoSQL | `sql`
JXPath | `jxpath`
MVEL | `mvel`
OGNL | `ognl`
PHP | `php`
Python | `python`
Ruby | `ruby`
XPath | `xpath`
XQuery | `xquery`

However any JSR 223 scripting language can be used using the generic DSL methods.

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## See Also

- Languages
- DSL
- Xml Configuration

## BeanShell

Camel supports BeanShell among other Scripting Languages to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

To use a BeanShell expression use the following Java code:

Or the something like this in your Spring XML:

BeanShell Issues

You must use BeanShell 2.0b5 or greater. Note that as of 2.0b5 BeanShell cannot compile scripts, which causes Camel releases before 2.6 to fail when configured with BeanShell expressions.

You could follow the examples above to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## JavaScript

Camel supports JavaScript/ECMAScript among other Scripting Languages to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

To use a JavaScript expression use the following Java code

For example you could use the javaScript function to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### Example

In the sample below we use JavaScript to create a Predicate use in the route path, to route exchanges from admin users to a special queue.

And a Spring DSL sample as well:

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## Groovy

Camel supports Groovy among other Scripting Languages to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

To use a Groovy expression use the following Java code

For example you could use the groovy function to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### Customizing Groovy Shell

Sometimes you may need to use custom `GroovyShell` instance in your Groovy expressions. To provide custom `GroovyShell`, add implementation of the `org.apache.camel.language.groovy.GroovyShellFactory` SPI interface to your Camel registry. For example after adding the following bean to your Spring context...

...Camel will use your custom GroovyShell instance (containing your custom static imports), instead of the default one.

### Example

And the Spring DSL:

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## Python

Camel supports Python among other Scripting Languages to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

To use a Python expression use the following Java code

For example you could use the python function to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### Example

In the sample below we use Python to create a Predicate use in the route path, to route exchanges from admin users to a special queue.

And a Spring DSL sample as well:

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## PHP

Camel supports PHP among other Scripting Languages to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

To use a PHP expression use the following Java code

For example you could use the php function to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## Ruby

Camel supports Ruby among other Scripting Languages to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration.

To use a Ruby expression use the following Java code

For example you could use the ruby function to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List

### Example

In the sample below we use Ruby to create a Predicate use in the route path, to route exchanges from admin users to a special queue.

And a Spring DSL sample as well:

### ScriptContext

The JSR-223 scripting languages ScriptContext is pre configured with the following attributes all set at `ENGINE_SCOPE`:

Attribute | Type | Value
--- | --- | ---
context | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context ( It cannot be used in groovy)
camelContext | `org.apache.camel.CamelContext` | The Camel Context
exchange | `org.apache.camel.Exchange` | The current Exchange
request | `org.apache.camel.Message` | The message (IN message)
response | `org.apache.camel.Message` | Deprecated: The OUT message. The OUT message if null by default. Use IN message instead.
properties | `org.apache.camel.builder.script.PropertiesFunction` | Camel 2.9: Function with a `resolve` method to make it easier to use Camels Properties component from scripts. See further below for example.

See Scripting Languages for the list of languages with explicit DSL support.

### Additional arguments to ScriptingEngine

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can provide additional arguments to the `ScriptingEngine` using a header on the Camel message with the key `CamelScriptArguments`.
See this example:

### Using properties function

Available as of Camel 2.9

If you need to use the Properties component from a script to lookup property placeholders, then its a bit cumbersome to do so.
For example to set a header name myHeader with a value from a property placeholder, which key is provided in a header named "foo".

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can now use the properties function and the same example is simpler:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### How to get the result from multiple statements script

Available as of Camel 2.14

As the scripteengine evale method just return a Null if it runs a multiple statments script. Camel now look up the value of script result by using the key of "result" from the value set. If you have multiple statements script, you need to make sure you set the value of result variable as the script return value.

### Dependencies

To use scripting languages in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-script which integrates the JSR-223 scripting engine.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## Simple Expression Language

The Simple Expression Language was a really simple language you can use, but has since grown more powerful. Its primarily intended for being a really small and simple language for evaluating Expression and Predicate without requiring any new dependencies or knowledge of XPath; so its ideal for testing in camel-core. Its ideal to cover 95% of the common use cases when you need a little bit of expression based script in your Camel routes.

However for much more complex use cases you are generally recommended to choose a more expressive and powerful language such as:

- SpEL
- Mvel
- Groovy
- JavaScript
- EL
- OGNL
- one of the supported Scripting Languages

The simple language uses `${body`} placeholders for complex expressions where the expression contains constant literals. The ${ } placeholders can be omitted if the expression is only the token itself.

Alternative syntax

From Camel 2.5 onwards you can also use the alternative syntax which uses $simple{ } as placeholders.
This can be used in situations to avoid clashes when using for example Spring property placeholder together with Camel.

Configuring result type

From Camel 2.8 onwards you can configure the result type of the Simple expression. For example to set the type as a `java.lang.Boolean` or a `java.lang.Integer` etc.

File language is now merged with Simple language

From Camel 2.2 onwards, the File Language is now merged with Simple language which means you can use all the file syntax directly within the simple language.

Simple Language Changes in Camel 2.9 onwards

The Simple language have been improved from Camel 2.9 onwards to use a better syntax parser, which can do index precise error messages, so you know exactly what is wrong and where the problem is. For example if you have made a typo in one of the operators, then previously the parser would not be able to detect this, and cause the evaluation to be true. There is a few changes in the syntax which are no longer backwards compatible. When using Simple language as a Predicate then the literal text must be enclosed in either single or double quotes. For example: `"${body} == 'Camel'"`. Notice how we have single quotes around the literal. The old style of using `"body"` and `"header.foo"` to refer to the message body and header is @deprecated, and its encouraged to always use ${ } tokens for the built-in functions.
The range operator now requires the range to be in single quote as well as shown: `"${header.zip} between '30000..39999'"`.

To get the body of the in message: `"body"`, or `"in.body"` or `"${body}"`.

A complex expression must use ${ } placeholders, such as: `"Hello ${in.header.name} how are you?"`.

You can have multiple functions in the same expression: `"Hello ${in.header.name} this is ${in.header.me} speaking"`.
However you can not nest functions in Camel 2.8.x or older (i.e. having another ${ } placeholder in an existing, is not allowed).
From Camel 2.9 onwards you can nest functions.

### Variables

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
camelId | String | Camel 2.10: the CamelContext name
camelContext.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.11: the CamelContext invoked using a Camel OGNL expression.
exchange | Exchange | Camel 2.16: the Exchange
exchange.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.16: the Exchange invoked using a Camel OGNL expression.
exchangeId | String | Camel 2.3: the exchange id
id | String | the input message id
body | Object | the input body
in.body | Object | the input body
body.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.3: the input body invoked using a Camel OGNL expression.
in.body.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.3: the input body invoked using a Camel OGNL expression.
bodyAs(type) | Type | Camel 2.3: Converts the body to the given type determined by its classname. The converted body can be null.
mandatoryBodyAs(type) | Type | Camel 2.5: Converts the body to the given type determined by its classname, and expects the body to be not null.
out.body | Object | the output body
header.foo | Object | refer to the input foo header
header[foo] | Object | Camel 2.9.2: refer to the input foo header
headers.foo | Object | refer to the input foo header
headers[foo] | Object | Camel 2.9.2: refer to the input foo header
in.header.foo | Object | refer to the input foo header
in.header[foo] | Object | Camel 2.9.2: refer to the input foo header
in.headers.foo | Object | refer to the input foo header
in.headers[foo] | Object | Camel 2.9.2: refer to the input foo header
header.foo[bar] | Object | Camel 2.3: regard input foo header as a map and perform lookup on the map with bar as key
in.header.foo[bar] | Object | Camel 2.3: regard input foo header as a map and perform lookup on the map with bar as key
in.headers.foo[bar] | Object | Camel 2.3: regard input foo header as a map and perform lookup on the map with bar as key
header.foo.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.3: refer to the input foo header and invoke its value using a Camel OGNL expression.
in.header.foo.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.3: refer to the input foo header and invoke its value using a Camel OGNL expression.
in.headers.foo.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.3: refer to the input foo header and invoke its value using a Camel OGNL expression.
out.header.foo | Object | refer to the out header foo
out.header[foo] | Object | Camel 2.9.2: refer to the out header foo
out.headers.foo | Object | refer to the out header foo
out.headers[foo] | Object | Camel 2.9.2: refer to the out header foo
headerAs(key,type) | Type | Camel 2.5: Converts the header to the given type determined by its classname
headers | Map | Camel 2.9: refer to the input headers
in.headers | Map | Camel 2.9: refer to the input headers
property.foo | Object | Deprecated: refer to the foo property on the exchange
exchangeProperty.foo | Object | Camel 2.15: refer to the foo property on the exchange
property[foo] | Object | Deprecated: refer to the foo property on the exchange
exchangeProperty[foo] | Object | Camel 2.15: refer to the foo property on the exchange
property.foo.OGNL | Object | Deprecated: refer to the foo property on the exchange and invoke its value using a Camel OGNL expression.
exchangeProperty.foo.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.15: refer to the foo property on the exchange and invoke its value using a Camel OGNL expression.
sys.foo | String | refer to the system property
sysenv.foo | String | Camel 2.3: refer to the system environment
exception | Object | Camel 2.4: Refer to the exception object on the exchange, is null if no exception set on exchange. Will fallback and grab caught exceptions (`Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT`) if the Exchange has any.
exception.OGNL | Object | Camel 2.4: Refer to the exchange exception invoked using a Camel OGNL expression object
exception.message | String | Refer to the exception.message on the exchange, is null if no exception set on exchange. Will fallback and grab caught exceptions (`Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT`) if the Exchange has any.
exception.stacktrace | String | Camel 2.6. Refer to the exception.stracktrace on the exchange, is null if no exception set on exchange. Will fallback and grab caught exceptions (`Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT`) if the Exchange has any.
date:command:pattern | String | Date formatting using the `java.text.SimpleDataFormat` patterns. Supported commands are: now for current timestamp, in.header.xxx or header.xxx to use the Date object in the IN header with the key xxx. out.header.xxx to use the Date object in the OUT header with the key xxx.
bean:bean expression | Object | Invoking a bean expression using the Bean language. Specifying a method name you must use dot as separator. We also support the ?method=methodname syntax that is used by the Bean component.
properties:locations:key | String | Deprecated (use properties-location instead) Camel 2.3: Lookup a property with the given key. The `locations` option is optional. See more at Using PropertyPlaceholder.
properties-location:locations:key | String | Camel 2.14.1: Lookup a property with the given key. The `locations` option is optional. See more at Using PropertyPlaceholder.
properties:key:default | String | Camel 2.14.1: Lookup a property with the given key. If the key does not exists or has no value, then an optional default value can be specified.
routeId | String | Camel 2.11: Returns the id of the current route the Exchange is being routed.
threadName | String | Camel 2.3: Returns the name of the current thread. Can be used for logging purpose.
ref:xxx | Object | Camel 2.6: To lookup a bean from the Registry with the given id.
type:name.field | Object | Camel 2.11: To refer to a type or field by its FQN name. To refer to a field you can append .FIELD_NAME. For example you can refer to the constant field from Exchange as: `org.apache.camel.Exchange.FILE_NAME` | .
null | null | Camel 2.12.3: represents a null
random(value) | Integer | Camel 2.16.0: returns a random Integer between 0 (included) and value (excluded)
random(min,max) | Integer | Camel 2.16.0: returns a random Integer between min (included) and max (excluded)

### OGNL expression support

Available as of Camel 2.3

Camel's OGNL support is for invoking methods only. You cannot access fields.
From Camel 2.11.1 onwards we added special support for accessing the length field of Java arrays.

The Simple and Bean language now supports a Camel OGNL notation for invoking beans in a chain like fashion.
Suppose the Message IN body contains a POJO which has a `getAddress()` method.

Then you can use Camel OGNL notation to access the address object:

Camel understands the shorthand names for getters, but you can invoke any method or use the real name such as:

You can also use the null safe operator (`?.`) to avoid NPE if for example the body does NOT have an address

Its also possible to index in `Map` or `List` types, so you can do:

To assume the body is `Map` based and lookup the value with `foo` as key, and invoke the `getName` method on that value.

If the key has space, then you must enclose the key with quotes, for example 'foo bar':

You can access the `Map` or `List` objects directly using their key name (with or without dots) :

Suppose there was no value with the key `foo` then you can use the null safe operator to avoid the NPE as shown:

You can also access `List` types, for example to get lines from the address you can do:

There is a special `last` keyword which can be used to get the last value from a list.

And to get the 2nd last you can subtract a number, so we can use `last-1` to indicate this:

And the 3rd last is of course:

And you can call the size method on the list with

From Camel 2.11.1 onwards we added support for the length field for Java arrays as well, eg:

And yes you can combine this with the operator support as shown below:

### Operator support

The parser is limited to only support a single operator.

To enable it the left value must be enclosed in ${ }. The syntax is:

Where the `rightValue` can be a String literal enclosed in `' '`, `null`, a constant value or another expression enclosed in ${ }.

Important

There must be spaces around the operator.

Camel will automatically type convert the rightValue type to the leftValue type, so its able to eg. convert a string into a numeric so you can use > comparison for numeric values.

The following operators are supported:

Operator | Description
--- | ---
== | equals
=~ | Camel 2.16: equals ignore case (will ignore case when comparing String values)
> | greater than
>= | greater than or equals
< | less than
<= | less than or equals
!= | not equals
contains | For testing if contains in a string based value
not contains | For testing if not contains in a string based value
regex | For matching against a given regular expression pattern defined as a String value
not regex | For not matching against a given regular expression pattern defined as a String value
in | For matching if in a set of values, each element must be separated by comma.
not in | For matching if not in a set of values, each element must be separated by comma.
is | For matching if the left hand side type is an instanceof the value.
not is | For matching if the left hand side type is not an instanceof the value.
range | For matching if the left hand side is within a range of values defined as numbers: `from..to`. From Camel 2.9 onwards the range values must be enclosed in single quotes.
not range | For matching if the left hand side is not within a range of values defined as numbers: `from..to`. From Camel 2.9 onwards the range values must be enclosed in single quotes.

And the following unary operators can be used:

Operator | Description
--- | ---
++ | Camel 2.9: To increment a number by one. The left hand side must be a function, otherwise parsed as literal.
-- | Camel 2.9: To decrement a number by one. The left hand side must be a function, otherwise parsed as literal.
\ | Camel 2.9.3 to 2.10.x To escape a value, eg \$, to indicate a $ sign. Special: Use \n for new line, \t for tab, and \r for carriage return. Notice: Escaping is not supported using the File Language. Notice: From Camel 2.11 onwards the escape character is no longer support, but replaced with the following three special escaping.
\n | Camel 2.11: To use newline character.
\t | Camel 2.11: To use tab character.
\r | Camel 2.11: To use carriage return character.

And the following logical operators can be used to group expressions:

Operator | Description
--- | ---
and | deprecated use && instead. The logical and operator is used to group two expressions.
or | deprecated use || instead. The logical or operator is used to group two expressions.
&& | Camel 2.9: The logical and operator is used to group two expressions.
|| | Camel 2.9: The logical or operator is used to group two expressions.

Using and,or operators

In Camel 2.4 or older the `and` or `or` can only be used once in a simple language expression. From Camel 2.5 onwards you can use these operators multiple times.

The syntax for AND is:

And the syntax for OR is:

Some examples:

Comparing with different types

When you compare with different types such as String and int, then you have to take a bit care. Camel will use the type from the left hand side as 1st priority. And fallback to the right hand side type if both values couldn't be compared based on that type.
This means you can flip the values to enforce a specific type. Suppose the bar value above is a String. Then you can flip the equation:

which then ensures the int type is used as 1st priority.

This may change in the future if the Camel team improves the binary comparison operations to prefer numeric types over String based. It's most often the String type which causes problem when comparing with numbers.

And a bit more advanced example where the right value is another expression

And an example with contains, testing if the title contains the word Camel

And an example with regex, testing if the number header is a 4 digit value:

And finally an example if the header equals any of the values in the list. Each element must be separated by comma, and no space around.
This also works for numbers etc, as Camel will convert each element into the type of the left hand side.

And for all the last 3 we also support the negate test using not:

And you can test if the type is a certain instance, eg for instance a String

We have added a shorthand for all `java.lang` types so you can write it as:

Ranges are also supported. The range interval requires numbers and both from and end are inclusive. For instance to test whether a value is between 100 and 199:

Notice we use `..` in the range without spaces. Its based on the same syntax as Groovy.

From Camel 2.9 onwards the range value must be in single quotes

Can be used in Spring XML

As the Spring XML does not have all the power as the Java DSL with all its various builder methods, you have to resort to use some other languages
for testing with simple operators. Now you can do this with the simple language. In the sample below we want to test if the header is a widget order:

#### Using and / or

If you have two expressions you can combine them with the `and` or `or` operator.

Camel 2.9 onwards

Use && or || from Camel 2.9 onwards.

For instance:

And of course the `or` is also supported. The sample would be:

Notice: Currently `and` or `or` can only be used once in a simple language expression. This might change in the future.
So you cannot do:

### Samples

In the Spring XML sample below we filter based on a header value:

The Simple language can be used for the predicate test above in the Message Filter pattern, where we test if the in message has a `foo` header (a header with the key `foo` exists). If the expression evaluates to true then the message is routed to the `mock:fooOrders` endpoint, otherwise its lost in the deep blue sea .

The same example in Java DSL:

You can also use the simple language for simple text concatenations such as:

Notice that we must use ${ } placeholders in the expression now to allow Camel to parse it correctly.

And this sample uses the date command to output current date.

And in the sample below we invoke the bean language to invoke a method on a bean to be included in the returned string:

Where `orderIdGenerator` is the id of the bean registered in the Registry. If using Spring then its the Spring bean id.

If we want to declare which method to invoke on the order id generator bean we must prepend `.method name` such as below where we invoke the `generateId` method.

We can use the `?method=methodname` option that we are familiar with the Bean component itself:

And from Camel 2.3 onwards you can also convert the body to a given type, for example to ensure its a String you can do:

There are a few types which have a shorthand notation, so we can use `String` instead of `java.lang.String`. These are: `byte[], String, Integer, Long`. All other types must use their FQN name, e.g. `org.w3c.dom.Document`.

Its also possible to lookup a value from a header `Map` in Camel 2.3 onwards:

In the code above we lookup the header with name `type` and regard it as a `java.util.Map` and we then lookup with the key `gold` and return the value.
If the header is not convertible to Map an exception is thrown. If the header with name `type` does not exist `null` is returned.

From Camel 2.9 onwards you can nest functions, such as shown below:

#### Referring to constants or enums

Available as of Camel 2.11

Suppose you have an enum for customers

And in a Content Based Router we can use the Simple language to refer to this enum, to check the message which enum it matches.

### Using new lines or tabs in XML DSLs

Available as of Camel 2.9.3

From Camel 2.9.3 onwards its easier to specify new lines or tabs in XML DSLs as you can escape the value now

### Leading and trailing whitespace handling

Available as of Camel 2.10.0

From Camel 2.10.0 onwards, the trim attribute of the expression can be used to control whether the leading and trailing whitespace characters are removed or preserved. The default value is true, which removes the whitespace characters.

### Setting result type

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can now provide a result type to the Simple expression, which means the result of the evaluation will be converted to the desired type. This is most useable to define types such as booleans, integers, etc.

For example to set a header as a boolean type you can do:

And in XML DSL

### Changing function start and end tokens

Available as of Camel 2.9.1

You can configure the function start and end tokens - ${ } using the setters `changeFunctionStartToken` and `changeFunctionEndToken` on `SimpleLanguage`, using Java code. From Spring XML you can define a <bean> tag with the new changed tokens in the properties as shown below:

In the example above we use [ ] as the changed tokens.

Notice by changing the start/end token you change those in all the Camel applications which share the same camel-core on their classpath.
For example in an OSGi server this may affect many applications, where as a Web Application as a WAR file it only affects the Web Application.

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### Setting Spring beans to Exchange properties

Available as of Camel 2.6

You can set a spring bean into an exchange property as shown below:

### Dependencies

The Simple language is part of camel-core.

## File Expression Language

File language is now merged with Simple language

From Camel 2.2 onwards, the file language is now merged with Simple language which means you can use all the file syntax directly within the simple language.

The File Expression Language is an extension to the Simple language, adding file related capabilities. These capabilities are related to common use cases working with file path and names. The goal is to allow expressions to be used with the File and FTP components for setting dynamic file patterns for both consumer and producer.

### Syntax

This language is an extension to the Simple language so the Simple syntax applies also. So the table below only lists the additional.
As opposed to Simple language File Language also supports Constant expressions so you can enter a fixed filename.

All the file tokens use the same expression name as the method on the `java.io.File` object, for instance `file:absolute` refers to the `java.io.File.getAbsolute()` method. Notice that not all expressions are supported by the current Exchange. For instance the FTP component supports some of the options, where as the File component supports all of them.

Expression | Type | File Consumer | File Producer | FTP Consumer | FTP Producer | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
file:name | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file name (is relative to the starting directory, see note below)
file:name.ext | String | yes | no | yes | no | Camel 2.3: refers to the file extension only
file:name.ext.single | String | yes | no | yes | no | Camel 2.14.4/2.15.3: refers to the file extension. If the file extension has mutiple dots, then this expression strips and only returns the last part.
file:name.noext | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file name with no extension (is relative to the starting directory, see note below)
file:name.noext.single | String | yes | no | yes | no | Camel 2.14.4/2.15.3: refers to the file name with no extension (is relative to the starting directory, see note below). If the file extension has multiple dots, then this expression strips only the last part, and keep the others.
file:onlyname | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file name only with no leading paths.
file:onlyname.noext | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file name only with no extension and with no leading paths.
file:onlyname.noext.single | String | yes | no | yes | no | Camel 2.14.4/2.15.3: refers to the file name only with no extension and with no leading paths. If the file extension has multiple dots, then this expression strips only the last part, and keep the others.
file:ext | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file extension only
file:parent | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file parent
file:path | String | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file path
file:absolute | Boolean | yes | no | no | no | refers to whether the file is regarded as absolute or relative
file:absolute.path | String | yes | no | no | no | refers to the absolute file path
file:length | Long | yes | no | yes | no | refers to the file length returned as a Long type
file:size | Long | yes | no | yes | no | Camel 2.5: refers to the file length returned as a Long type
file:modified | Date | yes | no | yes | no | efers to the file last modified returned as a Date type
date:command:pattern | String | yes | yes | yes | yes | for date formatting using the `java.text.SimpleDateFormat` patterns. Is an extension to the Simple language. Additional command is: file (consumers only) for the last modified timestamp of the file. Notice: all the commands from the Simple language can also be used.

### File token example

#### Relative paths

We have a `java.io.File` handle for the file `hello.txt` in the following relative directory: `.\filelanguage\test`. And we configure our endpoint to use this starting directory `.\filelanguage`. The file tokens will return as:

Expression | Returns
--- | ---
file:name | test\hello.txt
file:name.ext | txt
file:name.noext | test\hello
file:onlyname | hello.txt
file:onlyname.noext | hello
file:ext | txt
file:parent | filelanguage\test
file:path | filelanguage\test\hello.txt
file:absolute | false
file:absolute.path | \workspace\camel\camel-core\target\filelanguage\test\hello.txt

#### Absolute paths

We have a `java.io.File` handle for the file `hello.txt` in the following absolute directory: `\workspace\camel\camel-core\target\filelanguage\test`. And we configure out endpoint to use the absolute starting directory `\workspace\camel\camel-core\target\filelanguage`. The file tokens will return as:

Expression | Returns
--- | ---
file:name | test\hello.txt
file:name.ext | txt
file:name.noext | test\hello
file:onlyname | hello.txt
file:onlyname.noext | hello
file:ext | txt
file:parent | \workspace\camel\camel-core\target\filelanguage\test
file:path | \workspace\camel\camel-core\target\filelanguage\test\hello.txt
file:absolute | true
file:absolute.path | \workspace\camel\camel-core\target\filelanguage\test\hello.txt

### Samples

You can enter a fixed Constant expression such as `myfile.txt`:

Lets assume we use the file consumer to read files and want to move the read files to backup folder with the current date as a sub folder. This can be archieved using an expression like:

relative folder names are also supported so suppose the backup folder should be a sibling folder then you can append .. as:

As this is an extension to the Simple language we have access to all the goodies from this language also, so in this use case we want to use the in.header.type as a parameter in the dynamic expression:

If you have a custom Date you want to use in the expression then Camel supports retrieving dates from the message header.

And finally we can also use a bean expression to invoke a POJO class that generates some String output (or convertible to String) to be used:

And of course all this can be combined in one expression where you can use the File Language, Simple and the Bean language in one combined expression. This is pretty powerful for those common file path patterns.

### Using Spring PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer together with the File component

In Camel you can use the File Language directly from the Simple language which makes a Content Based Router easier to do in Spring XML, where we can route based on file extensions as shown below:

If you use the `fileName` option on the File endpoint to set a dynamic filename using the File Language then make sure you
use the alternative syntax (available from Camel 2.5 onwards) to avoid clashing with Springs `PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer`.

bundle-context.xml
bundle-context.cfg

Notice how we use the $simple{ } syntax in the `toEndpoint` above.
If you don't do this, there is a clash and Spring will throw an exception like

### Dependencies

The File language is part of camel-core.

## SQL Language

The SQL support is added by JoSQL and is primarily used for performing SQL queries on in-memory objects. If you prefer to perform actual database queries then check out the JPA component.

Looking for the SQL component

Camel has both a SQL language and a SQL Component. This page is about the SQL language. Click on SQL Component if you are looking for the component instead.

To use SQL in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-josql which implements the SQL language.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

Camel supports SQL to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration. For example you could use SQL to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List.

And the spring DSL:

### Variables

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
exchange | Exchange | the Exchange object
in | Message | the exchange.in message
out | Message | the exchange.out message
the property key | Object | the Exchange properties
the header key | Object | the exchange.in headers
the variable key | Object | if any additional variables is added using `setVariables` method

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

## XPath

Camel supports XPath to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration. For example you could use XPath to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List.

Streams

If the message body is stream based, which means the input it receives is submitted to Camel as a stream. That means you will only be able to read the content of the stream once. So often when you use XPath as Message Filter or Content Based Router then you need to access the data multiple times, and you should use Stream Caching or convert the message body to a `String` prior which is safe to be re-read multiple times.

### Namespaces

You can easily use namespaces with XPath expressions using the Namespaces helper class.

### Variables

Variables in XPath is defined in different namespaces. The default namespace is `http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring`.

Namespace URI | Local part | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
http://camel.apache.org/xml/in/ | in | Message | the exchange.in message
http://camel.apache.org/xml/out/ | out | Message | the exchange.out message
http://camel.apache.org/xml/function/ | functions | Object | Camel 2.5: Additional functions
http://camel.apache.org/xml/variables/environment-variables | env | Object | OS environment variables
http://camel.apache.org/xml/variables/system-properties | system | Object | Java System properties
http://camel.apache.org/xml/variables/exchange-property |  | Object | the exchange property

Camel will resolve variables according to either:

- namespace given
- no namespace given

#### Namespace given

If the namespace is given then Camel is instructed exactly what to return. However when resolving either in or out Camel will try to resolve a header with the given local part first, and return it. If the local part has the value body then the body is returned instead.

#### No namespace given

If there is no namespace given then Camel resolves only based on the local part. Camel will try to resolve a variable in the following steps:

- from `variables` that has been set using the `variable(name, value)` fluent builder
- from message.in.header if there is a header with the given key
- from exchange.properties if there is a property with the given key

### Functions

Camel adds the following XPath functions that can be used to access the exchange:

Function | Argument | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
in:body | none | Object | Will return the in message body.
in:header | the header name | Object | Will return the in message header.
out:body | none | Object | Will return the out message body.
out:header | the header name | Object | Will return the out message header.
function:properties | key for property | String | Camel 2.5: To lookup a property using the Properties component (property placeholders).
function:simple | simple expression | Object | Camel 2.5: To evaluate a Simple expression.

Notice: `function:properties` and `function:simple` is not supported when the return type is a `NodeSet`, such as when using with a Splitter EIP.

Here's an example showing some of these functions in use.

And the new functions introduced in Camel 2.5:

### Using XML configuration

If you prefer to configure your routes in your Spring XML file then you can use XPath expressions as follows

Notice how we can reuse the namespace prefixes, foo in this case, in the XPath expression for easier namespace based XPath expressions!

See also this discussion on the mailinglist about using your own namespaces with xpath

### Setting result type

The XPath expression will return a result type using native XML objects such as `org.w3c.dom.NodeList`. But many times you want a result type to be a String. To do this you have to instruct the XPath which result type to use.

In Java DSL:

In Spring DSL you use the resultType attribute to provide a fully qualified classname:

In @XPath:
Available as of Camel 2.1

Where we use the xpath function concat to prefix the order name with `foo-`. In this case we have to specify that we want a String as result type so the concat function works.

### Using XPath on Headers

Available as of Camel 2.11

Some users may have XML stored in a header. To apply an XPath to a header's value you can do this by defining the 'headerName' attribute.

In XML DSL:

And in Java DSL you specify the headerName as the 2nd parameter as shown:

### Examples

Here is a simple example using an XPath expression as a predicate in a Message Filter

If you have a standard set of namespaces you wish to work with and wish to share them across many different XPath expressions you can use the NamespaceBuilder as shown in this example

In this sample we have a choice construct. The first choice evaulates if the message has a header key type that has the value Camel.
The 2nd choice evaluates if the message body has a name tag <name> which values is Kong.
If neither is true the message is routed in the otherwise block:

And the spring XML equivalent of the route:

## XPath injection

You can use Bean Integration to invoke a method on a bean and use various languages such as XPath to extract a value from the message and bind it to a method parameter.

The default XPath annotation has SOAP and XML namespaces available. If you want to use your own namespace URIs in an XPath expression you can use your own copy of the XPath annotation to create whatever namespace prefixes you want to use.

i.e. cut and paste upper code to your own project in a different package and/or annotation name then add whatever namespace prefix/uris you want in scope when you use your annotation on a method parameter. Then when you use your annotation on a method parameter all the namespaces you want will be available for use in your XPath expression.

For example

### Using XPathBuilder without an Exchange

Available as of Camel 2.3

You can now use the `org.apache.camel.builder.XPathBuilder` without the need for an Exchange. This comes handy if you want to use it as a helper to do custom xpath evaluations.

It requires that you pass in a CamelContext since a lot of the moving parts inside the XPathBuilder requires access to the Camel Type Converter and hence why CamelContext is needed.

For example you can do something like this:

This will match the given predicate.

You can also evaluate for example as shown in the following three examples:

Evaluating with a String result is a common requirement and thus you can do it a bit simpler:

### Using Saxon with XPathBuilder

Available as of Camel 2.3

You need to add camel-saxon as dependency to your project.

Its now easier to use Saxon with the XPathBuilder which can be done in several ways as shown below.
Where as the latter ones are the easiest ones.

Using a factory

Using ObjectModel

The easy one

### Setting a custom XPathFactory using System Property

Available as of Camel 2.3

Camel now supports reading the JVM system property `javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory` that can be used to set a custom XPathFactory to use.

This unit test shows how this can be done to use Saxon instead:

Camel will log at `INFO` level if it uses a non default XPathFactory such as:

To use Apache Xerces you can configure the system property

### Enabling Saxon from Spring DSL

Available as of Camel 2.10

Similarly to Java DSL, to enable Saxon from Spring DSL you have three options:

Specifying the factory

Specifying the object model

Shortcut

### Namespace auditing to aid debugging

Available as of Camel 2.10

A large number of XPath-related issues that users frequently face are linked to the usage of namespaces. You may have some misalignment between the namespaces present in your message and those that your XPath expression is aware of or referencing. XPath predicates or expressions that are unable to locate the XML elements and attributes due to namespaces issues may simply look like "they are not working", when in reality all there is to it is a lack of namespace definition.

Namespaces in XML are completely necessary, and while we would love to simplify their usage by implementing some magic or voodoo to wire namespaces automatically, truth is that any action down this path would disagree with the standards and would greatly hinder interoperability.

Therefore, the utmost we can do is assist you in debugging such issues by adding two new features to the XPath Expression Language and are thus accesible from both predicates and expressions.

#### Logging the Namespace Context of your XPath expression/predicate

Every time a new XPath expression is created in the internal pool, Camel will log the namespace context of the expression under the `org.apache.camel.builder.xml.XPathBuilder` logger. Since Camel represents Namespace Contexts in a hierarchical fashion (parent-child relationships), the entire tree is output in a recursive manner with the following format:

Any of these options can be used to activate this logging:

1. Enable TRACE logging on the `org.apache.camel.builder.xml.XPathBuilder` logger, or some parent logger such as `org.apache.camel` or the root logger
2. Enable the `logNamespaces` option as indicated in Auditing Namespaces, in which case the logging will occur on the INFO level

#### Auditing namespaces

Camel is able to discover and dump all namespaces present on every incoming message before evaluating an XPath expression, providing all the richness of information you need to help you analyse and pinpoint possible namespace issues.

To achieve this, it in turn internally uses another specially tailored XPath expression to extract all namespace mappings that appear in the message, displaying the prefix and the full namespace URI(s) for each individual mapping.

Some points to take into account:

- The implicit XML namespace (xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace") is suppressed from the output because it adds no value
- Default namespaces are listed under the DEFAULT keyword in the output
- Keep in mind that namespaces can be remapped under different scopes. Think of a top-level 'a' prefix which in inner elements can be assigned a different namespace, or the default namespace changing in inner scopes. For each discovered prefix, all associated URIs are listed.

You can enable this option in Java DSL and Spring DSL.

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

The result of the auditing will be appear at the INFO level under the `org.apache.camel.builder.xml.XPathBuilder` logger and will look like the following:

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### Dependencies

The XPath language is part of camel-core.

## XQuery

Camel supports XQuery to allow an Expression or Predicate to be used in the DSL or Xml Configuration. For example you could use XQuery to create an Predicate in a Message Filter or as an Expression for a Recipient List.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`allowStAX` | `false` | Camel 2.8.3/2.9: Whether to allow using StAX as the `javax.xml.transform.Source`.

### Examples

You can also use functions inside your query, in which case you need an explicit type conversion (or you will get a org.w3c.dom.DOMException: HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR) by passing the Class as a second argument to the xquery() method.

### Variables

The IN message body will be set as the `contextItem`. Besides this these Variables is also added as parameters:

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
exchange | Exchange | The current Exchange
in.body | Object | The In message's body
out.body | Object | The OUT message's body (if any)
in.headers.* | Object | You can access the value of exchange.in.headers with key foo by using the variable which name is in.headers.foo
out.headers.* | Object | You can access the value of exchange.out.headers with key foo by using the variable which name is out.headers.foo variable
key name | Object | Any exchange.properties and exchange.in.headers and any additional parameters set using `setParameters(Map)`. These parameters is added with they own key name, for instance if there is an IN header with the key name foo then its added as foo.

### Using XML configuration

If you prefer to configure your routes in your Spring XML file then you can use XPath expressions as follows

Notice how we can reuse the namespace prefixes, foo in this case, in the XPath expression for easier namespace based XQuery expressions!

When you use functions in your XQuery expression you need an explicit type conversion which is done in the xml configuration via the @type attribute:

### Using XQuery as transformation

We can do a message translation using transform or setBody in the route, as shown below:

Notice that xquery will use DOMResult by default, so if we want to grab the value of the person node, using text() we need to tell xquery to use String as result type, as shown:

### Using XQuery as an endpoint

Sometimes an XQuery expression can be quite large; it can essentally be used for Templating. So you may want to use an XQuery Endpoint so you can route using XQuery templates.

The following example shows how to take a message of an ActiveMQ queue (MyQueue) and transform it using XQuery and send it to MQSeries.

### Examples

Here is a simple example using an XQuery expression as a predicate in a Message Filter

This example uses XQuery with namespaces as a predicate in a Message Filter

### Learning XQuery

XQuery is a very powerful language for querying, searching, sorting and returning XML. For help learning XQuery try these tutorials

- Mike Kay's XQuery Primer
- the W3Schools XQuery Tutorial

You might also find the XQuery function reference useful

### Loading script from external resource

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can externalize the script and have Camel load it from a resource such as `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"`.
This is done using the following syntax: `"resource:scheme:location"`, eg to refer to a file on the classpath you can do:

### Dependencies

To use XQuery in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-saxon which implements the XQuery language.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

# Data Format Appendix

## Data Format

Camel supports a pluggable DataFormat to allow messages to be marshalled to and from binary or text formats to support a kind of Message Translator.

The following data formats are currently supported:

- Standard JVM object marshalling
  - Serialization
  - String

- Object marshalling
  - Avro
  - Boon
  - JSON
  - Protobuf

- Object/XML marshalling
  - Castor
  - JAXB
  - XmlBeans
  - XStream
  - JiBX

- Object/XML/Webservice marshalling
  - SOAP

- Direct JSON / XML marshalling
  - XmlJson

- Flat data structure marshalling
  - BeanIO
  - Bindy
  - CSV
  - EDI
  - Flatpack DataFormat
  - uniVocity-parsers formats

- Domain specific marshalling
  - HL7 DataFormat

- Compression
  - GZip data format
  - Zip DataFormat
  - Zip File DataFormat

- Security
  - Crypto
  - PGP
  - XMLSecurity DataFormat

- Misc.
  - Base64
  - Custom DataFormat - to use your own custom implementation
  - RSS
  - TidyMarkup
  - Syslog
  - ICal
  - Barcode - to read and generate barcodes (QR-Code, PDF417, ...)

And related is the following:

- DataFormat Component for working with Data Formats as if it was a regular Component supporting Endpoints and URIs.
- Dozer Type Conversion using Dozer for type converting POJOs

### Unmarshalling

If you receive a message from one of the Camel Components such as File, HTTP or JMS you often want to unmarshal the payload into some bean so that you can process it using some Bean Integration or perform Predicate evaluation and so forth. To do this use the unmarshal word in the DSL in Java or the Xml Configuration.

For example

The above uses a named DataFormat of jaxb which is configured with a number of Java package names. You can if you prefer use a named reference to a data format which can then be defined in your Registry such as via your Spring XML file.

You can also use the DSL itself to define the data format as you use it. For example the following uses Java serialization to unmarshal a binary file then send it as an ObjectMessage to ActiveMQ

### Marshalling

Marshalling is the opposite of unmarshalling, where a bean is marshalled into some binary or textual format for transmission over some transport via a Camel Component. Marshalling is used in the same way as unmarshalling above; in the DSL you can use a DataFormat instance, you can configure the DataFormat dynamically using the DSL or you can refer to a named instance of the format in the Registry.

The following example unmarshals via serialization then marshals using a named JAXB data format to perform a kind of Message Translator

### Using Spring XML

This example shows how to configure the data type just once and reuse it on multiple routes

You can also define reusable data formats as Spring beans

## Serialization

Serialization is a Data Format which uses the standard Java Serialization mechanism to unmarshal a binary payload into Java objects or to marshal Java objects into a binary blob.
For example the following uses Java serialization to unmarshal a binary file then send it as an ObjectMessage to ActiveMQ

### Dependencies

This data format is provided in camel-core so no additional dependencies is needed.

## JAXB

JAXB is a Data Format which uses the JAXB2 XML marshalling standard which is included in Java 6 to unmarshal an XML payload into Java objects or to marshal Java objects into an XML payload.

### Using the Java DSL

For example the following uses a named DataFormat of jaxb which is configured with a number of Java package names to initialize the JAXBContext.

You can if you prefer use a named reference to a data format which can then be defined in your Registry such as via your Spring XML file. e.g.

### Using Spring XML

The following example shows how to use JAXB to unmarshal using Spring configuring the jaxb data type

This example shows how to configure the data type just once and reuse it on multiple routes.

Multiple context paths

It is possible to use this data format with more than one context path. You can specify context path using `:` as separator, for example `com.mycompany:com.mycompany2`. Note that this is handled by JAXB implementation and might change if you use different vendor than RI.

### Partial marshalling/unmarshalling

This feature is new to Camel 2.2.0.
JAXB 2 supports marshalling and unmarshalling XML tree fragments. By default JAXB looks for `@XmlRootElement` annotation on given class to operate on whole XML tree. This is useful but not always - sometimes generated code does not have @XmlRootElement annotation, sometimes you need unmarshall only part of tree.
In that case you can use partial unmarshalling. To enable this behaviours you need set property `partClass`. Camel will pass this class to JAXB's unmarshaler.

For marshalling you have to add `partNamespace` attribute with QName of destination namespace. Example of Spring DSL you can find above.

### Fragment

This feature is new to Camel 2.8.0.
JaxbDataFormat has new property fragment which can set the the `Marshaller.JAXB_FRAGMENT` encoding property on the JAXB Marshaller. If you don't want the JAXB Marshaller to generate the XML declaration, you can set this option to be true. The default value of this property is false.

### Ignoring the NonXML Character

This feature is new to Camel 2.2.0.
JaxbDataFromat supports to ignore the NonXML Character, you just need to set the filterNonXmlChars property to be true, JaxbDataFormat will replace the NonXML character with " " when it is marshaling or unmarshaling the message. You can also do it by setting the Exchange property `Exchange.FILTER_NON_XML_CHARS`.

| JDK 1.5 | JDK 1.6+
Filtering in use | StAX API and implementation | No
Filtering not in use | StAX API only | No

This feature has been tested with Woodstox 3.2.9 and Sun JDK 1.6 StAX implementation.

New for Camel 2.12.1
JaxbDataFormat now allows you to customize the XMLStreamWriter used to marshal the stream to XML. Using this configuration, you can add your own stream writer to completely remove, escape, or replace non-xml characters.

The following example shows using the Spring DSL and also enabling Camel's NonXML filtering:

### Working with the ObjectFactory

If you use XJC to create the java class from the schema, you will get an ObjectFactory for you JAXB context. Since the ObjectFactory uses JAXBElement to hold the reference of the schema and element instance value, jaxbDataformat will ignore the JAXBElement by default and you will get the element instance value instead of the JAXBElement object form the unmarshaled message body.
If you want to get the JAXBElement object form the unmarshaled message body, you need to set the JaxbDataFormat object's ignoreJAXBElement property to be false.

### Setting encoding

You can set the encoding option to use when marshalling. Its the `Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING` encoding property on the JAXB Marshaller.
You can setup which encoding to use when you declare the JAXB data format. You can also provide the encoding in the Exchange property `Exchange.CHARSET_NAME`. This property will overrule the encoding set on the JAXB data format.

In this Spring DSL we have defined to use `iso-8859-1` as the encoding:

### Controlling namespace prefix mapping

Available as of Camel 2.11

When marshalling using JAXB or SOAP then the JAXB implementation will automatic assign namespace prefixes, such as ns2, ns3, ns4 etc. To control this mapping, Camel allows you to refer to a map which contains the desired mapping.

Notice this requires having JAXB-RI 2.1 or better (from SUN) on the classpath, as the mapping functionality is dependent on the implementation of JAXB, whether its supported.

For example in Spring XML we can define a Map with the mapping. In the mapping file below, we map SOAP to use soap as prefix. While our custom namespace "http://www.mycompany.com/foo/2" is not using any prefix.

To use this in JAXB or SOAP you refer to this map, using the `namespacePrefixRef` attribute as shown below. Then Camel will lookup in the Registry a `java.util.Map` with the id "myMap", which was what we defined above.

### Schema validation

Available as of Camel 2.11

The JAXB Data Format supports validation by marshalling and unmarshalling from/to XML. Your can use the prefix classpath:, file:* or *http: to specify how the resource should by resolved. You can separate multiple schema files by using the ',' character.

Known issue

Camel 2.11.0 and 2.11.1 has a known issue by validation multiple `Exchange`'s in parallel. See CAMEL-6630. This is fixed with Camel 2.11.2/2.12.0.

Using the Java DSL, you can configure it in the following way:

You can do the same using the XML DSL:

Camel will create and pool the underling `SchemaFactory` instances on the fly, because the `SchemaFactory` shipped with the JDK is not thread safe.
However, if you have a `SchemaFactory` implementation which is thread safe, you can configure the JAXB data format to use this one:

### Schema Location

Available as of Camel 2.14

The JAXB Data Format supports to specify the SchemaLocation when marshaling the XML.

Using the Java DSL, you can configure it in the following way:

You can do the same using the XML DSL:

### Marshal data that is already XML

Available as of Camel 2.14.1

The JAXB marshaller requires that the message body is JAXB compatible, eg its a JAXBElement, eg a java instance that has JAXB annotations, or extend JAXBElement. There can be situations where the message body is already in XML, eg from a String type. There is a new option `mustBeJAXBElement` you can set to false, to relax this check, so the JAXB marshaller only attempts to marshal JAXBElements (javax.xml.bind.JAXBIntrospector#isElement returns true). And in those situations the marshaller fallbacks to marshal the message body as-is.

### Dependencies

To use JAXB in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-jaxb which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## XmlBeans

XmlBeans is a Data Format which uses the XmlBeans library to unmarshal an XML payload into Java objects or to marshal Java objects into an XML payload.

### Dependencies

To use XmlBeans in your camel routes you need to add the dependency on camel-xmlbeans which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## XStream

XStream is a Data Format which uses the XStream library to marshal and unmarshal Java objects to and from XML.

To use XStream in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-xstream which implements this data format.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### Using the Java DSL

If you would like to configure the `XStream` instance used by the Camel for the message transformation, you can simply pass a reference to that instance on the DSL level.

### XMLInputFactory and XMLOutputFactory

The XStream library uses the `javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory` and `javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory`, you can control which implementation of this factory should be used.

The Factory is discovered using this algorithm:
1. Use the `javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory` , `javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory` system property.
2. Use the `lib/xml.stream.properties` file in the `JRE_HOME` directory.
3. Use the Services API, if available, to determine the classname by looking in the `META-INF/services/javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory`, `META-INF/services/javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory` files in jars available to the JRE.
4. Use the platform default XMLInputFactory,XMLOutputFactory instance.

### How to set the XML encoding in Xstream DataFormat?

From Camel 2.2.0, you can set the encoding of XML in Xstream DataFormat by setting the Exchange's property with the key `Exchange.CHARSET_NAME`, or setting the encoding property on Xstream from DSL or Spring config.

## CSV

The CSV Data Format uses Apache Commons CSV to handle CSV payloads (Comma Separated Values) such as those exported/imported by Excel.

As of Camel 2.15.0, it now uses the Apache Commons CSV 1.1 which is based on a completely different set of options.

### Available options until Camel 2.15

Option | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
config | CSVConfig | Can be used to set a custom `CSVConfig` object.
strategy | CSVStrategy | Can be used to set a custom `CSVStrategy`; the default is `CSVStrategy.DEFAULT_STRATEGY`.
autogenColumns | boolean | Whether or not columns are auto-generated in the resulting CSV. The default value is `true`; subsequent messages use the previously created columns with new fields being added at the end of the line.
delimiter | String | Camel 2.4: The column delimiter to use; the default value is "`,`".
skipFirstLine | boolean | Camel 2.10: Whether or not to skip the first line of CSV input when unmarshalling (e.g. if the content has headers on the first line); the default value is `false`.
lazyLoad | boolean | Camel 2.12.2: Whether or not to Sequential access CSV input through an iterator which could avoid OOM exception when processing huge CSV file; the default value is false
useMaps | boolean | Camel 2.13: Whether to use List<Map> when unmarshalling instead of List<List>.

### Available options as of Camel 2.15

Option | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`format` | `CSVFormat` | The reference format to use, it will be updated with the other format options, the default value is `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`
`commentMarkerDisabled` | `boolean` | Disables the comment marker of the reference format. This option is `false` by default.
`commentMarker` | `Character` | Overrides the comment marker of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `null` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`delimiter` | `Character` | Overrides the delimiter of the reference format. This option is `null` by defaut. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `','` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`escapeDisabled` | `boolean` | Disables the escape character of the reference format. This option is `false` by default.
`escape` | `Character` | Overrides the escape character of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `null` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`headerDisabled` | `boolean` | Disables the header of the reference format. This option is `false` by default.
`header` | `String[]` | Overrides the header of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `null` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`. In the XML DSL, this option is configured using children `<header>` tags:
`allowMissingColumnNames` | `Boolean` | Overrides the missing column names behavior of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `false` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`ignoreEmptyLines` | `Boolean` | Overrides the empty line behavior of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `true` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`ignoreSurroundingSpaces` | `Boolean` | Overrides the surrounding spaces behavior of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `false` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`nullStringDisabled` | `boolean` | Disables the null string representation of the reference format. This option is `false` by default.
`nullString` | `String` | Overrides the null string representation of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `null` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`quoteDisabled` | `boolean` | Disables the quote of the reference format. This option is `false` by default.
`quote` | `Character` | Overrides the quote symbol of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `'"'` (double quote) for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`quoteMode` | `QuoteMode` | Overrides the quote mode of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `null` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`recordSeparatorDisabled` | `boolean` | Disables the record separator of the reference format. This option is `false` by default.
`recordSeparator` | `String` | Overrides the record separator of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `\r\n` (CRLF) for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`skipHeaderRecord` | `Boolean` | Overrides the header record behavior of the reference format. This option is `null` by default. When `null` it keeps the value of the reference format which is `false` for `CSVFormat.DEFAULT`.
`lazyLoad` | `boolean` | Whether the unmarshalling should produce an iterator that reads the lines on the fly or if all the lines must be read at one. This option is `false` by default.
`useMaps` | `boolean` | Whether the unmarshalling should produce maps for the lines values instead of lists. It requires to have header (either defined or collected). This options is `false` by default.
`recordConverter` | `CsvRecordConverter` | Sets the record converter to use. If defines the `useMaps` options is disabled. This option is `null` by default.

### Marshalling a Map to CSV

The component allows you to marshal a Java Map (or any other message type that can be converted in a Map) into a CSV payload.

Considering the following body |
and this Java route definition |
or this XML route definition |
then it will produce |

### Unmarshalling a CSV message into a Java List

Unmarshalling will transform a CSV messsage into a Java List with CSV file lines (containing another List with all the field values).

An example: we have a CSV file with names of persons, their IQ and their current activity.

We can now use the CSV component to unmarshal this file:

The resulting message will contain a `List<List<String>>` like...

### Marshalling a List<Map> to CSV

Available as of Camel 2.1

If you have multiple rows of data you want to be marshalled into CSV format you can now store the message payload as a `List<Map<String, Object>>` object where the list contains a Map for each row.

### File Poller of CSV, then unmarshaling

Given a bean which can handle the incoming data...

MyCsvHandler.java

... your route then looks as follows

### Marshaling with a pipe as delimiter

Considering the following body |
and this Java route definition |
or this XML route definition |
then it will produce |

### Using autogenColumns, configRef and strategyRef attributes inside XML DSL

Available as of Camel 2.9.2 / 2.10 and deleted for Camel 2.15

You can customize the CSV Data Format to make use of your own `CSVConfig` and/or `CSVStrategy`. Also note that the default value of the `autogenColumns` option is true. The following example should illustrate this customization.

### Using skipFirstLine option while unmarshaling

Available as of Camel 2.10 and deleted for Camel 2.15

You can instruct the CSV Data Format to skip the first line which contains the CSV headers. Using the Spring/XML DSL:

Or the Java DSL:

### Unmarshaling with a pipe as delimiter

Using the Spring/XML DSL:

Or the Java DSL:

Issue in CSVConfig

It looks like that

doesn't work. You have to set the delimiter as a String!

### Dependencies

To use CSV in your Camel routes you need to add a dependency on camel-csv, which implements this data format.

If you use Maven you can just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest and greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

The String Data Format is a textual based format that supports encoding.

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
charset | null | To use a specific charset for encoding. If not provided Camel will use the JVM default charset.

### Marshal

In this example we marshal the file content to String object in UTF-8 encoding.

### Unmarshal

In this example we unmarshal the payload from the JMS queue to a String object using UTF-8 encoding, before its processed by the newOrder processor.

### Dependencies

This data format is provided in camel-core so no additional dependencies is needed.

### HL7 DataFormat

The HL7 component ships with a HL7 data format that can be used to marshal or unmarshal HL7 model objects.

- `marshal` = from Message to byte stream (can be used when responding using the HL7 MLLP codec)
- `unmarshal` = from byte stream to Message (can be used when receiving streamed data from the HL7 MLLP

To use the data format, simply instantiate an instance and invoke the marshal or unmarshal operation in the route builder:

In the sample above, the HL7 is marshalled from a HAPI Message object to a byte stream and put on a JMS queue.
The next example is the opposite:

Here we unmarshal the byte stream into a HAPI Message object that is passed to our patient lookup service.

Serializable messages

As of HAPI 2.0 (used by Camel 2.11), the HL7v2 model classes are fully serializable. So you can put HL7v2 messages directly into a JMS queue (i.e. without calling `marshal()` and read them again directly from the queue (i.e. without calling `unmarshal()`.

Segment separators

As of Camel 2.11, `unmarshal` does not automatically fix segment separators anymore by converting `\n` to `\r`. If you
need this conversion, `org.apache.camel.component.hl7.HL7#convertLFToCR` provides a handy `Expression` for this purpose.

Charset

As of Camel 2.14.1, both `marshal and unmarshal` evaluate the charset provided in the field `MSH-18`. If this field is empty, by default the charset contained in the corresponding Camel charset property/header is assumed. You can even change this default behavior by overriding the `guessCharsetName` method when inheriting from the `HL7DataFormat` class.

There is a shorthand syntax in Camel for well-known data formats that are commonly used.
Then you don't need to create an instance of the `HL7DataFormat` object:

## EDI DataFormat

We encourage end users to look at the Smooks which supports EDI and Camel natively.

## Flatpack DataFormat

The Flatpack component ships with the Flatpack data format that can be used to format between fixed width or delimited text messages to a `List` of rows as `Map`.

- marshal = from `List<Map<String, Object>>` to `OutputStream` (can be converted to `String`)
- unmarshal = from `java.io.InputStream` (such as a `File` or `String`) to a `java.util.List` as an `org.apache.camel.component.flatpack.DataSetList` instance.
  The result of the operation will contain all the data. If you need to process each row one by one you can split the exchange, using Splitter.

Notice: The Flatpack library does currently not support header and trailers for the marshal operation.

### Options

The data format has the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`definition` | `null` | The flatpack pzmap configuration file. Can be omitted in simpler situations, but its preferred to use the pzmap.
`fixed` | `false` | Delimited or fixed.
`ignoreFirstRecord` | `true` | Whether the first line is ignored for delimited files (for the column headers).
`textQualifier` | `"` | If the text is qualified with a char such as `"`.
`delimiter` | `,` | The delimiter char (could be `;` `,` or similar)
`parserFactory` | `null` | Uses the default Flatpack parser factory.
`allowShortLines` | `false` | Camel 2.9.7 and 2.10.5 onwards: Allows for lines to be shorter than expected and ignores the extra characters.
`ignoreExtraColumns` | `false` | Camel 2.9.7 and 2.10.5 onwards: Allows for lines to be longer than expected and ignores the extra characters.

### Usage

To use the data format, simply instantiate an instance and invoke the marshal or unmarshal operation in the route builder:

The sample above will read files from the `order/in` folder and unmarshal the input using the Flatpack configuration file `INVENTORY-Delimited.pzmap.xml` that configures the structure of the files. The result is a `DataSetList` object we store on the SEDA queue.

In the code above we marshal the data from a Object representation as a `List` of rows as `Maps`. The rows as `Map` contains the column name as the key, and the the corresponding value. This structure can be created in Java code from e.g. a processor. We marshal the data according to the Flatpack format and convert the result as a `String` object and store it on a JMS queue.

### Dependencies

To use Flatpack in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-flatpack which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## JSON

JSON is a Data Format to marshal and unmarshal Java objects to and from JSON.

For JSON to object marshalling, Camel provides integration with three popular JSON libraries:

- The XStream library and Jettsion
- The Jackson library
- Camel 2.10: The GSon library

Every library requires adding the special camel component (see "Dependency..." paragraphs further down). By default Camel uses the XStream library.

Direct, bi-directional JSON <=> XML conversions

As of Camel 2.10, Camel supports direct, bi-directional JSON <=> XML conversions via the camel-xmljson data format, which is documented separately.

### Using JSON data format with the XStream library

### Using JSON data format with the Jackson library

### Using JSON data format with the GSON library

#### Using JSON in Spring DSL

When using Data Format in Spring DSL you need to declare the data formats first. This is done in the DataFormats XML tag.

And then you can refer to this id in the route:

### Excluding POJO fields from marshalling

As of Camel 2.10
When marshalling a POJO to JSON you might want to exclude certain fields from the JSON output. With Jackson you can use JSON views to accomplish this. First create one or more marker classes.

Use the marker classes with the `@JsonView` annotation to include/exclude certain fields. The annotation also works on getters.
Finally use the Camel `JacksonDataFormat` to marshall the above POJO to JSON.
Note that the weight field is missing in the resulting JSON:

The GSON library supports a similar feature through the notion of ExclusionStrategies:

The `GsonDataFormat` accepts an `ExclusionStrategy` in its constructor:
The line above will exclude fields annotated with `@ExcludeAge` when marshalling to JSON.

### Configuring field naming policy

Available as of Camel 2.11

The GSON library supports specifying policies and strategies for mapping from json to POJO fields. A common naming convention is to map json fields using lower case with underscores.

We may have this JSON string

Which we want to map to a POJO that has getter/setters as

PersonPojo.java

Then we can configure the `org.apache.camel.component.gson.GsonDataFormat` in a Spring XML files as shown below. Notice we use `fieldNamingPolicy` property to set the field mapping. This property is an enum from GSon `com.google.gson.FieldNamingPolicy` which has a number of pre defined mappings. If you need full control you can use the property `FieldNamingStrategy` and implement a custom `com.google.gson.FieldNamingStrategy` where you can control the mapping.

Configuring GsonDataFromat in Spring XML file

And use it in Camel routes by referring to its bean id as shown:

Using gson from Camel Routes

### Include/Exclude fields using the `jsonView` attribute with `JacksonDataFormat`

Available as of Camel 2.12

As an example of using this attribute you can instead of:

Directly specify your JSON view inside the Java DSL as:

And the same in XML DSL:

### Setting serialization include option for Jackson marshal

Available as of Camel 2.13.3/2.14

If you want to marshal a pojo to JSON, and the pojo has some fields with null values. And you want to skip these null values, then you need to set either an annotation on the pojo,

But this requires you to include that annotation in your pojo source code. You can also configure the Camel JsonDataFormat to set the include option, as shown below:

Or from XML DSL you configure this as

### Unmarshalling from json to POJO with dynamic class name

Available as of Camel 2.14

If you use jackson to unmarshal json to POJO, then you can now specify a header in the message that indicate which class name to unmarshal to.
The header has key `CamelJacksonUnmarshalType` if that header is present in the message, then Jackson will use that as FQN for the POJO class to unmarshal the json payload as. Notice that behavior is enabled out of the box from Camel 2.14 onwards.

For JMS end users there is the JMSType header from the JMS spec that indicates that also. To enable support for JMSType you would need to turn that on, on the jackson data format as shown:

Or from XML DSL you configure this as

### Unmarshalling from json to List<Map> or List<pojo>

Available as of Camel 2.14

If you are using Jackson to unmarshal json to a list of map/pojo, you can now specify this by setting `useList="true"` or use the `org.apache.camel.component.jackson.ListJacksonDataFormat`. For example with Java you can do as shown below:

And if you use XML DSL then you configure to use list using `useList` attribute as shown below:

And you can specify the pojo type also

### Using custom Jackson modules

Available as of Camel 2.15

You can use custom Jackson modules by specifying the class names of those using the moduleClassNames option as shown below.

When using moduleClassNames then the custom jackson modules are not configured, by created using default constructor and used as-is. If a custom module needs any custom configuration, then an instance of the module can be created and configured, and then use modulesRefs to refer to the module as shown below:

Multiple modules can be specified separated by comma, such as moduleRefs="myJacksonModule,myOtherModule"

### Enabling or disable features using Jackson

Available as of Camel 2.15

Jackson has a number of features you can enable or disable, which its ObjectMapper uses. For example to disable failing on unknown properties when marshalling, you can configure this using the disableFeatures:

You can disable multiple features by separating the values using comma. The values for the features must be the name of the enums from Jackson from the following enum classes

- com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature
- com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature
- com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.MapperFeature

To enable a feature use the enableFeatures options instead.

From Java code you can use the type safe methods from camel-jackson module:

### Converting Maps to POJO using Jackson

Available since Camel 2.16. Jackson `ObjectMapper` can be used to convert maps to POJO objects. Jackson component comes with the data converter that can be used to convert `java.util.Map` instance to non-String, non-primitive and non-Number objects.

If there is a single `ObjectMapper` instance available in the Camel registry, it will used by the converter to perform the conversion. Otherwise the default mapper will be used.

### Formatted JSON marshalling (pretty-printing)

Available as of Camel 2.16

Using the `prettyPrint` option one can output a well formatted JSON while marshalling:

And in Java DSL:

Please note that as of Camel 2.16 there’re 5 different overloaded `json()` DSL methods which support the `prettyPrint` option in combination with other settings for `JsonLibrary`, `unmarshalType`, `jsonView` etc.

### Dependencies for XStream

To use JSON in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-xstream which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

### Dependencies for Jackson

To use JSON in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-jackson which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

### Dependencies for GSON

To use JSON in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-gson which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

The Zip Data Format is a message compression and de-compression format. Messages marshalled using Zip compression can be unmarshalled using Zip decompression just prior to being consumed at the endpoint. The compression capability is quite useful when you deal with large XML and Text based payloads. It facilitates more optimal use of network bandwidth while incurring a small cost in order to compress and decompress payloads at the endpoint.

About using with Files

The Zip data format, does not (yet) have special support for files. Which means that when using big files, the entire file content is loaded into memory.
This is subject to change in the future, to allow a streaming based solution to have a low memory footprint.

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
compressionLevel | null | To specify a specific compression Level use `java.util.zip.Deflater` settings. The possible settings are - `Deflater.BEST_SPEED` - `Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION` - `Deflater.DEFAULT_COMPRESSION` If compressionLevel is not explicitly specified the compressionLevel employed is `Deflater.DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`

### Marshal

In this example we marshal a regular text/XML payload to a compressed payload employing zip compression `Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION` and send it an ActiveMQ queue called MY_QUEUE.

Alternatively if you would like to use the default setting you could send it as

### Unmarshal

In this example we unmarshal a zipped payload from an ActiveMQ queue called MY_QUEUE to its original format, and forward it for processing to the UnZippedMessageProcessor. Note that the compression Level employed during the marshalling should be identical to the one employed during unmarshalling to avoid errors.

### Dependencies

This data format is provided in camel-core so no additional dependencies is needed.

## TidyMarkup

TidyMarkup is a Data Format that uses the TagSoup to tidy up HTML. It can be used to parse ugly HTML and return it as pretty wellformed HTML.

Camel eats our own -dog food- soap

We had some issues in our pdf Manual where we had some strange symbols. So Jonathan used this data format to tidy up the wiki html pages that are used as base for rendering the pdf manuals. And then the mysterious symbols vanished.

TidyMarkup only supports the unmarshal operation as we really don't want to turn well formed HTML into ugly HTML

### Java DSL Example

An example where the consumer provides some HTML

### Spring XML Example

The following example shows how to use TidyMarkup to unmarshal using Spring

### Dependencies

To use TidyMarkup in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-tagsoup which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## Bindy

The goal of this component is to allow the parsing/binding of non-structured data (or to be more precise non-XML data)
to/from Java Beans that have binding mappings defined with annotations. Using Bindy, you can bind data from sources such as :

- CSV records,
- Fixed-length records,
- FIX messages,
- or almost any other non-structured data

to one or many Plain Old Java Object (POJO). Bindy converts the data according to the type of the java property. POJOs can be linked together with one-to-many relationships available in some cases. Moreover, for data type like Date, Double, Float, Integer, Short, Long and BigDecimal, you can provide the pattern to apply during the formatting of the property.

For the BigDecimal numbers, you can also define the precision and the decimal or grouping separators.

Type | Format Type | Pattern example | Link
--- | --- | --- | ---
Date | DateFormat | "dd-MM-yyyy" | http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html
Decimal* | Decimalformat | "##.###.###" | http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/text/DecimalFormat.html

Decimal* = Double, Integer, Float, Short, Long

Format supported

This first release only support comma separated values fields and key value pair fields (e.g. : FIX messages).

To work with camel-bindy, you must first define your model in a package (e.g. com.acme.model) and for each model class (e.g. Order, Client, Instrument, ...) add the required annotations (described hereafter) to the Class or field.

Multiple models

If you use multiple models, each model has to be placed in it's own package to prevent unpredictable results.

From Camel 2.16 onwards this is no longer the case, as you can safely have multiple models in the same package, as you configure bindy using class names instead of package names now.

## Annotations

The annotations created allow to map different concept of your model to the POJO like :

- Type of record (csv, key value pair (e.g. FIX message), fixed length ...),
- Link (to link object in another object),
- DataField and their properties (int, type, ...),
- KeyValuePairField (for key = value format like we have in FIX financial messages),
- Section (to identify header, body and footer section),
- OneToMany

This section will describe them :

### 1. CsvRecord

The CsvRecord annotation is used to identified the root class of the model. It represents a record = a line of a CSV file and can be linked to several children model classes.

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
CsvRecord | csv | Class

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
separator | string | mandatory - can be ',' or ';' or 'anything'. This value is interpreted as a regular expression. If you want to use a sign which has a special meaning in regular expressions, e.g. the '|' sign, than you have to mask it, like ' |'
skipFirstLine | boolean | optional - default value = false - allow to skip the first line of the CSV file
crlf | string | optional - possible values = WINDOWS,UNIX,MAC, or custom; default value = WINDOWS - allow to define the carriage return character to use. If you specify a value other than the three listed before, the value you enter (custom) will be used as the CRLF character(s)
generateHeaderColumns | boolean | optional - default value = false - uses to generate the header columns of the CSV generates
autospanLine | boolean | Camel 2.13/2.12.2: optional - default value = false - if enabled then the last column is auto spanned to end of line, for example if its a comment, etc this allows the line to contain all characters, also the delimiter char.
isOrdered | boolean | optional - default value = false - allow to change the order of the fields when CSV is generated
quote | String | Camel 2.8.3/2.9: option - allow to specify a quote character of the fields when CSV is generated
|  | This annotation is associated to the root class of the model and must be declared one time.
quoting | boolean | Camel 2.11:optional - default value = false - Indicate if the values must be quoted when marshaling when CSV is generated.

case 1 : separator = ','

The separator used to segregate the fields in the CSV record is ',' :

10, J, Pauline, M, XD12345678, Fortis Dynamic 15/15, 2500, USD,08-01-2009

case 2 : separator = ';'

Compare to the previous case, the separator here is ';' instead of ',' :

10; J; Pauline; M; XD12345678; Fortis Dynamic 15/15; 2500; USD; 08-01-2009

case 3 : separator = '|'

Compare to the previous case, the separator here is '|' instead of ';' :

10| J| Pauline| M| XD12345678| Fortis Dynamic 15/15| 2500| USD| 08-01-2009

case 4 : separator = '\",\"'
Applies for Camel 2.8.2 or older

When the field to be parsed of the CSV record contains ',' or ';' which is also used as separator, we whould find another strategy
to tell camel bindy how to handle this case. To define the field containing the data with a comma, you will use simple or double quotes
as delimiter (e.g : '10', 'Street 10, NY', 'USA' or "10", "Street 10, NY", "USA").
Remark : In this case, the first and last character of the line which are a simple or double quotes will removed by bindy

"10","J","Pauline"," M","XD12345678","Fortis Dynamic 15,15" 2500","USD","08-01-2009"

From Camel 2.8.3/2.9 or never bindy will automatic detect if the record is enclosed with either single or double quotes and automatic remove those quotes when unmarshalling from CSV to Object. Therefore do not include the quotes in the separator, but simple do as below:

"10","J","Pauline"," M","XD12345678","Fortis Dynamic 15,15" 2500","USD","08-01-2009"

Notice that if you want to marshal from Object to CSV and use quotes, then you need to specify which quote character to use, using the `quote` attribute on the @CsvRecord as shown below:

case 5 : separator & skipfirstline

The feature is interesting when the client wants to have in the first line of the file, the name of the data fields :

order id, client id, first name, last name, isin code, instrument name, quantity, currency, date

To inform bindy that this first line must be skipped during the parsing process, then we use the attribute :

case 6 : generateHeaderColumns

To add at the first line of the CSV generated, the attribute generateHeaderColumns must be set to true in the annotation like this :

As a result, Bindy during the unmarshaling process will generate CSV like this :

order id, client id, first name, last name, isin code, instrument name, quantity, currency, date
10, J, Pauline, M, XD12345678, Fortis Dynamic 15/15, 2500, USD,08-01-2009

case 7 : carriage return

If the platform where camel-bindy will run is not Windows but Macintosh or Unix, than you can change the crlf property like this. Three values are available : WINDOWS, UNIX or MAC

Additionally, if for some reason you need to add a different line ending character, you can opt to specify it using the crlf parameter. In the following example, we can end the line with a comma followed by the newline character:

case 8 : isOrdered

Sometimes, the order to follow during the creation of the CSV record from the model is different from the order used during the parsing. Then, in this case, we can use the attribute isOrdered = true to indicate this in combination with attribute 'position' of the DataField annotation.

Remark : pos is used to parse the file, stream while positions is used to generate the CSV

### 2. Link

The link annotation will allow to link objects together.

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
Link | all | Class & Property

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
linkType | LinkType | optional - by default the value is LinkType.oneToOne - so you are not obliged to mention it
|  | Only one-to-one relation is allowed.

e.g : If the model Class Client is linked to the Order class, then use annotation Link in the Order class like this :

Property Link

AND for the class Client :

Class Link

### 3. DataField

The DataField annotation defines the property of the field. Each datafield is identified by its position in the record, a type (string, int, date, ...) and optionally of a pattern

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
DataField | all | Property

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
pos | int | mandatory - The input position of the field. digit number starting from 1 to ... - See the position parameter.
pattern | string | optional - default value = "" - will be used to format Decimal, Date, ...
length | int | optional - represents the length of the field for fixed length format
precision | int | optional - represents the precision to be used when the Decimal number will be formatted/parsed
pattern | string | optional - default value = "" - is used by the Java formatter (SimpleDateFormat by example) to format/validate data. If using pattern, then setting locale on bindy data format is recommended. Either set to a known locale such as "us" or use "default" to use platform default locale. Notice that "default" requires Camel 2.14/2.13.3/2.12.5.
position | int | optional - must be used when the position of the field in the CSV generated (output message) must be different compare to input position (pos). See the pos parameter.
required | boolean | optional - default value = "false"
trim | boolean | optional - default value = "false"
defaultValue | string | Camel 2.10: optional - default value = "" - defines the field's default value when the respective CSV field is empty/not available
impliedDecimalSeparator | boolean | Camel 2.11: optional - default value = "false" - Indicates if there is a decimal point implied at a specified location
lengthPos | int | Camel 2.11: optional - can be used to identify a data field in a fixed-length record that defines the fixed length for this field
delimiter | string | Camel 2.11: optional - can be used to demarcate the end of a variable-length field within a fixed-length record

case 1 : pos

This parameter/attribute represents the position of the field in the csv record

Position

As you can see in this example the position starts at '1' but continues at '5' in the class Order. The numbers from '2' to '4' are defined in the class Client (see here after).

Position continues in another model class

case 2 : pattern

The pattern allows to enrich or validates the format of your data

Pattern

case 3 : precision

The precision is helpful when you want to define the decimal part of your number

Precision

case 4 : Position is different in output

The position attribute will inform bindy how to place the field in the CSV record generated. By default, the position used corresponds to the position defined with the attribute 'pos'. If the position is different (that means that we have an asymetric processus comparing marshaling from unmarshaling) than we can use 'position' to indicate this.

Here is an example

Position is different in output

This attribute of the annotation @DataField must be used in combination with attribute isOrdered = true of the annotation @CsvRecord

case 5 : required

If a field is mandatory, simply use the attribute 'required' setted to true

Required

If this field is not present in the record, than an error will be raised by the parser with the following information :

Some fields are missing (optional or mandatory), line :

case 6 : trim

If a field has leading and/or trailing spaces which should be removed before they are processed, simply use the attribute 'trim' setted to true

Trim

case 7 : defaultValue

If a field is not defined then uses the value indicated by the defaultValue attribute

Default value

This attribute is only applicable to optional fields.

### 4. FixedLengthRecord

The FixedLengthRecord annotation is used to identified the root class of the model. It represents a record = a line of a file/message containing data fixed length formatted and can be linked to several children model classes. This format is a bit particular beause data of a field can be aligned to the right or to the left.
When the size of the data does not fill completely the length of the field, we can then add 'padd' characters.

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
FixedLengthRecord | fixed | Class

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
crlf | string | optional - possible values = WINDOWS,UNIX,MAC, or custom; default value = WINDOWS - allow to define the carriage return character to use. If you specify a value other than the three listed before, the value you enter (custom) will be used as the CRLF character(s)
paddingChar | char | mandatory - default value = ' '
length | int | mandatory = size of the fixed length record
hasHeader | boolean | Camel 2.11 - optional - Indicates that the record(s) of this type may be preceded by a single header record at the beginning of the file / stream
hasFooter | boolean | Camel 2.11 - optional - Indicates that the record(s) of this type may be followed by a single footer record at the end of the file / stream
skipHeader | boolean | Camel 2.11 - optional - Configures the data format to skip marshalling / unmarshalling of the header record. Configure this parameter on the primary record (e.g., not the header or footer).
skipFooter | boolean | Camel 2.11 - optional - Configures the data format to skip marshalling / unmarshalling of the footer record Configure this parameter on the primary record (e.g., not the header or footer)..
isHeader | boolean | Camel 2.11 - optional - Identifies this FixedLengthRecord as a header record
isFooter | boolean | Camel 2.11 - optional - Identifies this FixedLengthRecords as a footer record
ignoreTrailingChars | boolean | Camel 2.11.1 - optional - Indicates that characters beyond the last mapped filed can be ignored when unmarshalling / parsing.
|  | This annotation is associated to the root class of the model and must be declared one time.

The hasHeader/hasFooter parameters are mutually exclusive with isHeader/isFooter. A record may not be both a header/footer and a primary fixed-length record.

case 1 : Simple fixed length record

This simple example shows how to design the model to parse/format a fixed message

10A9PaulineMISINXD12345678BUYShare2500.45USD01-08-2009

Fixed-simple

case 2 : Fixed length record with alignment and padding

This more elaborated example show how to define the alignment for a field and how to assign a padding character which is ' ' here''

10A9 PaulineM ISINXD12345678BUYShare2500.45USD01-08-2009

Fixed-padding-align

case 3 : Field padding

Sometimes, the default padding defined for record cannnot be applied to the field as we have a number format where we would like to padd with '0' instead of ' '. In this case, you can use in the model the attribute paddingField to set this value.

10A9 PaulineM ISINXD12345678BUYShare000002500.45USD01-08-2009

Fixed-padding-field

case 4: Fixed length record with delimiter

Fixed-length records sometimes have delimited content within the record. The firstName and lastName fields are delimited with the '^' character in the following example:

10A9Pauline^M^ISINXD12345678BUYShare000002500.45USD01-08-2009

Fixed-delimited

As of Camel 2.11 the 'pos' value(s) in a fixed-length record may optionally be defined using ordinal, sequential values instead of precise column numbers.

case 5 : Fixed length record with record-defined field length

Occasionally a fixed-length record may contain a field that define the expected length of another field within the same record. In the following example the length of the instrumentNumber field value is defined by the value of instrumentNumberLen field in the record.

10A9Pauline^M^ISIN10XD12345678BUYShare000002500.45USD01-08-2009

Fixed-delimited

case 6 : Fixed length record with header and footer

Bindy will discover fixed-length header and footer records that are configured as part of the model – provided that the annotated classes exist either in the same package as the primary @FixedLengthRecord class, or within one of the configured scan packages. The following text illustrates two fixed-length records that are bracketed by a header record and footer record.

101-08-2009
10A9 PaulineM ISINXD12345678BUYShare000002500.45USD01-08-2009
10A9 RichN ISINXD12345678BUYShare000002700.45USD01-08-2009
9000000002

Fixed-header-and-footer-main-class

case 7 : Skipping content when parsing a fixed length record. (Camel 2.11.1)

It is common to integrate with systems that provide fixed-length records containing more information than needed for the target use case. It is useful in this situation to skip the declaration and parsing of those fields that we do not need. To accomodate this, Bindy will skip forward to the next mapped field within a record if the 'pos' value of the next declared field is beyond the cursor position of the last parsed field. Using absolute 'pos' locations for the fields of interest (instead of ordinal values) causes Bindy to skip content between two fields.

Similarly, it is possible that none of the content beyond some field is of interest. In this case, you can tell Bindy to skip parsing of everything beyond the last mapped field by setting the ignoreTrailingChars property on the @FixedLengthRecord declaration.

### 5. Message

The Message annotation is used to identified the class of your model who will contain key value pairs fields. This kind of format is used mainly in Financial Exchange Protocol Messages (FIX). Nevertheless, this annotation can be used for any other format where data are identified by keys. The key pair values are separated each other by a separator which can be a special character like a tab delimitor (unicode representation : \u0009) or a start of heading (unicode representation : \u0001)

"FIX information"

More information about FIX can be found on this web site : http://www.fixprotocol.org/. To work with FIX messages, the model must contain a Header and Trailer classes linked to the root message class which could be a Order class. This is not mandatory but will be very helpful when you will use camel-bindy in combination with camel-fix which is a Fix gateway based on quickFix project http://www.quickfixj.org/.

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
Message | key value pair | Class

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
pairSeparator | string | mandatory - can be '=' or ';' or 'anything'
keyValuePairSeparair | string | mandatory - can be '\u0001', '\u0009', '#' or 'anything'
crlf | string | optional - possible values = WINDOWS,UNIX,MAC, or custom; default value = WINDOWS - allow to define the carriage return character to use. If you specify a value other than the three listed before, the value you enter (custom) will be used as the CRLF character(s)
type | string | optional - define the type of message (e.g. FIX, EMX, ...)
version | string | optional - version of the message (e.g. 4.1)
isOrdered | boolean | optional - default value = false - allow to change the order of the fields when FIX message is generated
|  | This annotation is associated to the message class of the model and must be declared one time.

case 1 : separator = 'u0001'

The separator used to segregate the key value pair fields in a FIX message is the ASCII '01' character or in unicode format '\u0001'. This character must be escaped a second time to avoid a java runtime error. Here is an example :

8=FIX.4.1 9=20 34=1 35=0 49=INVMGR 56=BRKR 1=BE.CHM.001 11=CHM0001-01 22=4 ...

and how to use the annotation

FIX - message

Look at test cases

The ASCII character like tab, ... cannot be displayed in WIKI page. So, have a look to the test case of camel-bindy to see exactly how the FIX message looks like (src\test\data\fix\fix.txt) and the Order, Trailer, Header classes (src\test\java\org\apache\camel\dataformat\bindy\model\fix\simple\Order.java)

### 6. KeyValuePairField

The KeyValuePairField annotation defines the property of a key value pair field. Each KeyValuePairField is identified by a tag (= key) and its value associated, a type (string, int, date, ...), optionaly a pattern and if the field is required

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
KeyValuePairField | Key Value Pair - FIX | Property

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
tag | int | mandatory - digit number identifying the field in the message - must be unique
pattern | string | optional - default value = "" - will be used to format Decimal, Date, ...
precision | int | optional - digit number - represents the precision to be used when the Decimal number will be formatted/parsed
position | int | optional - must be used when the position of the key/tag in the FIX message must be different
required | boolean | optional - default value = "false"
impliedDecimalSeparator | boolean | Camel 2.11: optional - default value = "false" - Indicates if there is a decimal point implied at a specified location

case 1 : tag

This parameter represents the key of the field in the message

FIX message - Tag

case 2 : Different position in output

If the tags/keys that we will put in the FIX message must be sorted according to a predefine order, then use the attribute 'position' of the annotation @KeyValuePairField

FIX message - Tag - sort

### 7. Section

In FIX message of fixed length records, it is common to have different sections in the representation of the information : header, body and section. The purpose of the annotation @Section is to inform bindy about which class of the model represents the header (= section 1), body (= section 2) and footer (= section 3)

Only one attribute/parameter exists for this annotation.

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
Section | FIX | Class

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
number | int | digit number identifying the section position

case 1 : Section

A. Definition of the header section

FIX message - Section - Header

B. Definition of the body section

FIX message - Section - Body

C. Definition of the footer section

FIX message - Section - Footer

### 8. OneToMany

The purpose of the annotation @OneToMany is to allow to work with a List<?> field defined a POJO class or from a record containing repetitive groups.

Restrictions OneToMany

Be careful, the one to many of bindy does not allow to handle repetitions defined on several levels of the hierarchy

The relation OneToMany ONLY WORKS in the following cases :

- Reading a FIX message containing repetitive groups (= group of tags/keys)
- Generating a CSV with repetitive data

Annotation name | Record type | Level
--- | --- | ---
OneToMany | all | property

Parameter name | type | Info
--- | --- | ---
mappedTo | string | optional - string - class name associated to the type of the List<Type of the Class>

case 1 : Generating CSV with repetitive data

Here is the CSV output that we want :

Claus,Ibsen,Camel in Action 1,2010,35
Claus,Ibsen,Camel in Action 2,2012,35
Claus,Ibsen,Camel in Action 3,2013,35
Claus,Ibsen,Camel in Action 4,2014,35

Remark : the repetitive data concern the title of the book and its publication date while first, last name and age are common

and the classes used to modeling this. The Author class contains a List of Book.

Generate CSV with repetitive data

Very simple isn't it !!!

case 2 : Reading FIX message containing group of tags/keys

Here is the message that we would like to process in our model :

"8=FIX 4.19=2034=135=049=INVMGR56=BRKR"
"1=BE.CHM.00111=CHM0001-0158=this is a camel - bindy test"
"22=448=BE000124567854=1"
"22=548=BE000987654354=2"
"22=648=BE000999999954=3"
"10=220"

tags 22, 48 and 54 are repeated

and the code

Reading FIX message containing group of tags/keys

### Using the Java DSL

The next step consists in instantiating the DataFormat bindy class associated with this record type and providing Java package name(s) as parameter.

For example the following uses the class `BindyCsvDataFormat` (who correspond to the class associated with the CSV record type) which is configured with "com.acme.model"
package name to initialize the model objects configured in this package.

#### Setting locale

Bindy supports configuring the locale on the dataformat, such as

Or to use the platform default locale then use "default" as the locale name. Notice this requires Camel 2.14/2.13.3/2.12.5.

for older releases you can set it using Java code as shown

#### Unmarshaling

Alternatively, you can use a named reference to a data format which can then be defined in your Registry e.g. your Spring XML file:

The Camel route will pick-up files in the inbox directory, unmarshall CSV records into a collection of model objects and send the collection
to the route referenced by 'handleOrders'.

The collection returned is a List of Map objects. Each Map within the list contains the model objects that were marshalled out of each line of the CSV. The reason behind this is that each line can correspond to more than one object. This can be confusing when you simply expect one object to be returned per line.

Each object can be retrieve using its class name.

Assuming that you want to extract a single Order object from this map for processing in a route, you could use a combination of a Splitter and a Processor as per the following:

#### Marshaling

To generate CSV records from a collection of model objects, you create the following route :

### Using Spring XML

This is really easy to use Spring as your favorite DSL language to declare the routes to be used for camel-bindy. The following example shows two routes where the first will pick-up records from files, unmarshal the content and bind it to their model. The result is then send to a pojo (doing nothing special) and place them into a queue.

The second route will extract the pojos from the queue and marshal the content to generate a file containing the csv record. The example above is for using Camel 2.16 onwards.

spring dsl

Be careful

Please verify that your model classes implements serializable otherwise the queue manager will raise an error

### Dependencies

To use Bindy in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-bindy which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## XMLSecurity Data Format

The XMLSecurity Data Format facilitates encryption and decryption of XML payloads at the Document, Element, and Element Content levels (including simultaneous multi-node encryption/decryption using XPath). To sign messages using the XML Signature specification, please see the Camel XML Security component.

The encryption capability is based on formats supported using the Apache XML Security (Santuario) project. Symmetric encryption/decryption is currently supported using Triple-DES and AES (128, 192, and 256) encryption formats. Additional formats can be easily added later as needed. This capability allows Camel users to encrypt/decrypt payloads while being dispatched or received along a route.

Available as of Camel 2.9
The XMLSecurity Data Format supports asymmetric key encryption. In this encryption model a symmetric key is generated and used to perform XML content encryption or decryption. This "content encryption key" is then itself encrypted using an asymmetric encryption algorithm that leverages the recipient's public key as the "key encryption key". Use of an asymmetric key encryption algorithm ensures that only the holder of the recipient's private key can access the generated symmetric encryption key. Thus, only the private key holder can decode the message. The XMLSecurity Data Format handles all of the logic required to encrypt and decrypt the message content and encryption key(s) using asymmetric key encryption.

The XMLSecurity Data Format also has improved support for namespaces when processing the XPath queries that select content for encryption. A namespace definition mapping can be included as part of the data format configuration. This enables true namespace matching, even if the prefix values in the XPath query and the target xml document are not equivalent strings.

### Basic Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`secureTag` | `null` | The XPath reference to the XML Element selected for encryption/decryption. If no tag is specified, the entire payload is encrypted/decrypted.
`secureTagContents` | `false` | A boolean value to specify whether the XML Element is to be encrypted or the contents of the XML Element `false` = Element Level `true` = Element Content Level
`passPhrase` | `null` | A String used as passPhrase to encrypt/decrypt content. The passPhrase has to be provided. If no passPhrase is specified, a default passPhrase is used. The passPhrase needs to be put together in conjunction with the appropriate encryption algorithm. For example using `TRIPLEDES` the passPhase can be a `"Only another 24 Byte key"`
`xmlCipherAlgorithm` | `TRIPLEDES` | The cipher algorithm to be used for encryption/decryption of the XML message content. The available choices are: `XMLCipher.TRIPLEDES` `XMLCipher.AES_128` `XMLCipher.AES_128_GCM` Camel 2.12 `XMLCipher.AES_192` `XMLCipher.AES_192_GCM` Camel 2.12 `XMLCipher.AES_256` `XMLCipher.AES_256_GCM` Camel 2.12 XMLCipher.SEED_128 Camel 2.15 XMLCipher.CAMELLIA_128, XMLCipher.CAMELLIA_192, XMLCipher.CAMELLIA_256 Camel 2.15
`namespaces` | `null` | A map of namespace values indexed by prefix. The index values must match the prefixes used in the `secureTag` XPath query.

### Asymmetric Encryption Options

These options can be applied in addition to relevant the Basic options to use asymmetric key encryption.

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`recipientKeyAlias` | `null` | The key alias to be used when retrieving the recipient's public or private key from a KeyStore when performing asymmetric key encryption or decryption.
`keyCipherAlgorithm` | Camel 2.12 `XMLCipher.RSA_OAEP` | The cipher algorithm to be used for encryption/decryption of the asymmetric key. The available choices are: `XMLCipher.RSA_v1dot5` `XMLCipher.RSA_OAEP` `XMLCipher.RSA_OAEP_11`
`keyOrTrustStoreParameters` | `null` | Configuration options for creating and loading a KeyStore instance that represents the sender's trustStore or recipient's keyStore.
`keyPassword` | `null` | Camel 2.10.2 / 2.11: The password to be used for retrieving the private key from the KeyStore. This key is used for asymmetric decryption.
`digestAlgorithm` | XMLCipher.SHA1 | Camel 2.12 The digest algorithm to use with the RSA OAEP algorithm. The available choices are: `XMLCipher.SHA1` `XMLCipher.SHA256` `XMLCipher.SHA512`
`mgfAlgorithm` | EncryptionConstants.MGF1_SHA1 | Camel 2.12 The MGF Algorithm to use with the RSA OAEP algorithm. The available choices are: `EncryptionConstants.MGF1_SHA1` `EncryptionConstants.MGF1_SHA256` `EncryptionConstants.MGF1_SHA512`
addKeyValueForEncryptedKey | true | Camel 2.14.1 Whether to add the public key used to encrypt the session key as a KeyValue in the EncryptedKey structure or not.

#### Key Cipher Algorithm

As of Camel 2.12.0, the default Key Cipher Algorithm is now XMLCipher.RSA_OAEP instead of XMLCipher.RSA_v1dot5. Usage of XMLCipher.RSA_v1dot5 is discouraged due to various attacks. Requests that use RSA v1.5 as the key cipher algorithm will be rejected unless it has been explicitly configured as the key cipher algorithm.

### Marshal

In order to encrypt the payload, the `marshal` processor needs to be applied on the route followed by the `secureXML()` tag.

### Unmarshal

In order to decrypt the payload, the `unmarshal` processor needs to be applied on the route followed by the `secureXML()` tag.

### Examples

Given below are several examples of how marshalling could be performed at the Document, Element, and Content levels.

#### Full Payload encryption/decryption

#### Partial Payload Content Only encryption/decryption

#### Partial Multi Node Payload Content Only encryption/decryption

#### Partial Payload Content Only encryption/decryption with choice of passPhrase(password)

#### Partial Payload Content Only encryption/decryption with passPhrase(password) and Algorithm

#### Partial Payload Content with Namespace support

##### Java DSL

##### Spring XML

A namespace prefix that is defined as part of the `camelContext` definition can be re-used in context within the data format `secureTag` attribute of the `secureXML` element.

#### Asymmetric Key Encryption

##### Spring XML Sender

##### Spring XML Recipient

### Dependencies

This data format is provided within the camel-xmlsecurity component.

The GZip Data Format is a message compression and de-compression format. It uses the same deflate algorithm that is used in Zip DataFormat, although some additional headers are provided. This format is produced by popular `gzip`/`gunzip` tool. Messages marshalled using GZip compression can be unmarshalled using GZip decompression just prior to being consumed at the endpoint. The compression capability is quite useful when you deal with large XML and Text based payloads or when you read messages previously comressed using `gzip` tool.

### Options

There are no options provided for this data format.

### Marshal

In this example we marshal a regular text/XML payload to a compressed payload employing gzip compression format and send it an ActiveMQ queue called MY_QUEUE.

### Unmarshal

In this example we unmarshal a gzipped payload from an ActiveMQ queue called MY_QUEUE to its original format, and forward it for processing to the `UnGZippedMessageProcessor`.

### Dependencies

This data format is provided in camel-core so no additional dependencies is needed.

## Castor

Available as of Camel 2.1

Castor is a Data Format which uses the Castor XML library to unmarshal an XML payload into Java objects or to marshal Java objects into an XML payload.

As usually you can use either Java DSL or Spring XML to work with Castor Data Format.

### Using the Java DSL

For example the following uses a named DataFormat of Castor which uses default Castor data binding features.

If you prefer to use a named reference to a data format which can then be defined in your Registry such as via your Spring XML file. e.g.

If you want to override default mapping schema by providing a mapping file you can set it as follows.

Also if you want to have more control on Castor Marshaller and Unmarshaller you can access them as below.

### Using Spring XML

The following example shows how to use Castor to unmarshal using Spring configuring the castor data type

This example shows how to configure the data type just once and reuse it on multiple routes. You have to set the <castor> element directly in <camelContext>.

### Options

Castor supports the following options

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
encoding | String | UTF-8 | Encoding to use when marshalling an Object to XML
validation | Boolean | false | Whether validation is turned on or off.
mappingFile | String | null | Path to a Castor mapping file to load from the classpath.
packages | String[] | null | Add additional packages to Castor XmlContext
classNames | String[] | null | Add additional class names to Castor XmlContext

### Dependencies

To use Castor in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-castor which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

# Protobuf - Protocol Buffers

"Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format"

Available from Camel 2.2

Camel provides a Data Format to serialse between Java and the Protocol Buffer protocol. The project's site details why you may wish to choose this format over xml. Protocol Buffer is language-neutral and platform-neutral, so messages produced by your Camel routes may be consumed by other language implementations.

API Site
Protobuf Implementation
Protobuf Java Tutorial

## Protobuf overview

This quick overview of how to use Protobuf. For more detail see the complete tutorial

### Defining the proto format

The first step is to define the format for the body of your exchange. This is defined in a .proto file as so:

addressbook.proto

### Generating Java classes

The Protobuf SDK provides a compiler which will generate the Java classes for the format we defined in our .proto file. You can run the compiler for any additional supported languages you require.

`protoc --java_out=. ./addressbook.proto`

This will generate a single Java class named AddressBookProtos which contains inner classes for Person and AddressBook. Builders are also implemented for you. The generated classes implement com.google.protobuf.Message which is required by the serialisation mechanism. For this reason it important that only these classes are used in the body of your exchanges. Camel will throw an exception on route creation if you attempt to tell the Data Format to use a class that does not implement com.google.protobuf.Message. Use the generated builders to translate the data from any of your existing domain classes.

## Java DSL

You can use create the ProtobufDataFormat instance and pass it to Camel DataFormat marshal and unmarsha API like this.

Or use the DSL protobuf() passing the unmarshal default instance or default instance class name like this.

## Spring DSL

The following example shows how to use Castor to unmarshal using Spring configuring the protobuf data type

### Dependencies

To use Protobuf in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-protobuf which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

## SOAP DataFormat

Available as of Camel 2.3

SOAP is a Data Format which uses JAXB2 and JAX-WS annotations to marshal and unmarshal SOAP payloads. It provides the basic features of Apache CXF without need for the CXF Stack.

Supported SOAP versions

SOAP 1.1 is supported by default. SOAP 1.2 is supported from Camel 2.11 onwards.

Namespace prefix mapping

See JAXB for details how you can control namespace prefix mappings when marshalling using SOAP data format.

### ElementNameStrategy

An element name strategy is used for two purposes. The first is to find a xml element name for a given object and soap action when marshaling the object into a SOAP message. The second is to find an Exception class for a given soap fault name.

Strategy | Usage
--- | ---
QNameStrategy | Uses a fixed qName that is configured on instantiation. Exception lookup is not supported
TypeNameStrategy | Uses the name and namespace from the @XMLType annotation of the given type. If no namespace is set then package-info is used. Exception lookup is not supported
ServiceInterfaceStrategy | Uses information from a webservice interface to determine the type name and to find the exception class for a SOAP fault

If you have generated the web service stub code with cxf-codegen or a similar tool then you probably will want to use the ServiceInterfaceStrategy. In the case you have no annotated service interface you should use QNameStrategy or TypeNameStrategy.

### Using the Java DSL

The following example uses a named DataFormat of soap which is configured with the package com.example.customerservice to initialize the JAXBContext. The second parameter is the ElementNameStrategy. The route is able to marshal normal objects as well as exceptions. (Note the below just sends a SOAP Envelope to a queue. A web service provider would actually need to be listening to the queue for a SOAP call to actually occur, in which case it would be a one way SOAP request. If you need request reply then you should look at the next example.)

See also

As the SOAP dataformat inherits from the JAXB dataformat most settings apply here as well

#### Using SOAP 1.2

Available as of Camel 2.11

When using XML DSL there is a version attribute you can set on the <soapjaxb> element.

And in the Camel route

### Multi-part Messages

Available as of Camel 2.8.1

Multi-part SOAP messages are supported by the ServiceInterfaceStrategy. The ServiceInterfaceStrategy must be initialized with a service interface definition that is annotated in accordance with JAX-WS 2.2 and meets the requirements of the Document Bare style. The target method must meet the following criteria, as per the JAX-WS specification: 1) it must have at most one `in` or `in/out` non-header parameter, 2) if it has a return type other than `void` it must have no `in/out` or `out` non-header parameters, 3) if it it has a return type of `void` it must have at most one `in/out` or `out` non-header parameter.

The ServiceInterfaceStrategy should be initialized with a boolean parameter that indicates whether the mapping strategy applies to the request parameters or response parameters.

#### Multi-part Request

The payload parameters for a multi-part request are initiazlied using a `BeanInvocation` object that reflects the signature of the target operation. The camel-soap DataFormat maps the content in the `BeanInvocation` to fields in the SOAP header and body in accordance with the JAX-WS mapping when the `marshal()` processor is invoked.

#### Multi-part Response

A multi-part soap response may include an element in the soap body and will have one or more elements in the soap header. The camel-soap DataFormat will unmarshall the element in the soap body (if it exists) and place it onto the body of the out message in the exchange. Header elements will not be marshaled into their JAXB mapped object types. Instead, these elements are placed into the camel out message header `org.apache.camel.dataformat.soap.UNMARSHALLED_HEADER_LIST`. The elements will appear either as element instance values, or as JAXBElement values, depending upon the setting for the `ignoreJAXBElement` property. This property is inherited from camel-jaxb.

You can also have the camel-soap DataFormate ignore header content all-together by setting the `ignoreUnmarshalledHeaders` value to `true`.

#### Holder Object mapping

JAX-WS specifies the use of a type-parameterized `javax.xml.ws.Holder` object for `In/Out` and `Out` parameters. A `Holder` object may be used when building the `BeanInvocation`, or you may use an instance of the parameterized-type directly. The camel-soap DataFormat marshals Holder values in accordance with the JAXB mapping for the class of the `Holder`'s value. No mapping is provided for `Holder` objects in an unmarshalled response.

### Examples

#### Webservice client

The following route supports marshalling the request and unmarshalling a response or fault.

The below snippet creates a proxy for the service interface and makes a SOAP call to the above route.

#### Webservice Server

Using the following route sets up a webservice server that listens on jms queue customerServiceQueue and processes requests using the class CustomerServiceImpl. The customerServiceImpl of course should implement the interface CustomerService. Instead of directly instantiating the server class it could be defined in a spring context as a regular bean.

### Dependencies

To use the SOAP dataformat in your camel routes you need to add the following dependency to your pom.

## Crypto

Available as of Camel 2.3
PGP Available as of Camel 2.9

The Crypto Data Format integrates the Java Cryptographic Extension into Camel, allowing simple and flexible encryption and decryption of messages using Camel's familiar marshall and unmarshal formatting mechanism. It assumes marshalling to mean encryption to cyphertext and unmarshalling to mean decryption back to the original plaintext. This data format implements only symmetric (shared-key) encryption and decyption.

### Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`algorithm` | `String` | `DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding` | The JCE algorithm name indicating the cryptographic algorithm that will be used.
`algorithmParameterSpec` | `java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec` | `null` | A JCE AlgorithmParameterSpec used to initialize the Cipher.
`bufferSize` | `Integer` | `4096` | the size of the buffer used in the signature process.
`cryptoProvider` | `String` | `null` | The name of the JCE Security Provider that should be used.
`initializationVector` | `byte[]` | `null` | A byte array containing the Initialization Vector that will be used to initialize the Cipher.
`inline` | `boolean` | `false` | Flag indicating that the configured IV should be inlined into the encrypted data stream.
`macAlgorithm` | `String` | `null` | The JCE algorithm name indicating the Message Authentication algorithm.
`shouldAppendHMAC` | `boolean` | `null` | Flag indicating that a Message Authentication Code should be calculated and appended to the encrypted data.

### Basic Usage

At its most basic all that is required to encrypt/decrypt an exchange is a shared secret key. If one or more instances of the Crypto data format are configured with this key the format can be used to encrypt the payload in one route (or part of one) and decrypted in another. For example, using the Java DSL as follows:

In Spring the dataformat is configured first and then used in routes

### Specifying the Encryption Algorithm

Changing the algorithm is a matter of supplying the JCE algorithm name. If you change the algorithm you will need to use a compatible key.

A list of the available algorithms in Java 7 is available via the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation.

### Specifying an Initialization Vector

Some crypto algorithms, particularly block algorithms, require configuration with an initial block of data known as an Initialization Vector. In the JCE this is passed as an AlgorithmParameterSpec when the Cipher is initialized. To use such a vector with the CryptoDataFormat you can configure it with a byte[] containing the required data e.g.

or with spring, suppling a reference to a byte[]

The same vector is required in both the encryption and decryption phases. As it is not necessary to keep the IV a secret, the DataFormat allows for it to be inlined into the encrypted data and subsequently read out in the decryption phase to initialize the Cipher. To inline the IV set the /oinline flag.

or with spring.

For more information of the use of Initialization Vectors, consult

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector
- http://www.herongyang.com/Cryptography/
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation

### Hashed Message Authentication Codes (HMAC)

To avoid attacks against the encrypted data while it is in transit the CryptoDataFormat can also calculate a Message Authentication Code for the encrypted exchange contents based on a configurable MAC algorithm. The calculated HMAC is appended to the stream after encryption. It is separated from the stream in the decryption phase. The MAC is recalculated and verified against the transmitted version to insure nothing was tampered with in transit.For more information on Message Authentication Codes see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC

or with spring.

By default the HMAC is calculated using the HmacSHA1 mac algorithm though this can be easily changed by supplying a different algorithm name. See here for how to check what algorithms are available through the configured security providers

or with spring.

### Supplying Keys Dynamically

When using a Recipient list or similar EIP the recipient of an exchange can vary dynamically. Using the same key across all recipients may neither be feasible or desirable. It would be useful to be able to specify keys dynamically on a per exchange basis. The exchange could then be dynamically enriched with the key of its target recipient before being processed by the data format. To facilitate this the DataFormat allow for keys to be supplied dynamically via the message headers below

- `CryptoDataFormat.KEY` `"CamelCryptoKey"`

or with spring.

### PGPDataFormat Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`keyUserid` | `String` | `null` | The user ID of the key in the PGP keyring used during encryption. See also option `keyUserids`. Can also be only a part of a user ID. For example, if the user ID is "Test User <test@camel.com>" then you can use the part "Test User" or "<test@camel.com>" to address the user ID.
`keyUserids` | `List<String>` | `null` | Since camel 2.12.2: PGP allows to encrypt the symmetric key by several asymmetric public receiver keys. You can specify here the User IDs or parts of User IDs of several public keys contained in the PGP keyring. If you just have one User ID, then you can also use the option `keyUserid`. The User ID specified in `keyUserid` and the User IDs in `keyUserids` will be merged together and the corresponding public keys will be used for the encryption.
`password` | `String` | `null` | Password used when opening the private key (not used for encryption).
`keyFileName` | `String` | `null` | Filename of the keyring; must be accessible as a classpath resource (but you can specify a location in the file system by using the "file:" prefix).
`encryptionKeyRing` | `byte[]` | `null` | Since camel 2.12.1; encryption keyring; you can not set the keyFileName and encryptionKeyRing at the same time.
`signatureKeyUserid` | `String` | `null` | Since Camel 2.11.0; optional User ID of the key in the PGP keyring used for signing (during encryption) or signature verification (during decryption). During the signature verification process the specified User ID restricts the public keys from the public keyring which can be used for the verification. If no User ID is specified for the signature verficiation then any public key in the public keyring can be used for the verification. Can also be only a part of a user ID. For example, if the user ID is "Test User <test@camel.com>" then you can use the part "Test User" or "<test@camel.com>" to address the User ID.
`signatureKeyUserids` | `List<String>` | `null` | Since Camel 2.12.3; optional list of User IDs of the key in the PGP keyring used for signing (during encryption) or signature verification (during decryption). You can specify here the User IDs or parts of User IDs of several keys contained in the PGP keyring. If you just have one User ID, then you can also use the option `keyUserid`. The User ID specified in `keyUserid` and the User IDs in `keyUserids` will be merged together and the corresponding keys will be used for the signing or signature verification. If the specified User IDs reference several keys then for each key a signature is added to the PGP result during the encryption-signing process. In the decryption-verifying process the list of User IDs restricts the list of public keys which can be used for signature verification. If the list of User IDs is empty then any public key in the public keyring can be used for the signature verification.
`signaturePassword` | `String` | `null` | Since Camel 2.11.0; optional password used when opening the private key used for signing (during encryption).
`signatureKeyFileName` | `String` | `null` | Since Camel 2.11.0; optional filename of the keyring to use for signing (during encryption) or for signature verification (during decryption); must be accessible as a classpath resource (but you can specify a location in the file system by using the "file:" prefix).
`signatureKeyRing` | `byte[]` | `null` | Since camel 2.12.1; signature keyring; you can not set the signatureKeyFileName and signatureKeyRing at the same time.
`algorithm` | `int` | `SymmetricKeyAlgorithmTags.CAST5` | Since camel 2.12.2; symmetric key encryption algorithm; possible values are defined in `org.bouncycastle.bcpg.SymmetricKeyAlgorithmTags`; for example 2 (= TRIPLE DES), 3 (= CAST5), 4 (= BLOWFISH), 6 (= DES), 7 (= AES_128). Only relevant for encrypting.
`compressionAlgorithm` | `int` | `CompressionAlgorithmTags.ZIP` | Since camel 2.12.2; compression algorithm; possible values are defined in `org.bouncycastle.bcpg.CompressionAlgorithmTags`; for example 0 (= UNCOMPRESSED), 1 (= ZIP), 2 (= ZLIB), 3 (= BZIP2). Only relevant for encrypting.
`hashAlgorithm` | `int` | `HashAlgorithmTags.SHA1` | Since camel 2.12.2: signature hash algorithm; possible values are defined in `org.bouncycastle.bcpg.HashAlgorithmTags`; for example 2 (= SHA1), 8 (= SHA256), 9 (= SHA384), 10 (= SHA512), 11 (=SHA224). Only relevant for signing.
`armored` | `boolean` | `false` | This option will cause PGP to base64 encode the encrypted text, making it available for copy/paste, etc.
`integrity` | `boolean` | `true` | Adds an integrity check/sign into the encryption file.
`passphraseAccessor` | `PGPPassphraseAccessor` | `null` | Since Camel 2.12.2; provides passphrases corresponding to user Ids. If no passpharase can be found from the option `password` or `signaturePassword` and from the headers `CamelPGPDataFormatKeyPassword` or `CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureKeyPassword` then the passphrase is fetched from the passphrase accessor. You provide a bean which implements the interface PGPPassphraseAccessor. A default implementation is given by DefaultPGPPassphraseAccessor. The passphrase accessor is especially useful in the decrypt case; see chapter 'PGP Decrypting/Verifying of Messages Encrypted/Signed by Different Private/Public Keys' below.
`signatureVerificationOption` | `String` | `"optional"` | Since camel 2.13.0: controls the behavior for verifying the signature during unmarshaling. There are three values possible: `"optional"`: The PGP message may or may not contain signatures; if it does contain signatures, then a signature verification is executed. Use the constant PGPKeyAccessDataFormat.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_OPTION_OPTIONAL. `"required"`: The PGP message must contain at least one signature; if this is not the case an exception (PGPException) is thrown. A signature verification is executed. Use the constant PGPKeyAccessDataFormat.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_OPTION_REQUIRED. `"ignore"`: Contained signatures in the PGP message are ignored; no signature verification is executed. Use the constant PGPKeyAccessDataFormat.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_OPTION_IGNORE. `"no_signature_allowed"`: The PGP message must not contain a signature; otherwise an exception (PGPException) is thrown. Use the constant PGPKeyAccessDataFormat.SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_OPTION_NO_SIGNATURE_ALLOWED.
`FileName` | `String` | `"_CONSOLE"` | Since camel 2.15.0: Sets the file name for the literal data packet. Can be overwritten by the header {@link Exchange#FILE_NAME}. "`_CONSOLE`" indicates that the message is considered to be "for your eyes only". This advises that the message data is unusually sensitive, and the receiving program should process it more carefully, perhaps avoiding storing the received data to disk, for example.Only used for marshaling.

### PGPDataFormat Message Headers

You can override the PGPDataFormat options by applying below headers into message dynamically.

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelPGPDataFormatKeyFileName` | `String` | Since Camel 2.11.0; filename of the keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatEncryptionKeyRing` | `byte[]` | Since Camel 2.12.1; the encryption keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatKeyUserid` | `String` | Since Camel 2.11.0; the User ID of the key in the PGP keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatKeyUserids` | `List<String>` | Since camel 2.12.2: the User IDs of the key in the PGP keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatKeyPassword` | `String` | Since Camel 2.11.0; password used when opening the private key; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureKeyFileName` | `String` | Since Camel 2.11.0; filename of the signature keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureKeyRing` | `byte[]` | Since Camel 2.12.1; the signature keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureKeyUserid` | `String` | Since Camel 2.11.0; the User ID of the signature key in the PGP keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureKeyUserids` | `List<String>` | Since Camel 2.12.3; the User IDs of the signature keys in the PGP keyring; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureKeyPassword` | `String` | Since Camel 2.11.0; password used when opening the signature private key; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatEncryptionAlgorithm` | `int` | Since Camel 2.12.2; symmetric key encryption algorithm; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatSignatureHashAlgorithm` | `int` | Since Camel 2.12.2; signature hash algorithm; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatCompressionAlgorithm` | `int` | Since Camel 2.12.2; compression algorithm; will override existing setting directly on the PGPDataFormat.
`CamelPGPDataFormatNumberOfEncryptionKeys` | `Integer` | Since Camel 2.12.3; number of public keys used for encrypting the symmectric key, set by PGPDataFormat during encryptiion process
`CamelPGPDataFormatNumberOfSigningKeys` | `Integer` | Since Camel 2.12.3; number of private keys used for creating signatures, set by PGPDataFormat during signing process

### Encrypting with PGPDataFormat

The following sample uses the popular PGP format for encrypting/decrypting files using the Bouncy Castle Java libraries:

The following sample performs signing + encryption, and then signature verification + decryption. It uses the same keyring for both signing and encryption, but you can obviously use different keys:

Or using Spring:

#### To work with the previous example you need the following

- A public keyring file which contains the public keys used to encrypt the data
- A private keyring file which contains the keys used to decrypt the data
- The keyring password

#### Managing your keyring

To manage the keyring, I use the command line tools, I find this to be the simplest approach in managing the keys. There are also Java libraries available from http://www.bouncycastle.org/java.html if you would prefer to do it that way.

1. Install the command line utilities on linux

2. Create your keyring, entering a secure password

3. If you need to import someone elses public key so that you can encrypt a file for them.

4. The following files should now exist and can be used to run the example

### PGP Decrypting/Verifying of Messages Encrypted/Signed by Different Private/Public Keys

Since Camel 2.12.2.

A PGP Data Formater can decrypt/verify messages which have been encrypted by different public keys or signed by different private keys. Just, provide the corresponding private keys in the secret keyring, the corresponding public keys in the public keyring, and the passphrases in the passphrase accessor.

- The functionality is especially useful to support the key exchange. If you want to exchange the private key for decrypting you can accept for a period of time messages which are either encrypted with the old or new corresponding public key. Or if the sender wants to exchange his signer private key, you can accept for a period of time, the old or new signer key.
- Technical background: The PGP encrypted data contains a Key ID of the public key which was used to encrypt the data. This Key ID can be used to locate the private key in the secret keyring to decrypt the data. The same mechanism is also used to locate the public key for verifying a signature. Therefore you no longer must specify User IDs for the unmarshaling.

### Restricting the Signer Identities during PGP Signature Verification

Since Camel 2.12.3.

If you verify a signature you not only want to verify the correctness of the signature but you also want check that the signature comes from a certain identity or a specific set of identities. Therefore it is possible to restrict the number of public keys from the public keyring which can be used for the verification of a signature.

Signature User IDs

- If the PGP content has several signatures the verification is successful as soon as one signature can be verified.
- If you do not want to restrict the signer identities for verification then do not specify the signature key User IDs. In this case all public keys in the public keyring are taken into account.

### Several Signatures in One PGP Data Format

Since Camel 2.12.3.

The PGP specification allows that one PGP data format can contain several signatures from different keys. Since Camel 2.13.3 it is possible to create such kind of PGP content via specifying signature User IDs which relate to several private keys in the secret keyring.

Several Signatures

### Support of Sub-Keys and Key Flags in PGP Data Format Marshaler

Since Camel 2.12.3.
An OpenPGP V4 key can have a primary key and sub-keys. The usage of the keys is indicated by the so called Key Flags. For example, you can have a primary key with two sub-keys; the primary key shall only be used for certifying other keys (Key Flag 0x01), the first sub-key shall only be used for signing (Key Flag 0x02), and the second sub-key shall only be used for encryption (Key Flag 0x04 or 0x08). The PGP Data Format marshaler takes into account these Key Flags of the primary key and sub-keys in order to determine the right key for signing and encryption. This is necessary because the primary key and its sub-keys have the same User IDs.

### Support of Custom Key Accessors

Since Camel 2.13.0.
You can implement custom key accessors for encryption/signing. The above PGPDataFormat class selects in a certain predefined way the keys which should be used for signing/encryption or verifying/decryption. If you have special requirements how your keys should be selected you should use the PGPKeyAccessDataFormat class instead and implement the interfaces PGPPublicKeyAccessor and PGPSecretKeyAccessor as beans. There are default implementations DefaultPGPPublicKeyAccessor and DefaultPGPSecretKeyAccessor which cache the keys, so that not every time the keyring is parsed when the processor is called.

PGPKeyAccessDataFormat has the same options as PGPDataFormat except password, keyFileName, encryptionKeyRing, signaturePassword, signatureKeyFileName, and signatureKeyRing.

### Dependencies

To use the Crypto dataformat in your camel routes you need to add the following dependency to your pom.

### See Also

- Data Format
- Crypto (Digital Signatures)
- http://www.bouncycastle.org/java.html

## Syslog DataFormat

Available as of Camel 2.6

The syslog dataformat is used for working with RFC3164 and RFC5424 messages.

This component supports the following:

- UDP consumption of syslog messages
- Agnostic data format using either plain String objects or SyslogMessage model objects.
- Type Converter from/to SyslogMessage and String
- Integration with the camel-mina component.
- Integration with the camel-netty component.
- Camel 2.14: Encoder and decoder for the camel-netty component.
- Camel 2.14: Support for RFC5424 also.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### RFC3164 Syslog protocol

Syslog uses the user datagram protocol (UDP) 1 as its underlying transport layer mechanism.
The UDP port that has been assigned to syslog is 514.

To expose a Syslog listener service we reuse the existing camel-mina component or camel-netty where we just use the `Rfc3164SyslogDataFormat` to marshal and unmarshal messages. Notice that from Camel 2.14 onwards the syslog dataformat is renamed to `SyslogDataFormat`.

### RFC5424 Syslog protocol

Available as of Camel 2.14

To expose a Syslog listener service we reuse the existing camel-mina component or camel-netty where we just use the `SyslogDataFormat` to marshal and unmarshal messages

#### Exposing a Syslog listener

In our Spring XML file, we configure an endpoint to listen for udp messages on port 10514, note that in netty we disable the defaultCodec, this
will allow a fallback to a NettyTypeConverter and delivers the message as an InputStream:

The same route using camel-mina

#### Sending syslog messages to a remote destination

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

# Pattern Appendix

There now follows a breakdown of the various Enterprise Integration Patterns that Camel supports

## Messaging Systems

### Message Channel

Camel supports the Message Channel from the EIP patterns. The Message Channel is an internal implementation detail of the Endpoint interface and all interactions with the Message Channel are via the Endpoint interfaces.

Example

In JMS, Message Channels are represented by topics and queues such as the following

This message channel can be then used within the JMS component

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

For more details see

- Message
- Message Endpoint

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message

Camel supports the Message from the EIP patterns using the Message interface.

To support various message exchange patterns like one way Event Message and Request Reply messages Camel uses an Exchange interface which has a pattern property which can be set to InOnly for an Event Message which has a single inbound Message, or InOut for a Request Reply where there is an inbound and outbound message.

Here is a basic example of sending a Message to a route in InOnly and InOut modes

Requestor Code

Route Using the Fluent Builders

Route Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Pipes and Filters

Camel supports the Pipes and Filters from the EIP patterns in various ways.

With Camel you can split your processing across multiple independent Endpoint instances which can then be chained together.

#### Using Routing Logic

You can create pipelines of logic using multiple Endpoint or Message Translator instances as follows

Though pipeline is the default mode of operation when you specify multiple outputs in Camel. The opposite to pipeline is multicast; which fires the same message into each of its outputs. (See the example below).

In Spring XML you can use the <pipeline/> element

In the above the pipeline element is actually unnecessary, you could use this...

Its just a bit more explicit. However if you wish to use <multicast/> to avoid a pipeline - to send the same message into multiple pipelines - then the <pipeline/> element comes into its own.

In the above example we are routing from a single Endpoint to a list of different endpoints specified using URIs. If you find the above a bit confusing, try reading about the Architecture or try the Examples

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message Router

The Message Router from the EIP patterns allows you to consume from an input destination, evaluate some predicate then choose the right output destination.

The following example shows how to route a request from an input queue:a endpoint to either queue:b, queue:c or queue:d depending on the evaluation of various Predicate expressions

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Choice without otherwise

If you use a `choice` without adding an `otherwise`, any unmatched exchanges will be dropped by default.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message Translator

Camel supports the Message Translator from the EIP patterns by using an arbitrary Processor in the routing logic, by using a bean to perform the transformation, or by using transform() in the DSL. You can also use a Data Format to marshal and unmarshal messages in different encodings.

Using the Fluent Builders

You can transform a message using Camel's Bean Integration to call any method on a bean in your Registry such as your Spring XML configuration file as follows

Where the "myTransformerBean" would be defined in a Spring XML file or defined in JNDI etc. You can omit the method name parameter from beanRef() and the Bean Integration will try to deduce the method to invoke from the message exchange.

or you can add your own explicit Processor to do the transformation

or you can use the DSL to explicitly configure the transformation

Use Spring XML

You can also use Spring XML Extensions to do a transformation. Basically any Expression language can be substituted inside the transform element as shown below

Or you can use the Bean Integration to invoke a bean

You can also use Templating to consume a message from one destination, transform it with something like Velocity or XQuery and then send it on to another destination. For example using InOnly (one way messaging)

If you want to use InOut (request-reply) semantics to process requests on the My.Queue queue on ActiveMQ with a template generated response, then sending responses back to the JMSReplyTo Destination you could use this.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

- Content Enricher
- Using getIn or getOut methods on Exchange

### Message Endpoint

Camel supports the Message Endpoint from the EIP patterns using the Endpoint interface.

When using the DSL to create Routes you typically refer to Message Endpoints by their URIs rather than directly using the Endpoint interface. Its then a responsibility of the CamelContext to create and activate the necessary Endpoint instances using the available Component implementations.

#### Example

The following example route demonstrates the use of a File Consumer Endpoint and JMS Producer Endpoint

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

### Dynamic To

Available as of Camel 2.16

There is a new <toD> that allows to send a message to a dynamic computed Endpoint using one or more Expression that are concat together. By default the Simple language is used to compute the endpoint. For example to send a message to a endpoint defined by a header you can do

And in Java DSL

You can also prefix the uri with a value because by default the uri is evaluated using the Simple language

And in Java DSL

In the example above we compute an endpoint that has prefix "mock:" and then the header foo is appended. So for example if the header foo has value order, then the endpoint is computed as "mock:order".

You can also use other languages that Simple such as XPath

This is done by specifying the name of the language followed by a colon.

You can also concat multiple Language(s) together using the plus sign `+` such as shown below:

In the example above the uri is a combination of Simple language and XPath where the first part is simple (simple is default language). And then the plus sign separate to another language, where we specify the language name followed by a colon

You can concat as many languages as you want, just separate them with the plus sign

The Dynamic To has a few options you can configure

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
uri |  | Mandatory: The uri to use. See above
pattern |  | To set a specific Exchange Pattern to use when sending to the endpoint. The original MEP is restored afterwards.
cacheSize |  | Allows to configure the cache size for the `ProducerCache` which caches producers for reuse. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.
ignoreInvalidEndpoint | `false` | Whether to ignore an endpoint URI that could not be resolved. If disabled, Camel will throw an exception identifying the invalid endpoint URI.

For more details see

- Recipient List
- Message
- Wire Tap

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Messaging Channels

### Point to Point Channel

Camel supports the Point to Point Channel from the EIP patterns using the following components

- SEDA for in-VM seda based messaging
- JMS for working with JMS Queues for high performance, clustering and load balancing
- JPA for using a database as a simple message queue
- XMPP for point-to-point communication over XMPP (Jabber)
- and others

The following example demonstrates point to point messaging using the JMS component

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Publish Subscribe Channel

Camel supports the Publish Subscribe Channel from the EIP patterns using for example the following components:

- JMS for working with JMS Topics for high performance, clustering and load balancing
- XMPP when using rooms for group communication
- SEDA for working with SEDA in the same CamelContext which can work in pub-sub, but allowing multiple consumers.
- VM as SEDA but for intra-JVM.

#### Using Routing Logic

Another option is to explicitly list the publish-subscribe relationship in your routing logic; this keeps the producer and consumer decoupled but lets you control the fine grained routing configuration using the DSL or Xml Configuration.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Dead Letter Channel

Camel supports the Dead Letter Channel from the EIP patterns using the DeadLetterChannel processor which is an Error Handler.

Difference between Dead Letter Channel and Default Error Handler

The Default Error Handler does very little: it ends the Exchange immediately and propagates the thrown Exception back to the caller.

The Dead Letter Channel lets you control behaviors including redelivery, whether to propagate the thrown Exception to the caller (the handled option), and where the (failed) Exchange should now be routed to.

The Dead Letter Channel is also by default configured to not be verbose in the logs, so when a message is handled and moved to the dead letter endpoint, then there is nothing logged. If you want some level of logging you can use the various options on the redelivery policy / dead letter channel to configure this. For example if you want the message history then set logExhaustedMessageHistory=true (and logHandled=true for Camel 2.15.x or older).

When the DeadLetterChannel moves a message to the dead letter endpoint, any new Exception thrown is by default handled by the dead letter channel as well. This ensures that the DeadLetterChannel will always succeed. From Camel 2.15 onwards this behavior can be changed by setting the option deadLetterHandleNewException=false. Then if a new Exception is thrown, then the dead letter channel will fail and propagate back that new Exception (which is the behavior of the default error handler). When a new Exception occurs then the dead letter channel logs this at WARN level. This can be turned off by setting logNewException=false.

### Redelivery

It is common for a temporary outage or database deadlock to cause a message to fail to process; but the chances are if its tried a few more times with some time delay then it will complete fine. So we typically wish to use some kind of redelivery policy to decide how many times to try redeliver a message and how long to wait before redelivery attempts.

The RedeliveryPolicy defines how the message is to be redelivered. You can customize things like

- how many times a message is attempted to be redelivered before it is considered a failure and sent to the dead letter channel
- the initial redelivery timeout
- whether or not exponential backoff is used (i.e. the time between retries increases using a backoff multiplier)
- whether to use collision avoidance to add some randomness to the timings
- delay pattern (see below for details)
- Camel 2.11: whether to allow redelivery during stopping/shutdown

Once all attempts at redelivering the message fails then the message is forwarded to the dead letter queue.

### About moving Exchange to dead letter queue and using handled

Handled on Dead Letter Channel

When all attempts of redelivery have failed the Exchange is moved to the dead letter queue (the dead letter endpoint). The exchange is then complete and from the client point of view it was processed. As such the Dead Letter Channel have handled the Exchange.

For instance configuring the dead letter channel as:

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

The Dead Letter Channel above will clear the caused exception (`setException(null)`), by moving the caused exception to a property on the Exchange, with the key `Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT`. Then the Exchange is moved to the `"jms:queue:dead"` destination and the client will not notice the failure.

### About moving Exchange to dead letter queue and using the original message

The option useOriginalMessage is used for routing the original input message instead of the current message that potentially is modified during routing.

For instance if you have this route:

The route listen for JMS messages and validates, transforms and handle it. During this the Exchange payload is transformed/modified. So in case something goes wrong and we want to move the message to another JMS destination, then we can configure our Dead Letter Channel with the useOriginalMessage option. But when we move the Exchange to this destination we do not know in which state the message is in. Did the error happen in before the transformOrder or after? So to be sure we want to move the original input message we received from `jms:queue:order:input`. So we can do this by enabling the useOriginalMessage option as shown below:

Then the messages routed to the `jms:queue:dead` is the original input. If we want to manually retry we can move the JMS message from the failed to the input queue, with no problem as the message is the same as the original we received.

### OnRedelivery

When Dead Letter Channel is doing redeliver its possible to configure a Processor that is executed just before every redelivery attempt. This can be used for the situations where you need to alter the message before its redelivered. See below for sample.

onException and onRedeliver

We also support for per onException to set a onRedeliver. That means you can do special on redelivery for different exceptions, as opposed to onRedelivery set on Dead Letter Channel can be viewed as a global scope.

### Redelivery default values

Redelivery is disabled by default.

The default redeliver policy will use the following values:

- maximumRedeliveries=0
- redeliverDelay=1000L (1 second)
- maximumRedeliveryDelay = 60 * 1000L (60 seconds)
- And the exponential backoff and collision avoidance is turned off.
- The retriesExhaustedLogLevel are set to LoggingLevel.ERROR
- The retryAttemptedLogLevel are set to LoggingLevel.DEBUG
- Stack traces is logged for exhausted messages from Camel 2.2 onwards.
- Handled exceptions is not logged from Camel 2.3 onwards
- logExhaustedMessageHistory is true for default error handler, and false for dead letter channel.

The maximum redeliver delay ensures that a delay is never longer than the value, default 1 minute. This can happen if you turn on the exponential backoff.

The maximum redeliveries is the number of re delivery attempts. By default Camel will try to process the exchange 1 + 5 times. 1 time for the normal attempt and then 5 attempts as redeliveries.
Setting the maximumRedeliveries to a negative value such as -1 will then always redelivery (unlimited).
Setting the maximumRedeliveries to 0 will disable any re delivery attempt.

Camel will log delivery failures at the DEBUG logging level by default. You can change this by specifying retriesExhaustedLogLevel and/or retryAttemptedLogLevel. See ExceptionBuilderWithRetryLoggingLevelSetTest for an example.

You can turn logging of stack traces on/off. If turned off Camel will still log the redelivery attempt. Its just much less verbose.

#### Redeliver Delay Pattern

Delay pattern is used as a single option to set a range pattern for delays. If used then the following options does not apply: (delay, backOffMultiplier, useExponentialBackOff, useCollisionAvoidance, maximumRedeliveryDelay).

The idea is to set groups of ranges using the following syntax: `limit:delay;limit 2:delay 2;limit 3:delay 3;...;limit N:delay N`

Each group has two values separated with colon

- limit = upper limit
- delay = delay in millis
  And the groups is again separated with semi colon.
  The rule of thumb is that the next groups should have a higher limit than the previous group.

Lets clarify this with an example:
`delayPattern=5:1000;10:5000;20:20000`

That gives us 3 groups:

- 5:1000
- 10:5000
- 20:20000

Resulting in these delays for redelivery attempt:

- Redelivery attempt number 1..4 = 0 millis (as the first group start with 5)
- Redelivery attempt number 5..9 = 1000 millis (the first group)
- Redelivery attempt number 10..19 = 5000 millis (the second group)
- Redelivery attempt number 20.. = 20000 millis (the last group)

Note: The first redelivery attempt is 1, so the first group should start with 1 or higher.

You can start a group with limit 1 to eg have a starting delay: `delayPattern=1:1000;5:5000`

- Redelivery attempt number 1..4 = 1000 millis (the first group)
- Redelivery attempt number 5.. = 5000 millis (the last group)

There is no requirement that the next delay should be higher than the previous. You can use any delay value you like. For example with `delayPattern=1:5000;3:1000` we start with 5 sec delay and then later reduce that to 1 second.

### Redelivery header

When a message is redelivered the DeadLetterChannel will append a customizable header to the message to indicate how many times its been redelivered.
Before Camel 2.6: The header is CamelRedeliveryCounter, which is also defined on the `Exchange.REDELIVERY_COUNTER`.
Starting with 2.6: The header CamelRedeliveryMaxCounter, which is also defined on the `Exchange.REDELIVERY_MAX_COUNTER`, contains the maximum redelivery setting. This header is absent if you use `retryWhile` or have unlimited maximum redelivery configured.

And a boolean flag whether it is being redelivered or not (first attempt)
The header CamelRedelivered contains a boolean if the message is redelivered or not, which is also defined on the `Exchange.REDELIVERED`.

Dynamically calculated delay from the exchange
In Camel 2.9 and 2.8.2: The header is CamelRedeliveryDelay, which is also defined on the `Exchange.REDELIVERY_DELAY`.
Is this header is absent, normal redelivery rules apply.

#### Which endpoint failed

Available as of Camel 2.1

When Camel routes messages it will decorate the Exchange with a property that contains the last endpoint Camel send the Exchange to:

The `Exchange.TO_ENDPOINT` have the constant value `CamelToEndpoint`.

This information is updated when Camel sends a message to any endpoint. So if it exists its the last endpoint which Camel send the Exchange to.

When for example processing the Exchange at a given Endpoint and the message is to be moved into the dead letter queue, then Camel also decorates the Exchange with another property that contains that last endpoint:

The `Exchange.FAILURE_ENDPOINT` have the constant value `CamelFailureEndpoint`.

This allows for example you to fetch this information in your dead letter queue and use that for error reporting.
This is useable if the Camel route is a bit dynamic such as the dynamic Recipient List so you know which endpoints failed.

Notice: These information is kept on the Exchange even if the message was successfully processed by a given endpoint, and then later fails for example in a local Bean processing instead. So beware that this is a hint that helps pinpoint errors.

Now suppose the route above and a failure happens in the `foo` bean. Then the `Exchange.TO_ENDPOINT` and `Exchange.FAILURE_ENDPOINT` will still contain the value of `http://someserver/somepath`.

### OnPrepareFailure

Available as of Camel 2.16

Before the exchange is sent to the dead letter queue, you can use onPrepare to allow a custom `Processor` to prepare the exchange, such as adding information why the Exchange failed. For example the following processor adds a header with the exception message

Then configure the error handler to use the processor as follows:

Configuring this from XML DSL is as shown:

The onPrepare is also available using the default error handler.

### Which route failed

Available as of Camel 2.10.4/2.11

When Camel error handler handles an error such as Dead Letter Channel or using Exception Clause with handled=true, then Camel will decorate
the Exchange with the route id where the error occurred.

The `Exchange.FAILURE_ROUTE_ID` have the constant value `CamelFailureRouteId`.

This allows for example you to fetch this information in your dead letter queue and use that for error reporting.

### Control if redelivery is allowed during stopping/shutdown

Available as of Camel 2.11

Prior to Camel 2.10, Camel will perform redelivery while stopping a route, or shutting down Camel. This has improved a bit in Camel 2.10 onwards, as Camel will not perform redelivery attempts when shutting down aggressively (eg during Graceful Shutdown and timeout hit). From Camel 2.11 onwards there is a new option `allowRedeliveryWhileStopping` which you can use to control if redelivery is allowed or not; notice that any in progress redelivery will still be executed. This option can only disallow any redelivery to be executed after the stopping of a route/shutdown of Camel has been triggered. If a redelivery is dissallowed then a `RejectedExcutionException` is set on the Exchange and the processing of the Exchange stops. This means any consumer will see the Exchange as failed due the `RejectedExecutionException`.

The default value is `true` to be backwards compatible as before. For example the following sample shows how to do this with Java DSL and XML DSL

And the sample sample with XML DSL

### Samples

The following example shows how to configure the Dead Letter Channel configuration using the DSL

You can also configure the RedeliveryPolicy as this example shows

### How can I modify the Exchange before redelivery?

We support directly in Dead Letter Channel to set a Processor that is executed before each redelivery attempt.

When Dead Letter Channel is doing redeliver its possible to configure a Processor that is executed just before every redelivery attempt. This can be used for the situations where you need to alter the message before its redelivered.

Here we configure the Dead Letter Channel to use our processor `MyRedeliveryProcessor` to be executed before each redelivery.

And this is the processor `MyRedeliveryProcessor` where we alter the message.

### How can I log what caused the Dead Letter Channel to be invoked?

You often need to know what went wrong that caused the Dead Letter Channel to be used and it does not offer logging for this purpose. So the Dead Letter Channel's endpoint can be set to a endpoint of our own (such as `direct:deadLetterChannel`). We write a route to accept this Exchange and log the Exception, then forward on to where we want the failed Exchange moved to (which might be a DLQ queue for instance). See also http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13711462/logging-camel-exceptions-and-sending-to-the-dead-letter-channel

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

- Error Handler
- Exception Clause

### Guaranteed Delivery

Camel supports the Guaranteed Delivery from the EIP patterns using among others the following components:

- File for using file systems as a persistent store of messages
- JMS when using persistent delivery (the default) for working with JMS Queues and Topics for high performance, clustering and load balancing
- JPA for using a database as a persistence layer, or use any of the many other database component such as SQL, JDBC, iBATIS/MyBatis, Hibernate
- HawtDB for a lightweight key-value persistent store

#### Example

The following example demonstrates illustrates the use of Guaranteed Delivery within the JMS component. By default, a message is not considered successfully delivered until the recipient has persisted the message locally guaranteeing its receipt in the event the destination becomes unavailable.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message Bus

Camel supports the Message Bus from the EIP patterns. You could view Camel as a Message Bus itself as it allows producers and consumers to be decoupled.

Folks often assume that a Message Bus is a JMS though so you may wish to refer to the JMS component for traditional MOM support.
Also worthy of note is the XMPP component for supporting messaging over XMPP (Jabber)

Of course there are also ESB products such as Apache ServiceMix which serve as full fledged message busses.
You can interact with Apache ServiceMix from Camel in many ways, but in particular you can use the NMR or JBI component to access the ServiceMix message bus directly.

#### Example

The following demonstrates how the Camel message bus can be used to communicate with consumers and producers

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message Construction

## Event Message

Camel supports the Event Message from the EIP patterns by supporting the Exchange Pattern on a Message which can be set to InOnly to indicate a oneway event message. Camel Components then implement this pattern using the underlying transport or protocols.

The default behaviour of many Components is InOnly such as for JMS, File or SEDA

Related

See the related Request Reply message.

### Explicitly specifying InOnly

If you are using a component which defaults to InOut you can override the Exchange Pattern for an endpoint using the pattern property.

From 2.0 onwards on Camel you can specify the Exchange Pattern using the DSL.

Using the Fluent Builders

or you can invoke an endpoint with an explicit pattern

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Request Reply

Camel supports the Request Reply from the EIP patterns by supporting the Exchange Pattern on a Message which can be set to InOut to indicate a request/reply. Camel Components then implement this pattern using the underlying transport or protocols.

For example when using JMS with InOut the component will by default perform these actions

- create by default a temporary inbound queue
- set the JMSReplyTo destination on the request message
- set the JMSCorrelationID on the request message
- send the request message
- consume the response and associate the inbound message to the request using the JMSCorrelationID (as you may be performing many concurrent request/responses).

Related

See the related Event Message message

### Explicitly specifying InOut

When consuming messages from JMS a Request-Reply is indicated by the presence of the JMSReplyTo header.

You can explicitly force an endpoint to be in Request Reply mode by setting the exchange pattern on the URI. e.g.

You can specify the exchange pattern in DSL rule or Spring configuration.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Correlation Identifier

Camel supports the Correlation Identifier from the EIP patterns by getting or setting a header on a Message.

When working with the ActiveMQ or JMS components the correlation identifier header is called JMSCorrelationID. You can add your own correlation identifier to any message exchange to help correlate messages together to a single conversation (or business process).

The use of a Correlation Identifier is key to working with the Camel Business Activity Monitoring Framework and can also be highly useful when testing with simulation or canned data such as with the Mock testing framework

Some EIP patterns will spin off a sub message, and in those cases, Camel will add a correlation id on the Exchange as a property with they key `Exchange.CORRELATION_ID`, which links back to the source Exchange. For example the Splitter, Multicast, Recipient List, and Wire Tap EIP does this.

The following example demonstrates using the Camel JMSMessageID as the Correlation Identifier within a request/reply pattern in the JMS component

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### See Also

- BAM

## Return Address

Camel supports the Return Address from the EIP patterns by using the `JMSReplyTo` header.

For example when using JMS with InOut the component will by default return to the address given in `JMSReplyTo`.

Requestor Code

Route Using the Fluent Builders

Route Using the Spring XML Extensions

For a complete example of this pattern, see this junit test case

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Message Routing

### Content Based Router

The Content Based Router from the EIP patterns allows you to route messages to the correct destination based on the contents of the message exchanges.

The following example shows how to route a request from an input seda:a endpoint to either seda:b, seda:c or seda:d depending on the evaluation of various Predicate expressions

Using the Fluent Builders

See Why can I not use when or otherwise in a Java Camel route if you have problems with the Java DSL, accepting using `when` or `otherwise`.

Using the Spring XML Extensions

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the junit test case

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message Filter

The Message Filter from the EIP patterns allows you to filter messages

The following example shows how to create a Message Filter route consuming messages from an endpoint called queue:a, which if the Predicate is true will be dispatched to queue:b

Using the Fluent Builders

You can, of course, use many different Predicate languages such as XPath, XQuery, SQL or various Scripting Languages. Here is an XPath example

Here is another example of using a bean to define the filter behavior

Using the Spring XML Extensions

You can also use a method call expression (to call a method on a bean) in the Message Filter, as shown below:

<bean id="myBean" class="com.foo.MyBean"/> `<``camelContext` `xmlns="http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring">` `` `<``route``>` `` `<``from` `uri="direct:a"/>` `` `<``filter``>` `` `<``method ref="myBean" method="isGoldCustomer"/``>` `` `<``to` `uri="direct:b"/>` `` `</``filter``>` `` `</``route``>` `</``camelContext``>` ``

filtered endpoint required inside </filter> tag

make sure you put the endpoint you want to filter (<to uri="seda:b"/>, etc.) before the closing </filter> tag or the filter will not be applied (in 2.8+, omitting this will result in an error)

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the junit test case

#### Using stop

Stop is a bit different than a message filter as it will filter out all messages and end the route entirely (filter only applies to its child processor). Stop is convenient to use in a Content Based Router when you for example need to stop further processing in one of the predicates.

In the example below we do not want to route messages any further that has the word `Bye` in the message body. Notice how we prevent this in the when predicate by using the `.stop()`.

#### Knowing if Exchange was filtered or not

Available as of Camel 2.5

The Message Filter EIP will add a property on the Exchange that states if it was filtered or not.

The property has the key `Exchange.FILTER_MATCHED`, which has the String value of `CamelFilterMatched`. Its value is a boolean indicating `true` or `false`. If the value is `true` then the Exchange was routed in the filter block. This property will be visible within the Message Filter block who's Predicate matches (value set to `true`), and to the steps immediately following the Message Filter with the value set based on the results of the last Message Filter Predicate evaluated.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Dynamic Router

The Dynamic Router from the EIP patterns allows you to route messages while avoiding the dependency of the router on all possible destinations while maintaining its efficiency.

In Camel 2.5 we introduced a `dynamicRouter` in the DSL which is like a dynamic Routing Slip which evaluates the slip on-the-fly.

Beware

You must ensure the expression used for the `dynamicRouter` such as a bean, will return `null` to indicate the end. Otherwise the `dynamicRouter` will keep repeating endlessly.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`uriDelimiter` | `,` | Delimiter used if the Expression returned multiple endpoints.
`ignoreInvalidEndpoints` | `false` | If an endpoint uri could not be resolved, should it be ignored. Otherwise Camel will thrown an exception stating the endpoint uri is not valid.
`cacheSize` | `1000` | Camel 2.13.1/2.12.4: Allows to configure the cache size for the `ProducerCache` which caches producers for reuse in the routing slip. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.

### Dynamic Router in Camel 2.5 onwards

From Camel 2.5 the Dynamic Router will set a property (Exchange.SLIP_ENDPOINT) on the Exchange which contains the current endpoint as it advanced though the slip. This allows you to know how far we have processed in the slip. (It's a slip because the Dynamic Router implementation is based on top of Routing Slip).

#### Java DSL

In Java DSL you can use the `dynamicRouter` as shown below:

Which will leverage a Bean to compute the slip on-the-fly, which could be implemented as follows:

Mind that this example is only for show and tell. The current implementation is not thread safe. You would have to store the state on the Exchange, to ensure thread safety, as shown below:

You could also store state as message headers, but they are not guaranteed to be preserved during routing, where as properties on the Exchange are. Although there was a bug in the method call expression, see the warning below.

Using beans to store state

Mind that in Camel 2.9.2 or older, when using a Bean the state is not propagated, so you will have to use a Processor instead. This is fixed in Camel 2.9.3 onwards.

#### Spring XML

The same example in Spring XML would be:

#### @DynamicRouter annotation

You can also use the `@DynamicRouter` annotation, for example the Camel 2.4 example below could be written as follows. The `route` method would then be invoked repeatedly as the message is processed dynamically. The idea is to return the next endpoint uri where to go. Return `null` to indicate the end. You can return multiple endpoints if you like, just as the Routing Slip, where each endpoint is separated by a delimiter.

### Dynamic Router in Camel 2.4 or older

The simplest way to implement this is to use the RecipientList Annotation on a Bean method to determine where to route the message.

In the above we can use the Parameter Binding Annotations to bind different parts of the Message to method parameters or use an Expression such as using XPath or XQuery.

The method can be invoked in a number of ways as described in the Bean Integration such as

- POJO Producing
- Spring Remoting
- Bean component

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Recipient List

The Recipient List from the EIP patterns allows you to route messages to a number of dynamically specified recipients.

The recipients will receive a copy of the same Exchange, and Camel will execute them sequentially.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`delimiter` | `,` | Delimiter used if the Expression returned multiple endpoints. Camel 2.13 can be disabled using "false"
`strategyRef` |  | An AggregationStrategy that will assemble the replies from recipients into a single outgoing message from the Recipient List. By default Camel will use the last reply as the outgoing message. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can also use a POJO as the `AggregationStrategy`, see the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodName` |  | Camel 2.12: This option can be used to explicit declare the method name to use, when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodAllowNull` | `false` | Camel 2.12: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used if there was no data to enrich. If this option is `true` then `null` values is used as the `oldExchange` (when no data to enrich), when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`parallelProcessing` | `false` | Camel 2.2: If enabled, messages are sent to the recipients concurrently. Note that the calling thread will still wait until all messages have been fully processed before it continues; it's the sending and processing of replies from recipients which happens in parallel. |
`parallelAggregate` | `false` | Camel 2.14: If enabled then the `aggregate` method on `AggregationStrategy` can be called concurrently. Notice that this would require the implementation of `AggregationStrategy` to be implemented as thread-safe. By default this is `false` meaning that Camel synchronizes the call to the `aggregate` method. Though in some use-cases this can be used to archive higher performance when the `AggregationStrategy` is implemented as thread-safe.
`executorServiceRef` |  | Camel 2.2: A custom Thread Pool to use for parallel processing. Note that enabling this option implies parallel processing, so you need not enable that option as well.
`stopOnException` | `false` | Camel 2.2: Whether to immediately stop processing when an exception occurs. If disabled, Camel will send the message to all recipients regardless of any individual failures. You can process exceptions in an AggregationStrategy implementation, which supports full control of error handling.
`ignoreInvalidEndpoints` | `false` | Camel 2.3: Whether to ignore an endpoint URI that could not be resolved. If disabled, Camel will throw an exception identifying the invalid endpoint URI.
`streaming` | `false` | Camel 2.5: If enabled, Camel will process replies out-of-order - that is, in the order received in reply from each recipient. If disabled, Camel will process replies in the same order as specified by the Expression.
`timeout` |  | Camel 2.5: Specifies a processing timeout milliseconds. If the Recipient List hasn't been able to send and process all replies within this timeframe, then the timeout triggers and the Recipient List breaks out, with message flow continuing to the next element. Note that if you provide a TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy, its `timeout` method is invoked before breaking out. Beware: If the timeout is reached with running tasks still remaining, certain tasks for which it is difficult for Camel to shut down in a graceful manner may continue to run. So use this option with a bit of care. We may be able to improve this functionality in future Camel releases.
`onPrepareRef` |  | Camel 2.8: A custom Processor to prepare the copy of the Exchange each recipient will receive. This allows you to perform arbitrary transformations, such as deep-cloning the message payload (or any other custom logic).
`shareUnitOfWork` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Whether the unit of work should be shared. See the same option on Splitter for more details.
`cacheSize` | `1000` | Camel 2.13.1/2.12.4: Allows to configure the cache size for the `ProducerCache` which caches producers for reuse in the recipient list. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.

#### Static Recipient List

The following example shows how to route a request from an input queue:a endpoint to a static list of destinations

Using Annotations
You can use the RecipientList Annotation on a POJO to create a Dynamic Recipient List. For more details see the Bean Integration.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Dynamic Recipient List

Usually one of the main reasons for using the Recipient List pattern is that the list of recipients is dynamic and calculated at runtime. The following example demonstrates how to create a dynamic recipient list using an Expression (which in this case it extracts a named header value dynamically) to calculate the list of endpoints which are either of type Endpoint or are converted to a String and then resolved using the endpoint URIs.

Using the Fluent Builders

The above assumes that the header contains a list of endpoint URIs. The following takes a single string header and tokenizes it

##### Iteratable value

The dynamic list of recipients that are defined in the header must be iteratable such as:

- `java.util.Collection`
- `java.util.Iterator`
- arrays
- `org.w3c.dom.NodeList`
- a single String with values separated with comma
- any other type will be regarded as a single value

Using the Spring XML Extensions

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at one of the junit test case

##### Using delimiter in Spring XML

In Spring DSL you can set the `delimiter` attribute for setting a delimiter to be used if the header value is a single String with multiple separated endpoints. By default Camel uses comma as delimiter, but this option lets you specify a customer delimiter to use instead.

So if myHeader contains a String with the value `"activemq:queue:foo, activemq:topic:hello , log:bar"` then Camel will split the String using the delimiter given in the XML that was comma, resulting into 3 endpoints to send to. You can use spaces between the endpoints as Camel will trim the value when it lookup the endpoint to send to.

Note: In Java DSL you use the `tokenizer` to archive the same. The route above in Java DSL:

In Camel 2.1 its a bit easier as you can pass in the delimiter as 2nd parameter:

### Sending to multiple recipients in parallel

Available as of Camel 2.2

The Recipient List now supports `parallelProcessing` that for example Splitter also supports. You can use it to use a thread pool to have concurrent tasks sending the Exchange to multiple recipients concurrently.

And in Spring XML its an attribute on the recipient list tag.

### Stop continuing in case one recipient failed

Available as of Camel 2.2

The Recipient List now supports `stopOnException` that for example Splitter also supports. You can use it to stop sending to any further recipients in case any recipient failed.

And in Spring XML its an attribute on the recipient list tag.

Note: You can combine `parallelProcessing` and `stopOnException` and have them both `true`.

### Ignore invalid endpoints

Available as of Camel 2.3

The Recipient List now supports `ignoreInvalidEndpoints` which the Routing Slip also supports. You can use it to skip endpoints which is invalid.

And in Spring XML its an attribute on the recipient list tag.

Then lets say the `myHeader` contains the following two endpoints `direct:foo,xxx:bar`. The first endpoint is valid and works. However the 2nd is invalid and will just be ignored. Camel logs at INFO level about, so you can see why the endpoint was invalid.

### Using custom `AggregationStrategy`

Available as of Camel 2.2

You can now use you own `AggregationStrategy` with the Recipient List. However its not that often you need that. What its good for is that in case you are using Request Reply messaging then the replies from the recipient can be aggregated. By default Camel uses `UseLatestAggregationStrategy` which just keeps that last received reply. What if you must remember all the bodies that all the recipients send back, then you can use your own custom aggregator that keeps those. Its the same principle as with the Aggregator EIP so check it out for details.

And in Spring XML its an attribute on the recipient list tag.

#### Knowing which endpoint when using custom `AggregationStrategy`

Available as of Camel 2.12

When using a custom `AggregationStrategy` then the `aggregate` method is always invoked in the sequential order (also if parallel processing is enabled) of the endpoints the Recipient List is using. However from Camel 2.12 this is easier to know as the `newExchange` Exchange has a property stored (key is `Exchange.RECIPIENT_LIST_ENDPOINT` with the uri of the Endpoint.

### Using custom thread pool

Available as of Camel 2.2

A thread pool is only used for `parallelProcessing`. You supply your own custom thread pool via the `ExecutorServiceStrategy` (see Camel's Threading Model), the same way you would do it for the `aggregationStrategy`. By default Camel uses a thread pool with 10 threads (subject to change in a future version).

### Using method call as recipient list

You can use a Bean to provide the recipients, for example:

And then `MessageRouter`:

When you use a Bean then do not also use the `@RecipientList` annotation as this will in fact add yet another recipient list, so you end up having two. Do not do like this.

Well you should only do like that above (using `@RecipientList`) if you route just route to a Bean which you then want to act as a recipient list.
So the original route can be changed to:

Which then would invoke the routeTo method and detect its annotated with `@RecipientList` and then act accordingly as if it was a recipient list EIP.

### Using timeout

Available as of Camel 2.5

If you use `parallelProcessing` then you can configure a total `timeout` value in millis. Camel will then process the messages in parallel until the timeout is hit. This allows you to continue processing if one message is slow. For example you can set a timeout value of 20 sec.

Tasks may keep running

If the timeout is reached with running tasks still remaining, certain tasks for which it is difficult for Camel to shut down in a graceful manner may continue to run. So use this option with a bit of care. We may be able to improve this functionality in future Camel releases.

For example in the unit test below you can see we multicast the message to 3 destinations. We have a timeout of 2 seconds, which means only the last two messages can be completed within the timeframe. This means we will only aggregate the last two which yields a result aggregation which outputs `"BC"`.

Timeout in other EIPs

This `timeout` feature is also supported by Splitter and both `multicast` and `recipientList`.

By default if a timeout occurs the `AggregationStrategy` is not invoked. However you can implement a specialized version

TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy

This allows you to deal with the timeout in the `AggregationStrategy` if you really need to.

Timeout is total

The timeout is total, which means that after X time, Camel will aggregate the messages which has completed within the timeframe. The remainders will be cancelled. Camel will also only invoke the `timeout` method in the `TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy` once, for the first index which caused the timeout.

### Using onPrepare to execute custom logic when preparing messages

Available as of Camel 2.8

See details at Multicast

### Using ExchangePattern in recipients

Available as of Camel 2.15

The recipient list will by default use the current Exchange Pattern. Though there can be use-cases where you want to send a message to a recipient using a different exchange pattern. For example you may have a route that initiates as a InOnly route, but want to use InOut exchange pattern with a recipient list. To do this in earlier Camel releases, you would need to change the exchange pattern before the recipient list, or use onPrepare option to alter the pattern. Now from Camel 2.15 onwards, you can configure the exchange pattern directly in the recipient endpoints.

For example in the route below we pickup new files (which will started as InOnly) and then route to a recipient list. As we want to use InOut with the ActiveMQ (JMS) endpoint we can now specify this using the exchangePattern=InOut option. Then the response form the JMS request/reply will then be continued routed, and thus the response is what will be stored in as a file in the outbox directory.

The recipient list will not alter the original exchange pattern. So in the example above the exchange pattern will still be InOnly when the message is routed to the file:outbox endpoint.

If you want to alter the exchange pattern permanently then use the .setExchangePattern option. See more details at Request Reply and Event Message.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Splitter

The Splitter from the EIP patterns allows you split a message into a number of pieces and process them individually

You need to specify a Splitter as `split()`. In earlier versions of Camel, you need to use `splitter()`.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`strategyRef` |  | Refers to an AggregationStrategy to be used to assemble the replies from the sub-messages, into a single outgoing message from the Splitter. See the defaults described below in What the Splitter returns. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can also use a POJO as the `AggregationStrategy`, see the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodName` |  | Camel 2.12: This option can be used to explicit declare the method name to use, when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodAllowNull` | `false` | Camel 2.12: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used for the very first splitted message. If this option is `true` then `null` values is used as the `oldExchange` (for the very first message splitted), when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`parallelProcessing` | `false` | If enabled then processing the sub-messages occurs concurrently. Note the caller thread will still wait until all sub-messages has been fully processed, before it continues. |
`parallelAggregate` | `false` | Camel 2.14: If enabled then the `aggregate` method on `AggregationStrategy` can be called concurrently. Notice that this would require the implementation of `AggregationStrategy` to be implemented as thread-safe. By default this is `false` meaning that Camel synchronizes the call to the `aggregate` method. Though in some use-cases this can be used to archive higher performance when the `AggregationStrategy` is implemented as thread-safe.
`executorServiceRef` |  | Refers to a custom Thread Pool to be used for parallel processing. Notice if you set this option, then parallel processing is automatically implied, and you do not have to enable that option as well.
`stopOnException` | `false` | Camel 2.2: Whether or not to stop continue processing immediately when an exception occurred. If disable, then Camel continue splitting and process the sub-messages regardless if one of them failed. You can deal with exceptions in the AggregationStrategy class where you have full control how to handle that.
`streaming` | `false` | If enabled then Camel will split in a streaming fashion, which means it will split the input message in chunks. This reduces the memory overhead. For example if you split big messages its recommended to enable streaming. If streaming is enabled then the sub-message replies will be aggregated out-of-order, eg in the order they come back. If disabled, Camel will process sub-message replies in the same order as they where splitted.
`timeout` |  | Camel 2.5: Sets a total timeout specified in millis. If the Recipient List hasn't been able to split and process all replies within the given timeframe, then the timeout triggers and the Splitter breaks out and continues. Notice if you provide a TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy then the `timeout` method is invoked before breaking out. If the timeout is reached with running tasks still remaining, certain tasks for which it is difficult for Camel to shut down in a graceful manner may continue to run. So use this option with a bit of care. We may be able to improve this functionality in future Camel releases.
`onPrepareRef` |  | Camel 2.8: Refers to a custom Processor to prepare the sub-message of the Exchange, before its processed. This allows you to do any custom logic, such as deep-cloning the message payload if that's needed etc.
`shareUnitOfWork` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Whether the unit of work should be shared. See further below for more details.

### Exchange properties

The following properties are set on each Exchange that are split:

property | type | description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelSplitIndex` | int | A split counter that increases for each Exchange being split. The counter starts from 0.
`CamelSplitSize` | int | The total number of Exchanges that was splitted. This header is not applied for stream based splitting. From Camel 2.9 onwards this header is also set in stream based splitting, but only on the completed Exchange.
`CamelSplitComplete` | boolean | Camel 2.4: Whether or not this Exchange is the last.

### Examples

The following example shows how to take a request from the direct:a endpoint the split it into pieces using an Expression, then forward each piece to direct:b

Using the Fluent Builders

The splitter can use any Expression language so you could use any of the Languages Supported such as XPath, XQuery, SQL or one of the Scripting Languages to perform the split. e.g.

Using the Spring XML Extensions

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at one of the junit test case

### Splitting a Collection, Iterator or Array

A common use case is to split a Collection, Iterator or Array from the message. In the sample below we simply use an Expression to identify the value to split.

In Spring XML you can use the Simple language to identify the value to split.

### Using Tokenizer from Spring XML Extensions*

You can use the tokenizer expression in the Spring DSL to split bodies or headers using a token. This is a common use-case, so we provided a special tokenizer tag for this.
In the sample below we split the body using a @ as separator. You can of course use comma or space or even a regex pattern, also set regex=true.

### What the Splitter returns

Camel 2.2 or older:
The Splitter will by default return the last splitted message.

Camel 2.3 and newer
The Splitter will by default return the original input message.

For all versions
You can override this by suppling your own strategy as an `AggregationStrategy`. There is a sample on this page (Split aggregate request/reply sample). Notice its the same strategy as the Aggregator supports. This Splitter can be viewed as having a build in light weight Aggregator.

### Parallel execution of distinct 'parts'

If you want to execute all parts in parallel you can use special notation of `split()` with two arguments, where the second one is a boolean flag if processing should be parallel. e.g.

The boolean option has been refactored into a builder method `parallelProcessing` so its easier to understand what the route does when we use a method instead of true|false.

### Stream based

Splitting big XML payloads

The XPath engine in Java and saxon will load the entire XML content into memory. And thus they are not well suited for very big XML payloads.
Instead you can use a custom Expression which will iterate the XML payload in a streamed fashion. From Camel 2.9 onwards you can use the Tokenizer language
which supports this when you supply the start and end tokens. From Camel 2.14, you can use the XMLTokenizer language which is specifically provided for tokenizing XML documents.

You can split streams by enabling the streaming mode using the `streaming` builder method.

You can also supply your custom splitter to use with streaming like this:

#### Streaming big XML payloads using Tokenizer language

There are two tokenizers that can be used to tokenize an XML payload. The first tokenizer uses the same principle as in the text tokenizer to scan the XML payload and extract a sequence of tokens.

Available as of Camel 2.9
If you have a big XML payload, from a file source, and want to split it in streaming mode, then you can use the Tokenizer language with start/end tokens to do this with low memory footprint.

StAX component

The Camel StAX component can also be used to split big XML files in a streaming mode. See more details at StAX.

For example you may have a XML payload structured as follows

Now to split this big file using XPath would cause the entire content to be loaded into memory. So instead we can use the Tokenizer language to do this as follows:

In XML DSL the route would be as follows:

Notice the `tokenizeXML` method which will split the file using the tag name of the child node (more precisely speaking, the local name of the element without its namespace prefix if any), which mean it will grab the content between the `<order>` and `</order>` tags (incl. the tokens). So for example a splitted message would be as follows:

If you want to inherit namespaces from a root/parent tag, then you can do this as well by providing the name of the root/parent tag:

And in Java DSL its as follows:

Available as of Camel 2.13.1, you can set the above inheritNamsepaceTagName property to "*" to include the preceding context in each token (i.e., generating each token enclosed in its ancestor elements). It is noted that each token must share the same ancestor elements in this case.

The above tokenizer works well on simple structures but has some inherent limitations in handling more complex XML structures.

Available as of Camel 2.14

The second tokenizer uses a StAX parser to overcome these limitations. This tokenizer recognizes XML namespaces and also handles simple and complex XML structures more naturally and efficiently.

To split using this tokenizer at {urn:shop}order, we can write

Two arguments control the behavior of the tokenizer. The first argument specifies the element using a path notation. This path notation uses a subset of xpath with wildcard support. The second argument represents the extraction mode. The available extraction modes are:

mode | description
--- | ---
i | injecting the contextual namespace bindings into the extracted token (default)
w | wrapping the extracted token in its ancestor context
u | unwrapping the extracted token to its child content
t | extracting the text content of the specified element

Having an input XML

Each mode will result in the following tokens,

i |
    <m:order xmlns:m="urn:shop" xmlns:cat="urn:shop:catalog"><id>123</id><date>2014-02-25</date>...</m:order>
w |
    <m:orders xmlns:m="urn:shop" xmlns:cat="urn:shop:catalog">
      <m:order><id>123</id><date>2014-02-25</date>...</m:order></m:orders>
u |
    <id>123</id><date>2014-02-25</date>...
t |
    1232014-02-25...

In XML DSL, the equivalent route would be written as follows:

or setting the extraction mode explicitly as

Note that this StAX based tokenizer's uses StAX Location API and requires a StAX Reader implementation (e.g., woodstox) that correctly returns the offset position pointing to the beginning of each event triggering segment (e.g., the offset position of '<' at each start and end element event). If you use a StAX Reader which does not implement that API correctly it results in invalid xml snippets after the split. For example the snippet could be wrong terminated:

    <Start>...<</Start> .... <Start>...</</Start>

#### Splitting files by grouping N lines together

Available as of Camel 2.10

The Tokenizer language has a new option `group` that allows you to group N parts together, for example to split big files into chunks of 1000 lines.

And in XML DSL

The `group` option is a number that must be a positive number that dictates how many groups to combine together. Each part will be combined using the token.
So in the example above the message being sent to the activemq order queue, will contain 1000 lines, and each line separated by the token (which is a new line token).
The output when using the `group` option is always a `java.lang.String` type.

#### Specifying a custom aggregation strategy

This is specified similar to the Aggregator.

#### Specifying a custom ThreadPoolExecutor

You can customize the underlying ThreadPoolExecutor used in the parallel splitter. In the Java DSL try something like this:

#### Using a Pojo to do the splitting

As the Splitter can use any Expression to do the actual splitting we leverage this fact and use a method expression to invoke a Bean to get the splitted parts.
The Bean should return a value that is iterable such as: `java.util.Collection, java.util.Iterator` or an array.
So the returned value, will then be used by Camel at runtime, to split the message.

Streaming mode and using pojo

When you have enabled the streaming mode, then you should return a `Iterator` to ensure streamish fashion. For example if the message is a big file, then by using an iterator, that returns a piece of the file in chunks, in the `next` method of the `Iterator` ensures low memory footprint. This avoids the need for reading the entire content into memory. For an example see the source code for the TokenizePair implementation.

In the route we define the Expression as a method call to invoke our Bean that we have registered with the id mySplitterBean in the Registry.

And the logic for our Bean is as simple as. Notice we use Camel Bean Binding to pass in the message body as a String object.

#### Split aggregate request/reply sample

This sample shows how you can split an Exchange, process each splitted message, aggregate and return a combined response to the original caller using request/reply.

The route below illustrates this and how the split supports a aggregationStrategy to hold the in progress processed messages:

And the OrderService bean is as follows:

And our custom aggregationStrategy that is responsible for holding the in progress aggregated message that after the splitter is ended will be sent to the buildCombinedResponse method for final processing before the combined response can be returned to the waiting caller.

So lets run the sample and see how it works.
We send an Exchange to the direct:start endpoint containing a IN body with the String value: `A@B@C`. The flow is:

### Stop processing in case of exception

Available as of Camel 2.1

The Splitter will by default continue to process the entire Exchange even in case of one of the splitted message will thrown an exception during routing.
For example if you have an Exchange with 1000 rows that you split and route each sub message. During processing of these sub messages an exception is thrown at the 17th. What Camel does by default is to process the remainder 983 messages. You have the chance to remedy or handle this in the `AggregationStrategy`.

But sometimes you just want Camel to stop and let the exception be propagated back, and let the Camel error handler handle it. You can do this in Camel 2.1 by specifying that it should stop in case of an exception occurred. This is done by the `stopOnException` option as shown below:

And using XML DSL you specify it as follows:

### Using onPrepare to execute custom logic when preparing messages

Available as of Camel 2.8

See details at Multicast

### Sharing unit of work

Available as of Camel 2.8

The Splitter will by default not share unit of work between the parent exchange and each splitted exchange. This means each sub exchange has its own individual unit of work.

For example you may have an use case, where you want to split a big message. And you want to regard that process as an atomic isolated operation that either is a success or failure. In case of a failure you want that big message to be moved into a dead letter queue. To support this use case, you would have to share the unit of work on the Splitter.

Here is an example in Java DSL

Now in this example what would happen is that in case there is a problem processing each sub message, the error handler will kick in (yes error handling still applies for the sub messages). But what doesn't happen is that if a sub message fails all redelivery attempts (its exhausted), then its not moved into that dead letter queue. The reason is that we have shared the unit of work, so the sub message will report the error on the shared unit of work. When the Splitter is done, it checks the state of the shared unit of work and checks if any errors occurred. And if an error occurred it will set the exception on the Exchange and mark it for rollback. The error handler will yet again kick in, as the Exchange has been marked as rollback and it had an exception as well. No redelivery attempts is performed (as it was marked for rollback) and the Exchange will be moved into the dead letter queue.

Using this from XML DSL is just as easy as you just have to set the shareUnitOfWork attribute to true:

Implementation of shared unit of work

So in reality the unit of work is not shared as a single object instance. Instead `SubUnitOfWork` is attached to their parent, and issues callback to the parent about their status (commit or rollback). This may be refactored in Camel 3.0 where larger API changes can be done.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Aggregator

This applies for Camel version 2.3 or newer. If you use an older version then use this Aggregator link instead.

The Aggregator from the EIP patterns allows you to combine a number of messages together into a single message.

A correlation Expression is used to determine the messages which should be aggregated together. If you want to aggregate all messages into a single message, just use a constant expression. An AggregationStrategy is used to combine all the message exchanges for a single correlation key into a single message exchange.

### Aggregator options

The aggregator supports the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
correlationExpression |  | Mandatory Expression which evaluates the correlation key to use for aggregation. The Exchange which has the same correlation key is aggregated together. If the correlation key could not be evaluated an Exception is thrown. You can disable this by using the `ignoreBadCorrelationKeys` option.
aggregationStrategy |  | Mandatory `AggregationStrategy` which is used to merge the incoming Exchange with the existing already merged exchanges. At first call the `oldExchange` parameter is `null`. On subsequent invocations the `oldExchange` contains the merged exchanges and `newExchange` is of course the new incoming Exchange. From Camel 2.9.2 onwards the strategy can also be a `TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy` implementation, supporting the timeout callback, see further below for more details. From Camel 2.16 onwards the strategy can also be a `PreCompletionAwareAggregationStrategy` implementation which then runs the completion check in pre-completion mode. See further below for more details.
strategyRef |  | A reference to lookup the `AggregationStrategy` in the Registry. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can also use a POJO as the `AggregationStrategy`, see further below for details.
strategyMethodName |  | Camel 2.12: This option can be used to explicit declare the method name to use, when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See further below for more details.
strategyMethodAllowNull | `false` | Camel 2.12: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used for the very first aggregation. If this option is `true` then `null` values is used as the `oldExchange` (at the very first aggregation), when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See further below for more details.
completionSize |  | Number of messages aggregated before the aggregation is complete. This option can be set as either a fixed value or using an Expression which allows you to evaluate a size dynamically - will use `Integer` as result. If both are set Camel will fallback to use the fixed value if the Expression result was `null` or `0`.
completionTimeout |  | Time in millis that an aggregated exchange should be inactive before its complete. This option can be set as either a fixed value or using an Expression which allows you to evaluate a timeout dynamically - will use `Long` as result. If both are set Camel will fallback to use the fixed value if the Expression result was `null` or `0`. You cannot use this option together with completionInterval, only one of the two can be used.
completionInterval |  | A repeating period in millis by which the aggregator will complete all current aggregated exchanges. Camel has a background task which is triggered every period. You cannot use this option together with completionTimeout, only one of them can be used.
completionPredicate |  | A Predicate to indicate when an aggregated exchange is complete. Starting in Camel 2.15, if this is not specified and the AggregationStrategy object implements Predicate, the aggregationStrategy object will be used as the completionPredicate.
completionFromBatchConsumer | `false` | This option is if the exchanges are coming from a Batch Consumer. Then when enabled the Aggregator2 will use the batch size determined by the Batch Consumer in the message header `CamelBatchSize`. See more details at Batch Consumer. This can be used to aggregate all files consumed from a File endpoint in that given poll.
forceCompletionOnStop | `false` | Camel 2.9 Indicates to complete all current aggregated exchanges when the context is stopped
completeAllOnStop | `false` | Camel 2.16: Indicates to wait to complete all current and partial (pending) aggregated exchanges when the context is stopped. This also means that we will wait for all pending exchanges which are stored in the aggregation repository to complete so the repository is empty before we can stop. You may want to enable this when using the memory based aggregation repository that is memory based only, and do not store data on disk. When this option is enabled, then the aggregator is waiting to complete all those exchanges before its stopped, when stopping CamelContext or the route using it.
eagerCheckCompletion | `false` | Whether or not to eager check for completion when a new incoming Exchange has been received. This option influences the behavior of the `completionPredicate` option as the Exchange being passed in changes accordingly. When `false` the Exchange passed in the Predicate is the aggregated Exchange which means any information you may store on the aggregated Exchange from the `AggregationStrategy` is available for the Predicate. When `true` the Exchange passed in the Predicate is the incoming Exchange, which means you can access data from the incoming Exchange.
groupExchanges | `false` | If enabled then Camel will group all aggregated Exchanges into a single combined `org.apache.camel.impl.GroupedExchange` holder class that holds all the aggregated Exchanges. And as a result only one Exchange is being sent out from the aggregator. Can be used to combine many incoming Exchanges into a single output Exchange without coding a custom `AggregationStrategy` yourself. Important: This option does not support persistent repository with the aggregator. See further below for an example and more details.
ignoreInvalidCorrelationKeys | `false` | Whether or not to ignore correlation keys which could not be evaluated to a value. By default Camel will throw an Exception, but you can enable this option and ignore the situation instead.
closeCorrelationKeyOnCompletion |  | Whether or not too late Exchanges should be accepted or not. You can enable this to indicate that if a correlation key has already been completed, then any new exchanges with the same correlation key be denied. Camel will then throw a `closedCorrelationKeyException` exception. When using this option you pass in a `integer` which is a number for a LRUCache which keeps that last X number of closed correlation keys. You can pass in 0 or a negative value to indicate a unbounded cache. By passing in a number you are ensured that cache won't grow too big if you use a log of different correlation keys.
discardOnCompletionTimeout | `false` | Camel 2.5: Whether or not exchanges which complete due to a timeout should be discarded. If enabled then when a timeout occurs the aggregated message will not be sent out but dropped (discarded).
aggregationRepository |  | Allows you to plugin you own implementation of `org.apache.camel.spi.AggregationRepository` which keeps track of the current inflight aggregated exchanges. Camel uses by default a memory based implementation.
aggregationRepositoryRef |  | Reference to lookup a `aggregationRepository` in the Registry.
parallelProcessing | `false` | When aggregated are completed they are being send out of the aggregator. This option indicates whether or not Camel should use a thread pool with multiple threads for concurrency. If no custom thread pool has been specified then Camel creates a default pool with 10 concurrent threads.
executorService |  | If using `parallelProcessing` you can specify a custom thread pool to be used. In fact also if you are not using `parallelProcessing` this custom thread pool is used to send out aggregated exchanges as well.
executorServiceRef |  | Reference to lookup a `executorService` in the Registry
timeoutCheckerExecutorService |  | Camel 2.9: If using either of the `completionTimeout`, `completionTimeoutExpression`, or `completionInterval` options a background thread is created to check for the completion for every aggregator. Set this option to provide a custom thread pool to be used rather than creating a new thread for every aggregator.
timeoutCheckerExecutorServiceRef |  | Camel 2.9: Reference to lookup a `timeoutCheckerExecutorService` in the Registry
optimisticLocking | `false` | Camel 2.11: Turns on using optimistic locking, which requires the `aggregationRepository` being used, is supporting this by implementing the `org.apache.camel.spi.OptimisticLockingAggregationRepository` interface.
optimisticLockRetryPolicy |  | Camel 2.11.1: Allows to configure retry settings when using optimistic locking.

### Exchange Properties

The following properties are set on each aggregated Exchange:

header | type | description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelAggregatedSize` | int | The total number of Exchanges aggregated into this combined Exchange.
`CamelAggregatedCompletedBy` | String | Indicator how the aggregation was completed as a value of either: `predicate`, `size`, `strategy`, `consumer`, `timeout`, `forceCompletion` or `interval`.

### About AggregationStrategy

The `AggregationStrategy` is used for aggregating the old (lookup by its correlation id) and the new exchanges together into a single exchange. Possible implementations include performing some kind of combining or delta processing, such as adding line items together into an invoice or just using the newest exchange and removing old exchanges such as for state tracking or market data prices; where old values are of little use.

Notice the aggregation strategy is a mandatory option and must be provided to the aggregator.

Here are a few example AggregationStrategy implementations that should help you create your own custom strategy.

### About completion

When aggregation Exchanges at some point you need to indicate that the aggregated exchanges is complete, so they can be send out of the aggregator. Camel allows you to indicate completion in various ways as follows:

- completionTimeout - Is an inactivity timeout in which is triggered if no new exchanges have been aggregated for that particular correlation key within the period.
- completionInterval - Once every X period all the current aggregated exchanges are completed.
- completionSize - Is a number indicating that after X aggregated exchanges it's complete.
- completionPredicate - Runs a Predicate when a new exchange is aggregated to determine if we are complete or not. Staring in Camel 2.15, the configured aggregationStrategy can implement the Predicate interface and will be used as the completionPredicate if no completionPredicate is configured. From Camel 2.16, the configured aggregationStrategy can implement `PreCompletionAwareAggregationStrategy` and will be used as the completionPredicate in pre-complete check mode. See further below for more details.
- completionFromBatchConsumer - Special option for Batch Consumer which allows you to complete when all the messages from the batch has been aggregated.
- forceCompletionOnStop - Camel 2.9 Indicates to complete all current aggregated exchanges when the context is stopped
- Using a `AggregateController` - Camel 2.16 which allows to use an external source to complete groups or all groups. This can be done using Java or JMX API.

Notice that all the completion ways are per correlation key. And you can combine them in any way you like. It's basically the first which triggers that wins. So you can use a completion size together with a completion timeout. Only completionTimeout and completionInterval cannot be used at the same time.

Notice the completion is a mandatory option and must be provided to the aggregator. If not provided Camel will thrown an Exception on startup.

Callbacks

See the `TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy` and `CompletionAwareAggregationStrategy` extensions to `AggregationStrategy` that has callbacks when the aggregated Exchange was completed and if a timeout occurred.

### Pre-completion mode

available as of Camel 2.16

There can be use-cases where you want the incoming Exchange to determine if the correlation group should pre-complete, and then the incoming Exchange is starting a new group from scratch. To determine this the `AggregationStrategy` can implement `PreCompletionAwareAggregationStrategy` which has a `preComplete` method:

If the preComplete method returns true, then the existing groups is completed (without aggregating the incoming exchange (newExchange). And then the newExchange is used to start the correlation group from scratch so the group would contain only that new incoming exchange. This is known as pre-completion mode. And when the aggregation is in pre-completion mode, then only the following completions are in use

- aggregationStrategy must implement `PreCompletionAwareAggregationStrategy` xxx
- completionTimeout or completionInterval can also be used as fallback completions
- any other completion are not used (such as by size, from batch consumer etc)
- eagerCheckCompletion is implied as true, but the option has no effect

### Persistent AggregationRepository

The aggregator provides a pluggable repository which you can implement your own `org.apache.camel.spi.AggregationRepository`.
If you need persistent repository then you can use either Camel HawtDB, LevelDB, or SQL Component components.

### Examples

See some examples from the old Aggregator which is somewhat similar to this new aggregator.

Setting options in Spring XML

Many of the options are configurable as attributes on the `<aggregate>` tag when using Spring XML.

#### Using completionTimeout

In this example we want to aggregate all incoming messages and after 3 seconds of inactivity we want the aggregation to complete. This is done using the `completionTimeout` option as shown:

And the same example using Spring XML:

#### Using TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy

Available as of Camel 2.9.2

If your aggregation strategy implements `TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy`, then Camel will invoke the `timeout` method when the timeout occurs. Notice that the values for index and total parameters will be -1, and the timeout parameter will be provided only if configured as a fixed value. You must not throw any exceptions from the `timeout` method.

#### Using CompletionAwareAggregationStrategy

Available as of Camel 2.9.3

If your aggregation strategy implements `CompletionAwareAggregationStrategy`, then Camel will invoke the `onComplete` method when the aggregated Exchange is completed. This allows you to do any last minute custom logic such as to cleanup some resources, or additional work on the exchange as it's now completed.
You must not throw any exceptions from the `onCompletion` method.

#### Using completionSize

In this example we want to aggregate all incoming messages and when we have 3 messages aggregated (in the same correlation group) we want the aggregation to complete. This is done using the `completionSize` option as shown:

And the same example using Spring XML:

#### Using completionPredicate

In this example we want to aggregate all incoming messages and use a Predicate to determine when we are complete. The Predicate can be evaluated using either the aggregated exchange (default) or the incoming exchange. We will give an example for both situations. We start with the default situation as shown:

And the same example using Spring XML:
And the other situation where we use the `eagerCheckCompletion` option to tell Camel to use the incoming Exchange. Notice how we can just test in the completion predicate that the incoming message is the END message:
And the same example using Spring XML:

#### Using dynamic completionTimeout

In this example we want to aggregate all incoming messages and after a period of inactivity we want the aggregation to complete. The period should be computed at runtime based on the `timeout` header in the incoming messages. This is done using the `completionTimeout` option as shown:

And the same example using Spring XML:
Note: You can also add a fixed timeout value and Camel will fallback to use this value if the dynamic value was `null` or `0`.

#### Using dynamic completionSize

In this example we want to aggregate all incoming messages based on a dynamic size per correlation key. The size is computed at runtime based on the `mySize` header in the incoming messages. This is done using the `completionSize` option as shown:

And the same example using Spring XML:
Note: You can also add a fixed size value and Camel will fallback to use this value if the dynamic value was `null` or `0`.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

#### Completing current group decided from the AggregationStrategy

Available as of Camel 2.15

The `AggregationStrategy` can now included a property on the returned `Exchange` that contains a boolean to indicate if the current group should be completed. This allows to overrule any existing completion predicates / sizes / timeouts etc, and complete the group.

For example the following logic (from an unit test) will complete the group if the message body size is larger than 5. This is done by setting the property Exchange.AGGREGATION_COMPLETE_CURRENT_GROUP to true.

#### Manually Force the Completion of All Aggregated Exchanges Immediately

Available as of Camel 2.9
You can manually trigger completion of all current aggregated exchanges by sending a message containing the header Exchange.AGGREGATION_COMPLETE_ALL_GROUPS set to true. The message is considered a signal message only, the message headers/contents will not be processed otherwise.

Available as of Camel 2.11
You can alternatively set the header Exchange.AGGREGATION_COMPLETE_ALL_GROUPS_INCLUSIVE to true to trigger completion of all groups after processing the current message.

#### Using a List<V> in AggregationStrategy

Available as of Camel 2.11

If you want to aggregate some value from the messages <V> into a List<V> then we have added a `org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.AbstractListAggregationStrategy` abstract class in Camel 2.11 that makes this easier. The completed Exchange that is sent out of the aggregator will contain the List<V> in the message body.

For example to aggregate a List<Integer> you can extend this class as shown below, and implement the `getValue` method:

### Using AggregateController

Available as of Camel 2.16

The `org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.AggregateController` allows you to control the aggregate at runtime using Java or JMX API. This can be used to force completing groups of exchanges, or query its current runtime statistics.

The aggregator provides a default implementation if no custom have been configured, which can be accessed using `getAggregateController()` method. Though it may be easier to configure a controller in the route using aggregateController as shown below:

Then there is API on AggregateController to force completion. For example to complete a group with key foo

The number return would be the number of groups completed. In this case it would be 1 if the foo group existed and was completed. If foo does not exists then 0 is returned.

There is also an api to complete all groups

To configure this from XML DSL

There is also JMX API on the aggregator which is available under the processors node in the Camel JMX tree.

### Using GroupedExchanges

In the route below we group all the exchanges together using `groupExchanges()`:

As a result we have one outgoing Exchange being routed the the "mock:result" endpoint. The exchange is a holder containing all the incoming Exchanges.
To get access to these exchanges you need to access them from a property on the outgoing exchange as shown:

From Camel 2.13 onwards this behavior has changed to store these exchanges directly on the message body which is more intuitive:

Notice the old way using the property is still present in Camel 2.13 onwards, but its considered deprecated and to be removed in Camel 3.0 onwards.

### Using POJOs as AggregationStrategy

Available as of Camel 2.12

You can use POJOs as AggregationStrategy with the other EIPs that supports aggregation, such as Splitter, Recipient List, etc.

To use the `AggregationStrategy` you had to implement the `org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.AggregationStrategy` interface, which means your logic would be tied to the Camel API. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can use a POJO for the logic and let Camel adapt to your POJO. To use a POJO a convention must be followed:

- there must be a public method to use
- the method must not be void
- the method can be static or non-static
- the method must have 2 or more parameters
- the parameters is paired so the first 50% is applied to the `oldExchange` and the reminder 50% is for the `newExchange`
- .. meaning that there must be an equal number of parameters, eg 2, 4, 6 etc.

The paired methods is expected to be ordered as follows:

- the first parameter is the message body
- the 2nd parameter is a Map of the headers
- the 3rd parameter is a Map of the Exchange properties

This convention is best explained with some examples.

In the method below, we have only 2 parameters, so the 1st parameter is the body of the `oldExchange`, and the 2nd is paired to the body of the `newExchange`:

In the method below, we have only 4 parameters, so the 1st parameter is the body of the `oldExchange`, and the 2nd is the Map of the `oldExchange} headers, and the 3rd is paired to the body of the {{newExchange`, and the 4th parameter is the Map of the `newExchange` headers:

And finally if we have 6 parameters the we also have the properties of the Exchanges:

To use this with the Aggregate EIP we can use a POJO with the aggregate logic as follows:

And then in the Camel route we create an instance of our bean, and then refer to the bean in the route using `bean` method from `org.apache.camel.util.toolbox.AggregationStrategies` as shown:

We can also provide the bean type directly:

And if the bean has only one method we do not need to specify the name of the method:

And the `append` method could be static:

If you are using XML DSL then we need to declare a <bean> with the POJO:

And in the Camel route we use `strategyRef` to refer to the bean by its id, and the `strategyMethodName` can be used to define the method name to call:

When using XML DSL you must define the POJO as a <bean>.

#### Aggregating when no data

By default when using POJOs as AggregationStrategy, then the method is only invoked when there is data to be aggregated (by default). You can use the option `strategyMethodAllowNull` to configure this. Where as without using POJOs then you may have `null` as `oldExchange` or `newExchange` parameters. For example the Aggregate EIP will invoke the `AggregationStrategy` with `oldExchange` as null, for the first Exchange incoming to the aggregator. And then for subsequent Exchanges then `oldExchange` and `newExchange` parameters are both not null.

##### Example with Content Enricher and no data

Though with POJOs as AggregationStrategy we made this simpler and only call the method when `oldExchange` and `newExchange` is not null, as that would be the most common use-case. If you need to allow `oldExchange` or `newExchange` to be null, then you can configure this with the POJO using the `AggregationStrategyBeanAdapter` as shown below. On the bean adapter we call `setAllowNullNewExchange` to allow the new exchange to be null.

This can be configured a bit easier using the `beanAllowNull` method from `AggregationStrategies` as shown:

Then the `append` method in the POJO would need to deal with the situation that `newExchange` can be null:

In the example above we use the Content Enricher EIP using `pollEnrich`. The `newExchange` will be null in the situation we could not get any data from the "seda:foo" endpoint, and therefore the timeout was hit after 1 second. So if we need to do some special merge logic we would need to set `setAllowNullNewExchange=true`, so the `append` method will be invoked. If we do not do that then when the timeout was hit, then the append method would normally not be invoked, meaning the Content Enricher did not merge/change the message.

In XML DSL you would configure the `strategyMethodAllowNull` option and set it to true as shown below:

##### Different body types

When for example using `strategyMethodAllowNull` as true, then the parameter types of the message bodies does not have to be the same. For example suppose we want to aggregate from a `com.foo.User` type to a `List<String>` that contains the user name. We could code a POJO doing this as follows:

Notice that the return type is a List which we want to contain the user names. The 1st parameter is the list of names, and then notice the 2nd parameter is the incoming `com.foo.User` type.

### See also

- The Loan Broker Example which uses an aggregator
- Blog post by Torsten Mielke about using the aggregator correctly.
- The old Aggregator
- HawtDB, LevelDB or SQL Component for persistence support
- Aggregate Example for an example application

### Resequencer

The Resequencer from the EIP patterns allows you to reorganise messages based on some comparator. By default in Camel we use an Expression to create the comparator; so that you can compare by a message header or the body or a piece of a message etc.

Change in Camel 2.7

The `<batch-config>` and `<stream-config>` tags in XML DSL in the Resequencer EIP must now be configured in the top, and not in the bottom. So if you use those, then move them up just below the `<resequence>` EIP starts in the XML. If you are using Camel older than 2.7, then those configs should be at the bottom.

Camel supports two resequencing algorithms:

- Batch resequencing collects messages into a batch, sorts the messages and sends them to their output.
- Stream resequencing re-orders (continuous) message streams based on the detection of gaps between messages.

By default the Resequencer does not support duplicate messages and will only keep the last message, in case a message arrives with the same message expression. However in the batch mode you can enable it to allow duplicates.

### Batch Resequencing

The following example shows how to use the batch-processing resequencer so that messages are sorted in order of the body() expression. That is messages are collected into a batch (either by a maximum number of messages per batch or using a timeout) then they are sorted in order and then sent out to their output.

Using the Fluent Builders

This is equvalent to

The batch-processing resequencer can be further configured via the `size()` and `timeout()` methods.

This sets the batch size to 300 and the batch timeout to 4000 ms (by default, the batch size is 100 and the timeout is 1000 ms). Alternatively, you can provide a configuration object.

So the above example will reorder messages from endpoint direct:a in order of their bodies, to the endpoint mock:result.
Typically you'd use a header rather than the body to order things; or maybe a part of the body. So you could replace this expression with

for example to reorder messages using a custom sequence number in the header `mySeqNo`.

You can of course use many different Expression languages such as XPath, XQuery, SQL or various Scripting Languages.

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Allow Duplicates

Available as of Camel 2.4

In the `batch` mode, you can now allow duplicates. In Java DSL there is a `allowDuplicates()` method and in Spring XML there is an `allowDuplicates=true` attribute on the `<batch-config/>` you can use to enable it.

#### Reverse

Available as of Camel 2.4

In the `batch` mode, you can now reverse the expression ordering. By default the order is based on 0..9,A..Z, which would let messages with low numbers be ordered first, and thus also also outgoing first. In some cases you want to reverse order, which is now possible.

In Java DSL there is a `reverse()` method and in Spring XML there is an `reverse=true` attribute on the `<batch-config/>` you can use to enable it.

#### Resequence JMS messages based on JMSPriority

Available as of Camel 2.4

It's now much easier to use the Resequencer to resequence messages from JMS queues based on `JMSPriority`. For that to work you need to use the two new options `allowDuplicates` and `reverse`.

Notice this is only possible in the `batch` mode of the Resequencer.

#### Ignore invalid exchanges

Available as of Camel 2.9

The resequencer EIP will from Camel 2.9 onwards throw a `CamelExchangeException` if the incoming Exchange is not valid for the resequencer - ie. the expression cannot be evaluated, such as a missing header. You can use the option `ignoreInvalidExchanges` to ignore these exceptions which means the Resequencer will then skip the invalid Exchange.

This option is available for both batch and stream resequencer.

#### Reject Old Exchanges

Available as of Camel 2.11

This option can be used to prevent out of order messages from being sent regardless of the event that delivered messages downstream (capacity, timeout, etc). If enabled using `rejectOld()`, the Resequencer will throw a `MessageRejectedException` when an incoming Exchange is "older" (based on the Comparator) than the last delivered message. This provides an extra level of control with regards to delayed message ordering.

This option is available for the stream resequencer only.

### Stream Resequencing

The next example shows how to use the stream-processing resequencer. Messages are re-ordered based on their sequence numbers given by a `seqnum` header using gap detection and timeouts on the level of individual messages.

Using the Fluent Builders

The stream-processing resequencer can be further configured via the `capacity()` and `timeout()` methods.

This sets the resequencer's capacity to 5000 and the timeout to 4000 ms (by default, the capacity is 1000 and the timeout is 1000 ms). Alternatively, you can provide a configuration object.

The stream-processing resequencer algorithm is based on the detection of gaps in a message stream rather than on a fixed batch size. Gap detection in combination with timeouts removes the constraint of having to know the number of messages of a sequence (i.e. the batch size) in advance. Messages must contain a unique sequence number for which a predecessor and a successor is known. For example a message with the sequence number 3 has a predecessor message with the sequence number 2 and a successor message with the sequence number 4. The message sequence 2,3,5 has a gap because the sucessor of 3 is missing. The resequencer therefore has to retain message 5 until message 4 arrives (or a timeout occurs).

If the maximum time difference between messages (with successor/predecessor relationship with respect to the sequence number) in a message stream is known, then the resequencer's timeout parameter should be set to this value. In this case it is guaranteed that all messages of a stream are delivered in correct order to the next processor. The lower the timeout value is compared to the out-of-sequence time difference the higher is the probability for out-of-sequence messages delivered by this resequencer. Large timeout values should be supported by sufficiently high capacity values. The capacity parameter is used to prevent the resequencer from running out of memory.

By default, the stream resequencer expects `long` sequence numbers but other sequence numbers types can be supported as well by providing a custom expression.

or custom comparator via the `comparator()` method

or via a `StreamResequencerConfig` object.

Using the Spring XML Extensions

### Further Examples

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the batch-processing resequencer junit test case and the stream-processing resequencer junit test case

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Composed Message Processor

The Composed Message Processor from the EIP patterns allows you to process a composite message by splitting it up, routing the sub-messages to appropriate destinations and the re-aggregating the responses back into a single message.

In Camel we provide two solutions

- using both a Splitter and Aggregator EIPs
- using only a Splitter

The difference is when using only a Splitter it aggregates back all the splitted messages into the same aggregation group, eg like a fork/join pattern.
Whereas using the Aggregator allows you group into multiple groups, a pattern which provides more options.

Using the splitter alone is often easier and possibly a better solution. So take a look at this first, before involving the aggregator.

### Example using both Splitter and Aggregator

In this example we want to check that a multipart order can be filled. Each part of the order requires a check at a different inventory.

Using the Spring XML Extensions

To do this we split up the order using a Splitter. The Splitter then sends individual `OrderItems` to a Content Based Router which checks the item type. Widget items get sent for checking in the `widgetInventory` bean and gadgets get sent to the `gadgetInventory` bean. Once these `OrderItems` have been validated by the appropriate bean, they are sent on to the Aggregator which collects and re-assembles the validated `OrderItems` into an order again.

When an order is sent it contains a header with the order id. We use this fact when we aggregate, as we configure this `.header("orderId")` on the `aggregate` DSL to instruct Camel to use the header with the key `orderId` as correlation expression.

For full details, check the example source here:

camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/ComposedMessageProcessorTest.java

### Example using only Splitter

In this example we want to split an incoming order using the Splitter eip, transform each order line, and then combine the order lines into a new order message.

Using XML

If you use XML, then the <split> tag offers the strategyRef attribute to refer to your custom `AggregationStrategy`

The bean with the methods to transform the order line and process the order as well:

And the `AggregationStrategy` we use with the Splitter eip to combine the orders back again (eg fork/join):

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Scatter-Gather

The Scatter-Gather from the EIP patterns allows you to route messages to a number of dynamically specified recipients and re-aggregate the responses back into a single message.

#### Dynamic Scatter-Gather Example

In this example we want to get the best quote for beer from several different vendors. We use a dynamic Recipient List to get the request for a quote to all vendors and an Aggregator to pick the best quote out of all the responses. The routes for this are defined as:

So in the first route you see that the Recipient List is looking at the `listOfVendors` header for the list of recipients. So, we need to send a message like

This message will be distributed to the following Endpoints: `bean:vendor1`, `bean:vendor2`, and `bean:vendor3`. These are all beans which look like

and are loaded up in Spring like

Each bean is loaded with a different price for beer. When the message is sent to each bean endpoint, it will arrive at the `MyVendor.getQuote` method. This method does a simple check whether this quote request is for beer and then sets the price of beer on the exchange for retrieval at a later step. The message is forwarded on to the next step using POJO Producing (see the @Produce annotation).

At the next step we want to take the beer quotes from all vendors and find out which one was the best (i.e. the lowest!). To do this we use an Aggregator with a custom aggregation strategy. The Aggregator needs to be able to compare only the messages from this particular quote; this is easily done by specifying a correlationExpression equal to the value of the quoteRequestId header. As shown above in the message sending snippet, we set this header to `quoteRequest-1`. This correlation value should be unique or you may include responses that are not part of this quote. To pick the lowest quote out of the set, we use a custom aggregation strategy like

Finally, we expect to get the lowest quote of $1 out of $1, $2, and $3.

You can find the full example source here:

camel-spring/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/spring/processor/scattergather/
camel-spring/src/test/resources/org/apache/camel/spring/processor/scattergather/scatter-gather.xml

#### Static Scatter-Gather Example

You can lock down which recipients are used in the Scatter-Gather by using a static Recipient List. It looks something like this

A full example of the static Scatter-Gather configuration can be found in the Loan Broker Example.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Routing Slip

The Routing Slip from the EIP patterns allows you to route a message consecutively through a series of processing steps where the sequence of steps is not known at design time and can vary for each message.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`uriDelimiter` | `,` | Delimiter used if the Expression returned multiple endpoints.
`ignoreInvalidEndpoints` | `false` | If an endpoint uri could not be resolved, should it be ignored. Otherwise Camel will throw an exception stating the endpoint uri is not valid.
`cacheSize` | `1000` | Camel 2.13.1/2.12.4: Allows to configure the cache size for the `ProducerCache` which caches producers for reuse in the routing slip. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.

#### Example

The following route will take any messages sent to the Apache ActiveMQ queue SomeQueue and pass them into the Routing Slip pattern.

Messages will be checked for the existance of the "aRoutingSlipHeader" header. The value of this header should be a comma-delimited list of endpoint URIs you wish the message to be routed to. The Message will be routed in a pipeline fashion (i.e. one after the other).

From Camel 2.5 the Routing Slip will set a property (`Exchange.SLIP_ENDPOINT`) on the Exchange which contains the current endpoint as it advanced though the slip. This allows you to know how far we have processed in the slip.

The Routing Slip will compute the slip beforehand which means, the slip is only computed once. If you need to compute the slip on-the-fly then use the Dynamic Router pattern instead.

#### Configuration options

Here we set the header name and the URI delimiter to something different.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

### Ignore invalid endpoints

Available as of Camel 2.3

The Routing Slip now supports `ignoreInvalidEndpoints` which the Recipient List also supports. You can use it to skip endpoints which are invalid.

And in Spring XML its an attribute on the recipient list tag.

Then lets say the `myHeader` contains the following two endpoints `direct:foo,xxx:bar`. The first endpoint is valid and works. However the 2nd is invalid and will just be ignored. Camel logs at INFO level, so you can see why the endpoint was invalid.

### Expression supporting

Available as of Camel 2.4

The Routing Slip now supports to take the expression parameter as the Recipient List does. You can tell Camel the expression that you want to use to get the routing slip.

And in Spring XML its an attribute on the recipient list tag.

#### Further Examples

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the routing slip test cases.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Throttler

The Throttler Pattern allows you to ensure that a specific endpoint does not get overloaded, or that we don't exceed an agreed SLA with some external service.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`maximumRequestsPerPeriod` |  | Maximum number of requests per period to throttle. This option must be provided as a positive number. Notice, in the XML DSL, from Camel 2.8 onwards this option is configured using an Expression instead of an attribute.
`timePeriodMillis` | `1000` | The time period in milliseconds, in which the throttler will allow at most `maximumRequestsPerPeriod` number of messages.
`asyncDelayed` | `false` | Camel 2.4: If enabled then any messages which is delayed happens asynchronously using a scheduled thread pool.
`executorServiceRef` |  | Camel 2.4: Refers to a custom Thread Pool to be used if `asyncDelay` has been enabled.
`callerRunsWhenRejected` | `true` | Camel 2.4: Is used if `asyncDelayed` was enabled. This controls if the caller thread should execute the task if the thread pool rejected the task.
`rejectExecution` | `false` | Camel 2.14: If this option is true, throttler throws a ThrottlerRejectExecutionException when the request rate exceeds the limit.

### Examples

Using the Fluent Builders

So the above example will throttle messages all messages received on seda:a before being sent to mock:result ensuring that a maximum of 3 messages are sent in any 10 second window.

Note that since `timePeriodMillis` defaults to 1000 milliseconds, just setting the `maximumRequestsPerPeriod` has the effect of setting the maximum number of requests per second. So to throttle requests at 100 requests per second between two endpoints, it would look more like this...

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the junit test case

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Camel 2.7.x or older

#### Camel 2.8 onwards

In Camel 2.8 onwards you must set the maximum period as an Expression as shown below where we use a Constant expression:

### Dynamically changing maximum requests per period

Available as of Camel 2.8
Since we use an Expression you can adjust this value at runtime, for example you can provide a header with the value. At runtime Camel evaluates the expression and converts the result to a `java.lang.Long` type. In the example below we use a header from the message to determine the maximum requests per period. If the header is absent, then the Throttler uses the old value. So that allows you to only provide a header if the value is to be changed:

### Asynchronous delaying

Available as of Camel 2.4

You can let the Throttler use non blocking asynchronous delaying, which means Camel will use a scheduler to schedule a task to be executed in the future. The task will then continue routing. This allows the caller thread to not block and be able to service other messages, etc.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Sampling Throttler

Available as of Camel 2.1

A sampling throttler allows you to extract a sample of the exchanges from the traffic through a route.
It is configured with a sampling period during which only a single exchange is allowed to pass through. All other exchanges will be stopped.

Will by default use a sample period of 1 seconds.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`messageFrequency` |  | Samples the message every N'th message. You can only use either frequency or period.
`samplePeriod` | `1` | Samples the message every N'th period. You can only use either frequency or period.
`units` | `SECOND` | Time unit as an enum of `java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit` from the JDK.

### Samples

You use this EIP with the `sample` DSL as show in these samples.

Using the Fluent Builders
These samples also show how you can use the different syntax to configure the sampling period:

Using the Spring XML Extensions
And the same example in Spring XML is:

And since it uses a default of 1 second you can omit this configuration in case you also want to use 1 second

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### See Also

- Throttler
- Aggregator

### Delayer

The Delayer Pattern allows you to delay the delivery of messages to some destination.

The expression is a value in millis to wait from the current time, so the expression should just be `3000`.
However you can use a long value for a fixed value to indicate the delay in millis.
See the Spring DSL samples for Delayer.

Using Delayer in Java DSL

See this ticket: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CAMEL-2654

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`asyncDelayed` | `false` | Camel 2.4: If enabled then delayed messages happens asynchronously using a scheduled thread pool.
`executorServiceRef` |  | Camel 2.4: Refers to a custom Thread Pool to be used if `asyncDelay` has been enabled.
`callerRunsWhenRejected` | `true` | Camel 2.4: Is used if `asyncDelayed` was enabled. This controls if the caller thread should execute the task if the thread pool rejected the task.

Using the Fluent Builders

The example below will delay all messages received on seda:b 1 second before sending them to mock:result.

You can just delay things a fixed amount of time from the point at which the delayer receives the message. For example to delay things 2 seconds

The above assume that the delivery order is maintained and that the messages are delivered in delay order. If you want to reorder the messages based on delivery time, you can use the Resequencer with this pattern. For example

You can of course use many different Expression languages such as XPath, XQuery, SQL or various Scripting Languages. For example to delay the message for the time period specified in the header, use the following syntax:

And to delay processing using the Simple language you can use the following DSL:

#### Spring DSL

The sample below demonstrates the delay in Spring DSL:

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the junit test case

### Asynchronous delaying

Available as of Camel 2.4

You can let the Delayer use non blocking asynchronous delaying, which means Camel will use a scheduler to schedule a task to be executed in the future. The task will then continue routing. This allows the caller thread to not block and be able to service other messages etc.

#### From Java DSL

You use the `asyncDelayed()` to enable the async behavior.

#### From Spring XML

You use the `asyncDelayed="true"` attribute to enable the async behavior.

### Creating a custom delay

You can use an expression to determine when to send a message using something like this

then the bean would look like this...

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### See Also

- Delay Interceptor

### Load Balancer

The Load Balancer Pattern allows you to delegate to one of a number of endpoints using a variety of different load balancing policies.

### Built-in load balancing policies

Camel provides the following policies out-of-the-box:

Policy | Description
--- | ---
Round Robin | The exchanges are selected from in a round robin fashion. This is a well known and classic policy, which spreads the load evenly.
Random | A random endpoint is selected for each exchange.
Sticky | Sticky load balancing using an Expression to calculate a correlation key to perform the sticky load balancing; rather like jsessionid in the web or JMSXGroupID in JMS.
Topic | Topic which sends to all destinations (rather like JMS Topics)
Failover | In case of failures the exchange will be tried on the next endpoint.
Weighted Round-Robin | Camel 2.5: The weighted load balancing policy allows you to specify a processing load distribution ratio for each server with respect to the others. In addition to the weight, endpoint selection is then further refined using round-robin distribution based on weight.
Weighted Random | Camel 2.5: The weighted load balancing policy allows you to specify a processing load distribution ratio for each server with respect to others.In addition to the weight, endpoint selection is then further refined using random distribution based on weight.
Custom | Camel 2.8: From Camel 2.8 onwards the preferred way of using a custom Load Balancer is to use this policy, instead of using the @deprecated `ref` attribute.
Circuit Breaker | Camel 2.14: Implements the Circuit Breaker pattern as described in "Release it!" book.

Load balancing HTTP endpoints

If you are proxying and load balancing HTTP, then see this page for more details.

### Round Robin

The round robin load balancer is not meant to work with failover, for that you should use the dedicated failover load balancer. The round robin load balancer will only change to next endpoint per message.

The round robin load balancer is stateful as it keeps state of which endpoint to use next time.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring configuration

The above example loads balance requests from direct:start to one of the available mock endpoint instances, in this case using a round robin policy.
For further examples of this pattern look at this junit test case

### Failover

The `failover` load balancer is capable of trying the next processor in case an Exchange failed with an `exception` during processing.
You can constrain the `failover` to activate only when one exception of a list you specify occurs. If you do not specify a list any exception will cause fail over to occur. This balancer uses the same strategy for matching exceptions as the Exception Clause does for the onException.

Enable stream caching if using streams

If you use streaming then you should enable Stream caching when using the failover load balancer. This is needed so the stream can be re-read after failing over to the next processor.

Failover offers the following options:

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
inheritErrorHandler | boolean | true | Camel 2.3: Whether or not the Error Handler configured on the route should be used. Disable this if you want failover to transfer immediately to the next endpoint. On the other hand, if you have this option enabled, then Camel will first let the Error Handler try to process the message. The Error Handler may have been configured to redeliver and use delays between attempts. If you have enabled a number of redeliveries then Camel will try to redeliver to the same endpoint, and only fail over to the next endpoint, when the Error Handler is exhausted.
maximumFailoverAttempts | int | -1 | Camel 2.3: A value to indicate after X failover attempts we should exhaust (give up). Use -1 to indicate never give up and continuously try to failover. Use 0 to never failover. And use e.g. 3 to failover at most 3 times before giving up. This option can be used whether or not roundRobin is enabled or not.
roundRobin | boolean | false | Camel 2.3: Whether or not the `failover` load balancer should operate in round robin mode or not. If not, then it will always start from the first endpoint when a new message is to be processed. In other words it restart from the top for every message. If round robin is enabled, then it keeps state and will continue with the next endpoint in a round robin fashion. When using round robin it will not stick to last known good endpoint, it will always pick the next endpoint to use. You can also enable sticky mode together with round robin, if so then it will pick the last known good endpoint to use when starting the load balancing (instead of using the next when starting).
sticky | boolean | false | Camel 2.16: Whether or not the failover load balancer should operate in sticky mode or not. If not, then it will always start from the first endpoint when a new message is to be processed. In other words it restart from the top for every message. If sticky is enabled, then it keeps state and will continue with the last known good endpoint. You can also enable sticky mode together with round robin, if so then it will pick the last known good endpoint to use when starting the load balancing (instead of using the next when starting).

Camel 2.2 or older behavior
The current implementation of failover load balancer uses simple logic which always tries the first endpoint, and in case of an exception being thrown it tries the next in the list, and so forth. It has no state, and the next message will thus always start with the first endpoint.

Camel 2.3 onwards behavior
The `failover` load balancer now supports round robin mode, which allows you to failover in a round robin fashion. See the `roundRobin` option.

Redelivery must be enabled

In Camel 2.2 or older the failover load balancer requires you have enabled Camel Error Handler to use redelivery. In Camel 2.3 onwards this is not required as such, as you can mix and match. See the `inheritErrorHandler` option.

Here is a sample to failover only if a `IOException` related exception was thrown:

You can specify multiple exceptions to failover as the option is varargs, for instance:

#### Using failover in Spring DSL

Failover can also be used from Spring DSL and you configure it as:

#### Using failover in round robin mode

An example using Java DSL:

And the same example using Spring XML:

Disabled inheritErrorHandler

You can configure `inheritErrorHandler=false` if you want to failover to the next endpoint as fast as possible. By disabling the Error Handler you ensure it does not intervene which allows the `failover` load balancer to handle failover asap. By also enabling `roundRobin` mode, then it will keep retrying until it success. You can then configure the `maximumFailoverAttempts` option to a high value to let it eventually exhaust (give up) and fail.

### Weighted Round-Robin and Random Load Balancing

Available as of Camel 2.5

In many enterprise environments where server nodes of unequal processing power & performance characteristics are utilized to host services and processing endpoints, it is frequently necessary to distribute processing load based on their individual server capabilities so that some endpoints are not unfairly burdened with requests. Obviously simple round-robin or random load balancing do not alleviate problems of this nature. A Weighted Round-Robin and/or Weighted Random load balancer can be used to address this problem.

The weighted load balancing policy allows you to specify a processing load distribution ratio for each server with respect to others. You can specify this as a positive processing weight for each server. A larger number indicates that the server can handle a larger load. The weight is utilized to determine the payload distribution ratio to different processing endpoints with respect to others.

Disabled inheritErrorHandler

As of Camel 2.6, the Weighted Load balancer usage has been further simplified, there is no need to send in distributionRatio as a List<Integer>. It can be simply sent as a delimited String of integer weights separated by a delimiter of choice.

The parameters that can be used are

In Camel 2.5

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
roundRobin | boolean | false | The default value for round-robin is false. In the absence of this setting or parameter the load balancing algorithm used is random.
distributionRatio | List<Integer> | none | The distributionRatio is a list consisting on integer weights passed in as a parameter. The distributionRatio must match the number of endpoints and/or processors specified in the load balancer list. In Camel 2.5 if endpoints do not match ratios, then a best effort distribution is attempted.

Available In Camel 2.6

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
roundRobin | boolean | false | The default value for round-robin is false. In the absence of this setting or parameter the load balancing algorithm used is random.
distributionRatio | String | none | The distributionRatio is a delimited String consisting on integer weights separated by delimiters for example "2,3,5". The distributionRatio must match the number of endpoints and/or processors specified in the load balancer list.
distributionRatioDelimiter | String | , | The distributionRatioDelimiter is the delimiter used to specify the distributionRatio. If this attribute is not specified a default delimiter "," is expected as the delimiter used for specifying the distributionRatio.

#### Using Weighted round-robin & random load balancing

In Camel 2.5

An example using Java DSL:

And the same example using Spring XML:

Available In Camel 2.6

An example using Java DSL:

And the same example using Spring XML:

### Custom Load Balancer

You can use a custom load balancer (eg your own implementation) also.

An example using Java DSL:

And the same example using XML DSL:
Notice in the XML DSL above we use <custom> which is only available in Camel 2.8 onwards. In older releases you would have to do as follows instead:

To implement a custom load balancer you can extend some support classes such as `LoadBalancerSupport` and `SimpleLoadBalancerSupport`. The former supports the asynchronous routing engine, and the latter does not. Here is an example:

Custom load balancer implementation

### Circuit Breaker

The Circuit Breaker load balancer is a stateful pattern that monitors all calls for certain exceptions. Initially the Circuit Breaker is in closed state and passes all messages. If there are failures and the threshold is reached, it moves to open state and rejects all calls until halfOpenAfter timeout is reached. After this timeout is reached, if there is a new call, it will pass and if the result is success the Circuit Breaker will move to closed state, or to open state if there was an error.

An example using Java DSL:

And the same example using Spring XML:

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Multicast

The Multicast allows to route the same message to a number of endpoints and process them in a different way. The main difference between the Multicast and Splitter is that Splitter will split the message into several pieces but the Multicast will not modify the request message.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`strategyRef` |  | Refers to an AggregationStrategy to be used to assemble the replies from the multicasts, into a single outgoing message from the Multicast. By default Camel will use the last reply as the outgoing message. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can also use a POJO as the `AggregationStrategy`, see the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodName` |  | Camel 2.12: This option can be used to explicit declare the method name to use, when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodAllowNull` | `false` | Camel 2.12: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used if there was no data to enrich. If this option is `true` then `null` values is used as the `oldExchange` (when no data to enrich), when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`parallelProcessing` | `false` | If enabled then sending messages to the multicasts occurs concurrently. Note the caller thread will still wait until all messages has been fully processed, before it continues. Its only the sending and processing the replies from the multicasts which happens concurrently. |
`parallelAggregate` | `false` | Camel 2.14: If enabled then the `aggregate` method on `AggregationStrategy` can be called concurrently. Notice that this would require the implementation of `AggregationStrategy` to be implemented as thread-safe. By default this is `false` meaning that Camel synchronizes the call to the `aggregate` method. Though in some use-cases this can be used to archive higher performance when the `AggregationStrategy` is implemented as thread-safe.
`executorServiceRef` |  | Refers to a custom Thread Pool to be used for parallel processing. Notice if you set this option, then parallel processing is automatic implied, and you do not have to enable that option as well.
`stopOnException` | `false` | Camel 2.2: Whether or not to stop continue processing immediately when an exception occurred. If disable, then Camel will send the message to all multicasts regardless if one of them failed. You can deal with exceptions in the AggregationStrategy class where you have full control how to handle that.
`streaming` | `false` | If enabled then Camel will process replies out-of-order, eg in the order they come back. If disabled, Camel will process replies in the same order as multicasted.
`timeout` |  | Camel 2.5: Sets a total timeout specified in millis. If the Multicast hasn't been able to send and process all replies within the given timeframe, then the timeout triggers and the Multicast breaks out and continues. Notice if you provide a TimeoutAwareAggregationStrategy then the `timeout` method is invoked before breaking out. If the timeout is reached with running tasks still remaining, certain tasks for which it is difficult for Camel to shut down in a graceful manner may continue to run. So use this option with a bit of care. We may be able to improve this functionality in future Camel releases.
`onPrepareRef` |  | Camel 2.8: Refers to a custom Processor to prepare the copy of the Exchange each multicast will receive. This allows you to do any custom logic, such as deep-cloning the message payload if that's needed etc.
`shareUnitOfWork` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Whether the unit of work should be shared. See the same option on Splitter for more details.

#### Example

The following example shows how to take a request from the direct:a endpoint , then multicast these request to direct:x, direct:y, direct:z.

Using the Fluent Builders

By default Multicast invokes each endpoint sequentially. If parallel processing is desired, simply use

In case of using InOut MEP, an AggregationStrategy is used for aggregating all reply messages. The default is to only use the latest reply message and discard any earlier replies. The aggregation strategy is configurable:

### Stop processing in case of exception

Available as of Camel 2.1

The Multicast will by default continue to process the entire Exchange even in case one of the multicasted messages will thrown an exception during routing.
For example if you want to multicast to 3 destinations and the 2nd destination fails by an exception. What Camel does by default is to process the remainder destinations. You have the chance to remedy or handle this in the `AggregationStrategy`.

But sometimes you just want Camel to stop and let the exception be propagated back, and let the Camel error handler handle it. You can do this in Camel 2.1 by specifying that it should stop in case of an exception occurred. This is done by the `stopOnException` option as shown below:

And using XML DSL you specify it as follows:

### Using onPrepare to execute custom logic when preparing messages

Available as of Camel 2.8

The Multicast will copy the source Exchange and multicast each copy. However the copy is a shallow copy, so in case you have mutateable message bodies, then any changes will be visible by the other copied messages. If you want to use a deep clone copy then you need to use a custom `onPrepare` which allows you to do this using the Processor interface.

Notice the `onPrepare` can be used for any kind of custom logic which you would like to execute before the Exchange is being multicasted.

Design for immutable

Its best practice to design for immutable objects.

For example if you have a mutable message body as this Animal class:

Animal

Then we can create a deep clone processor which clones the message body:

AnimalDeepClonePrepare

Then we can use the AnimalDeepClonePrepare class in the Multicast route using the `onPrepare` option as shown:

Multicast using onPrepare

And the same example in XML DSL

Multicast using onPrepare

Notice the `onPrepare` option is also available on other EIPs such as Splitter, Recipient List, and Wire Tap.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Loop

The Loop allows for processing a message a number of times, possibly in a different way for each iteration. Useful mostly during testing.

Default mode

Notice by default the loop uses the same exchange throughout the looping. So the result from the previous iteration will be used for the next (eg Pipes And Filters). From Camel 2.8 onwards you can enable copy mode instead. See the options table for more details.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`copy` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Whether or not copy mode is used. If `false` then the same Exchange will be used for each iteration. So the result from the previous iteration will be visible for the next iteration. Instead you can enable copy mode, and then each iteration restarts with a fresh copy of the input Exchange.

### Exchange properties

For each iteration two properties are set on the `Exchange`. Processors can rely on these properties to process the Message in different ways.

Property | Description
--- | ---
`CamelLoopSize` | Total number of loops
`CamelLoopIndex` | Index of the current iteration (0 based)

#### Examples

The following example shows how to take a request from the direct:x endpoint, then send the message repetitively to mock:result. The number of times the message is sent is either passed as an argument to `loop()`, or determined at runtime by evaluating an expression. The expression must evaluate to an `int`, otherwise a `RuntimeCamelException` is thrown.

Using the Fluent Builders

Pass loop count as an argument

Use expression to determine loop count

Use expression to determine loop count

Using the Spring XML Extensions

Pass loop count as an argument

Use expression to determine loop count

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at one of the junit test case

#### Using copy mode

Available as of Camel 2.8

Now suppose we send a message to "direct:start" endpoint containing the letter A.
The output of processing this route will be that, each "mock:loop" endpoint will receive "AB" as message.

However if we do not enable copy mode then "mock:loop" will receive "AB", "ABB", "ABBB", etc. messages.

The equivalent example in XML DSL in copy mode is as follows:

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Message Transformation

### Content Enricher

Camel supports the Content Enricher from the EIP patterns using a Message Translator, an arbitrary Processor in the routing logic, or using the enrich DSL element to enrich the message.

#### Content enrichment using a Message Translator or a Processor

Using the Fluent Builders

You can use Templating to consume a message from one destination, transform it with something like Velocity or XQuery, and then send it on to another destination. For example using InOnly (one way messaging)

If you want to use InOut (request-reply) semantics to process requests on the My.Queue queue on ActiveMQ with a template generated response, then sending responses back to the JMSReplyTo Destination you could use this:

Here is a simple example using the DSL directly to transform the message body

In this example we add our own Processor using explicit Java code
Finally we can use Bean Integration to use any Java method on any bean to act as the transformer

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at one of the JUnit tests

- TransformTest
- TransformViaDSLTest

Using Spring XML

### Content enrichment using the `enrich` DSL element

Camel comes with two flavors of content enricher in the DSL

- `enrich`
- `pollEnrich`

`enrich` uses a `Producer` to obtain the additional data. It is usually used for Request Reply messaging, for instance to invoke an external web service.
`pollEnrich` on the other hand uses a Polling Consumer to obtain the additional data. It is usually used for Event Message messaging, for instance to read a file or download a FTP file.

Camel 2.15 or older - Data from current Exchange not used

`pollEnrich` or `enrich` does not access any data from the current Exchange which means when polling it cannot use any of the existing headers you may have set on the Exchange. For example you cannot set a filename in the `Exchange.FILE_NAME` header and use `pollEnrich` to consume only that file. For that you must set the filename in the endpoint URI.

Instead of using `enrich` you can use Recipient List and have dynamic endpoints and define an `AggregationStrategy` on the Recipient List which then would work as a `enrich` would do.

pollEnrich only accept one message as response. That means that if you target to enrich your original message with the enricher collecting messages from a seda, ... components using an aggregation strategy. Only one response message will be aggregated with the original message.

From Camel 2.16 onwards both enrich and pollEnrich supports dynamic endpoints that uses an Expression to compute the uri, which allows to use data from the current Exchange. In other words all what is told above no longer apply and it just works.

### Enrich Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`uri` |  | The endpoint uri for the external service to enrich from. You must use either `uri` or `ref`. Important: From Camel 2.16 onwards, this option is removed, and you use an Expression to configure the uri, such as Simple or Constant or any other dynamic language that can compute the uri dynamically using values from the current Exchange.
`ref` |  | Refers to the endpoint for the external service to enrich from. You must use either `uri` or `ref`. Important: From Camel 2.16 onwards, this option is removed, and you use an Expression to configure the uri, such as Simple or Constant or any other dynamic language that can compute the uri dynamically using values from the current Exchange.
expression |  | Camel 2.16: Mandatory. The Expression to configure the uri, such as Simple or Constant or any other dynamic language that can compute the uri dynamically using values from the current Exchange.
`strategyRef` |  | Refers to an AggregationStrategy to be used to merge the reply from the external service, into a single outgoing message. By default Camel will use the reply from the external service as outgoing message. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can also use a POJO as the `AggregationStrategy`, see the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodName` |  | Camel 2.12: This option can be used to explicit declare the method name to use, when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodAllowNull` | `false` | Camel 2.12: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used if there was no data to enrich. If this option is `true` then `null` values is used as the `oldExchange` (when no data to enrich), when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`aggregateOnException` | `false` | Camel 2.14: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used if there was an exception thrown while trying to retrieve the data to enrich from the resource. Setting this option to `true` allows end users to control what to do if there was an exception in the `aggregate` method. For example to suppress the exception or set a custom message body etc.
`shareUnitOfWork` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Shares the unit of work with the parent and the resource exchange. Enrich will by default not share unit of work between the parent exchange and the resource exchange. This means the resource exchange has its own individual unit of work. See Splitter for more information and example.
`cacheSize` |  | Camel 2.16: Allows to configure the cache size for the `ProducerCache` which caches producers for reuse in the enrich. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.
`ignoreInvalidEndpoint` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Whether to ignore an endpoint URI that could not be resolved. If disabled, Camel will throw an exception identifying the invalid endpoint URI.

Using the Fluent Builders

The content enricher (`enrich`) retrieves additional data from a resource endpoint in order to enrich an incoming message (contained in the original exchange). An aggregation strategy is used to combine the original exchange and the resource exchange. The first parameter of the `AggregationStrategy.aggregate(Exchange, Exchange)` method corresponds to the the original exchange, the second parameter the resource exchange. The results from the resource endpoint are stored in the resource exchange's out-message. Here's an example template for implementing an aggregation strategy:

Using this template the original exchange can be of any pattern. The resource exchange created by the enricher is always an in-out exchange.

Using Spring XML

The same example in the Spring DSL (Camel 2.15 or older)

The same example in the Spring DSL (Camel 2.16 or newer)

#### Aggregation strategy is optional

The aggregation strategy is optional. If you do not provide it Camel will by default just use the body obtained from the resource.

In the route above the message sent to the `direct:result` endpoint will contain the output from the `direct:resource` as we do not use any custom aggregation.

And for Spring DSL (Camel 2.15 or older) just omit the `strategyRef` attribute:

And for Spring DSL (Camel 2.16 or newer) just omit the `strategyRef` attribute:

### Using dynamic uris

Available as of Camel 2.16

From Camel 2.16 onwards enrich and pollEnrich supports using dynamic uris computed based on information from the current Exchange. For example to enrich from a HTTP endpoint where the header with key orderId is used as part of the content-path of the HTTP url:

And in XML DSL

### Content enrichment using `pollEnrich`

The `pollEnrich` works just as the `enrich` however as it uses a Polling Consumer we have 3 methods when polling

- receive
- receiveNoWait
- receive(timeout)

### PollEnrich Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`uri` |  | The endpoint uri for the external service to enrich from. You must use either `uri` or `ref`. Important: From Camel 2.16 onwards, this option is removed, and you use an Expression to configure the uri, such as Simple or Constant or any other dynamic language that can compute the uri dynamically using values from the current Exchange.
`ref` |  | Refers to the endpoint for the external service to enrich from. You must use either `uri` or `ref`. Important: From Camel 2.16 onwards, this option is removed, and you use an Expression to configure the uri, such as Simple or Constant or any other dynamic language that can compute the uri dynamically using values from the current Exchange.
`expression` |  | Camel 2.16: Mandatory. The Expression to configure the uri, such as Simple or Constant or any other dynamic language that can compute the uri dynamically using values from the current Exchange.
`strategyRef` |  | Refers to an AggregationStrategy to be used to merge the reply from the external service, into a single outgoing message. By default Camel will use the reply from the external service as outgoing message. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can also use a POJO as the `AggregationStrategy`, see the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodName` |  | Camel 2.12: This option can be used to explicit declare the method name to use, when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`strategyMethodAllowNull` | `false` | Camel 2.12: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used if there was no data to enrich. If this option is `true` then `null` values is used as the `oldExchange` (when no data to enrich), when using POJOs as the `AggregationStrategy`. See the Aggregate page for more details.
`timeout` | `-1` | Timeout in millis when polling from the external service. See below for important details about the timeout.
`aggregateOnException` | `false` | Camel 2.14: If this option is `false` then the aggregate method is not used if there was an exception thrown while trying to retrieve the data to enrich from the resource. Setting this option to `true` allows end users to control what to do if there was an exception in the `aggregate` method. For example to suppress the exception or set a custom message body etc.
`cacheSize` |  | Camel 2.16: Allows to configure the cache size for the `ConsumerCache` which caches consumers for reuse in the pollEnrich. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.
`ignoreInvalidEndpoint` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Whether to ignore an endpoint URI that could not be resolved. If disabled, Camel will throw an exception identifying the invalid endpoint URI.

Good practice to use timeout value

By default Camel will use the `receive`. Which may block until there is a message available. It is therefore recommended to always provide a timeout value, to make this clear that we may wait for a message, until the timeout is hit.

If there is no data then the `newExchange` in the aggregation strategy is `null`.

You can pass in a timeout value that determines which method to use

- if timeout is -1 or other negative number then `receive` is selected (Important: the `receive` method may block if there is no message)
- if timeout is 0 then `receiveNoWait` is selected
- otherwise `receive(timeout)` is selected

The timeout values is in millis.

Camel 2.15 or older - Data from current Exchange not used

`pollEnrich` does not access any data from the current Exchange which means when polling it cannot use any of the existing headers you may have set on the Exchange. For example you cannot set a filename in the `Exchange.FILE_NAME` header and use `pollEnrich` to consume only that file. For that you must set the filename in the endpoint URI.

From Camel 2.16 onwards both enrich and pollEnrich supports dynamic endpoints that uses an Expression to compute the uri, which allows to use data from the current Exchange. In other words all what is told above no longer apply and it just works.

#### Example

In this example we enrich the message by loading the content from the file named inbox/data.txt.

And in XML DSL (Camel 2.15 or older) you do:

And in XML DSL (Camel 2.16 or newer) you do:

If there is no file then the message is empty. We can use a timeout to either wait (potentially forever) until a file exists, or use a timeout to wait a certain period.

For example to wait up to 5 seconds you can do (Camel 2.15 or older):

For example to wait up to 5 seconds you can do (Camel 2.16 or newer):

### Using dynamic uris

Available as of Camel 2.16

From Camel 2.16 onwards enrich and pollEnrich supports using dynamic uris computed based on information from the current Exchange. For example to pollEnrich from an endpoint that uses a header to indicate a SEDA queue name:

And in XML DSL

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Content Filter

Camel supports the Content Filter from the EIP patterns using one of the following mechanisms in the routing logic to transform content from the inbound message.

- Message Translator
- invoking a Java bean
- Processor object

A common way to filter messages is to use an Expression in the DSL like XQuery, SQL or one of the supported Scripting Languages.

Using the Fluent Builders

Here is a simple example using the DSL directly

In this example we add our own Processor

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at one of the JUnit tests

- TransformTest
- TransformViaDSLTest

Using Spring XML

You can also use XPath to filter out part of the message you are interested in:

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Claim Check

The Claim Check from the EIP patterns allows you to replace message content with a claim check (a unique key), which can be used to retrieve the message content at a later time. The message content is stored temporarily in a persistent store like a database or file system. This pattern is very useful when message content is very large (thus it would be expensive to send around) and not all components require all information.

It can also be useful in situations where you cannot trust the information with an outside party; in this case, you can use the Claim Check to hide the sensitive portions of data.

#### Example

In this example we want to replace a message body with a claim check, and restore the body at a later step.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

The example route is pretty simple - its just a Pipeline. In a real application you would have some other steps where the `mock:testCheckpoint` endpoint is in the example.

The message is first sent to the `checkLuggage` bean which looks like

This bean stores the message body into the data store, using the `custId` as the claim check. In this example, we're just using a `HashMap` to store the message body; in a real application you would use a database or file system, etc. Next the claim check is added as a message header for use later. Finally we remove the body from the message and pass it down the pipeline.

The next step in the pipeline is the `mock:testCheckpoint` endpoint which is just used to check that the message body is removed, claim check added, etc.

To add the message body back into the message, we use the `dataEnricher` bean which looks like

This bean queries the data store using the claim check as the key and then adds the data back into the message. The message body is then removed from the data store and finally the claim check is removed. Now the message is back to what we started with!

For full details, check the example source here:

camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/ClaimCheckTest.java

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Normalizer

Camel supports the Normalizer from the EIP patterns by using a Message Router in front of a number of Message Translator instances.

#### Example

This example shows a Message Normalizer that converts two types of XML messages into a common format. Messages in this common format are then filtered.

Using the Fluent Builders

In this case we're using a Java bean as the normalizer. The class looks like this

Using the Spring XML Extensions

The same example in the Spring DSL

#### See Also

- Message Router
- Content Based Router
- Message Translator

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Sort

Sort can be used to sort a message. Imagine you consume text files and before processing each file you want to be sure the content is sorted.

Sort will by default sort the body using a default comparator that handles numeric values or uses the string representation. You can provide your own comparator, and even an expression to return the value to be sorted. Sort requires the value returned from the expression evaluation is convertible to `java.util.List` as this is required by the JDK sort operation.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`comparatorRef` |  | Refers to a custom `java.util.Comparator` to use for sorting the message body. Camel will by default use a comparator which does a A..Z sorting.

### Using from Java DSL

In the route below it will read the file content and tokenize by line breaks so each line can be sorted.

You can pass in your own comparator as a 2nd argument:

### Using from Spring DSL

In the route below it will read the file content and tokenize by line breaks so each line can be sorted.

Camel 2.7 or better
Camel 2.6 or older

And to use our own comparator we can refer to it as a spring bean:

Camel 2.7 or better
Camel 2.6 or older

Besides `<simple>`, you can supply an expression using any language you like, so long as it returns a list.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Messaging Endpoints

### Messaging Mapper

Camel supports the Messaging Mapper from the EIP patterns by using either Message Translator pattern or the Type Converter module.

#### Example

The following example demonstrates the use of a Bean component to map between two messaging system

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### See also

- Message Translator
- Type Converter
- CXF for JAX-WS support for binding business logic to messaging & web services
- Pojo
- Bean

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Event Driven Consumer

Camel supports the Event Driven Consumer from the EIP patterns. The default consumer model is event based (i.e. asynchronous) as this means that the Camel container can then manage pooling, threading and concurrency for you in a declarative manner.

The Event Driven Consumer is implemented by consumers implementing the Processor interface which is invoked by the Message Endpoint when a Message is available for processing.

#### Example

The following demonstrates a Processor defined in the Camel Registry which is invoked when an event occurs from a JMS queue

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

For more details see

- Message
- Message Endpoint

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Polling Consumer

Camel supports implementing the Polling Consumer from the EIP patterns using the PollingConsumer interface which can be created via the Endpoint.createPollingConsumer() method.

So in your Java code you can do

The `ConsumerTemplate` (discussed below) is also available.

There are 3 main polling methods on PollingConsumer

Method name | Description
--- | ---
receive() | Waits until a message is available and then returns it; potentially blocking forever
receive(long) | Attempts to receive a message exchange, waiting up to the given timeout and returning null if no message exchange could be received within the time available
receiveNoWait() | Attempts to receive a message exchange immediately without waiting and returning null if a message exchange is not available yet

### EventDrivenPollingConsumer Options

The EventDrivePollingConsumer (the default implementation) supports the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`pollingConsumerQueueSize` | `1000` | Camel 2.14/2.13.1/2.12.4: The queue size for the internal handoff queue between the polling consumer, and producers sending data into the queue.
`pollingConsumerBlockWhenFull` | `true` | Camel 2.14/2.13.1/2.12/4: Whether to block any producer if the internal queue is full.
`pollingConsumerBlockTimeout` | 0 | Camel 2.16: To use a timeout when the producer is blocked if the internal queue is full. The timeout value is in milli seconds. If the value is 0 or negative then no timeout is in use. If a timeout is triggered then a ExchangeTimedOutException is thrown.

Notice that some Camel Components has their own implementation of `PollingConsumer` and therefore do not support the options above.

You can configure these options in endpoints URIs, such as shown below:

### ConsumerTemplate

The `ConsumerTemplate` is a template much like Spring's JmsTemplate or JdbcTemplate supporting the Polling Consumer EIP. With the template you can consume Exchanges from an Endpoint.

The template supports the 3 operations above, but also including convenient methods for returning the body, etc `consumeBody`.
The example from above using ConsumerTemplate is:

Or to extract and get the body you can do:

And you can provide the body type as a parameter and have it returned as the type:

You get hold of a `ConsumerTemplate` from the `CamelContext` with the `createConsumerTemplate` operation:

#### Using ConsumerTemplate with Spring DSL

With the Spring DSL we can declare the consumer in the CamelContext with the consumerTemplate tag, just like the ProducerTemplate. The example below illustrates this:

Then we can get leverage Spring to inject the `ConsumerTemplate` in our java class. The code below is part of an unit test but it shows how the consumer and producer can work together.

#### Timer based polling consumer

In this sample we use a Timer to schedule a route to be started every 5th second and invoke our bean MyCoolBean where we implement the business logic for the Polling Consumer. Here we want to consume all messages from a JMS queue, process the message and send them to the next queue.

First we setup our route as:

And then we have out logic in our bean:

### Scheduled Poll Components

Quite a few inbound Camel endpoints use a scheduled poll pattern to receive messages and push them through the Camel processing routes. That is to say externally from the client the endpoint appears to use an Event Driven Consumer but internally a scheduled poll is used to monitor some kind of state or resource and then fire message exchanges.

Since this a such a common pattern, polling components can extend the ScheduledPollConsumer base class which makes it simpler to implement this pattern.

There is also the Quartz Component which provides scheduled delivery of messages using the Quartz enterprise scheduler.

For more details see:

- PollingConsumer
- Scheduled Polling Components
  - ScheduledPollConsumer
  - Scheduler
  - Atom
  - Beanstalk
  - File
  - FTP
  - hbase
  - iBATIS
  - JPA
  - Mail
  - MyBatis
  - Quartz
  - SNMP
  - AWS-S3
  - AWS-SQS

### ScheduledPollConsumer Options

The ScheduledPollConsumer supports the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`pollStrategy` |  | A pluggable `org.apache.camel.PollingConsumerPollingStrategy` allowing you to provide your custom implementation to control error handling usually occurred during the `poll` operation before an Exchange have been created and being routed in Camel. In other words the error occurred while the polling was gathering information, for instance access to a file network failed so Camel cannot access it to scan for files. The default implementation will log the caused exception at `WARN` level and ignore it.
`sendEmptyMessageWhenIdle` | `false` | Camel 2.9: If the polling consumer did not poll any files, you can enable this option to send an empty message (no body) instead.
`startScheduler` | `true` | Whether the scheduler should be auto started.
`initialDelay` | `1000` | Milliseconds before the first poll starts.
`delay` | `500` | Milliseconds before the next poll.
`useFixedDelay` |  | Controls if fixed delay or fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details. In Camel 2.7.x or older the default value is `false`. From Camel 2.8 onwards the default value is `true`.
`timeUnit` | `TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS` | time unit for `initialDelay` and `delay` options.
`runLoggingLevel` | `TRACE` | Camel 2.8: The consumer logs a start/complete log line when it polls. This option allows you to configure the logging level for that.
`scheduledExecutorService` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Allows for configuring a custom/shared thread pool to use for the consumer. By default each consumer has its own single threaded thread pool. This option allows you to share a thread pool among multiple consumers.
`greedy` | `false` | Camel 2.10.6/2.11.1: If greedy is enabled, then the ScheduledPollConsumer will run immediately again, if the previous run polled 1 or more messages.
`scheduler` | `null` | Camel 2.12: Allow to plugin a custom `org.apache.camel.spi.ScheduledPollConsumerScheduler` to use as the scheduler for firing when the polling consumer runs. The default implementation uses the `ScheduledExecutorService` and there is a Quartz2, and Spring based which supports CRON expressions. Notice: If using a custom scheduler then the options for `initialDelay`, `useFixedDelay`, `timeUnit`, and `scheduledExecutorService` may not be in use. Use the text `quartz2` to refer to use the Quartz2 scheduler; and use the text `spring` to use the Spring based; and use the text `#myScheduler` to refer to a custom scheduler by its id in the Registry. See Quartz2 page for an example.
`scheduler.xxx` | `null` | Camel 2.12: To configure additional properties when using a custom `scheduler` or any of the Quartz2, Spring based scheduler.
`backoffMultiplier` | `0` | Camel 2.12: To let the scheduled polling consumer backoff if there has been a number of subsequent idles/errors in a row. The multiplier is then the number of polls that will be skipped before the next actual attempt is happening again. When this option is in use then `backoffIdleThreshold` and/or `backoffErrorThreshold` must also be configured.
`backoffIdleThreshold` | `0` | Camel 2.12: The number of subsequent idle polls that should happen before the `backoffMultipler` should kick-in.
`backoffErrorThreshold` | `0` | Camel 2.12: The number of subsequent error polls (failed due some error) that should happen before the `backoffMultipler` should kick-in.

### Using backoff to let the scheduler be less aggressive

Available as of Camel 2.12

The scheduled Polling Consumer is by default static by using the same poll frequency whether or not there is messages to pickup or not. From Camel 2.12 onwards you can configure the scheduled Polling Consumer to be more dynamic by using backoff. This allows the scheduler to skip N number of polls when it becomes idle, or there has been X number of errors in a row. See more details in the table above for the `backoffXXX` options.

For example to let a FTP consumer backoff if its becoming idle for a while you can do:

In this example, the FTP consumer will poll for new FTP files evert 5th second. But if it has been idle for 5 attempts in a row, then it will
backoff using a multiplier of 6, which means it will now poll every 5 x 6 = 30th second instead. When the consumer eventually pickup a file, then the backoff will reset, and the consumer will go back and poll every 5th second again.

Camel will log at `DEBUG` level using `org.apache.camel.impl.ScheduledPollConsumer` when backoff is kicking-in.

### About error handling and scheduled polling consumers

ScheduledPollConsumer is scheduled based and its `run` method is invoked periodically based on schedule settings. But errors can also occur when a poll is being executed. For instance if Camel should poll a file network, and this network resource is not available then a `java.io.IOException` could occur. As this error happens before any Exchange has been created and prepared for routing, then the regular Error handling in Camel does not apply. So what does the consumer do then? Well the exception is propagated back to the `run` method where its handled. Camel will by default log the exception at `WARN` level and then ignore it. At next schedule the error could have been resolved and thus being able to poll the endpoint successfully.

### Using a custom scheduler

Available as of Camel 2.12:

The SPI interface `org.apache.camel.spi.ScheduledPollConsumerScheduler` allows to implement a custom scheduler to control when the Polling Consumer runs. The default implementation is based on the JDKs `ScheduledExecutorService` with a single thread in the thread pool. There is a CRON based implementation in the Quartz2, and Spring components.

For an example of developing and using a custom scheduler, see the unit test `org.apache.camel.component.file.FileConsumerCustomSchedulerTest` from the source code in `camel-core`.

#### Controlling the error handling using PollingConsumerPollStrategy

`org.apache.camel.PollingConsumerPollStrategy` is a pluggable strategy that you can configure on the `ScheduledPollConsumer`. The default implementation `org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultPollingConsumerPollStrategy` will log the caused exception at `WARN` level and then ignore this issue.

The strategy interface provides the following 3 methods

- begin
  - `void begin(Consumer consumer, Endpoint endpoint)`
- begin (Camel 2.3)
  - `boolean begin(Consumer consumer, Endpoint endpoint)`
- commit
  - `void commit(Consumer consumer, Endpoint endpoint)`
- commit (Camel 2.6)
  - `void commit(Consumer consumer, Endpoint endpoint, int polledMessages)`
- rollback
  - `boolean rollback(Consumer consumer, Endpoint endpoint, int retryCounter, Exception e) throws Exception`

In Camel 2.3 onwards the begin method returns a boolean which indicates whether or not to skipping polling. So you can implement your custom logic and return `false` if you do not want to poll this time.

In Camel 2.6 onwards the commit method has an additional parameter containing the number of message that was actually polled. For example if there was no messages polled, the value would be zero, and you can react accordingly.

The most interesting is the `rollback` as it allows you do handle the caused exception and decide what to do.

For instance if we want to provide a retry feature to a scheduled consumer we can implement the `PollingConsumerPollStrategy` method and put the retry logic in the `rollback` method. Lets just retry up till 3 times:

Notice that we are given the `Consumer` as a parameter. We could use this to restart the consumer as we can invoke stop and start:

Notice: If you implement the `begin` operation make sure to avoid throwing exceptions as in such a case the `poll` operation is not invoked and Camel will invoke the `rollback` directly.

#### Configuring an Endpoint to use `PollingConsumerPollStrategy`

To configure an Endpoint to use a custom `PollingConsumerPollStrategy` you use the option `pollStrategy`. For example in the file consumer below we want to use our custom strategy defined in the Registry with the bean id `myPoll`:

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### See Also

- POJO Consuming
- Batch Consumer

### Competing Consumers

Camel supports the Competing Consumers from the EIP patterns using a few different components.

You can use the following components to implement competing consumers:-

- Seda for SEDA based concurrent processing using a thread pool
- JMS for distributed SEDA based concurrent processing with queues which support reliable load balancing, failover and clustering.

### Enabling Competing Consumers with JMS

To enable Competing Consumers you just need to set the concurrentConsumers property on the JMS endpoint.

For example

or in Spring DSL

Or just run multiple JVMs of any ActiveMQ or JMS route

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Message Dispatcher

Camel supports the Message Dispatcher from the EIP patterns using various approaches.

You can use a component like JMS with selectors to implement a Selective Consumer as the Message Dispatcher implementation. Or you can use an Endpoint as the Message Dispatcher itself and then use a Content Based Router as the Message Dispatcher.

#### Example

The following example demonstrates Message Dispatcher pattern using the Competing Consumers functionality of the JMS component to offload messages to a Content Based Router and custom Processors registered in the Camel Registry running in separate threads from originating consumer.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### See Also

- JMS
- Selective Consumer
- Content Based Router
- Endpoint

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Selective Consumer

The Selective Consumer from the EIP patterns can be implemented in two ways

The first solution is to provide a Message Selector to the underlying URIs when creating your consumer. For example when using JMS you can specify a selector parameter so that the message broker will only deliver messages matching your criteria.

The other approach is to use a Message Filter which is applied; then if the filter matches the message your consumer is invoked as shown in the following example

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Durable Subscriber

Camel supports the Durable Subscriber from the EIP patterns using the JMS component which supports publish & subscribe using Topics with support for non-durable and durable subscribers.

Another alternative is to combine the Message Dispatcher or Content Based Router with File or JPA components for durable subscribers then something like Seda for non-durable.

Here is a simple example of creating durable subscribers to a JMS topic

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

Here is another example of JMS durable subscribers, but this time using virtual topics (recommended by AMQ over durable subscriptions)

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### See Also

- JMS
- File
- JPA
- Message Dispatcher
- Selective Consumer
- Content Based Router
- Endpoint

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Idempotent Consumer

The Idempotent Consumer from the EIP patterns is used to filter out duplicate messages.

This pattern is implemented using the IdempotentConsumer class. This uses an Expression to calculate a unique message ID string for a given message exchange; this ID can then be looked up in the IdempotentRepository to see if it has been seen before; if it has the message is consumed; if its not then the message is processed and the ID is added to the repository.

The Idempotent Consumer essentially acts like a Message Filter to filter out duplicates.

Camel will add the message id eagerly to the repository to detect duplication also for Exchanges currently in progress.
On completion Camel will remove the message id from the repository if the Exchange failed, otherwise it stays there.

Camel provides the following Idempotent Consumer implementations:

- MemoryIdempotentRepository
- FileIdempotentRepository
- HazelcastIdempotentRepository (Available as of Camel 2.8)
- JdbcMessageIdRepository (Available as of Camel 2.7)
- JpaMessageIdRepository

- InfinispanIdempotentRepository (Available as of Camel 2.13.0)

### Options

The Idempotent Consumer has the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
eager | true | Eager controls whether Camel adds the message to the repository before or after the exchange has been processed. If enabled before then Camel will be able to detect duplicate messages even when messages are currently in progress. By disabling Camel will only detect duplicates when a message has successfully been processed.
messageIdRepositoryRef | `null` | A reference to a `IdempotentRepository` to lookup in the registry. This option is mandatory when using XML DSL.
skipDuplicate | true | Camel 2.8: Sets whether to skip duplicate messages. If set to `false` then the message will be continued. However the Exchange has been marked as a duplicate by having the `Exchange.DUPLICATE_MESSAG` exchange property set to a `Boolean.TRUE` value.
removeOnFailure | true | Camel 2.9: Sets whether to remove the id of an Exchange that failed.
completionEager | false | Camel 2.16: Sets whether to complete the idempotent consumer eager or when the exchange is done. If this option is true to complete eager, then the idempotent consumer will trigger its completion when the exchange reached the end of the block of the idempotent consumer pattern. So if the exchange is continued routed after the block ends, then whatever happens there does not affect the state. If this option is false (default) to not complete eager, then the idempotent consumer will complete when the exchange is done being routed. So if the exchange is continued routed after the block ends, then whatever happens there also affect the state. For example if the exchange failed due to an exception, then the state of the idempotent consumer will be a rollback.

### Using the Fluent Builders

The following example will use the header myMessageId to filter out duplicates

The above example will use an in-memory based MessageIdRepository which can easily run out of memory and doesn't work in a clustered environment. So you might prefer to use the JPA based implementation which uses a database to store the message IDs which have been processed

In the above example we are using the header messageId to filter out duplicates and using the collection myProcessorName to indicate the Message ID Repository to use. This name is important as you could process the same message by many different processors; so each may require its own logical Message ID Repository.

For further examples of this pattern in use you could look at the junit test case

### Spring XML example

The following example will use the header myMessageId to filter out duplicates

### How to handle duplicate messages in the route

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can now set the `skipDuplicate` option to `false` which instructs the idempotent consumer to route duplicate messages as well. However the duplicate message has been marked as duplicate by having a property on the Exchange set to true. We can leverage this fact by using a Content Based Router or Message Filter to detect this and handle duplicate messages.

For example in the following example we use the Message Filter to send the message to a duplicate endpoint, and then stop continue routing that message.

Filter duplicate messages

The sample example in XML DSL would be:

Filter duplicate messages

### How to handle duplicate message in a clustered environment with a data grid

Available as of Camel 2.8

If you have running Camel in a clustered environment, a in memory idempotent repository doesn't work (see above). You can setup either a central database or use the idempotent consumer implementation based on the Hazelcast data grid. Hazelcast finds the nodes over multicast (which is default - configure Hazelcast for tcp-ip) and creates automatically a map based repository:

You have to define how long the repository should hold each message id (default is to delete it never). To avoid that you run out of memory you should create an eviction strategy based on the Hazelcast configuration. For additional information see camel-hazelcast.

See this little tutorial, how setup such an idempotent repository on two cluster nodes using Apache Karaf.

Available as of Camel 2.13.0

Another option for using Idempotent Consumer in a clustered environment is Infinispan. Infinispan is a data grid with replication and distribution clustering support. For additional information see camel-infinispan.

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Transactional Client

Camel recommends supporting the Transactional Client from the EIP patterns using spring transactions.

Transaction Oriented Endpoints (Camel Toes) like JMS support using a transaction for both inbound and outbound message exchanges. Endpoints that support transactions will participate in the current transaction context that they are called from.

Configuration of Redelivery

The redelivery in transacted mode is not handled by Camel but by the backing system (the transaction manager). In such cases you should resort to the backing system how to configure the redelivery.

You should use the SpringRouteBuilder to setup the routes since you will need to setup the spring context with the TransactionTemplates that will define the transaction manager configuration and policies.

For inbound endpoint to be transacted, they normally need to be configured to use a Spring PlatformTransactionManager. In the case of the JMS component, this can be done by looking it up in the spring context.

You first define needed object in the spring configuration.

Then you look them up and use them to create the JmsComponent.

#### Transaction Policies

Outbound endpoints will automatically enlist in the current transaction context. But what if you do not want your outbound endpoint to enlist in the same transaction as your inbound endpoint? The solution is to add a Transaction Policy to the processing route. You first have to define transaction policies that you will be using. The policies use a spring TransactionTemplate under the covers for declaring the transaction demarcation to use. So you will need to add something like the following to your spring xml:

Then in your SpringRouteBuilder, you just need to create new SpringTransactionPolicy objects for each of the templates.

Once created, you can use the Policy objects in your processing routes:

#### OSGi Blueprint

If you are using OSGi Blueprint then you most likely have to explicit declare a policy and refer to the policy from the transacted in the route.

And then refer to "required" from the route:

### Database Sample

In this sample we want to ensure that two endpoints is under transaction control. These two endpoints inserts data into a database.
The sample is in its full as a unit test.

First of all we setup the usual spring stuff in its configuration file. Here we have defined a DataSource to the HSQLDB and a most importantly the Spring DataSource TransactionManager that is doing the heavy lifting of ensuring our transactional policies. You are of course free to use any of the Spring based TransactionManager, eg. if you are in a full blown J2EE container you could use JTA or the WebLogic or WebSphere specific managers.

As we use the new convention over configuration we do not need to configure a transaction policy bean, so we do not have any `PROPAGATION_REQUIRED` beans. All the beans needed to be configured is standard Spring beans only, eg. there are no Camel specific configuration at all.

Then we are ready to define our Camel routes. We have two routes: 1 for success conditions, and 1 for a forced rollback condition.
This is after all based on a unit test. Notice that we mark each route as transacted using the transacted tag.

That is all that is needed to configure a Camel route as being transacted. Just remember to use the transacted DSL. The rest is standard Spring XML to setup the transaction manager.

### JMS Sample

In this sample we want to listen for messages on a queue and process the messages with our business logic java code and send them along. Since its based on a unit test the destination is a mock endpoint.

First we configure the standard Spring XML to declare a JMS connection factory, a JMS transaction manager and our ActiveMQ component that we use in our routing.

And then we configure our routes. Notice that all we have to do is mark the route as transacted using the transacted tag.

Transaction error handler

When a route is marked as transacted using transacted Camel will automatic use the TransactionErrorHandler as Error Handler. It supports basically the same feature set as the DefaultErrorHandler, so you can for instance use Exception Clause as well.

### Integration Testing with Spring

An Integration Test here means a test runner class annotated `@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class).`

When following the Spring Transactions documentation it is tempting to annotate your integration test with `@Transactional` then seed your database before firing up the route to be tested and sending a message in. This is incorrect as Spring will have an in-progress transaction, and Camel will wait on this before proceeding, leading to the route timing out.

Instead, remove the `@Transactional` annotation from the test method and seed the test data within a `TransactionTemplate` execution which will ensure the data is committed to the database before Camel attempts to pick up and use the transaction manager. A simple example can be found on GitHub.

Spring's transactional model ensures each transaction is bound to one thread. A Camel route may invoke additional threads which is where the blockage may occur. This is not a fault of Camel but as the programmer you must be aware of the consequences of beginning a transaction in a test thread and expecting a separate thread created by your Camel route to be participate, which it cannot. You can, in your test, mock the parts that cause separate threads to avoid this issue.

## Using multiple routes with different propagation behaviors

Available as of Camel 2.2
Suppose you want to route a message through two routes and by which the 2nd route should run in its own transaction. How do you do that? You use propagation behaviors for that where you configure it as follows:

- The first route use `PROPAGATION_REQUIRED`
- The second route use `PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW`

This is configured in the Spring XML file:

Then in the routes you use transacted DSL to indicate which of these two propagations it uses.

Notice how we have configured the `onException` in the 2nd route to indicate in case of any exceptions we should handle it and just rollback this transaction. This is done using the `markRollbackOnlyLast` which tells Camel to only do it for the current transaction and not globally.

#### See Also

- Error handling in Camel
- TransactionErrorHandler
- Error Handler
- JMS

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Messaging Gateway

Camel has several endpoint components that support the Messaging Gateway from the EIP patterns.

Components like Bean and CXF provide a a way to bind a Java interface to the message exchange.

However you may want to read the Using CamelProxy documentation as a true Messaging Gateway EIP solution.
Another approach is to use `@Produce` which you can read about in POJO Producing which also can be used as a Messaging Gateway EIP solution.

#### Example

The following example how the CXF and Bean components can be used to abstract the developer from the underlying messaging system API

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### See Also

- Bean
- CXF
- Using CamelProxy
- POJO Producing
- Spring Remoting

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Service Activator

Camel has several endpoint components that support the Service Activator from the EIP patterns.

Components like Bean, CXF and Pojo provide a a way to bind the message exchange to a Java interface/service where the route defines the endpoints and wires it up to the bean.

In addition you can use the Bean Integration to wire messages to a bean using annotation.

Here is a simple example of using a Direct endpoint to create a messaging interface to a Pojo Bean service.

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### See Also

- Bean
- Pojo
- CXF

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## System Management

### Detour

The Detour from the EIP patterns allows you to send messages through additional steps if a control condition is met. It can be useful for turning on extra validation, testing, debugging code when needed.

#### Example

In this example we essentially have a route like `from("direct:start").to("mock:result")` with a conditional detour to the `mock:detour` endpoint in the middle of the route..

Using the Spring XML Extensions

whether the detour is turned on or off is decided by the `ControlBean`. So, when the detour is on the message is routed to `mock:detour` and then `mock:result`. When the detour is off, the message is routed to `mock:result`.

For full details, check the example source here:

camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/DetourTest.java

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

### Wire Tap

Wire Tap (from the EIP patterns) allows you to route messages to a separate location while they are being forwarded to the ultimate destination.

Streams

If you Wire Tap a stream message body then you should consider enabling Stream caching to ensure the message body can be read at each endpoint. See more details at Stream caching.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`uri` |  | Mandatory: The URI of the endpoint to which the wire-tapped message will be sent. From Camel 2.16 onwards support dynamic to uris like documented in Message Endpoint
`executorServiceRef` |  | Reference identifier of a custom Thread Pool to use when processing the wire-tapped messages. If not set, Camel will use a default thread pool.
`processorRef` |  | Reference identifier of a custom Processor to use for creating a new message (e.g., the "send a new message" mode). See below.
`copy` | `true` | Camel 2.3: Whether to copy the Exchange before wire-tapping the message.
`onPrepareRef` |  | Camel 2.8: Reference identifier of a custom Processor to prepare the copy of the Exchange to be wire-tapped. This allows you to do any custom logic, such as deep-cloning the message payload.
`cacheSize` |  | Camel 2.16: Allows to configure the cache size for the `ProducerCache` which caches producers for reuse. Will by default use the default cache size which is 1000. Setting the value to -1 allows to turn off the cache all together.
`ignoreInvalidEndpoint` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Whether to ignore an endpoint URI that could not be resolved. If disabled, Camel will throw an exception identifying the invalid endpoint URI.

### WireTap thread pool

The Wire Tap uses a thread pool to process the tapped messages. This thread pool will by default use the settings detailed at Threading Model. In particular, when the pool is exhausted (with all threads utilized), further wiretaps will be executed synchronously by the calling thread. To remedy this, you can configure an explicit thread pool on the Wire Tap having either a different rejection policy, a larger worker queue, or more worker threads.

### WireTap node

Camel's Wire Tap node supports two flavors when tapping an Exchange:

-With the traditional Wire Tap, Camel will copy the original Exchange and set its Exchange Pattern to InOnly, as we want the tapped Exchange to be sent in a fire and forget style. The tapped Exchange is then sent in a separate thread so it can run in parallel with the original. Beware that only the Exchange is copied - Wire Tap won't do a deep clone (unless you specify a custom processor via onPrepareRef which does that). So all copies could share objects from the original Exchange.

-Camel also provides an option of sending a new Exchange allowing you to populate it with new values.

#### Sending a copy (traditional wiretap)

Using the Fluent Builders

Using the Spring XML Extensions

#### Sending a new Exchange

Using the Fluent Builders
Camel supports either a processor or an Expression to populate the new Exchange. Using a processor gives you full power over how the Exchange is populated as you can set properties, headers, et cetera. An Expression can only be used to set the IN body.

From Camel 2.3 onwards the Expression or Processor is pre-populated with a copy of the original Exchange, which allows you to access the original message when you prepare a new Exchange to be sent. You can use the `copy` option (enabled by default) to indicate whether you want this. If you set `copy=false`, then it works as in Camel 2.2 or older where the Exchange will be empty.

Below is the processor variation. This example is from Camel 2.3, where we disable `copy` by passing in `false` to create a new, empty Exchange.

Here is the Expression variation. This example is from Camel 2.3, where we disable `copy` by passing in `false` to create a new, empty Exchange.
Using the Spring XML Extensions
The processor variation, which uses a processorRef attribute to refer to a Spring bean by ID:
Here is the Expression variation, where the expression is defined in the body tag:
This variation accesses the body of the original message and creates a new Exchange based on the Expression. It will create a new Exchange and have the body contain `"Bye ORIGINAL BODY MESSAGE HERE"`

#### Further Example

For another example of this pattern, refer to the wire tap test case.

### Using Dynamic Uris

Available as of Camel 2.16:

For example to wire tap to a dynamic uri, then it supports the same dynamic uris as documented in Message Endpoint. For example to wire tap to a JMS queue where the header ID is part of the queue name

### Sending a new Exchange and set headers in DSL

Available as of Camel 2.8

If you send a new message using Wire Tap, then you could only set the message body using an Expression from the DSL. If you also need to set headers, you would have to use a Processor. In Camel 2.8 onwards, you can now set headers as well in the DSL.

The following example sends a new message which has

- "Bye World" as message body
- a header with key "id" with the value 123
- a header with key "date" which has current date as value

#### Java DSL

#### XML DSL

The XML DSL is slightly different than Java DSL in how you configure the message body and headers using <body> and <setHeader>:

### Using onPrepare to execute custom logic when preparing messages

Available as of Camel 2.8

See details at Multicast

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

## Log

How can I log processing a Message?

Camel provides many ways to log processing a message. Here is just some examples:

- You can use the Log component which logs the Message content.
- You can use the Tracer which trace logs message flow.
- You can also use a Processor or Bean and log from Java code.
- You can use the `log` DSL.

### Using log DSL

And in Camel 2.2 you can use the `log` DSL which allows you to use Simple language to construct a dynamic message which gets logged.
For example you can do

Which will construct a String message at runtime using the Simple language. The log message will by logged at `INFO` level using the route id as the log name. By default a route is named `route-1`, `route-2` etc. But you can use the `routeId("myCoolRoute")` to set a route name of choice.

Difference between log in the DSL and [Log] component

The `log` DSL is much lighter and meant for logging human logs such as `Starting to do ...` etc. It can only log a message based on the Simple language. On the other hand Log component is a full fledged component which involves using endpoints and etc. The Log component is meant for logging the Message itself and you have many URI options to control what you would like to be logged.

Using Logger instance from the the Registry

As of Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1, if no logger name or logger instance is passed to log DSL, there's a Registry lookup performed to find single instance of `org.slf4j.Logger`. If such instance is found, it is used instead of creating a new logger instance. If more instances are found, the behavior defaults to creating a new instance of logger.

Logging message body with streamed messages

If the message body is stream based, then logging the message body, may cause the message body to be empty afterwards. See this FAQ. For streamed messages you can use Stream caching to allow logging the message body and be able to read the message body afterwards again.

The log DSL have overloaded methods to set the logging level and/or name as well.

and to set a logger name

Since Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1 the logger instance may be used as well:

For example you can use this to log the file name being processed if you consume files.

#### Using log DSL from Spring

In Spring DSL its also easy to use log DSL as shown below:

The log tag has attributes to set the `message`, `loggingLevel` and `logName`. For example:

Since Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1 it is possible to reference logger instance. For example:

#### Using slf4j Marker

Available as of Camel 2.9

You can specify a marker name in the DSL

#### Using log DSL in OSGi

Improvement as of Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1

When using log DSL inside OSGi (e.g., in Karaf), the underlying logging mechanisms are provided by PAX logging. It searches for a bundle which invokes `org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger()` method and associates the bundle with the logger instance. Passing only logger name to log DSL results in associating `camel-core` bundle with the logger instance created.

In some scenarios it is required that the bundle associated with logger should be the bundle which contains route definition. This is possible using provided logger instance both for Java DSL and Spring DSL (see the examples above).

#### Using This Pattern

If you would like to use this EIP Pattern then please read the Getting Started, you may also find the Architecture useful particularly the description of Endpoint and URIs. Then you could try out some of the Examples first before trying this pattern out.

# Component Appendix

There now follows the documentation on each Camel component.

## ActiveMQ Component

The ActiveMQ component allows messages to be sent to a JMS Queue or Topic or messages to be consumed from a JMS Queue or Topic using Apache ActiveMQ.

This component is based on JMS Component and uses Spring's JMS support for declarative transactions, using Spring's `JmsTemplate` for sending and a `MessageListenerContainer` for consuming. All the options from the JMS component also applies for this component.

To use this component make sure you have the `activemq.jar` or `activemq-core.jar` on your classpath along with any Camel dependencies such as `camel-core.jar`, `camel-spring.jar` and `camel-jms.jar`.

Transacted and caching

See section Transactions and Cache Levels below on JMS page if you are using transactions with JMS as it can impact performance.

### URI format

Where destinationName is an ActiveMQ queue or topic name. By default, the destinationName is interpreted as a queue name. For example, to connect to the queue, `FOO.BAR`, use:

You can include the optional `queue:` prefix, if you prefer:

To connect to a topic, you must include the `topic:` prefix. For example, to connect to the topic, `Stocks.Prices`, use:

### Options

See Options on the JMS component as all these options also apply for this component.

### Configuring the Connection Factory

This test case shows how to add an ActiveMQComponent to the CamelContext using the `activeMQComponent()` method while specifying the brokerURL used to connect to ActiveMQ.

### Configuring the Connection Factory using Spring XML

You can configure the ActiveMQ broker URL on the ActiveMQComponent as follows

### Using connection pooling

When sending to an ActiveMQ broker using Camel it's recommended to use a pooled connection factory to efficiently handle pooling of JMS connections, sessions and producers. This is documented on the ActiveMQ Spring Support page.

You can grab ActiveMQ's `org.apache.activemq.pool.PooledConnectionFactory` with Maven:

And then setup the activemq Camel component as follows:

Notice the init and destroy methods on the pooled connection factory. This is important to ensure the connection pool is properly started and shutdown.

Important information about when using transactions

If you are using transactions then see more details at JMS. And remember to set `cacheLevelName` to `CACHE_CONSUMER` if you are not using XA transactions. This can dramatically improve performance.

The `PooledConnectionFactory` will then create a connection pool with up to 8 connections in use at the same time. Each connection can be shared by many sessions. There is an option named `maximumActive` you can use to configure the maximum number of sessions per connection; the default value is `500`. From ActiveMQ 5.7 onwards the option has been renamed to better reflect its purpose, being named as `maximumActiveSessionPerConnection`. Notice the `concurrentConsumers` is set to a higher value than `maxConnections` is. This is okay, as each consumer is using a session, and as a session can share the same connection, we are in the safe. In this example we can have 8 * 500 = 4000 active sessions at the same time.

### Invoking MessageListener POJOs in a Camel route

The ActiveMQ component also provides a helper Type Converter from a JMS MessageListener to a Processor. This means that the Bean component is capable of invoking any JMS MessageListener bean directly inside any route.

So for example you can create a MessageListener in JMS like this:

Then use it in your Camel route as follows

That is, you can reuse any of the Camel Components and easily integrate them into your JMS `MessageListener` POJO!

### Using ActiveMQ Destination Options

Available as of ActiveMQ 5.6

You can configure the Destination Options in the endpoint uri, using the "destination." prefix. For example to mark a consumer as exclusive, and set its prefetch size to 50, you can do as follows:

### Consuming Advisory Messages

ActiveMQ can generate Advisory messages which are put in topics that you can consume. Such messages can help you send alerts in case you detect slow consumers or to build statistics (number of messages/produced per day, etc.) The following Spring DSL example shows you how to read messages from a topic.

The below route starts by reading the topic ActiveMQ.Advisory.Connection. To watch another topic, simply change the name according to the name provided in ActiveMQ Advisory Messages documentation. The parameter mapJmsMessage=false allows for converting the org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMqMessage object from the jms queue. Next, the body received is converted into a String for the purposes of this example and a carriage return is added. Finally, the string is added to a file

If you consume a message on a queue, you should see the following files under the data/activemq folder :

advisoryConnection-20100312.txt
advisoryProducer-20100312.txt

and containing string:

### Getting Component JAR

You will need this dependency

- `activemq-camel`

ActiveMQ is an extension of the JMS component released with the ActiveMQ project.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

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## AMQP

Available as of Camel X.X

The amqp: component supports the AMQP protocol using the Client API of the Qpid project. In case you want to use AMQP with RabbitMQ you might also be interested in the Camel RabbitMQ component.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

### AMQP Options

You can specify all of the various configuration options of the JMS component after the destination name.

### Using topics

To have using topics working with camel-amqp you need to configure the component to use "topic://" as topic prefix, as shown below

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## SQS Component

Available as of Camel 2.6

The sqs component supports sending and receiving messages to Amazon's SQS service.

Prerequisites

You must have a valid Amazon Web Services developer account, and be signed up to use Amazon SQS. More information are available at Amazon SQS.

### URI Format

The queue will be created if they don't already exists.
You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?options=value&option2=value&...

### URI Options

Name | Default Value | Context | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
amazonSQSClient | `null` | Shared | Reference to a `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.AmazonSQS` in the Registry.
accessKey | `null` | Shared | Amazon AWS Access Key
secretKey | `null` | Shared | Amazon AWS Secret Key
amazonSQSEndpoint | `null` | Shared | The region with which the AWS-SQS client wants to work with. Only works if Camel creates the AWS-SQS client, i.e., if you explicitly set amazonSQSClient, then this setting will have no effect. You would have to set it on the client you create directly
attributeNames | `null` | Consumer | A list of attributes to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageRequest`.
concurrentConsumers | 1 | Consumer | (as of 2.15.0) Allows you to use multiple threads to poll the sqs queue to increase throughput
defaultVisibilityTimeout | `null` | Shared | The visibility timeout (in seconds) to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.CreateQueueRequest`.
deleteAfterRead | `true` | Consumer | Delete message from SQS after it has been read
deleteIfFiltered | `true` | Consumer | Camel 2.12.2,2.13.0 Whether or not to send the DeleteMessage to the SQS queue if an exchange fails to get through a filter. If 'false' and exchange does not make it through a Camel filter upstream in the route, then don't send DeleteMessage.
maxMessagesPerPoll | `null` | Consumer | The maximum number of messages which can be received in one poll to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageRequest`.
visibilityTimeout | `null` | Shared | The duration (in seconds) that the received messages are hidden from subsequent retrieve requests after being retrieved by a ReceiveMessage request to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.SetQueueAttributesRequest`. This only make sense if its different from `defaultVisibilityTimeout`. It changes the queue visibility timeout attribute permanently.
messageVisibilityTimeout | `null` | Consumer | Camel 2.8: The duration (in seconds) that the received messages are hidden from subsequent retrieve requests after being retrieved by a ReceiveMessage request to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageRequest`. It does NOT change the queue visibility timeout attribute permanently.
extendMessageVisibility | `false` | Consumer | Camel 2.10: If enabled then a scheduled background task will keep extending the message visibility on SQS. This is needed if it taks a long time to process the message. If set to true `defaultVisibilityTimeout` must be set. See details at Amazon docs.
maximumMessageSize | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.8: The maximumMessageSize (in bytes) an SQS message can contain for this queue, to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.SetQueueAttributesRequest`.
messageRetentionPeriod | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.8: The messageRetentionPeriod (in seconds) a message will be retained by SQS for this queue, to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.SetQueueAttributesRequest`.
policy | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.8: The policy for this queue to set in the `com.amazonaws.services.sqs.model.SetQueueAttributesRequest`.
delaySeconds | `null` | Producer | Camel 2.9.3: Delay sending messages for a number of seconds.
waitTimeSeconds | `0` | Producer | Camel 2.11: Duration in seconds (0 to 20) that the ReceiveMessage action call will wait until a message is in the queue to include in the response.
receiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds | `0` | Shared | Camel 2.11: If you do not specify WaitTimeSeconds in the request, the queue attribute ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds is used to determine how long to wait.
queueOwnerAWSAccountId | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.12: Specify the queue owner aws account id when you need to connect the queue with different account owner.
region | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.12.3: Specify the queue region which could be used with `queueOwnerAWSAccountId` to build the service URL.
redrivePolicy | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.15: Specify the policy that send message to DeadLetter queue. See detail at Amazon docs.
proxyHost | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.16: Specify a proxy host to be used inside the client definition.
proxyPort | `null` | Shared | Camel 2.16: Specify a proxy port to be used inside the client definition.

Required SQS component options

You have to provide the amazonSQSClient in the Registry or your accessKey and secretKey to access the Amazon's SQS.

### Batch Consumer

This component implements the Batch Consumer.

This allows you for instance to know how many messages exists in this batch and for instance let the Aggregator aggregate this number of messages.

### Usage

#### Message headers set by the SQS producer

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelAwsSqsMD5OfBody` | `String` | The MD5 checksum of the Amazon SQS message.
`CamelAwsSqsMessageId` | `String` | The Amazon SQS message ID.
`CamelAwsSqsDelaySeconds` | `Integer` | Since Camel 2.11, the delay seconds that the Amazon SQS message can be see by others.

#### Message headers set by the SQS consumer

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelAwsSqsMD5OfBody` | `String` | The MD5 checksum of the Amazon SQS message.
`CamelAwsSqsMessageId` | `String` | The Amazon SQS message ID.
`CamelAwsSqsReceiptHandle` | `String` | The Amazon SQS message receipt handle.
`CamelAwsSqsAttributes` | `Map<String, String>` | The Amazon SQS message attributes.

#### Advanced AmazonSQS configuration

If your Camel Application is running behind a firewall or if you need to have more control over the AmazonSQS instance configuration, you can create your own instance:

and refer to it in your Camel aws-sqs component configuration:

### Dependencies

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml.

pom.xml

where `${camel-version`} must be replaced by the actual version of Camel (2.6 or higher).

### JMS-style Selectors

SQS does not allow selectors, but you can effectively achieve this by using the Camel Filter EIP and setting an appropriate `visibilityTimeout`. When SQS dispatches a message, it will wait up to the visibility timeout before it will try to dispatch the message to a different consumer unless a DeleteMessage is received. By default, Camel will always send the DeleteMessage at the end of the route, unless the route ended in failure. To achieve appropriate filtering and not send the DeleteMessage even on successful completion of the route, use a Filter:

In the above code, if an exchange doesn't have an appropriate header, it will not make it through the filter AND also not be deleted from the SQS queue. After 5000 miliseconds, the message will become visible to other consumers.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- AWS Component

## Atom Component

The atom: component is used for polling Atom feeds.

Camel will poll the feed every 60 seconds by default.
Note: The component currently only supports polling (consuming) feeds.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where atomUri is the URI to the Atom feed to poll.

### Options

Property | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`splitEntries` | `true` | If `true` Camel will poll the feed and for the subsequent polls return each entry poll by poll. If the feed contains 7 entries then Camel will return the first entry on the first poll, the 2nd entry on the next poll, until no more entries where as Camel will do a new update on the feed. If `false` then Camel will poll a fresh feed on every invocation.
`filter` | `true` | Is only used by the split entries to filter the entries to return. Camel will default use the `UpdateDateFilter` that only return new entries from the feed. So the client consuming from the feed never receives the same entry more than once. The filter will return the entries ordered by the newest last.
`lastUpdate` | `null` | Is only used by the filter, as the starting timestamp for selection never entries (uses the `entry.updated` timestamp). Syntax format is: `yyyy-MM-ddTHH:MM:ss`. Example: `2007-12-24T17:45:59`.
`throttleEntries` | `true` | Camel 2.5: Sets whether all entries identified in a single feed poll should be delivered immediately. If `true`, only one entry is processed per `consumer.delay`. Only applicable when `splitEntries` is set to `true`.
`feedHeader` | `true` | Sets whether to add the Abdera Feed object as a header.
`sortEntries` | `false` | If `splitEntries` is `true`, this sets whether to sort those entries by updated date.
`consumer.delay` | `500` | Delay in millis between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | Millis before polling starts.
`consumer.userFixedDelay` | `false` | If `true`, use fixed delay between pools, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.
`username` |  | Camel 2.16: For basic authentication when polling from a HTTP feed
`password` |  | Camel 2.16: For basic authentication when polling from a HTTP feed

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Exchange data format

Camel will set the In body on the returned `Exchange` with the entries. Depending on the `splitEntries` flag Camel will either return one `Entry` or a `List<Entry>`.

Option | Value | Behavior
--- | --- | ---
`splitEntries` | `true` | Only a single entry from the currently being processed feed is set: `exchange.in.body(Entry)`
`splitEntries` | `false` | The entire list of entries from the feed is set: `exchange.in.body(List<Entry>)`

Camel can set the `Feed` object on the In header (see `feedHeader` option to disable this):

### Message Headers

Camel atom uses these headers.

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelAtomFeed` | When consuming the `org.apache.abdera.model.Feed` object is set to this header.

### Samples

In this sample we poll James Strachan's blog.

In this sample we want to filter only good blogs we like to a SEDA queue. The sample also shows how to setup Camel standalone, not running in any Container or using Spring.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- RSS

## Bean Component

The bean: component binds beans to Camel message exchanges.

### URI format

Where beanID can be any string which is used to look up the bean in the Registry

### Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`method` | `String` | `null` | The method name from the bean that will be invoked. If not provided, Camel will try to determine the method itself. In case of ambiguity an exception will be thrown. See Bean Binding for more details. From Camel 2.8 onwards you can specify type qualifiers to pin-point the exact method to use for overloaded methods. From Camel 2.9 onwards you can specify parameter values directly in the method syntax. See more details at Bean Binding.
`cache` | `boolean` | `false` | If enabled, Camel will cache the result of the first Registry look-up. Cache can be enabled if the bean in the Registry is defined as a singleton scope.
`multiParameterArray` | `boolean` | `false` | How to treat the parameters which are passed from the message body; if it is `true`, the In message body should be an array of parameters.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Using

The object instance that is used to consume messages must be explicitly registered with the Registry. For example, if you are using Spring you must define the bean in the Spring configuration, `spring.xml`; or if you don't use Spring, by registering the bean in JNDI.

Once an endpoint has been registered, you can build Camel routes that use it to process exchanges.

A bean: endpoint cannot be defined as the input to the route; i.e. you cannot consume from it, you can only route from some inbound message Endpoint to the bean endpoint as output. So consider using a direct: or queue: endpoint as the input.

You can use the `createProxy()` methods on ProxyHelper to create a proxy that will generate BeanExchanges and send them to any endpoint:

And the same route using Spring DSL:

### Bean as endpoint

Camel also supports invoking Bean as an Endpoint. In the route below:

What happens is that when the exchange is routed to the `myBean` Camel will use the Bean Binding to invoke the bean.
The source for the bean is just a plain POJO:

Camel will use Bean Binding to invoke the `sayHello` method, by converting the Exchange's In body to the `String` type and storing the output of the method on the Exchange Out body.

### Java DSL bean syntax

Java DSL comes with syntactic sugar for the Bean component. Instead of specifying the bean explicitly as the endpoint (i.e. `to("bean:beanName")`) you can use the following syntax:

Instead of passing name of the reference to the bean (so that Camel will lookup for it in the registry), you can specify the bean itself:

### Bean Binding

How bean methods to be invoked are chosen (if they are not specified explicitly through the method parameter) and how parameter values are constructed from the Message are all defined by the Bean Binding mechanism which is used throughout all of the various Bean Integration mechanisms in Camel.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Class component
- Bean Binding
- Bean Integration

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## Browse Component

The Browse component provides a simple BrowsableEndpoint which can be useful for testing, visualisation tools or debugging. The exchanges sent to the endpoint are all available to be browsed.

### URI format

Where someName can be any string to uniquely identify the endpoint.

### Sample

In the route below, we insert a `browse:` component to be able to browse the Exchanges that are passing through:

We can now inspect the received exchanges from within the Java code:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Cache Component

Available as of Camel 2.1

The cache component enables you to perform caching operations using EHCache as the Cache Implementation. The cache itself is created on demand or if a cache of that name already exists then it is simply utilized with its original settings.

This component supports producer and event based consumer endpoints.

The Cache consumer is an event based consumer and can be used to listen and respond to specific cache activities. If you need to perform selections from a pre-existing cache, use the processors defined for the cache component.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=#beanRef&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`maxElementsInMemory` | `1000` | The number of elements that may be stored in the defined cache
`memoryStoreEvictionPolicy` | `MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LFU` | The number of elements that may be stored in the defined cache. Options include MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LFU - Least frequently used MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LRU - Least recently used MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.FIFO - first in first out, the oldest element by creation time
`overflowToDisk` | `true` | Specifies whether cache may overflow to disk
`eternal` | `false` | Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal, timeouts are ignored and the element never expires.
`timeToLiveSeconds` | `300` | The maximum time between creation time and when an element expires. Is used only if the element is not eternal
`timeToIdleSeconds` | `300` | The maximum amount of time between accesses before an element expires
`diskPersistent` | `false` | Whether the disk store persists between restarts of the Virtual Machine.
`diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds` | `120` | The number of seconds between runs of the disk expiry thread.
`cacheManagerFactory` | `null` | Camel 2.8: If you want to use a custom factory which instantiates and creates the EHCache `net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager`. Type: abstract org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheManagerFactory
`eventListenerRegistry` | `null` | Camel 2.8: Sets a list of EHCache `net.sf.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener` for all new caches- no need to define it per cache in EHCache xml config anymore. Type: org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheEventListenerRegistry
`cacheLoaderRegistry` | `null` | Camel 2.8: Sets a list of `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheLoaderWrapper` that extends EHCache `net.sf.ehcache.loader.CacheLoader` for all new caches- no need to define it per cache in EHCache xml config anymore. Type: org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheLoaderRegistry
`key` | `null` | Camel 2.10: To configure using a cache key by default. If a key is provided in the message header, then the key from the header takes precedence.
`operation` | `null` | Camel 2.10: To configure using an cache operation by default. If an operation in the message header, then the operation from the header takes precedence.
`objectCache` | `false` | Camel 2.15: Whether to turn on allowing to store non serializable objects in the cache. If this option is enabled then overflow to disk cannot be enabled as well.

### Cache Component options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`configuration` |  | To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheConfiguration` configuration.
`cacheManagerFactory` |  | To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheManagerFactory`.
`configurationFile` |  | Camel 2.13/2.12.3: To configure the location of the `ehcache.xml` file to use, such as `classpath:com/foo/mycache.xml` to load from classpath. If no configuration is given, then the default settings from EHCache is used.

### Sending/Receiving Messages to/from the cache

#### Message Headers up to Camel 2.7

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CACHE_OPERATION` | The operation to be performed on the cache. Valid options are GET CHECK ADD UPDATE DELETE DELETEALL `GET` and `CHECK` requires Camel 2.3 onwards.
`CACHE_KEY` | The cache key used to store the Message in the cache. The cache key is optional if the CACHE_OPERATION is DELETEALL

#### Message Headers Camel 2.8+

Header changes in Camel 2.8

The header names and supported values have changed to be prefixed with 'CamelCache' and use mixed case. This makes them easier to identify and keep separate from other headers. The CacheConstants variable names remain unchanged, just their values have been changed. Also, these headers are now removed from the exchange after the cache operation is performed.

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelCacheOperation` | The operation to be performed on the cache. The valid options are CamelCacheGet CamelCacheCheck CamelCacheAdd CamelCacheUpdate CamelCacheDelete CamelCacheDeleteAll
`CamelCacheKey` | The cache key used to store the Message in the cache. The cache key is optional if the CamelCacheOperation is CamelCacheDeleteAll

The `CamelCacheAdd` and `CamelCacheUpdate` operations support additional headers:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelCacheTimeToLive` | `Integer` | Camel 2.11: Time to live in seconds.
`CamelCacheTimeToIdle` | `Integer` | Camel 2.11: Time to idle in seconds.
`CamelCacheEternal` | `Boolean` | Camel 2.11: Whether the content is eternal.

#### Cache Producer

Sending data to the cache involves the ability to direct payloads in exchanges to be stored in a pre-existing or created-on-demand cache. The mechanics of doing this involve

- setting the Message Exchange Headers shown above.
- ensuring that the Message Exchange Body contains the message directed to the cache

#### Cache Consumer

Receiving data from the cache involves the ability of the CacheConsumer to listen on a pre-existing or created-on-demand Cache using an event Listener and receive automatic notifications when any cache activity take place (i.e CamelCacheGet/CamelCacheUpdate/CamelCacheDelete/CamelCacheDeleteAll). Upon such an activity taking place

- an exchange containing Message Exchange Headers and a Message Exchange Body containing the just added/updated payload is placed and sent.
- in case of a CamelCacheDeleteAll operation, the Message Exchange Header CamelCacheKey and the Message Exchange Body are not populated.

#### Cache Processors

There are a set of nice processors with the ability to perform cache lookups and selectively replace payload content at the

- body
- token
- xpath level

### Cache Usage Samples

#### Example 1: Configuring the cache

#### Example 2: Adding keys to the cache

#### Example 2: Updating existing keys in a cache

#### Example 3: Deleting existing keys in a cache

#### Example 4: Deleting all existing keys in a cache

#### Example 5: Notifying any changes registering in a Cache to Processors and other Producers

#### Example 6: Using Processors to selectively replace payload with cache values

#### Example 7: Getting an entry from the Cache

#### Example 8: Checking for an entry in the Cache

Note: The CHECK command tests existence of an entry in the cache but doesn't place a message in the body.

### Management of EHCache

EHCache has its own statistics and management from JMX.

Here's a snippet on how to expose them via JMX in a Spring application context:

Of course you can do the same thing in straight Java:

You can get cache hits, misses, in-memory hits, disk hits, size stats this way. You can also change CacheConfiguration parameters on the fly.

### Cache replication Camel 2.8+

The Camel Cache component is able to distribute a cache across server nodes using several different replication mechanisms including: RMI, JGroups, JMS and Cache Server.

There are two different ways to make it work:

1. You can configure `ehcache.xml` manually

OR

2. You can configure these three options:

- cacheManagerFactory
- eventListenerRegistry
- cacheLoaderRegistry

Configuring Camel Cache replication using the first option is a bit of hard work as you have to configure all caches separately. So in a situation when the all names of caches are not known, using `ehcache.xml` is not a good idea.

The second option is much better when you want to use many different caches as you do not need to define options per cache. This is because replication options are set per `CacheManager` and per `CacheEndpoint`. Also it is the only way when cache names are not know at the development phase.

It might be useful to read the EHCache manual to get a better understanding of the Camel Cache replication mechanism.

#### Example: JMS cache replication

JMS replication is the most powerful and secured replication method. Used together with Camel Cache replication makes it also rather simple.
An example is available on a separate page.

## Class Component

Available as of Camel 2.4

The class: component binds beans to Camel message exchanges. It works in the same way as the Bean component but instead of looking up beans from a Registry it creates the bean based on the class name.

### URI format

Where className is the fully qualified class name to create and use as bean.

### Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`method` | `String` | `null` | The method name that bean will be invoked. If not provided, Camel will try to pick the method itself. In case of ambiguity an exception is thrown. See Bean Binding for more details.
`multiParameterArray` | `boolean` | `false` | How to treat the parameters which are passed from the message body; if it is `true`, the In message body should be an array of parameters.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Using

You simply use the class component just as the Bean component but by specifying the fully qualified classname instead.
For example to use the `MyFooBean` you have to do as follows:

You can also specify which method to invoke on the `MyFooBean`, for example `hello`:

## Setting properties on the created instance

In the endpoint uri you can specify properties to set on the created instance, for example if it has a `setPrefix` method:

And you can also use the `#` syntax to refer to properties to be looked up in the Registry.

Which will lookup a bean from the Registry with the id `foo` and invoke the `setCool` method on the created instance of the `MyPrefixBean` class.

See more

See more details at the Bean component as the class component works in much the same way.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Bean
- Bean Binding
- Bean Integration

## Cometd Component

The cometd: component is a transport for working with the jetty implementation of the cometd/bayeux protocol.
Using this component in combination with the dojo toolkit library it's possible to push Camel messages directly into the browser using an AJAX based mechanism.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The channelName represents a topic that can be subscribed to by the Camel endpoints.

### Examples

    cometd://localhost:8080/service/mychannel
    cometds://localhost:8443/service/mychannel

where `cometds:` represents an SSL configured endpoint.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`resourceBase` |  | The root directory for the web resources or classpath. Use the protocol file: or classpath: depending if you want that the component loads the resource from file system or classpath. Classpath is required for OSGI deployment where the resources are packaged in the jar. Notice this option has been renamed to `baseResource` from Camel 2.7 onwards.
`baseResource` |  | Camel 2.7: The root directory for the web resources or classpath. Use the protocol file: or classpath: depending if you want that the component loads the resource from file system or classpath. Classpath is required for OSGI deployment where the resources are packaged in the jar
`timeout` | `240000` | The server side poll timeout in milliseconds. This is how long the server will hold a reconnect request before responding.
`interval` | `0` | The client side poll timeout in milliseconds. How long a client will wait between reconnects
`maxInterval` | `30000` | The max client side poll timeout in milliseconds. A client will be removed if a connection is not received in this time.
`multiFrameInterval` | `1500` | The client side poll timeout, if multiple connections are detected from the same browser.
`jsonCommented` | `true` | If `true`, the server will accept JSON wrapped in a comment and will generate JSON wrapped in a comment. This is a defence against Ajax Hijacking.
`logLevel` | `1` | `0`=none, `1`=info, `2`=debug.
`crossOriginFilterOn` | `false` | Camel 2.10: If `true`, the server will support for cross-domain filtering
`allowedOrigins` | `*` | Camel 2.10: The origins domain that support to cross, if the `crosssOriginFilterOn` is `true`
`filterPath` |  | Camel 2.10: The filterPath will be used by the CrossOriginFilter, if the `crosssOriginFilterOn` is `true`
`disconnectLocalSession` | `true` | Camel 2.10.5/2.11.1: (Producer only): Whether to disconnect local sessions after publishing a message to its channel. Disconnecting local session is needed as they are not swept by default by CometD, and therefore you can run out of memory.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

Here is some examples on How to pass the parameters

For file (for webapp resources located in the Web Application directory --> cometd://localhost:8080?resourceBase=file./webapp
For classpath (when by example the web resources are packaged inside the webapp folder --> cometd://localhost:8080?resourceBase=classpath:webapp

### Authentication

Available as of Camel 2.8

You can configure custom `SecurityPolicy` and `Extension`'s to the `CometdComponent` which allows you to use authentication as documented here

### Setting up SSL for Cometd Component

#### Using the JSSE Configuration Utility

As of Camel 2.9, the Cometd component supports SSL/TLS configuration through the Camel JSSE Configuration Utility. This utility greatly decreases the amount of component specific code you need to write and is configurable at the endpoint and component levels. The following examples demonstrate how to use the utility with the Cometd component. You need to configure SSL on the CometdComponent.

##### Programmatic configuration of the component

##### Spring DSL based configuration of endpoint

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Context Component

Available as of Camel 2.7

The context component allows you to create new Camel Components from a CamelContext with a number of routes which is then treated as a black box, allowing you to refer to the local endpoints within the component from other CamelContexts.

It is similar to the Routebox component in idea, though the Context component tries to be really simple for end users; just a simple convention over configuration approach to refer to local endpoints inside the CamelContext Component.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Or you can omit the "context:" prefix.

- camelContextId is the ID you used to register the CamelContext into the Registry.
- localEndpointName can be a valid Camel URI evaluated within the black box CamelContext. Or it can be a logical name which is mapped to any local endpoints. For example if you locally have endpoints like direct:invoices and seda:purchaseOrders inside a CamelContext of id supplyChain, then you can just use the URIs supplyChain:invoices or supplyChain:purchaseOrders to omit the physical endpoint kind and use pure logical URIs.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Example

In this example we'll create a black box context, then we'll use it from another CamelContext.

#### Defining the context component

First you need to create a CamelContext, add some routes in it, start it and then register the CamelContext into the Registry (JNDI, Spring, Guice or OSGi etc).

This can be done in the usual Camel way from this test case (see the createRegistry() method); this example shows Java and JNDI being used...

Notice in the above route we are using pure local endpoints (direct and seda). Also note we expose this CamelContext using the accounts ID. We can do the same thing in Spring via

#### Using the context component

Then in another CamelContext we can then refer to this "accounts black box" by just sending to accounts:purchaseOrder and consuming from accounts:invoice.

If you prefer to be more verbose and explicit you could use context:accounts:purchaseOrder or even context:accounts:direct://purchaseOrder if you prefer. But using logical endpoint URIs is preferred as it hides the implementation detail and provides a simple logical naming scheme.

For example if we wish to then expose this accounts black box on some middleware (outside of the black box) we can do things like...

#### Naming endpoints

A context component instance can have many public input and output endpoints that can be accessed from outside it's CamelContext. When there are many it is recommended that you use logical names for them to hide the middleware as shown above.

However when there is only one input, output or error/dead letter endpoint in a component we recommend using the common posix shell names in, out and err

## Crypto component for Digital Signatures

Available as of Camel 2.3

With Camel cryptographic endpoints and Java's Cryptographic extension it is easy to create Digital Signatures for Exchanges. Camel provides a pair of flexible endpoints which get used in concert to create a signature for an exchange in one part of the exchange's workflow and then verify the signature in a later part of the workflow.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### Introduction

Digital signatures make use of Asymmetric Cryptographic techniques to sign messages. From a (very) high level, the algorithms use pairs of complimentary keys with the special property that data encrypted with one key can only be decrypted with the other. One, the private key, is closely guarded and used to 'sign' the message while the other, public key, is shared around to anyone interested in verifying the signed messages. Messages are signed by using the private key to encrypting a digest of the message. This encrypted digest is transmitted along with the message. On the other side the verifier recalculates the message digest and uses the public key to decrypt the the digest in the signature. If both digests match the verifier knows only the holder of the private key could have created the signature.

Camel uses the Signature service from the Java Cryptographic Extension to do all the heavy cryptographic lifting required to create exchange signatures. The following are some excellent resources for explaining the mechanics of Cryptography, Message digests and Digital Signatures and how to leverage them with the JCE.

- Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography
- Beginning Cryptography with Java by David Hook
- The ever insightful Wikipedia Digital_signatures

### URI format

As mentioned Camel provides a pair of crypto endpoints to create and verify signatures

- `crypto:sign` creates the signature and stores it in the Header keyed by the constant `org.apache.camel.component.crypto.DigitalSignatureConstants.SIGNATURE`, i.e. `"CamelDigitalSignature"`.
- `crypto:verify` will read in the contents of this header and do the verification calculation.

In order to correctly function, the sign and verify process needs a pair of keys to be shared, signing requiring a `PrivateKey` and verifying a `PublicKey` (or a `Certificate` containing one). Using the JCE it is very simple to generate these key pairs but it is usually most secure to use a KeyStore to house and share your keys. The DSL is very flexible about how keys are supplied and provides a number of mechanisms.

Note a `crypto:sign` endpoint is typically defined in one route and the complimentary `crypto:verify` in another, though for simplicity in the examples they appear one after the other. It goes without saying that both signing and verifying should be configured identically.

### Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`algorithm` | `String` | `SHA1WithDSA` | The name of the JCE Signature algorithm that will be used.
`alias` | `String` | `null` | An alias name that will be used to select a key from the keystore.
`bufferSize` | `Integer` | `2048` | the size of the buffer used in the signature process.
`certificate` | `Certificate` | `null` | A Certificate used to verify the signature of the exchange's payload. Either this or a Public Key is required.
`keystore` | `KeyStore` | `null` | A reference to a JCE Keystore that stores keys and certificates used to sign and verify.
keyStoreParameters Camel 2.14.1 | KeyStoreParameters | null | A reference to a Camel KeyStoreParameters Object which wraps a Java KeyStore Object
`provider` | `String` | `null` | The name of the JCE Security Provider that should be used.
`privateKey` | `PrivateKey` | `null` | The private key used to sign the exchange's payload.
`publicKey` | `PublicKey` | `null` | The public key used to verify the signature of the exchange's payload.
`secureRandom` | `secureRandom` | `null` | A reference to a `SecureRandom` object that will be used to initialize the Signature service.
`password` | `char[]` | `null` | The password to access the private key from the keystore
`clearHeaders` | `String` | `true` | Remove camel crypto headers from Message after a verify operation (value can be `"true"`/`"false"`).

### Using

#### 1) Raw keys

The most basic way to way to sign and verify an exchange is with a KeyPair as follows.

The same can be achieved with the Spring XML Extensions using references to keys

#### 2) KeyStores and Aliases.

The JCE provides a very versatile keystore concept for housing pairs of private keys and certificates, keeping them encrypted and password protected. They can be retrieved by applying an alias to the retrieval APIs. There are a number of ways to get keys and Certificates into a keystore, most often this is done with the external 'keytool' application. This is a good example of using keytool to create a KeyStore with a self signed Cert and Private key.

The examples use a Keystore with a key and cert aliased by 'bob'. The password for the keystore and the key is 'letmein'

The following shows how to use a Keystore via the Fluent builders, it also shows how to load and initialize the keystore.

Again in Spring a ref is used to lookup an actual keystore instance.

#### 3) Changing JCE Provider and Algorithm

Changing the Signature algorithm or the Security provider is a simple matter of specifying their names. You will need to also use Keys that are compatible with the algorithm you choose.

or

#### 4) Changing the Signature Message Header

It may be desirable to change the message header used to store the signature. A different header name can be specified in the route definition as follows

or

#### 5) Changing the buffersize

In case you need to update the size of the buffer...

or

#### 6) Supplying Keys dynamically.

When using a Recipient list or similar EIP the recipient of an exchange can vary dynamically. Using the same key across all recipients may be neither feasible nor desirable. It would be useful to be able to specify signature keys dynamically on a per-exchange basis. The exchange could then be dynamically enriched with the key of its target recipient prior to signing. To facilitate this the signature mechanisms allow for keys to be supplied dynamically via the message headers below

- `Exchange.SIGNATURE_PRIVATE_KEY`, `"CamelSignaturePrivateKey"`
- `Exchange.SIGNATURE_PUBLIC_KEY_OR_CERT`, `"CamelSignaturePublicKeyOrCert"`

or
Even better would be to dynamically supply a keystore alias. Again the alias can be supplied in a message header

- `Exchange.KEYSTORE_ALIAS`, `"CamelSignatureKeyStoreAlias"`

or
The header would be set as follows

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Crypto Crypto is also available as a Data Format

## CXF Component

When using CXF as a consumer, the CXF Bean Component allows you to factor out how message payloads are received from their processing as a RESTful or SOAP web service. This has the potential of using a multitude of transports to consume web services. The bean component's configuration is also simpler and provides the fastest method to implement web services using Camel and CXF.

When using CXF in streaming modes (see DataFormat option), then also read about Stream caching.

The cxf: component provides integration with Apache CXF for connecting to JAX-WS services hosted in CXF.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

CXF dependencies

If you want to learn about CXF dependencies you can checkout the `WHICH-JARS` text file.

### URI format

Where cxfEndpoint represents a bean ID that references a bean in the Spring bean registry. With this URI format, most of the endpoint details are specified in the bean definition.

Where someAddress specifies the CXF endpoint's address. With this URI format, most of the endpoint details are specified using options.

For either style above, you can append options to the URI as follows:

### Options

Name | Required | Description
--- | --- | ---
`wsdlURL` | No | The location of the WSDL. It is obtained from endpoint address by default. Example: file://local/wsdl/hello.wsdl or `wsdl/hello.wsdl`
`serviceClass` | Yes | The name of the SEI (Service Endpoint Interface) class. This class can have, but does not require, JSR181 annotations. This option is only required by POJO mode. If the wsdlURL option is provided, serviceClass is not required for PAYLOAD and MESSAGE mode. When wsdlURL option is used without serviceClass, the serviceName and portName (endpointName for Spring configuration) options MUST be provided. It is possible to use `#` notation to reference a `serviceClass` object instance from the registry. E.g. `serviceClass=#beanName`. The `serviceClass` for a CXF producer (that is, the `to` endpoint) should be a Java interface. Since 2.8, it is possible to omit both wsdlURL and serviceClass options for PAYLOAD and MESSAGE mode. When they are omitted, arbitrary XML elements can be put in CxfPayload's body in PAYLOAD mode to facilitate CXF Dispatch Mode. Please be advised that the referenced object cannot be a Proxy (Spring AOP Proxy is OK) as it relies on `Object.getClass().getName()` method for non Spring AOP Proxy. Example: `org.apache.camel.Hello`
`serviceName` | No | The service name this service is implementing, it maps to the `wsdl:service@name`. Required for camel-cxf consumer since camel-2.2.0 or if more than one `serviceName` is present in WSDL. Example: {http://org.apache.camel}ServiceName
`endpointName` | No | The port name this service is implementing, it maps to the `wsdl:port@name`. Required for camel-cxf consumer since camel-2.2.0 or if more than one `portName` is present under `serviceName`. Example: {http://org.apache.camel}PortName
`dataFormat` | No | The data type messages supported by the CXF endpoint. Default: `POJO` Example: `POJO`, `PAYLOAD`, `MESSAGE`
`relayHeaders` | No | Please see the Description of `relayHeaders` option section for this option. Should a CXF endpoint relay headers along the route. Currently only available when `dataFormat=POJO` Default: `true` Example: `true`, `false`
`wrapped` | No | Which kind of operation that CXF endpoint producer will invoke Default: `false` Example: `true`, `false`
`wrappedStyle` | No | New in 2.5.0 The WSDL style that describes how parameters are represented in the SOAP body. If the value is false, CXF will chose the document-literal unwrapped style, If the value is true, CXF will chose the document-literal wrapped style Default: `Null` Example: `true`, `false`
`setDefaultBus` | No | Deprecated Will set the default bus when CXF endpoint create a bus by itself. This option is deprecated use defaultBus from Camel 2.16 onwards. Default: `false` Example: `true`, `false`
`defaultBus` | No | Camel 2.16: Will set the default bus when CXF endpoint create a bus by itself Default: `false` Example: `true`, `false`
`bus` | No | A default bus created by CXF Bus Factory. Use `#` notation to reference a bus object from the registry. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.cxf.Bus`. Example: `bus=#busName`
`cxfBinding` | No | Use `#` notation to reference a CXF binding object from the registry. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.CxfBinding` (use an instance of `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.DefaultCxfBinding`). Example: `cxfBinding=#bindingName`
`headerFilterStrategy` | No | Use `#` notation to reference a header filter strategy object from the registry. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.camel.spi.HeaderFilterStrategy` (use an instance of `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`). Example: `headerFilterStrategy=#strategyName`
`loggingFeatureEnabled` | No | New in 2.3. This option enables CXF Logging Feature which writes inbound and outbound SOAP messages to log. Default: `false` Example: `loggingFeatureEnabled``=true`
`defaultOperationName` | No | New in 2.4, this option will set the default operationName that will be used by the CxfProducer which invokes the remote service. Default: `null` Example: `defaultOperationName``=greetMe`
`defaultOperationNamespace` | No | New in 2.4. This option will set the default operationNamespace that will be used by the CxfProducer which invokes the remote service. Default: `null` Example: `defaultOperationNamespace``=``http://apache.org/hello_world_soap_http`
`synchronous` | No | New in 2.5. This option will let cxf endpoint decide to use sync or async API to do the underlying work. The default value is false which means camel-cxf endpoint will try to use async API by default. Default: `false` Example: synchronous=true
`publishedEndpointUrl` | No | New in 2.5. This option can override the endpointUrl that published from the WSDL which can be accessed with service address url plus ?wsdl. Default: `null` Example: publshedEndpointUrl=http://example.com/service
`properties.XXX` | No | Camel 2.8: Allows to set custom properties to CXF in the endpoint uri. For example setting `properties.mtom-enabled=true` to enable MTOM. `properties.org.apache.cxf.interceptor.OneWayProcessorInterceptor.USE_ORIGINAL_THREAD=true` just make sure the CXF doesn't switch the thread when start the invocation.
`allowStreaming` | No | New in Camel 2.8.2. This option controls whether the CXF component, when running in PAYLOAD mode (see below), will DOM parse the incoming messages into DOM Elements or keep the payload as a javax.xml.transform.Source object that would allow streaming in some cases.
`skipFaultLogging` | No | New in Camel 2.11. This option controls whether the PhaseInterceptorChain skips logging the Fault that it catches.
`cxfEndpointConfigurer` | No | New in Camel 2.11. This option could apply the implementation of `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.CxfEndpointConfigurer which` supports to configure the CXF endpoint in programmatic way. Since Camel 2.15.0, user can configure the CXF server and client by implementing configure{Server|Client} method of `CxfEndpointConfigurer`.
`username` | No | New in Camel 2.12.3 This option is used to set the basic authentication information of username for the CXF client.
`password` | No | New in Camel 2.12.3 This option is used to set the basic authentication information of password for the CXF client.
`continuationTimeout` | No | New in Camel 2.14.0 This option is used to set the CXF continuation timeout which could be used in CxfConsumer by default when the CXF server is using Jetty or Servlet transport. (Before Camel 2.14.0, CxfConsumer just set the continuation timeout to be 0, which means the continuation suspend operation never timeout.) Default: 30000 Example: continuation=80000

The `serviceName` and `portName` are QNames, so if you provide them be sure to prefix them with their {namespace} as shown in the examples above.

#### The descriptions of the dataformats

DataFormat | Description
--- | ---
`POJO` | POJOs (Plain old Java objects) are the Java parameters to the method being invoked on the target server. Both Protocol and Logical JAX-WS handlers are supported.
`PAYLOAD` | `PAYLOAD` is the message payload (the contents of the `soap:body`) after message configuration in the CXF endpoint is applied. Only Protocol JAX-WS handler is supported. Logical JAX-WS handler is not supported.
`MESSAGE` | `MESSAGE` is the raw message that is received from the transport layer. It is not suppose to touch or change Stream, some of the CXF interceptors will be removed if you are using this kind of DataFormat so you can't see any soap headers after the camel-cxf consumer and JAX-WS handler is not supported.
`CXF_MESSAGE` | New in Camel 2.8.2, `CXF_MESSAGE` allows for invoking the full capabilities of CXF interceptors by converting the message from the transport layer into a raw SOAP message

You can determine the data format mode of an exchange by retrieving the exchange property, `CamelCXFDataFormat`. The exchange key constant is defined in `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.CxfConstants.DATA_FORMAT_PROPERTY`.

##### How to enable CXF's LoggingOutInterceptor in MESSAGE mode

CXF's `LoggingOutInterceptor` outputs outbound message that goes on the wire to logging system (Java Util Logging). Since the `LoggingOutInterceptor` is in `PRE_STREAM` phase (but `PRE_STREAM` phase is removed in `MESSAGE` mode), you have to configure `LoggingOutInterceptor` to be run during the `WRITE` phase. The following is an example.

#### Description of relayHeaders option

There are in-band and out-of-band on-the-wire headers from the perspective of a JAXWS WSDL-first developer.

The in-band headers are headers that are explicitly defined as part of the WSDL binding contract for an endpoint such as SOAP headers.

The out-of-band headers are headers that are serialized over the wire, but are not explicitly part of the WSDL binding contract.

Headers relaying/filtering is bi-directional.

When a route has a CXF endpoint and the developer needs to have on-the-wire headers, such as SOAP headers, be relayed along the route to be consumed say by another JAXWS endpoint, then `relayHeaders` should be set to `true`, which is the default value.

##### Available only in POJO mode

The `relayHeaders=true` express an intent to relay the headers. The actual decision on whether a given header is relayed is delegated to a pluggable instance that implements the `MessageHeadersRelay` interface. A concrete implementation of `MessageHeadersRelay` will be consulted to decide if a header needs to be relayed or not. There is already an implementation of `SoapMessageHeadersRelay` which binds itself to well-known SOAP name spaces. Currently only out-of-band headers are filtered, and in-band headers will always be relayed when `relayHeaders=true`. If there is a header on the wire, whose name space is unknown to the runtime, then a fall back `DefaultMessageHeadersRelay` will be used, which simply allows all headers to be relayed.

The `relayHeaders=false` setting asserts that all headers in-band and out-of-band will be dropped.

You can plugin your own `MessageHeadersRelay` implementations overriding or adding additional ones to the list of relays. In order to override a preloaded relay instance just make sure that your `MessageHeadersRelay` implementation services the same name spaces as the one you looking to override. Also note, that the overriding relay has to service all of the name spaces as the one you looking to override, or else a runtime exception on route start up will be thrown as this would introduce an ambiguity in name spaces to relay instance mappings.

Take a look at the tests that show how you'd be able to relay/drop headers here:

https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/camel/branches/camel-1.x/components/camel-cxf/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/cxf/soap/headers/CxfMessageHeadersRelayTest.java

##### Changes since Release 2.0

- `POJO` and `PAYLOAD` modes are supported. In `POJO` mode, only out-of-band message headers are available for filtering as the in-band headers have been processed and removed from header list by CXF. The in-band headers are incorporated into the `MessageContentList` in POJO mode. The `camel-cxf` component does make any attempt to remove the in-band headers from the `MessageContentList`. If filtering of in-band headers is required, please use `PAYLOAD` mode or plug in a (pretty straightforward) CXF interceptor/JAXWS Handler to the CXF endpoint.

- The Message Header Relay mechanism has been merged into `CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`. The `relayHeaders` option, its semantics, and default value remain the same, but it is a property of `CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`.
  Here is an example of configuring it.

  Then, your endpoint can reference the `CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`.

- The `MessageHeadersRelay` interface has changed slightly and has been renamed to `MessageHeaderFilter`. It is a property of `CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`. Here is an example of configuring user defined Message Header Filters:

- Other than `relayHeaders`, there are new properties that can be configured in `CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`.

  Name | Required | Description
  --- | --- | ---
  `relayHeaders` | No | All message headers will be processed by Message Header Filters Type: `boolean` Default: `true`
  `relayAllMessageHeaders` | No | All message headers will be propagated (without processing by Message Header Filters) Type: `boolean` Default: `false`
  `allowFilterNamespaceClash` | No | If two filters overlap in activation namespace, the property control how it should be handled. If the value is `true`, last one wins. If the value is `false`, it will throw an exception Type: `boolean` Default: `false`

  ### Configure the CXF endpoints with Spring

  You can configure the CXF endpoint with the Spring configuration file shown below, and you can also embed the endpoint into the `camelContext` tags. When you are invoking the service endpoint, you can set the `operationName` and `operationNamespace` headers to explicitly state which operation you are calling.

  Be sure to include the JAX-WS `schemaLocation` attribute specified on the root beans element. This allows CXF to validate the file and is required. Also note the namespace declarations at the end of the `<cxf:cxfEndpoint/>` tag--these are required because the combined {`namespace}localName` syntax is presently not supported for this tag's attribute values.

  The `cxf:cxfEndpoint` element supports many additional attributes:

  Name | Value
  --- | ---
  `PortName` | The endpoint name this service is implementing, it maps to the `wsdl:port@name`. In the format of `ns:PORT_NAME` where `ns` is a namespace prefix valid at this scope.
  `serviceName` | The service name this service is implementing, it maps to the `wsdl:service@name`. In the format of `ns:SERVICE_NAME` where `ns` is a namespace prefix valid at this scope.
  `wsdlURL` | The location of the WSDL. Can be on the classpath, file system, or be hosted remotely.
  `bindingId` | The `bindingId` for the service model to use.
  `address` | The service publish address.
  `bus` | The bus name that will be used in the JAX-WS endpoint.
  `serviceClass` | The class name of the SEI (Service Endpoint Interface) class which could have JSR181 annotation or not.

  It also supports many child elements:

  Name | Value
  --- | ---
  `cxf:inInterceptors` | The incoming interceptors for this endpoint. A list of `<bean>` or `<ref>`.
  `cxf:inFaultInterceptors` | The incoming fault interceptors for this endpoint. A list of `<bean>` or `<ref>`.
  `cxf:outInterceptors` | The outgoing interceptors for this endpoint. A list of `<bean>` or `<ref>`.
  `cxf:outFaultInterceptors` | The outgoing fault interceptors for this endpoint. A list of `<bean>` or `<ref>`.
  `cxf:properties` | A properties map which should be supplied to the JAX-WS endpoint. See below.
  `cxf:handlers` | A JAX-WS handler list which should be supplied to the JAX-WS endpoint. See below.
  `cxf:dataBinding` | You can specify the which `DataBinding` will be use in the endpoint. This can be supplied using the Spring `<bean class="MyDataBinding"/>` syntax.
  `cxf:binding` | You can specify the `BindingFactory` for this endpoint to use. This can be supplied using the Spring `<bean class="MyBindingFactory"/>` syntax.
  `cxf:features` | The features that hold the interceptors for this endpoint. A list of {{<bean>}}s or {{<ref>}}s
  `cxf:schemaLocations` | The schema locations for endpoint to use. A list of {{<schemaLocation>}}s
  `cxf:serviceFactory` | The service factory for this endpoint to use. This can be supplied using the Spring `<bean class="MyServiceFactory"/>` syntax

You can find more advanced examples that show how to provide interceptors, properties and handlers on the CXF JAX-WS Configuration page.

NOTE
You can use cxf:properties to set the camel-cxf endpoint's dataFormat and setDefaultBus properties from spring configuration file.

### Configuring the CXF Endpoints with Apache Aries Blueprint.

Since camel 2.8 there is support for utilizing aries blueprint dependency injection for your CXF endpoints.
The schema utilized is very similar to the spring schema so the transition is fairly transparent.

Example

Currently the endpoint element is the first supported CXF namespacehandler.

You can also use the bean references just as in spring

### How to make the camel-cxf component use log4j instead of java.util.logging

CXF's default logger is `java.util.logging`. If you want to change it to log4j, proceed as follows. Create a file, in the classpath, named `META-INF/cxf/org.apache.cxf.logger`. This file should contain the fully-qualified name of the class, `org.apache.cxf.common.logging.Log4jLogger`, with no comments, on a single line.

### How to let camel-cxf response message with xml start document

If you are using some SOAP client such as PHP, you will get this kind of error, because CXF doesn't add the XML start document "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>"

To resolved this issue, you just need to tell StaxOutInterceptor to write the XML start document for you.

You can add a customer interceptor like this and configure it into you camel-cxf endpont
Or adding a message header for it like this if you are using Camel 2.4.

### How to override the CXF producer address from message header

The `camel-cxf` producer supports to override the services address by setting the message with the key of "CamelDestinationOverrideUrl".

### How to consume a message from a camel-cxf endpoint in POJO data format

The `camel-cxf` endpoint consumer POJO data format is based on the cxf invoker, so the message header has a property with the name of `CxfConstants.OPERATION_NAME` and the message body is a list of the SEI method parameters.

### How to prepare the message for the camel-cxf endpoint in POJO data format

The `camel-cxf` endpoint producer is based on the cxf client API. First you need to specify the operation name in the message header, then add the method parameters to a list, and initialize the message with this parameter list. The response message's body is a messageContentsList, you can get the result from that list.

If you don't specify the operation name in the message header, `CxfProducer` will try to use the `defaultOperationName` from `CxfEndpoint`, if there is no `defaultOperationName` set on `CxfEndpoint`, it will pickup the first operationName from the Operation list.

If you want to get the object array from the message body, you can get the body using `message.getbody(Object[].class)`, as follows:

### How to deal with the message for a camel-cxf endpoint in PAYLOAD data format

`PAYLOAD` means that you process the payload message from the SOAP envelope. You can use the `Header.HEADER_LIST` as the key to set or get the SOAP headers and use the `List<Element>` to set or get SOAP body elements.
`Message.getBody()` will return an `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.CxfPayload` object, which has getters for SOAP message headers and Body elements. This change enables decoupling the native CXF message from the Camel message.

### How to get and set SOAP headers in POJO mode

`POJO` means that the data format is a "list of Java objects" when the Camel-cxf endpoint produces or consumes Camel exchanges. Even though Camel expose message body as POJOs in this mode, Camel-cxf still provides access to read and write SOAP headers. However, since CXF interceptors remove in-band SOAP headers from Header list after they have been processed, only out-of-band SOAP headers are available to Camel-cxf in POJO mode.

The following example illustrate how to get/set SOAP headers. Suppose we have a route that forwards from one Camel-cxf endpoint to another. That is, SOAP Client -> Camel -> CXF service. We can attach two processors to obtain/insert SOAP headers at (1) before request goes out to the CXF service and (2) before response comes back to the SOAP Client. Processor (1) and (2) in this example are InsertRequestOutHeaderProcessor and InsertResponseOutHeaderProcessor. Our route looks like this:

SOAP headers are propagated to and from Camel Message headers. The Camel message header name is "org.apache.cxf.headers.Header.list" which is a constant defined in CXF (org.apache.cxf.headers.Header.HEADER_LIST). The header value is a List of CXF SoapHeader objects (org.apache.cxf.binding.soap.SoapHeader). The following snippet is the InsertResponseOutHeaderProcessor (that insert a new SOAP header in the response message). The way to access SOAP headers in both InsertResponseOutHeaderProcessor and InsertRequestOutHeaderProcessor are actually the same. The only difference between the two processors is setting the direction of the inserted SOAP header.

### How to get and set SOAP headers in PAYLOAD mode

We've already shown how to access SOAP message (CxfPayload object) in PAYLOAD mode (See "How to deal with the message for a camel-cxf endpoint in PAYLOAD data format").

Once you obtain a CxfPayload object, you can invoke the CxfPayload.getHeaders() method that returns a List of DOM Elements (SOAP headers).

Since Camel 2.16.0, you can also use the same way as described in sub-chapter "How to get and set SOAP headers in POJO mode" to set or get the SOAP headers. So, you can use now the header "org.apache.cxf.headers.Header.list" to get and set a list of SOAP headers.This does also mean that if you have a route that forwards from one Camel-cxf endpoint to another (SOAP Client -> Camel -> CXF service), now also the SOAP headers sent by the SOAP client are forwarded to the CXF service. If you do not want that these headers are forwarded you have to remove them in the Camel header "org.apache.cxf.headers.Header.list".

### SOAP headers are not available in MESSAGE mode

SOAP headers are not available in MESSAGE mode as SOAP processing is skipped.

### How to throw a SOAP Fault from Camel

If you are using a `camel-cxf` endpoint to consume the SOAP request, you may need to throw the SOAP Fault from the camel context.
Basically, you can use the `throwFault` DSL to do that; it works for `POJO`, `PAYLOAD` and `MESSAGE` data format.
You can define the soap fault like this

Then throw it as you like
If your CXF endpoint is working in the `MESSAGE` data format, you could set the the SOAP Fault message in the message body and set the response code in the message header.
Same for using POJO data format. You can set the SOAPFault on the out body and also indicate it's a fault by calling Message.setFault(true):

### How to propagate a camel-cxf endpoint's request and response context

cxf client API provides a way to invoke the operation with request and response context. If you are using a `camel-cxf` endpoint producer to invoke the outside web service, you can set the request context and get response context with the following code:

### Attachment Support

POJO Mode: Both SOAP with Attachment and MTOM are supported (see example in Payload Mode for enabling MTOM). However, SOAP with Attachment is not tested. Since attachments are marshalled and unmarshalled into POJOs, users typically do not need to deal with the attachment themself. Attachments are propagated to Camel message's attachments if the MTOM is not enabled, since 2.12.3. So, it is possible to retreive attachments by Camel Message API

.

Payload Mode: MTOM is supported since 2.1. Attachments can be retrieved by Camel Message APIs mentioned above. SOAP with Attachment (SwA) is supported and attachments can be retrieved since 2.5. SwA is the default (same as setting the CXF endpoint property "mtom-enabled" to false).

To enable MTOM, set the CXF endpoint property "mtom-enabled" to true. (I believe you can only do it with Spring.)

You can produce a Camel message with attachment to send to a CXF endpoint in Payload mode.
You can also consume a Camel message received from a CXF endpoint in Payload mode.
Message Mode: Attachments are not supported as it does not process the message at all.

CXF_MESSAGE Mode: MTOM is supported, and Attachments can be retrieved by Camel Message APIs mentioned above. Note that when receiving a multipart (i.e. MTOM) message the default SOAPMessage to String converter will provide the complete multipart payload on the body. If you require just the SOAP XML as a String, you can set the message body with message.getSOAPPart(), and Camel convert can do the rest of work for you.

### Streaming Support in PAYLOAD mode

In 2.8.2, the camel-cxf component now supports streaming of incoming messages when using PAYLOAD mode. Previously, the incoming messages would have been completely DOM parsed. For large messages, this is time consuming and uses a significant amount of memory. Starting in 2.8.2, the incoming messages can remain as a javax.xml.transform.Source while being routed and, if nothing modifies the payload, can then be directly streamed out to the target destination. For common "simple proxy" use cases (example: from("cxf:...").to("cxf:...")), this can provide very significant performance increases as well as significantly lowered memory requirements.

However, there are cases where streaming may not be appropriate or desired. Due to the streaming nature, invalid incoming XML may not be caught until later in the processing chain. Also, certain actions may require the message to be DOM parsed anyway (like WS-Security or message tracing and such) in which case the advantages of the streaming is limited. At this point, there are two ways to control the streaming:

- Endpoint property: you can add "allowStreaming=false" as an endpoint property to turn the streaming on/off.

- Component property: the CxfComponent object also has an allowStreaming property that can set the default for endpoints created from that component.

Global system property: you can add a system property of "org.apache.camel.component.cxf.streaming" to "false" to turn if off. That sets the global default, but setting the endpoint property above will override this value for that endpoint.

### Using the generic CXF Dispatch mode

From 2.8.0, the camel-cxf component supports the generic CXF dispatch mode that can transport messages of arbitrary structures (i.e., not bound to a specific XML schema). To use this mode, you simply omit specifying the wsdlURL and serviceClass attributes of the CXF endpoint.

It is noted that the default CXF dispatch client does not send a specific SOAPAction header. Therefore, when the target service requires a specific SOAPAction value, it is supplied in the Camel header using the key SOAPAction (case-insensitive).

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## CXF Bean Component

The cxfbean: component allows other Camel endpoints to send exchange and invoke Web service bean objects. Currently, it only supports JAX-RS and JAX-WS (new to Camel 2.1) annotated service beans.

`CxfBeanEndpoint` is a `ProcessorEndpoint` so it has no consumers. It works similarly to a Bean component.

Maven users need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml to use the CXF Bean Component:

### URI format

Where serviceBeanRef is a registry key to look up the service bean object. If `serviceBeanRef` references a `List` object, elements of the `List` are the service bean objects accepted by the endpoint.

### Options

Name | Description | Example | Required? | Default Value
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`bus` | CXF bus reference specified by the `#` notation. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.cxf.Bus`. | `bus=#busName` | No | Default bus created by CXF Bus Factory
`cxfBeanBinding` | CXF bean binding specified by the `#` notation. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.camel.component.cxf.cxfbean.CxfBeanBinding`. | `cxfBinding=#bindingName` | No | `DefaultCxfBeanBinding`
`headerFilterStrategy` | Header filter strategy specified by the `#` notation. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.camel.spi.HeaderFilterStrategy`. | `headerFilterStrategy=#strategyName` | No | `CxfHeaderFilterStrategy`
`populateFromClass` | Since 2.3, the wsdlLocation annotated in the POJO is ignored (by default) unless this option is set to `false.` Prior to 2.3, the wsdlLocation annotated in the POJO is always honored and it is not possible to ignore. | `true`, `false` | No | `true`
`providers` | Since 2.5, setting the providers for the CXFRS endpoint. | `providers=#providerRef1,#providerRef2` | No | `null`
`setDefaultBus` | Will set the default bus when CXF endpoint create a bus by itself. | `true`, `false` | No | `false`

### Headers

Name | Description | Type | Required? | Default Value | In/Out | Examples
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`CamelHttpCharacterEncoding` (before 2.0-m2: `CamelCxfBeanCharacterEncoding`) | Character encoding | `String` | No | None | In | ISO-8859-1
`CamelContentType` (before 2.0-m2: `CamelCxfBeanContentType`) | Content type | `String` | No | */* | In | `text/xml`
CamelHttpBaseUri (2.0-m3 and before: `CamelCxfBeanRequestBasePath`) | The value of this header will be set in the CXF message as the `Message.BASE_PATH` property. It is needed by CXF JAX-RS processing. Basically, it is the scheme, host and port portion of the request URI. | `String` | Yes | The Endpoint URI of the source endpoint in the Camel exchange | In | http://localhost:9000
`CamelHttpPath` (before 2.0-m2: `CamelCxfBeanRequestPat`h) | Request URI's path | `String` | Yes | None | In | `consumer/123`
`CamelHttpMethod` (before 2.0-m2: `CamelCxfBeanVerb`) | RESTful request verb | `String` | Yes | None | In | `GET`, `PUT`, `POST`, `DELETE`
`CamelHttpResponseCode` | HTTP response code | `Integer` | No | None | Out | 200

Currently, the CXF Bean component has (only) been tested with the Jetty component. It understands headers from Jetty component without requiring conversion.

### A Working Sample

This sample shows how to create a route that starts an embedded Jetty HTTP server. The route sends requests to a CXF Bean and invokes a JAX-RS annotated service.

First, create a route as follows: The `from` endpoint is a Jetty HTTP endpoint that is listening on port 9000. Notice that the `matchOnUriPrefix` option must be set to `true` because the RESTful request URI will not exactly match the endpoint's URI http://localhost:9000.

The `to` endpoint is a CXF Bean with bean name `customerServiceBean`. The name will be looked up from the registry. Next, we make sure our service bean is available in Spring registry. We create a bean definition in the Spring configuration. In this example, we create a List of service beans (of one element). We could have created just a single bean without a List.

That's it. Once the route is started, the web service is ready for business. A HTTP client can make a request and receive response.

## CXFRS Component

When using CXF as a consumer, the CXF Bean Component allows you to factor out how message payloads are received from their processing as a RESTful or SOAP web service. This has the potential of using a multitude of transports to consume web services. The bean component's configuration is also simpler and provides the fastest method to implement web services using Camel and CXF.

The cxfrs: component provides integration with Apache CXF for connecting to JAX-RS 1.1 and 2.0 services hosted in CXF.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml for this component:

### URI format

Where address represents the CXF endpoint's address

Where rsEndpoint represents the spring bean's name which presents the CXFRS client or server

For either style above, you can append options to the URI as follows:

### Options

Name | Description | Example | Required? | default value
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`resourceClasses` | The resource classes which you want to export as REST service. Multiple classes can be separated by comma. | `resourceClasses=org.apache.camel.rs.Example1,` `org.apache.camel.rs.Exchange2` | No | None
`resourceClass` | Deprecated: Use `resourceClasses` The resource class which you want to export as REST service. | `resourceClass =org.apache.camel.rs.Example1` | No | None
`httpClientAPI` | new to Camel 2.1 If it is true, the CxfRsProducer will use the HttpClientAPI to invoke the service If it is false, the CxfRsProducer will use the ProxyClientAPI to invoke the service | httpClientAPI=true | No | true
`synchronous` | New in 2.5, this option will let CxfRsConsumer decide to use sync or async API to do the underlying work. The default value is false which means it will try to use async API by default. | synchronous=true | No | false
`throwExceptionOnFailure` | New in 2.6, this option tells the CxfRsProducer to inspect return codes and will generate an Exception if the return code is larger than 207. | throwExceptionOnFailure=true | No | true
`maxClientCacheSize` | New in 2.6, you can set a IN message header CamelDestinationOverrideUrl to dynamically override the target destination Web Service or REST Service defined in your routes. The implementation caches CXF clients or ClientFactoryBean in CxfProvider and CxfRsProvider. This option allows you to configure the maximum size of the cache. | maxClientCacheSize=5 | No | 10
`setDefaultBus` | New in 2.9.0. deprecated use defaultBus option from Camel 2.16 onwards. Will set the default bus when CXF endpoint create a bus by itself | `setDefaultBus=true` | No | false
`defaultBus` | Camel 2.16: Will set the default bus when CXF endpoint create a bus by itself | `defaultBus=true` | No | false
`bus` | New in 2.9.0. A default bus created by CXF Bus Factory. Use `#` notation to reference a bus object from the registry. The referenced object must be an instance of `org.apache.cxf.Bus`. | `bus=#busName` | No | None
`bindingStyle` | As of 2.11. Sets how requests and responses will be mapped to/from Camel. Two values are possible: `SimpleConsumer` => see the Consuming a REST Request with the Simple Binding Style below. `Default` => the default style. For consumers this passes on a `MessageContentsList` to the route, requiring low-level processing in the route. Custom => allows you to specify a custom binding through the `binding` option. | `bindingStyle=SimpleConsumer` | No | Default
`binding` | Allows you to specify a custom `CxfRsBinding` implementation to perform low-level processing of the raw CXF request and response objects. The implementation must be bound in the Camel registry, and you must use the hash (#) notation to refer to it. | `binding=#myBinding` | No | `DefaultCxfRsBinding`
`providers` | Since Camel 2.12.2 set custom JAX-RS providers list to the CxfRs endpoint. | `providers=#MyProviders` | No | None
`schemaLocations` | Since Camel 2.12.2 Sets the locations of the schemas which can be used to validate the incoming XML or JAXB-driven JSON. | `schemaLocations=#MySchemaLocations` | No | None
`features` | Since Camel 2.12.3 Set the feature list to the CxfRs endpoint. | `features=#MyFeatures` | No | None
`properties` | Since Camel 2.12.4 Set the properties to the CxfRs endpoint. | `properties=#MyProperties` | No | None
`inInterceptors` | Since Camel 2.12.4 Set the inInterceptors to the CxfRs endpoint. | `inInterceptors=#MyInterceptors` | No | None
`outInterceptors` | Since Camel 2.12.4 Set the outInterceptor to the CxfRs endpoint. | `outInterceptors=#MyInterceptors` | No | None
`inFaultInterceptors` | Since Camel 2.12.4 Set the inFaultInterceptors to the CxfRs endpoint. | `inFaultInterceptors=#MyInterceptors` | No | None
`outFaultIntercetpros` | Since Camel 2.12.4 Set the outFaultInterceptors to the CxfRs endpoint. | `outFaultInterceptors=#MyInterceptors` | No | None
`continuationTimeout` | Since Camel 2.14.0 This option is used to set the CXF continuation timeout which could be used in CxfConsumer by default when the CXF server is using Jetty or Servlet transport. (Before Camel 2.14.0, CxfConsumer just set the continuation timeout to be 0, which means the continuation suspend operation never timeout.) | `continuationTimeout=800000` | No | 30000
`ignoreDeleteMethodMessageBody` | Since Camel 2.14.1 This option is used to tell CxfRsProducer to ignore the message body of the DELETE method when using HTTP API. | `ignoreDeleteMethodMessageBody=true` | No | false
`modelRef` | Since Camel 2.14.2 This option is used to specify the model file which is useful for the resource class without annotation. Since Camel 2.15 This option can point to a model file without specifying a service class for emulating document-only endpoints | `modelRef=`classpath:/CustomerServiceModel.xml | No | None
`performInvocation` | Since Camel 2.15 When the option is true, camel will perform the invocation of the resource class instance and put the response object into the exchange for further processing. | `performInvocation= true` | No | false
propagateContexts | Since Camel 2.15 When the option is true, JAXRS UriInfo, HttpHeaders, Request and SecurityContext contexts will be available to custom CXFRS processors as typed Camel exchange properties. These contexts can be used to analyze the current requests using JAX-RS API. |  |  |

You can also configure the CXF REST endpoint through the spring configuration. Since there are lots of difference between the CXF REST client and CXF REST Server, we provide different configuration for them.
Please check out the schema file and CXF JAX-RS documentation for more information.

### How to configure the REST endpoint in Camel

In camel-cxf schema file, there are two elements for the REST endpoint definition. cxf:rsServer for REST consumer, cxf:rsClient for REST producer.
You can find a Camel REST service route configuration example here.

### How to override the CXF producer address from message header

The `camel-cxfrs` producer supports to override the services address by setting the message with the key of "CamelDestinationOverrideUrl".

### Consuming a REST Request - Simple Binding Style

Available as of Camel 2.11

The `Default` binding style is rather low-level, requiring the user to manually process the `MessageContentsList` object coming into the route. Thus, it tightly couples the route logic with the method signature and parameter indices of the JAX-RS operation. Somewhat inelegant, difficult and error-prone.

In contrast, the `SimpleConsumer` binding style performs the following mappings, in order to make the request data more accessible to you within the Camel Message:

- JAX-RS Parameters (@HeaderParam, @QueryParam, etc.) are injected as IN message headers. The header name matches the value of the annotation.
- The request entity (POJO or other type) becomes the IN message body. If a single entity cannot be identified in the JAX-RS method signature, it falls back to the original `MessageContentsList`.
- Binary `@Multipart` body parts become IN message attachments, supporting `DataHandler`, `InputStream`, `DataSource` and CXF's `Attachment` class.
- Non-binary `@Multipart` body parts are mapped as IN message headers. The header name matches the Body Part name.

Additionally, the following rules apply to the Response mapping:

- If the message body type is different to `javax.ws.rs.core.Response` (user-built response), a new `Response` is created and the message body is set as the entity (so long it's not null). The response status code is taken from the `Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE` header, or defaults to 200 OK if not present.
- If the message body type is equal to `javax.ws.rs.core.Response`, it means that the user has built a custom response, and therefore it is respected and it becomes the final response.
- In all cases, Camel headers permitted by custom or default `HeaderFilterStrategy` are added to the HTTP response.

#### Enabling the Simple Binding Style

This binding style can be activated by setting the `bindingStyle` parameter in the consumer endpoint to value `SimpleConsumer`:

#### Examples of request binding with different method signatures

Below is a list of method signatures along with the expected result from the Simple binding.

`public Response doAction(BusinessObject request);`
Request payload is placed in IN message body, replacing the original MessageContentsList.

`public Response doAction(BusinessObject request, @HeaderParam("abcd") String abcd, @QueryParam("defg") String defg);`
Request payload placed in IN message body, replacing the original MessageContentsList. Both request params mapped as IN message headers with names abcd and defg.

`public Response doAction(@HeaderParam("abcd") String abcd, @QueryParam("defg") String defg);`
Both request params mapped as IN message headers with names abcd and defg. The original MessageContentsList is preserved, even though it only contains the 2 parameters.

`public Response doAction(@Multipart(value="body1") BusinessObject request, @Multipart(value="body2") BusinessObject request2);`
The first parameter is transferred as a header with name body1, and the second one is mapped as header body2. The original MessageContentsList is preserved as the IN message body.

`public Response doAction(InputStream abcd);`
The InputStream is unwrapped from the MessageContentsList and preserved as the IN message body.

`public Response doAction(DataHandler abcd);`
The DataHandler is unwrapped from the MessageContentsList and preserved as the IN message body.

#### More examples of the Simple Binding Style

Given a JAX-RS resource class with this method:

Serviced by the following route:

The following HTTP request with XML payload (given that the Customer DTO is JAXB-annotated):

Will print the message:

For more examples on how to process requests and write responses can be found here.

### Consuming a REST Request - Default Binding Style

The CXF JAXRS front end implements the JAX-RS (JSR-311) API, so we can export the resources classes as a REST service. And we leverage the CXF Invoker API to turn a REST request into a normal Java object method invocation.
Unlike the Camel Restlet component, you don't need to specify the URI template within your endpoint, CXF takes care of the REST request URI to resource class method mapping according to the JSR-311 specification. All you need to do in Camel is delegate this method request to a right processor or endpoint.

Here is an example of a CXFRS route...

And the corresponding resource class used to configure the endpoint...

Note about resource classes

By default, JAX-RS resource classes are only used to configure JAX-RS properties. Methods will not be executed during routing of messages to the endpoint. Instead, it is the responsibility of the route to do all processing.

Note that starting from Camel 2.15 it is also sufficient to provide an interface only as opposed to a no-op service implementation class for the default mode.

Starting from Camel 2.15, if a performInvocation option is enabled, the service implementation will be invoked first, the response will be set on the Camel exchange and the route execution will continue as usual. This can be useful for

integrating the existing JAX-RS implementations into Camel routes and for post-processing JAX-RS Responses in custom processors.

### How to invoke the REST service through camel-cxfrs producer

The CXF JAXRS front end implements a proxy-based client API, with this API you can invoke the remote REST service through a proxy. The `camel-cxfrs` producer is based on this proxy API.
You just need to specify the operation name in the message header and prepare the parameter in the message body, the camel-cxfrs producer will generate right REST request for you.

Here is an example:

The CXF JAXRS front end also provides a http centric client API. You can also invoke this API from `camel-cxfrs` producer. You need to specify the HTTP_PATH and the HTTP_METHOD and let the producer use the http centric client API by using the URI option httpClientAPI or by setting the message header CxfConstants.CAMEL_CXF_RS_USING_HTTP_API. You can turn the response object to the type class specified with the message header CxfConstants.CAMEL_CXF_RS_RESPONSE_CLASS.

From Camel 2.1, we also support to specify the query parameters from cxfrs URI for the CXFRS http centric client.

To support the Dynamical routing, you can override the URI's query parameters by using the CxfConstants.CAMEL_CXF_RS_QUERY_MAP header to set the parameter map for it.

## DataSet Component

Testing of distributed and asynchronous processing is notoriously difficult. The Mock, Test and DataSet endpoints work great with the Camel Testing Framework to simplify your unit and integration testing using Enterprise Integration Patterns and Camel's large range of Components together with the powerful Bean Integration.

The DataSet component provides a mechanism to easily perform load & soak testing of your system. It works by allowing you to create DataSet instances both as a source of messages and as a way to assert that the data set is received.

Camel will use the throughput logger when sending dataset's.

### URI format

Where name is used to find the DataSet instance in the Registry

Camel ships with a support implementation of `org.apache.camel.component.dataset.DataSet`, the `org.apache.camel.component.dataset.DataSetSupport` class, that can be used as a base for implementing your own DataSet. Camel also ships with a default implementation, the `org.apache.camel.component.dataset.SimpleDataSet` that can be used for testing.

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`produceDelay` | 3 | Allows a delay in ms to be specified, which causes producers to pause in order to simulate slow producers. Uses a minimum of 3 ms delay unless you set this option to -1 to force no delay at all.
`consumeDelay` | 0 | Allows a delay in ms to be specified, which causes consumers to pause in order to simulate slow consumers.
`preloadSize` | 0 | Sets how many messages should be preloaded (sent) before the route completes its initialization.
`initialDelay` | 1000 | Camel 2.1: Time period in millis to wait before starting sending messages.
`minRate` | 0 | Wait until the DataSet contains at least this number of messages

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Configuring DataSet

Camel will lookup in the Registry for a bean implementing the DataSet interface. So you can register your own DataSet as:

### Example

For example, to test that a set of messages are sent to a queue and then consumed from the queue without losing any messages:

The above would look in the Registry to find the foo DataSet instance which is used to create the messages.

Then you create a DataSet implementation, such as using the `SimpleDataSet` as described below, configuring things like how big the data set is and what the messages look like etc.

### Properties on SimpleDataSet

Property | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`defaultBody` | `Object` | `<hello>world!</hello>` | Specifies the default message body. For SimpleDataSet it is a constant payload; though if you want to create custom payloads per message, create your own derivation of `DataSetSupport`.
`reportCount` | `long` | `-1` | Specifies the number of messages to be received before reporting progress. Useful for showing progress of a large load test. If < 0, then `size` / 5, if is 0 then `size`, else set to `reportCount` value.
`size` | `long` | `10` | Specifies how many messages to send/consume.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Spring Testing

## Db4o Component

Available as of Camel 2.5

The db4o: component allows you to work with db4o NoSQL database. The camel-db4o library is provided by the Camel Extra project which hosts all *GPL related components for Camel.

### Sending to the endpoint

Sending POJO object to the db4o endpoint adds and saves object into the database. The body of the message is assumed to be a POJO that has to be saved into the db40 database store.

### Consuming from the endpoint

Consuming messages removes (or updates) POJO objects in the database. This allows you to use a Db4o datastore as a logical queue; consumers take messages from the queue and then delete them to logically remove them from the queue.

If you do not wish to delete the object when it has been processed, you can specify `consumeDelete=false` on the URI. This will result in the POJO being processed each poll.

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`consumeDelete` | `true` | Option for `Db4oConsumer` only. Specifies whether or not the entity is deleted after it is consumed.
`consumer.delay` | `500` | Option for consumer only. Delay in millis between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | Option for consumer only. Millis before polling starts.
`consumer.userFixedDelay` | `false` | Option for consumer only. Set to `true` to use fixed delay between polls, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Direct Component

The direct: component provides direct, synchronous invocation of any consumers when a producer sends a message exchange.
This endpoint can be used to connect existing routes in the same camel context.

Asynchronous

The SEDA component provides asynchronous invocation of any consumers when a producer sends a message exchange.

Connection to other camel contexts

The VM component provides connections between Camel contexts as long they run in the same JVM.

### URI format

Where someName can be any string to uniquely identify the endpoint

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description |
--- | --- | --- | ---
`allowMultipleConsumers` | `true` | @deprecated If set to `false`, then when a second consumer is started on the endpoint, an `IllegalStateException` is thrown. Will be removed in Camel 2.1: Direct endpoint does not support multiple consumers. |
`block` | `false` | Camel 2.11.1: If sending a message to a direct endpoint which has no active consumer, then we can tell the producer to block and wait for the consumer to become active. |
`timeout` | `30000` | Camel 2.11.1: The timeout value to use if block is enabled. |
`failIfNoConsumers` | true | Camel 2.16.0: Indicates whether the producer should fail by throwing an exception when sending to a DIRECT endpoint with no active consumers. |

    You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?option=value&option=value&...

### Samples

In the route below we use the direct component to link the two routes together:

And the sample using spring DSL:

See also samples from the SEDA component, how they can be used together.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- SEDA
- VM

## DNS

Available as of Camel 2.7

This is an additional component for Camel to run DNS queries, using DNSJava. The component is a thin layer on top of DNSJava.
The component offers the following operations:

- ip, to resolve a domain by its ip
- lookup, to lookup information about the domain
- dig, to run DNS queries

Requires SUN JVM

The DNSJava library requires running on the SUN JVM.
If you use Apache ServiceMix or Apache Karaf, you'll need to adjust the `etc/jre.properties` file, to add `sun.net.spi.nameservice` to the list of Java platform packages exported. The server will need restarting before this change takes effect.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The URI scheme for a DNS component is as follows

This component only supports producers.

### Options

None.

### Headers

Header | Type | Operations | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
dns.domain | String | ip | The domain name. Mandatory.
dns.name | String | lookup | The name to lookup. Mandatory.
dns.type |  | lookup, dig | The type of the lookup. Should match the values of `org.xbill.dns.Type`. Optional.
dns.class |  | lookup, dig | The DNS class of the lookup. Should match the values of `org.xbill.dns.DClass`. Optional.
dns.query | String | dig | The query itself. Mandatory.
dns.server | String | dig | The server in particular for the query. If none is given, the default one specified by the OS will be used. Optional.

### Examples

#### IP lookup

This looks up a domain's IP. For example, www.example.com resolves to 192.0.32.10.
The IP address to lookup must be provided in the header with key `"dns.domain"`.

#### DNS lookup

This returns a set of DNS records associated with a domain.
The name to lookup must be provided in the header with key `"dns.name"`.

#### DNS Dig

Dig is a Unix command-line utility to run DNS queries.

The query must be provided in the header with key `"dns.query"`.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## EJB Component

Available as of Camel 2.4

The ejb: component binds EJBs to Camel message exchanges.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where ejbName can be any string which is used to look up the EJB in the Application Server JNDI Registry

### Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`method` | `String` | `null` | The method name that bean will be invoked. If not provided, Camel will try to pick the method itself. In case of ambiguity an exception is thrown. See Bean Binding for more details.
`multiParameterArray` | `boolean` | `false` | How to treat the parameters which are passed from the message body; if it is `true`, the In message body should be an array of parameters.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

The EJB component extends the Bean component in which most of the details from the Bean component applies to this component as well.

### Bean Binding

How bean methods to be invoked are chosen (if they are not specified explicitly through the method parameter) and how parameter values are constructed from the Message are all defined by the Bean Binding mechanism which is used throughout all of the various Bean Integration mechanisms in Camel.

### Examples

In the following examples we use the Greater EJB which is defined as follows:

GreaterLocal.java

And the implementation

GreaterImpl.java

#### Using Java DSL

In this example we want to invoke the `hello` method on the EJB. Since this example is based on an unit test using Apache OpenEJB we have to set a `JndiContext` on the EJB component with the OpenEJB settings.

Then we are ready to use the EJB in the Camel route:

In a real application server

In a real application server you most likely do not have to setup a `JndiContext` on the EJB component as it will create a default `JndiContext` on the same JVM as the application server, which usually allows it to access the JNDI registry and lookup the EJBs.
However if you need to access a application server on a remote JVM or the likes, you have to prepare the properties beforehand.

#### Using Spring XML

And this is the same example using Spring XML instead:

Again since this is based on an unit test we need to setup the EJB component:

Before we are ready to use EJB in the Camel routes:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Bean
- Bean Binding
- Bean Integration

## Esper

The Esper component supports the Esper Library for Event Stream Processing. The camel-esper library is provided by the Camel Extra project which hosts all *GPL related components for Camel.

### URI format

When consuming from an Esper endpoint you must specify a pattern or eql statement to query the event stream.

Pattern example:

EQL example:

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`configured` | false | Available as of camel-extra 2.11.3: If flag is set to 'true' the default Esper configuration file (esper.cfg.xml) will be used. To configure Esper via a configuration file, please refer to the Esper documentation
`pattern` |  | The Esper Pattern expression as a String to filter events
`eql` |  | The Esper EQL expression as a String to filter events

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### EsperMessage

From Camel 2.12 onwards the esper consumer stores new and old events in the `org.apacheextras.camel.component.esper.EsperMessage` message as the input Message on the Exchange. You can get access to the esper event beans from java code with:

By default if you get the body of `org.apacheextras.camel.component.esper.EsperMessage` it returns the new `EventBean` as in previous versions.

### Demo

There is a demo which shows how to work with ActiveMQ, Camel and Esper in the Camel Extra project

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Esper Camel Demo

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## File Component

The File component provides access to file systems, allowing files to be processed by any other Camel Components or messages from other components to be saved to disk.

### URI format

or

Where directoryName represents the underlying file directory.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

Only directories

Camel supports only endpoints configured with a starting directory. So the directoryName must be a directory.
If you want to consume a single file only, you can use the fileName option, e.g. by setting `fileName=thefilename`.
Also, the starting directory must not contain dynamic expressions with ${ } placeholders. Again use the `fileName` option to specify the dynamic part of the filename.

Avoid reading files currently being written by another application

Beware the JDK File IO API is a bit limited in detecting whether another application is currently writing/copying a file. And the implementation can be different depending on OS platform as well. This could lead to that Camel thinks the file is not locked by another process and start consuming it. Therefore you have to do you own investigation what suites your environment. To help with this Camel provides different `readLock` options and `doneFileName` option that you can use. See also the section Consuming files from folders where others drop files directly.

### URI Options

#### Common

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`autoCreate` | `true` | Automatically create missing directories in the file's pathname. For the file consumer, that means creating the starting directory. For the file producer, it means the directory the files should be written to.
`bufferSize` | 128kb | Write buffer sized in bytes.
`fileName` | `null` | Use Expression such as File Language to dynamically set the filename. For consumers, it's used as a filename filter. For producers, it's used to evaluate the filename to write. If an expression is set, it take precedence over the `CamelFileName` header. (Note: The header itself can also be an Expression). The expression options support both `String` and `Expression` types. If the expression is a `String` type, it is always evaluated using the File Language. If the expression is an `Expression` type, the specified `Expression` type is used - this allows you, for instance, to use OGNL expressions. For the consumer, you can use it to filter filenames, so you can for instance consume today's file using the File Language syntax: `mydata-${date:now:yyyyMMdd}.txt`. From Camel 2.11 onwards the producers support the `CamelOverruleFileName` header which takes precedence over any existing `CamelFileName` header; the `CamelOverruleFileName` is a header that is used only once, and makes it easier as this avoids to temporary store `CamelFileName` and have to restore it afterwards.
`flatten` | `false` | Flatten is used to flatten the file name path to strip any leading paths, so it's just the file name. This allows you to consume recursively into sub-directories, but when you eg write the files to another directory they will be written in a single directory. Setting this to `true` on the producer enforces that any file name recived in `CamelFileName` header will be stripped for any leading paths.
`charset` | `null` | Camel 2.9.3: this option is used to specify the encoding of the file. You can use this on the consumer, to specify the encodings of the files, which allow Camel to know the charset it should load the file content in case the file content is being accessed. Likewise when writing a file, you can use this option to specify which charset to write the file as well. See further below for a examples and more important details.
`copyAndDeleteOnRenameFail` | `true` | Camel 2.9: whether to fallback and do a copy and delete file, in case the file could not be renamed directly. This option is not available for the FTP component.
`renameUsingCopy` | `false` | Camel 2.13.1: Perform rename operations using a copy and delete strategy. This is primarily used in environments where the regular rename operation is unreliable (e.g. across different file systems or networks). This option takes precedence over the `copyAndDeleteOnRenameFail` parameter that will automatically fall back to the copy and delete strategy, but only after additional delays.

#### Consumer

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`initialDelay` | `1000` | Milliseconds before polling the file/directory starts.
`delay` | `500` | Milliseconds before the next poll of the file/directory.
`useFixedDelay` |  | Controls if fixed delay or fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details. In Camel 2.7.x or older the default value is `false`. From Camel 2.8 onwards the default value is `true`.
`runLoggingLevel` | `TRACE` | Camel 2.8: The consumer logs a start/complete log line when it polls. This option allows you to configure the logging level for that.
`recursive` | `false` | If a directory, will look for files in all the sub-directories as well.
`delete` | `false` | If `true`, the file will be deleted after it is processed successfully.
`noop` | `false` | If `true`, the file is not moved or deleted in any way. This option is good for readonly data, or for ETL type requirements. If `noop=true`, Camel will set `idempotent=true` as well, to avoid consuming the same files over and over again.
`preMove` | `null` | Expression (such as File Language) used to dynamically set the filename when moving it before processing. For example to move in-progress files into the `order` directory set this value to `order`.
`move` | `.camel` | Expression (such as File Language) used to dynamically set the filename when moving it after processing. To move files into a `.done` subdirectory just enter `.done`.
`moveFailed` | `null` | Expression (such as File Language) used to dynamically set a different target directory when moving files in case of processing (configured via `move` defined above) failed. For example, to move files into a `.error` subdirectory use: `.error`. Note: When moving the files to the “fail” location Camel will handle the error and will not pick up the file again.
`include` | `null` | Is used to include files, if filename matches the regex pattern.
`exclude` | `null` | Is used to exclude files, if filename matches the regex pattern.
`antInclude` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Ant style filter inclusion, for example `antInclude=*``/``.txt`. Multiple inclusions may be specified in comma-delimited format. See below for more details about ant path filters.
`antExclude` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Ant style filter exclusion. If both `antInclude` and `antExclude` are used, `antExclude` takes precedence over `antInclude`. Multiple exclusions may be specified in comma-delimited format. See below for more details about ant path filters.
`antFilterCaseSensitive` | `true` | Camel 2.11: Ant style filter which is case sensitive or not.
`idempotent` | `false` | Option to use the Idempotent Consumer EIP pattern to let Camel skip already processed files. Will by default use a memory based LRUCache that holds 1000 entries. If `noop=true` then idempotent will be enabled as well to avoid consuming the same files over and over again.
`idempotentKey` | `Expression` | Camel 2.11: To use a custom idempotent key. By default the absolute path of the file is used. You can use the File Language, for example to use the file name and file size, you can do: .
`idempotentRepository` | `null` | A pluggable repository org.apache.camel.spi.IdempotentRepository which by default use `MemoryMessageIdRepository` if none is specified and `idempotent` is `true`.
`inProgressRepository` | `memory` | A pluggable in-progress repository org.apache.camel.spi.IdempotentRepository. The in-progress repository is used to account the current in progress files being consumed. By default a memory based repository is used.
`filter` | `null` | Pluggable filter as a `org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileFilter` class. Will skip files if filter returns `false` in its `accept()` method. More details in section below.
`shuffle` | `false` | Camel 2.16: To shuffle the list of files (sort in random order)
`sorter` | `null` | Pluggable sorter as a java.util.Comparator<org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFile> class.
`sortBy` | `null` | Built-in sort using the File Language. Supports nested sorts, so you can have a sort by file name and as a 2nd group sort by modified date. See sorting section below for details.
`readLock` | `none` | Used by consumer, to only poll the files if it has exclusive read-lock on the file (i.e. the file is not in-progress or being written). Camel will wait until the file lock is granted. This option provides the build in strategies: `none` is for no read locks at all. `markerFile` Camel creates a marker file (fileName.camelLock) and then holds a lock on it. This option is not available for the FTP component. `changed` is using file length/modification timestamp to detect whether the file is currently being copied or not. Will at least use 1 sec. to determine this, so this option cannot consume files as fast as the others, but can be more reliable as the JDK IO API cannot always determine whether a file is currently being used by another process. The option `readLockCheckInterval` can be used to set the check frequency. This option is only avail for the FTP component from Camel 2.8 onwards. Notice that from Camel 2.10.1 onwards the FTP option `fastExistsCheck` can be enabled to speedup this readLock strategy, if the FTP server support the LIST operation with a full file name (some servers may not). `fileLock` is for using `java.nio.channels.FileLock`. This option is not avail for the FTP component. This approach should be avoided when accessing a remote file system via a mount/share unless that file system supports distributed file locks. `rename` is for using a try to rename the file as a test if we can get exclusive read-lock. `idempotent` Camel 2.16 (only file component) is for using a `idempotentRepository` as the read-lock. This allows to use read locks that supports clustering if the idempotent repository implementation supports that. Warning: Most of the read lock strategies are not suitable for use in clustered mode. That is, you cannot have multiple consumers attempting to read the same file in the same directory. In this case, the read locks will not function reliably. The idempotent read lock supports clustered reliably if you use a cluster aware idempotent repository implementation such as from Hazelcast Component or Infinispan.
`readLockTimeout` | `10000` | Optional timeout in millis for the read-lock, if supported by the read-lock. If the read-lock could not be granted and the timeout triggered, then Camel will skip the file. At next poll Camel, will try the file again, and this time maybe the read-lock could be granted. Use a value of 0 or lower to indicate forever. In Camel 2.0 the default value is 0. Starting with Camel 2.1 the default value is 10000. Currently `fileLock`, `changed` and `rename` support the timeout. Notice: For FTP the default `readLockTimeout` value is `20000` instead of `10000`. The readLockTimeout value must be higher than readLockCheckInterval, but a rule of thumb is to have a timeout that is at least 2 or more times higher than the readLockCheckInterval. This is needed to ensure that amble time is allowed for the read lock process to try to grab the lock before the timeout was hit.
`readLockCheckInterval` | `1000` | Camel 2.6: Interval in millis for the read-lock, if supported by the read lock. This interval is used for sleeping between attempts to acquire the read lock. For example when using the `changed` read lock, you can set a higher interval period to cater for slow writes. The default of 1 sec. may be too fast if the producer is very slow writing the file. For FTP the default `readLockCheckInterval` is `5000`. The readLockTimeout value must be higher than readLockCheckInterval, but a rule of thumb is to have a timeout that is at least 2 or more times higher than the readLockCheckInterval. This is needed to ensure that amble time is allowed for the read lock process to try to grab the lock before the timeout was hit.
`readLockMinLength` | `1` | Camel 2.10.1: This option applied only for `readLock=changed`. This option allows you to configure a minimum file length. By default Camel expects the file to contain data, and thus the default value is 1. You can set this option to zero, to allow consuming zero-length files.
`readLockMinAge` | `0` | Camel 2.15: This option applied only for readLock=change. This options allows to specify a minimum age the file must be before attempting to acquire the read lock. For example use readLockMinAge=300s to require the file is at last 5 minutes old. This can speedup the changed read lock as it will only attempt to acquire files which are at least that given age. Notice for FTP users then file timestamps reported from FTP servers often are only in minutes precision, so the min age check would often requires to be reported in minutes, eg 60000 for 1 minute. Notice Camel support specifying this as 60s, or 1m, etc.
`readLockLoggingLevel` | `WARN` | Camel 2.12: Logging level used when a read lock could not be acquired. By default a WARN is logged. You can change this level, for example to OFF to not have any logging. This option is only applicable for readLock of types: changed, fileLock, rename.
`readLockMarkerFile` | `true` | Camel 2.14: Whether to use marker file with the `changed`, `rename`, or `exclusive` read lock types. By default a marker file is used as well to guard against other processes picking up the same files. This behavior can be turned off by setting this option to `false`. For example if you do not want to write marker files to the file systems by the Camel application.
`readLockRemoveOnRollback` | `true` | Camel 2.16: This option applied only for readLock=idempotent. This option allows to specify whether to remove the file name entry from the idempotent repository when processing the file failed and a rollback happens. If this option is false, then the file name entry is confirmed (as if the file did a commit).
readLockRemoveOnCommit | `false` | Camel 2.16: This option applied only for readLock=idempotent. This option allows to specify whether to remove the file name entry from the idempotent repository when processing the file succeeded and a commit happens. By default the file is not removed which ensures that any race-condition do not occur so another active node may attempt to grab the file. Instead the idempotent repository may support eviction strategies that you can configure to evict the file name entry after X minutes - this ensures no problems with race conditions.
`readLockDeleteOrphanLockFiles` | `true` | Camel 2.16: Whether or not read lock with marker files should upon startup delete any orphan read lock files, which may have been left on the file system, if Camel was not properly shutdown (such as a JVM crash). If turning this option to false then any orphaned lock file will cause Camel to not attempt to pickup that file, this could also be due another node is concurrently reading files from the same shared directory.
`directoryMustExist` | `false` | Camel 2.5: Similar to `startingDirectoryMustExist` but this applies during polling recursive sub directories.
`doneFileName` | `null` | Camel 2.6: If provided, Camel will only consume files if a done file exists. This option configures what file name to use. Either you can specify a fixed name. Or you can use dynamic placeholders. The done file is always expected in the same folder as the original file. See using done file and writing done file sections for examples.
`exclusiveReadLockStrategy` | `null` | Pluggable read-lock as a `org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileExclusiveReadLockStrategy` implementation.
`maxMessagesPerPoll` | `0` | An integer to define a maximum messages to gather per poll. By default no maximum is set. Can be used to set a limit of e.g. 1000 to avoid when starting up the server that there are thousands of files. Set a value of 0 or negative to disabled it. See more details at Batch Consumer. Notice: If this option is in use then the File and FTP components will limit before any sorting. For example if you have 100000 files and use `maxMessagesPerPoll=500`, then only the first 500 files will be picked up, and then sorted. You can use the `eagerMaxMessagesPerPoll` option and set this to `false` to allow to scan all files first and then sort afterwards.
`eagerMaxMessagesPerPoll` | `true` | Camel 2.9.3: Allows for controlling whether the limit from `maxMessagesPerPoll` is eager or not. If eager then the limit is during the scanning of files. Where as `false` would scan all files, and then perform sorting. Setting this option to `false` allows for sorting all files first, and then limit the poll. Mind that this requires a higher memory usage as all file details are in memory to perform the sorting.
`minDepth` | 0 | Camel 2.8: The minimum depth to start processing when recursively processing a directory. Using `minDepth=1` means the base directory. Using `minDepth=2` means the first sub directory. This option is supported by FTP consumer from Camel 2.8.2, 2.9 onwards.
`maxDepth` | `Integer.MAX_VALUE` | Camel 2.8: The maximum depth to traverse when recursively processing a directory. This option is supported by FTP consumer from Camel 2.8.2, 2.9 onwards.
`processStrategy` | `null` | A pluggable `org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileProcessStrategy` allowing you to implement your own `readLock` option or similar. Can also be used when special conditions must be met before a file can be consumed, such as a special ready file exists. If this option is set then the `readLock` option does not apply.
`startingDirectoryMustExist` | `false` | Camel 2.5: Whether the starting directory must exist. Mind that the `autoCreate` option is default enabled, which means the starting directory is normally auto created if it doesn't exist. You can disable `autoCreate` and enable this to ensure the starting directory must exist. Will thrown an exception if the directory doesn't exist.
`pollStrategy` | `null` | A pluggable `org.apache.camel.spi.PollingConsumerPollStrategy` allowing you to provide your custom implementation to control error handling usually occurred during the `poll` operation before an Exchange have been created and being routed in Camel. In other words the error occurred while the polling was gathering information, for instance access to a file network failed so Camel cannot access it to scan for files. The default implementation will log the caused exception at `WARN` level and ignore it.
`sendEmptyMessageWhenIdle` | `false` | Camel 2.9: If the polling consumer did not poll any files, you can enable this option to send an empty message (no body) instead.
`consumer.bridgeErrorHandler` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Allows for bridging the consumer to the Camel routing Error Handler, which mean any exceptions occurred while trying to pickup files, or the likes, will now be processed as a message and handled by the routing Error Handler. By default the consumer will use the `org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler` to deal with exceptions, that by default will be logged at WARN/ERROR level and ignored. See further below on this page fore more details, at section How to use the Camel error handler to deal with exceptions triggered outside the routing engine.
`scheduledExecutorService` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Allows for configuring a custom/shared thread pool to use for the consumer. By default each consumer has its own single threaded thread pool. This option allows you to share a thread pool among multiple file consumers.
`scheduler` | `null` | Camel 2.12: To use a custom scheduler to trigger the consumer to run. See more details at Polling Consumer, for example there is a Quartz2, and Spring based scheduler that supports CRON expressions.
`backoffMultiplier` | `0` | Camel 2.12: To let the scheduled polling consumer backoff if there has been a number of subsequent idles/errors in a row. The multiplier is then the number of polls that will be skipped before the next actual attempt is happening again. When this option is in use then `backoffIdleThreshold` and/or `backoffErrorThreshold` must also be configured. See more details at Polling Consumer.
`backoffIdleThreshold` | `0` | Camel 2.12: The number of subsequent idle polls that should happen before the `backoffMultipler` should kick-in.
`backoffErrorThreshold` | `0` | Camel 2.12: The number of subsequent error polls (failed due some error) that should happen before the `backoffMultipler` should kick-in.
`onCompletionExceptionHandler` |  | Camel 2.16: To use a custom `org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler` to handle any thrown exceptions that happens during the file on completion process where the consumer does either a commit or rollback. The default implementation will log any exception at WARN level and ignore.

#### Default behavior for file consumer

- By default the file is not locked for the duration of the processing.
- After the route has completed, files are moved into the `.camel` subdirectory, so that they appear to be deleted.
- The File Consumer will always skip any file whose name starts with a dot, such as `.`, `.camel`, `.m2` or `.groovy`.
- Only files (not directories) are matched for valid filename, if options such as: `include` or `exclude` are used.

#### Producer

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`fileExist` | `Override` | What to do if a file already exists with the same name. The following values can be specified: Override, Append, Fail, Ignore, Move, and TryRename (Camel 2.11.1). `Override`, which is the default, replaces the existing file. `Append` adds content to the existing file. `Fail` throws a `GenericFileOperationException`, indicating that there is already an existing file. `Ignore` silently ignores the problem and does not override the existing file, but assumes everything is okay. The `Move` option requires Camel 2.10.1 onwards, and the corresponding `moveExisting` option to be configured as well. The option `eagerDeleteTargetFile` can be used to control what to do if an moving the file, and there exists already an existing file, otherwise causing the move operation to fail. The `Move` option will move any existing files, before writing the target file. `TryRename` Camel 2.11.1 is only applicable if `tempFileName` option is in use. This allows to try renaming the file from the temporary name to the actual name, without doing any exists check. This check may be faster on some file systems and especially FTP servers.
`tempPrefix` | `null` | This option is used to write the file using a temporary name and then, after the write is complete, rename it to the real name. Can be used to identify files being written and also avoid consumers (not using exclusive read locks) reading in progress files. Is often used by FTP when uploading big files.
`tempFileName` | `null` | Camel 2.1: The same as `tempPrefix` option but offering a more fine grained control on the naming of the temporary filename as it uses the File Language.
`moveExisting` | `null` | Camel 2.10.1: Expression (such as File Language) used to compute file name to use when `fileExist=Move` is configured. To move files into a `backup` subdirectory just enter `backup`. This option only supports the following File Language tokens: "file:name", "file:name.ext", "file:name.noext", "file:onlyname", "file:onlyname.noext", "file:ext", and "file:parent". Notice the "file:parent" is not supported by the FTP component, as the FTP component can only move any existing files to a relative directory based on current dir as base.
`keepLastModified` | `false` | Camel 2.2: Will keep the last modified timestamp from the source file (if any). Will use the `Exchange.FILE_LAST_MODIFIED` header to located the timestamp. This header can contain either a `java.util.Date` or `long` with the timestamp. If the timestamp exists and the option is enabled it will set this timestamp on the written file. Note: This option only applies to the file producer. You cannot use this option with any of the ftp producers.
`eagerDeleteTargetFile` | `true` | Camel 2.3: Whether or not to eagerly delete any existing target file. This option only applies when you use `fileExists=Override` and the `tempFileName` option as well. You can use this to disable (set it to false) deleting the target file before the temp file is written. For example you may write big files and want the target file to exists during the temp file is being written. This ensure the target file is only deleted until the very last moment, just before the temp file is being renamed to the target filename. From Camel 2.10.1 onwards this option is also used to control whether to delete any existing files when `fileExist=Move` is enabled, and an existing file exists. If this option copyAndDeleteOnRenameFailis false, then an exception will be thrown if an existing file existed, if its true, then the existing file is deleted before the move operation.
`doneFileName` | `null` | Camel 2.6: If provided, then Camel will write a 2nd done file when the original file has been written. The done file will be empty. This option configures what file name to use. Either you can specify a fixed name. Or you can use dynamic placeholders. The done file will always be written in the same folder as the original file. See writing done file section for examples.
`allowNullBody` | `false` | Camel 2.10.1: Used to specify if a null body is allowed during file writing. If set to true then an empty file will be created, when set to false, and attempting to send a null body to the file component, a GenericFileWriteException of 'Cannot write null body to file.' will be thrown. If the `fileExist` option is set to 'Override', then the file will be truncated, and if set to `append` the file will remain unchanged.
`forceWrites` | `true` | Camel 2.10.5/2.11: Whether to force syncing writes to the file system. You can turn this off if you do not want this level of guarantee, for example if writing to logs / audit logs etc; this would yield better performance.
`chmod` | `null` | Camel 2.15.0: Specify the file permissions which is sent by the producer, the chmod value must be between 000 and 777; If there is a leading digit like in 0755 we will ignore it.

#### Default behavior for file producer

- By default it will override any existing file, if one exist with the same name.

### Move and Delete operations

Any move or delete operations is executed after (post command) the routing has completed; so during processing of the `Exchange` the file is still located in the inbox folder.

Lets illustrate this with an example:

When a file is dropped in the `inbox` folder, the file consumer notices this and creates a new `FileExchange` that is routed to the `handleOrder` bean. The bean then processes the `File` object. At this point in time the file is still located in the `inbox` folder. After the bean completes, and thus the route is completed, the file consumer will perform the move operation and move the file to the `.done` sub-folder.

The move and preMove options is considered as a directory name (though if you use an expression such as File Language, or Simple then the result of the expression evaluation is the file name to be used - eg if you set

then that's using the File Language which we use return the file name to be used), which can be either relative or absolute. If relative, the directory is created as a sub-folder from within the folder where the file was consumed.

By default, Camel will move consumed files to the `.camel` sub-folder relative to the directory where the file was consumed.

If you want to delete the file after processing, the route should be:

We have introduced a pre move operation to move files before they are processed. This allows you to mark which files have been scanned as they are moved to this sub folder before being processed.

You can combine the pre move and the regular move:

So in this situation, the file is in the `inprogress` folder when being processed and after it's processed, it's moved to the `.done` folder.

#### Fine grained control over Move and PreMove option

The move and preMove option is Expression-based, so we have the full power of the File Language to do advanced configuration of the directory and name pattern.
Camel will, in fact, internally convert the directory name you enter into a File Language expression. So when we enter `move=.done` Camel will convert this into: `${``file:parent``}/.done/${``file:onlyname`}. This is only done if Camel detects that you have not provided a ${ } in the option value yourself. So when you enter a ${ } Camel will not convert it and thus you have the full power.

So if we want to move the file into a backup folder with today's date as the pattern, we can do:

#### About moveFailed

The `moveFailed` option allows you to move files that could not be processed succesfully to another location such as a error folder of your choice. For example to move the files in an error folder with a timestamp you can use `moveFailed=/error/${``file:name.noext``}-${date:now:yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS}.${``file:ext`}.

See more examples at File Language

### Message Headers

The following headers are supported by this component:

#### File producer only

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelFileName` | Specifies the name of the file to write (relative to the endpoint directory). The name can be a `String`; a `String` with a File Language or Simple expression; or an Expression object. If it's `null` then Camel will auto-generate a filename based on the message unique ID.
`CamelFileNameProduced` | The actual absolute filepath (path + name) for the output file that was written. This header is set by Camel and its purpose is providing end-users with the name of the file that was written.
`CamelOverruleFileName` | Camel 2.11: Is used for overruling `CamelFileName` header and use the value instead (but only once, as the producer will remove this header after writing the file). The value can be only be a String. Notice that if the option `fileName` has been configured, then this is still being evaluated.

#### File consumer only

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelFileName` | Name of the consumed file as a relative file path with offset from the starting directory configured on the endpoint.
`CamelFileNameOnly` | Only the file name (the name with no leading paths).
`CamelFileAbsolute` | A `boolean` option specifying whether the consumed file denotes an absolute path or not. Should normally be `false` for relative paths. Absolute paths should normally not be used but we added to the move option to allow moving files to absolute paths. But can be used elsewhere as well.
`CamelFileAbsolutePath` | The absolute path to the file. For relative files this path holds the relative path instead.
`CamelFilePath` | The file path. For relative files this is the starting directory + the relative filename. For absolute files this is the absolute path.
`CamelFileRelativePath` | The relative path.
`CamelFileParent` | The parent path.
`CamelFileLength` | A `long` value containing the file size.
`CamelFileLastModified` | A `Long` value containing the last modified timestamp of the file. In Camel 2.10.3 and older the type is `Date`.

### Batch Consumer

This component implements the Batch Consumer.

#### Exchange Properties, file consumer only

As the file consumer is `BatchConsumer` it supports batching the files it polls. By batching it means that Camel will add some properties to the Exchange so you know the number of files polled the current index in that order.

Property | Description
--- | ---
`CamelBatchSize` | The total number of files that was polled in this batch.
`CamelBatchIndex` | The current index of the batch. Starts from 0.
`CamelBatchComplete` | A `boolean` value indicating the last Exchange in the batch. Is only `true` for the last entry.

This allows you for instance to know how many files exists in this batch and for instance let the Aggregator2 aggregate this number of files.

### Using charset

Available as of Camel 2.9.3
The charset option allows for configuring an encoding of the files on both the consumer and producer endpoints. For example if you read utf-8 files, and want to convert the files to iso-8859-1, you can do:

You can also use the `convertBodyTo` in the route. In the example below we have still input files in utf-8 format, but we want to convert the file content to a byte array in iso-8859-1 format. And then let a bean process the data. Before writing the content to the outbox folder using the current charset.

If you omit the charset on the consumer endpoint, then Camel does not know the charset of the file, and would by default use "UTF-8". However you can configure a JVM system property to override and use a different default encoding with the key `org.apache.camel.default.charset`.

In the example below this could be a problem if the files is not in UTF-8 encoding, which would be the default encoding for read the files.
In this example when writing the files, the content has already been converted to a byte array, and thus would write the content directly as is (without any further encodings).

You can also override and control the encoding dynamic when writing files, by setting a property on the exchange with the key `Exchange.CHARSET_NAME`. For example in the route below we set the property with a value from a message header.

We suggest to keep things simpler, so if you pickup files with the same encoding, and want to write the files in a specific encoding, then favor to use the `charset` option on the endpoints.

Notice that if you have explicit configured a `charset` option on the endpoint, then that configuration is used, regardless of the `Exchange.CHARSET_NAME` property.

If you have some issues then you can enable DEBUG logging on `org.apache.camel.component.file`, and Camel logs when it reads/write a file using a specific charset.
For example the route below will log the following:

And the logs:

### Common gotchas with folder and filenames

When Camel is producing files (writing files) there are a few gotchas affecting how to set a filename of your choice. By default, Camel will use the message ID as the filename, and since the message ID is normally a unique generated ID, you will end up with filenames such as: `ID-MACHINENAME-2443-1211718892437-1-0`. If such a filename is not desired, then you must provide a filename in the `CamelFileName` message header. The constant, `Exchange.FILE_NAME`, can also be used.

The sample code below produces files using the message ID as the filename:

To use `report.txt` as the filename you have to do:

... the same as above, but with `CamelFileName`:

And a syntax where we set the filename on the endpoint with the fileName URI option.

### Filename Expression

Filename can be set either using the expression option or as a string-based File Language expression in the `CamelFileName` header. See the File Language for syntax and samples.

### Consuming files from folders where others drop files directly

Beware if you consume files from a folder where other applications write files directly. Take a look at the different `readLock` options to see what suits your use cases. The best approach is however to write to another folder and after the write move the file in the drop folder. However if you write files directly to the drop folder then the option `changed` could better detect whether a file is currently being written/copied as it uses a file changed algorithm to see whether the file size / modification changes over a period of time. The other read lock options rely on Java File API that sadly is not always very good at detecting this. You may also want to look at the `doneFileName` option, which uses a marker file (done) to signal when a file is done and ready to be consumed.

### Using done files

Available as of Camel 2.6

See also section writing done files below.

If you want only to consume files when a done file exists, then you can use the `doneFileName` option on the endpoint.

Will only consume files from the bar folder, if a file name done exists in the same directory as the target files. Camel will automatically delete the done file when it's done consuming the files. From Camel 2.9.3 onwards Camel will not automatic delete the done file if `noop=true` is configured.

However its more common to have one done file per target file. This means there is a 1:1 correlation. To do this you must use dynamic placeholders in the `doneFileName` option. Currently Camel supports the following two dynamic tokens: `file:name` and `file:name.noext` which must be enclosed in ${ }. The consumer only supports the static part of the done file name as either prefix or suffix (not both).

In this example only files will be polled if there exists a done file with the name file name.done. For example

- `hello.txt` - is the file to be consumed
- `hello.txt.done` - is the associated done file

You can also use a prefix for the done file, such as:

- `hello.txt` - is the file to be consumed
- `ready-hello.txt` - is the associated done file

### Writing done files

Available as of Camel 2.6

After you have written af file you may want to write an additional done file as a kinda of marker, to indicate to others that the file is finished and has been written. To do that you can use the `doneFileName` option on the file producer endpoint.

Will simply create a file named `done` in the same directory as the target file.

However its more common to have one done file per target file. This means there is a 1:1 correlation. To do this you must use dynamic placeholders in the `doneFileName` option. Currently Camel supports the following two dynamic tokens: `file:name` and `file:name.noext` which must be enclosed in ${ }.

Will for example create a file named `done-foo.txt` if the target file was `foo.txt` in the same directory as the target file.

Will for example create a file named `foo.txt.done` if the target file was `foo.txt` in the same directory as the target file.

Will for example create a file named `foo.done` if the target file was `foo.txt` in the same directory as the target file.

### Samples

#### Read from a directory and write to another directory

#### Read from a directory and write to another directory using a overrule dynamic name

Listen on a directory and create a message for each file dropped there. Copy the contents to the `outputdir` and delete the file in the `inputdir`.

#### Reading recursively from a directory and writing to another

Listen on a directory and create a message for each file dropped there. Copy the contents to the `outputdir` and delete the file in the `inputdir`. Will scan recursively into sub-directories. Will lay out the files in the same directory structure in the `outputdir` as the `inputdir`, including any sub-directories.

Will result in the following output layout:

##### Using flatten

If you want to store the files in the outputdir directory in the same directory, disregarding the source directory layout (e.g. to flatten out the path), you just add the `flatten=true` option on the file producer side:

Will result in the following output layout:

#### Reading from a directory and the default move operation

Camel will by default move any processed file into a `.camel` subdirectory in the directory the file was consumed from.

Affects the layout as follows:
before

after

#### Read from a directory and process the message in java

The body will be a `File` object that points to the file that was just dropped into the `inputdir` directory.

#### Writing to files

Camel is of course also able to write files, i.e. produce files. In the sample below we receive some reports on the SEDA queue that we process before they are written to a directory.

#### Write to subdirectory using `Exchange.FILE_NAME`

Using a single route, it is possible to write a file to any number of subdirectories. If you have a route setup as such:

You can have `myBean` set the header `Exchange.FILE_NAME` to values such as:

This allows you to have a single route to write files to multiple destinations.

#### Writing file through the temporary directory relative to the final destination

Sometime you need to temporarily write the files to some directory relative to the destination directory. Such situation usually happens when some external process with limited filtering capabilities is reading from the directory you are writing to. In the example below files will be written to the `/var/myapp/filesInProgress` directory and after data transfer is done, they will be atomically moved to the`/var/myapp/finalDirectory` directory.

#### Using expression for filenames

In this sample we want to move consumed files to a backup folder using today's date as a sub-folder name:

See File Language for more samples.

### Avoiding reading the same file more than once (idempotent consumer)

Camel supports Idempotent Consumer directly within the component so it will skip already processed files. This feature can be enabled by setting the `idempotent=true` option.

Camel uses the absolute file name as the idempotent key, to detect duplicate files. From Camel 2.11 onwards you can customize this key by using an expression in the idempotentKey option. For example to use both the name and the file size as the key

By default Camel uses a in memory based store for keeping track of consumed files, it uses a least recently used cache holding up to 1000 entries. You can plugin your own implementation of this store by using the `idempotentRepository` option using the `#` sign in the value to indicate it's a referring to a bean in the Registry with the specified `id`.

Camel will log at `DEBUG` level if it skips a file because it has been consumed before:

#### Using a file based idempotent repository

In this section we will use the file based idempotent repository `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.FileIdempotentRepository` instead of the in-memory based that is used as default.
This repository uses a 1st level cache to avoid reading the file repository. It will only use the file repository to store the content of the 1st level cache. Thereby the repository can survive server restarts. It will load the content of the file into the 1st level cache upon startup. The file structure is very simple as it stores the key in separate lines in the file. By default, the file store has a size limit of 1mb. When the file grows larger Camel will truncate the file store, rebuilding the content by flushing the 1st level cache into a fresh empty file.

We configure our repository using Spring XML creating our file idempotent repository and define our file consumer to use our repository with the `idempotentRepository` using `#` sign to indicate Registry lookup:

#### Using a JPA based idempotent repository

In this section we will use the JPA based idempotent repository instead of the in-memory based that is used as default.

First we need a persistence-unit in `META-INF/persistence.xml` where we need to use the class `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jpa.MessageProcessed` as model.

Then we need to setup a Spring `jpaTemplate` in the spring XML file:
And finally we can create our JPA idempotent repository in the spring XML file as well:
And yes then we just need to refer to the jpaStore bean in the file consumer endpoint using the `idempotentRepository` using the `#` syntax option:

### Filter using org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileFilter

Camel supports pluggable filtering strategies. You can then configure the endpoint with such a filter to skip certain files being processed.

In the sample we have built our own filter that skips files starting with `skip` in the filename:

And then we can configure our route using the filter attribute to reference our filter (using `#` notation) that we have defined in the spring XML file:

#### Filtering using ANT path matcher

New options from Camel 2.10 onwards

There are now `antInclude` and `antExclude` options to make it easy to specify ANT style include/exclude without having to define the filter. See the URI options above for more information.

The ANT path matcher is shipped out-of-the-box in the camel-spring jar. So you need to depend on camel-spring if you are using Maven.
The reasons is that we leverage Spring's AntPathMatcher to do the actual matching.

The file paths is matched with the following rules:

- `?` matches one character
- `*` matches zero or more characters
- `**` matches zero or more directories in a path

The sample below demonstrates how to use it:

### Sorting using Comparator

Camel supports pluggable sorting strategies. This strategy it to use the build in `java.util.Comparator` in Java. You can then configure the endpoint with such a comparator and have Camel sort the files before being processed.

In the sample we have built our own comparator that just sorts by file name:

And then we can configure our route using the sorter option to reference to our sorter (`mySorter`) we have defined in the spring XML file:

URI options can reference beans using the # syntax

In the Spring DSL route about notice that we can refer to beans in the Registry by prefixing the id with `#`. So writing `sorter=#mySorter`, will instruct Camel to go look in the Registry for a bean with the ID, `mySorter`.

### Sorting using sortBy

Camel supports pluggable sorting strategies. This strategy it to use the File Language to configure the sorting. The `sortBy` option is configured as follows:

Where each group is separated with semi colon. In the simple situations you just use one group, so a simple example could be:

This will sort by file name, you can reverse the order by prefixing `reverse:` to the group, so the sorting is now Z..A:

As we have the full power of File Language we can use some of the other parameters, so if we want to sort by file size we do:

You can configure to ignore the case, using `ignoreCase:` for string comparison, so if you want to use file name sorting but to ignore the case then we do:

You can combine ignore case and reverse, however reverse must be specified first:

In the sample below we want to sort by last modified file, so we do:

And then we want to group by name as a 2nd option so files with same modifcation is sorted by name:

Now there is an issue here, can you spot it? Well the modified timestamp of the file is too fine as it will be in milliseconds, but what if we want to sort by date only and then subgroup by name?
Well as we have the true power of File Language we can use the its date command that supports patterns. So this can be solved as:

Yeah, that is pretty powerful, oh by the way you can also use reverse per group, so we could reverse the file names:

### Using GenericFileProcessStrategy

The option `processStrategy` can be used to use a custom `GenericFileProcessStrategy` that allows you to implement your own begin, commit and rollback logic.
For instance lets assume a system writes a file in a folder you should consume. But you should not start consuming the file before another ready file has been written as well.

So by implementing our own `GenericFileProcessStrategy` we can implement this as:

- In the `begin()` method we can test whether the special ready file exists. The begin method returns a `boolean` to indicate if we can consume the file or not.
- In the `abort()` method (Camel 2.10) special logic can be executed in case the `begin` operation returned `false`, for example to cleanup resources etc.
- in the `commit()` method we can move the actual file and also delete the ready file.

### Using filter

The `filter` option allows you to implement a custom filter in Java code by implementing the `org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileFilter` interface. This interface has an `accept` method that returns a boolean. Return `true` to include the file, and `false` to skip the file. From Camel 2.10 onwards, there is a `isDirectory` method on `GenericFile` whether the file is a directory. This allows you to filter unwanted directories, to avoid traversing down unwanted directories.

For example to skip any directories which starts with `"skip"` in the name, can be implemented as follows:

### How to use the Camel error handler to deal with exceptions triggered outside the routing engine

The file and ftp consumers, will by default try to pickup files. Only if that is successful then a Camel Exchange can be created and passed in the Camel routing engine.
When the Exchange is processed by the routing engine, then the Camel Error Handling takes over (eg the onException / errorHandler in the routes).
However outside the scope of the routing engine, any exceptions handling is component specific. Camel offers a `org.apache.camel.spi.ExceptionHandler` that allows components
to use that as a pluggable hook for end users to use their own implementation. Camel offers a default `LoggingExceptionHandler` that will log the exception at ERROR/WARN level.
For the file and ftp components this would be the case. However if you want to bridge the `ExceptionHandler` so it uses the Camel Error Handling, then
you need to implement a custom `ExceptionHandler` that will handle the exception by creating a Camel Exchange and send it to the routing engine; then the error handling of the routing engine can get triggered.

Easier with Camel 2.10

The new option consumer.bridgeErrorHandler can be set to true, to make this even easier. See further below for more details.

Here is such an example based upon an unit test.

First we have a custom `ExceptionHandler` where you can see we deal with the exception by sending it to a Camel Endpoint named "direct:file-error":

MyExceptionHandler
Then we have a Camel route that uses the Camel routing error handler, which is the `onException` where we handle any IOException being thrown.
We then send the message to the same "direct:file-error" endpoint, where we handle it by transforming it to a message, and then being sent to a Mock endpoint.
This is just for testing purpose. You can handle the exception in any custom way you want, such as using a Bean or sending an email etc.

Notice how we configure our custom `MyExceptionHandler` by using the `consumer.exceptionHandler` option to refer to `#myExceptionHandler` which is a id of the bean registered in the Registry. If using Spring XML or OSGi Blueprint, then that would be a <bean id="myExceptionHandler" class="com.foo.MyExceptionHandler"/>:

Camel route with routing engine error handling
The source code for this example can be seen here

#### Using consumer.bridgeErrorHandler

Available as of Camel 2.10

If you want to use the Camel Error Handler to deal with any exception occurring in the file consumer, then you can enable the `consumer.bridgeErrorHandler` option as shown below:

Using consumer.bridgeErrorHandler
So all you have to do is to enable this option, and the error handler in the route will take it from there.

Important when using consumer.bridgeErrorHandler

When using consumer.bridgeErrorHandler, then interceptors, OnCompletions does not apply. The Exchange is processed directly by the Camel Error Handler, and does not allow prior actions such as interceptors, onCompletion to take action.

### Debug logging

This component has log level TRACE that can be helpful if you have problems.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- File Language
- FTP
- Polling Consumer

## Flatpack Component

The Flatpack component supports fixed width and delimited file parsing via the FlatPack library.
Notice: This component only supports consuming from flatpack files to Object model. You can not (yet) write from Object model to flatpack format.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Or for a delimited file handler with no configuration file just use

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### URI Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`delimiter` | `,` | The default character delimiter for delimited files.
`textQualifier` | `"` | The text qualifier for delimited files.
`ignoreFirstRecord` | `true` | Whether the first line is ignored for delimited files (for the column headers).
`splitRows` | `true` | The component can either process each row one by one or the entire content at once.
`allowShortLines` | `false` | Camel 2.9.7 and 2.10.5 onwards: Allows for lines to be shorter than expected and ignores the extra characters.
`ignoreExtraColumns` | `false` | Camel 2.9.7 and 2.10.5 onwards: Allows for lines to be longer than expected and ignores the extra characters.

### Examples

- `flatpack:fixed:foo.pzmap.xml` creates a fixed-width endpoint using the `foo.pzmap.xml` file configuration.
- `flatpack:delim:bar.pzmap.xml` creates a delimited endpoint using the `bar.pzmap.xml` file configuration.
- `flatpack:foo` creates a delimited endpoint called `foo` with no file configuration.

### Message Headers

Camel will store the following headers on the IN message:

Header | Description
--- | ---
`camelFlatpackCounter` | The current row index. For `splitRows=false` the counter is the total number of rows.

### Message Body

The component delivers the data in the IN message as a `org.apache.camel.component.flatpack.DataSetList` object that has converters for `java.util.Map` or `java.util.List`.
Usually you want the `Map` if you process one row at a time (`splitRows=true`). Use `List` for the entire content (`splitRows=false`), where each element in the list is a `Map`.
Each `Map` contains the key for the column name and its corresponding value.

For example to get the firstname from the sample below:

However, you can also always get it as a `List` (even for `splitRows=true`). The same example:

### Header and Trailer records

The header and trailer notions in Flatpack are supported. However, you must use fixed record IDs:

- `header` for the header record (must be lowercase)
- `trailer` for the trailer record (must be lowercase)

The example below illustrates this fact that we have a header and a trailer. You can omit one or both of them if not needed.

### Using the endpoint

A common use case is sending a file to this endpoint for further processing in a separate route. For example:

You can also convert the payload of each message created to a `Map` for easy Bean Integration

## Flatpack DataFormat

The Flatpack component ships with the Flatpack data format that can be used to format between fixed width or delimited text messages to a `List` of rows as `Map`.

- marshal = from `List<Map<String, Object>>` to `OutputStream` (can be converted to `String`)
- unmarshal = from `java.io.InputStream` (such as a `File` or `String`) to a `java.util.List` as an `org.apache.camel.component.flatpack.DataSetList` instance.
  The result of the operation will contain all the data. If you need to process each row one by one you can split the exchange, using Splitter.

Notice: The Flatpack library does currently not support header and trailers for the marshal operation.

### Options

The data format has the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`definition` | `null` | The flatpack pzmap configuration file. Can be omitted in simpler situations, but its preferred to use the pzmap.
`fixed` | `false` | Delimited or fixed.
`ignoreFirstRecord` | `true` | Whether the first line is ignored for delimited files (for the column headers).
`textQualifier` | `"` | If the text is qualified with a char such as `"`.
`delimiter` | `,` | The delimiter char (could be `;` `,` or similar)
`parserFactory` | `null` | Uses the default Flatpack parser factory.
`allowShortLines` | `false` | Camel 2.9.7 and 2.10.5 onwards: Allows for lines to be shorter than expected and ignores the extra characters.
`ignoreExtraColumns` | `false` | Camel 2.9.7 and 2.10.5 onwards: Allows for lines to be longer than expected and ignores the extra characters.

### Usage

To use the data format, simply instantiate an instance and invoke the marshal or unmarshal operation in the route builder:

The sample above will read files from the `order/in` folder and unmarshal the input using the Flatpack configuration file `INVENTORY-Delimited.pzmap.xml` that configures the structure of the files. The result is a `DataSetList` object we store on the SEDA queue.

In the code above we marshal the data from a Object representation as a `List` of rows as `Maps`. The rows as `Map` contains the column name as the key, and the the corresponding value. This structure can be created in Java code from e.g. a processor. We marshal the data according to the Flatpack format and convert the result as a `String` object and store it on a JMS queue.

### Dependencies

To use Flatpack in your camel routes you need to add the a dependency on camel-flatpack which implements this data format.

If you use maven you could just add the following to your pom.xml, substituting the version number for the latest & greatest release (see the download page for the latest versions).

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## FreeMarker

The freemarker: component allows for processing a message using a FreeMarker template. This can be ideal when using Templating to generate responses for requests.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where templateName is the classpath-local URI of the template to invoke; or the complete URL of the remote template (eg: file://folder/myfile.ftl).

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`contentCache` | `true` | Cache for the resource content when it's loaded. Note: as of Camel 2.9 cached resource content can be cleared via JMX using the endpoint's `clearContentCache` operation.
`encoding` | `null` | Character encoding of the resource content.
`templateUpdateDelay` | `5` | Camel 2.9: Number of seconds the loaded template resource will remain in the cache.

### Headers

Headers set during the FreeMarker evaluation are returned to the message and added as headers. This provides a mechanism for the FreeMarker component to return values to the Message.

An example: Set the header value of `fruit` in the FreeMarker template:

The header, `fruit`, is now accessible from the `message.out.headers`.

### FreeMarker Context

Camel will provide exchange information in the FreeMarker context (just a `Map`). The `Exchange` is transferred as:

key | value
--- | ---
`exchange` | The `Exchange` itself.
`exchange.properties` | The `Exchange` properties.
`headers` | The headers of the In message.
`camelContext` | The Camel Context.
`request` | The In message.
`body` | The In message body.
`response` | The Out message (only for InOut message exchange pattern).

From Camel 2.14, you can setup your custom FreeMarker context in the message header with the key "CamelFreemarkerDataModel" just like this

### Hot reloading

The FreeMarker template resource is by default not hot reloadable for both file and classpath resources (expanded jar). If you set `contentCache=false`, then Camel will not cache the resource and hot reloading is thus enabled. This scenario can be used in development.

### Dynamic templates

Camel provides two headers by which you can define a different resource location for a template or the template content itself. If any of these headers is set then Camel uses this over the endpoint configured resource. This allows you to provide a dynamic template at runtime.

Header | Type | Description | Support Version
--- | --- | --- | ---
FreemarkerConstants.FREEMARKER_RESOURCE | org.springframework.core.io.Resource | The template resource | <= 2.1
FreemarkerConstants.FREEMARKER_RESOURCE_URI | String | A URI for the template resource to use instead of the endpoint configured. | >= 2.1
FreemarkerConstants.FREEMARKER_TEMPLATE | String | The template to use instead of the endpoint configured. | >= 2.1

### Samples

For example you could use something like:

To use a FreeMarker template to formulate a response for a message for InOut message exchanges (where there is a `JMSReplyTo` header).

If you want to use InOnly and consume the message and send it to another destination you could use:

And to disable the content cache, e.g. for development usage where the `.ftl` template should be hot reloaded:

And a file-based resource:

In Camel 2.1 it's possible to specify what template the component should use dynamically via a header, so for example:

### The Email Sample

In this sample we want to use FreeMarker templating for an order confirmation email. The email template is laid out in FreeMarker as:

And the java code:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## FTP/SFTP/FTPS Component

This component provides access to remote file systems over the FTP and SFTP protocols.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

More options

See File for more options as all the options from File is inherited.

Absolute paths

Absolute path is not supported.

Camel 2.16 will translate absolute path to relative by trimming all leading slashes from `directoryname`. There'll be WARN message printed in the logs.

Consuming from remote FTP server

Make sure you read the section titled Default when consuming files further below for details related to consuming files.

### URI format

Where directoryname represents the underlying directory. The directory name is a relative path. Absolute path's is not supported. The relative path can contain nested folders, such as /inbox/us.

For Camel versions before Camel 2.16, the directoryName must exist already as this component does not support the `autoCreate` option (which the file component does). The reason is that its the FTP administrator (FTP server) task to properly setup user accounts, and home directories with the right file permissions etc.

For Camel 2.16, `autoCreate` option is supported. When consumer starts, before polling is scheduled, there's additional FTP operation performed to create the directory configured for endpoint. The default value for `autoCreate` is `true`.

If no username is provided, then `anonymous` login is attempted using no password.
If no port number is provided, Camel will provide default values according to the protocol (ftp = 21, sftp = 22, ftps = 2222).

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

This component uses two different libraries for the actual FTP work. FTP and FTPS uses Apache Commons Net while SFTP uses JCraft JSCH.

The FTPS component is only available in Camel 2.2 or newer.
FTPS (also known as FTP Secure) is an extension to FTP that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) cryptographic protocols.

### URI Options

The options below are exclusive for the FTP component.

More options

See File for more options as all the options from File is inherited.

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`username` | `null` | Specifies the username to use to log in to the remote file systen.
`password` | `null` | Specifies the password to use to log in to the remote file system.
`account` | `null` | Camel 2.15.2: Specified the account to use to login to the remote FTP server (only for FTP and FTP Secure)
`binary` | `false` | Specifies the file transfer mode, BINARY or ASCII. Default is ASCII (`false`).
`disconnect` | `false` | Camel 2.2: Whether or not to disconnect from remote FTP server right after use. Can be used for both consumer and producer. Disconnect will only disconnect the current connection to the FTP server. If you have a consumer which you want to stop, then you need to stop the consumer/route instead.
`localWorkDirectory` | `null` | When consuming, a local work directory can be used to store the remote file content directly in local files, to avoid loading the content into memory. This is beneficial, if you consume a very big remote file and thus can conserve memory. See below for more details.
`passiveMode` | `false` | FTP and FTPS only: Specifies whether to use passive mode connections. Default is active mode (`false`).
`securityProtocol` | `TLS` | FTPS only: Sets the underlying security protocol. The following values are defined: `TLS`: Transport Layer Security `SSL`: Secure Sockets Layer
`disableSecureDataChannelDefaults` | `false` | Camel 2.4: FTPS only: Whether or not to disable using default values for `execPbsz` and `execProt` when using secure data transfer. You can set this option to `true` if you want to be in full control what the options `execPbsz` and `execProt` should be used.
`download` | `true` | Camel 2.11: Whether the FTP consumer should download the file. If this option is set to `false`, then the message body will be `null`, but the consumer will still trigger a Camel Exchange that has details about the file such as file name, file size, etc. It's just that the file will not be downloaded.
streamDownload | false | Camel 2.11: Whether the consumer should download the entire file up front, the default behavior, or if it should pass an InputStream read from the remote resource rather than an in-memory array as the in body of the Camel Exchange. This option is ignored if download is false or is localWorkDirectory is provided. This option is useful for working with large remote files.
`execProt` | `null` | Camel 2.4: FTPS only: Will by default use option `P` if secure data channel defaults hasn't been disabled. Possible values are: `C`: Clear `S`: Safe (SSL protocol only) `E`: Confidential (SSL protocol only) `P`: Private
`execPbsz` | `null` | Camel 2.4: FTPS only: This option specifies the buffer size of the secure data channel. If option `useSecureDataChannel` has been enabled and this option has not been explicit set, then value `0` is used.
`isImplicit` | `false` | FTPS only: Sets the security mode(implicit/explicit). Default is explicit (`false`).
`knownHostsFile` | `null` | SFTP only: Sets the `known_hosts` file, so that the SFTP endpoint can do host key verification.
`knownHostsUri` | `null` | SFTP only: Camel 2.11.1: Sets the `known_hosts` file (loaded from classpath by default), so that the SFTP endpoint can do host key verification.
`keyPair` | `null` | SFTP only: Camel 2.12.0: Sets the Java KeyPair for SSH public key authentication, it supports DSA or RSA keys.
`privateKeyFile` | `null` | SFTP only: Set the private key file to that the SFTP endpoint can do private key verification.
`privateKeyUri` | `null` | SFTP only: Camel 2.11.1: Set the private key file (loaded from classpath by default) to that the SFTP endpoint can do private key verification.
`privateKey` | `null` | SFTP only: Camel 2.11.1: Set the private key as byte[] to that the SFTP endpoint can do private key verification.
`privateKeyFilePassphrase` | `null` | SFTP only: Deprecated: use `privateKeyPassphrase` instead. Set the private key file passphrase to that the SFTP endpoint can do private key verification.
`privateKeyPassphrase` | `null` | SFTP only: Camel 2.11.1: Set the private key file passphrase to that the SFTP endpoint can do private key verification.
`preferredAuthentications` | `null` | SFTP only: Camel 2.10.7, 2.11.2,2.12.0: set the preferred authentications which SFTP endpoint will used. Some example include:password,publickey. If not specified the default list from JSCH will be used.
`ciphers` | `null` | Camel 2.8.2, 2.9: SFTP only Set a comma separated list of ciphers that will be used in order of preference. Possible cipher names are defined by JCraft JSCH. Some examples include: aes128-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-ctr,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc. If not specified the default list from JSCH will be used.
`fastExistsCheck` | `false` | Camel 2.8.2, 2.9: If set this option to be true, camel-ftp will use the list file directly to check if the file exists. Since some FTP server may not support to list the file directly, if the option is false, camel-ftp will use the old way to list the directory and check if the file exists. Note from Camel 2.10.1 onwards this option also influences `readLock=changed` to control whether it performs a fast check to update file information or not. This can be used to speed up the process if the FTP server has a lot of files.
`strictHostKeyChecking` | `no` | SFTP only: Camel 2.2: Sets whether to use strict host key checking. Possible values are: `no`, `yes` and `ask`. `ask` does not make sense to use as Camel cannot answer the question for you as its meant for human intervention. Note: The default in Camel 2.1 and below was `ask`.
`maximumReconnectAttempts` | `3` | Specifies the maximum reconnect attempts Camel performs when it tries to connect to the remote FTP server. Use 0 to disable this behavior.
`reconnectDelay` | `1000` | Delay in millis Camel will wait before performing a reconnect attempt.
`connectTimeout` | `10000` | Camel 2.4: Is the connect timeout in millis. This corresponds to using `ftpClient.connectTimeout` for the FTP/FTPS. For SFTP this option is also used when attempting to connect.
`soTimeout` | `null / 30000` | FTP and FTPS Only: Camel 2.4: Is the `SocketOptions.SO_TIMEOUT` value in millis. A good idea is to configure this to a value such as 300000 (5 minutes) to not hang a connection. On SFTP this option is set as timeout on the JSCH Session instance. Also SFTP from Camel 2.14.3/2.15.3/2.16 onwards. From Camel 2.16 onwards the default is 30000 (30 sec).
`timeout` | `30000` | FTP and FTPS Only: Camel 2.4: Is the data timeout in millis. This corresponds to using `ftpClient.dataTimeout` for the FTP/FTPS. For SFTP there is no data timeout.
`throwExceptionOnConnectFailed` | `false` | Camel 2.5: Whether or not to thrown an exception if a successful connection and login could not be establish. This allows a custom `pollStrategy` to deal with the exception, for example to stop the consumer or the likes.
`siteCommand` | `null` | FTP and FTPS Only: Camel 2.5: To execute site commands after successful login. Multiple site commands can be separated using a new line character (\n). Use `help site` to see which site commands your FTP server supports.
`stepwise` | `true` | Camel 2.6: Whether or not stepwise traversing directories should be used or not. Stepwise means that it will CD one directory at a time. See more details below. You can disable this in case you can't use this approach.
`separator` | `UNIX` | Camel 2.6: Dictates what path separator char to use when uploading files. `Auto` = Use the path provided without altering it. `UNIX` = Use unix style path separators. `Windows` = Use Windows style path separators. Since Camel 2.15.2: The default value is changed to UNIX style path, before Camel 2.15.2: The default value is `Auto.`
`chmod` | `null` | SFTP Producer Only: Camel 2.9: Allows you to set chmod on the stored file. For example `chmod=640`.
`compression` | 0 | SFTP Only: Camel 2.8.3/2.9: To use compression. Specify a level from 1 to 10. Important: You must manually add the needed JSCH zlib JAR to the classpath for compression support.
`receiveBufferSize` | `32768` | FTP/FTPS Only: Camel 2.15.1: The buffer size for downloading files. The default size is 32kb.
`ftpClient` | `null` | FTP and FTPS Only: Camel 2.1: Allows you to use a custom `org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient` instance.
`ftpClientConfig` | `null` | FTP and FTPS Only: Camel 2.1: Allows you to use a custom `org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClientConfig` instance.
`ftpClientConfig.XXX` |  | FTP and FTPS Only: To configure various options on the FTPClient instance from the uri. For example: `ftpClientConfig.receiveDataSocketBufferSize=8192&ftpClientConfig.sendDataSocketBufferSize=8192`
`serverAliveInterval` | `0` | SFTP Only: Camel 2.8 Allows you to set the serverAliveInterval of the sftp session
`serverAliveCountMax` | `1` | SFTP Only: Camel 2.8 Allows you to set the serverAliveCountMax of the sftp session
`ftpClient.trustStore.file` | `null` | FTPS Only: Sets the trust store file, so that the FTPS client can look up for trusted certificates.
`ftpClient.trustStore.type` | `JKS` | FTPS Only: Sets the trust store type.
`ftpClient.trustStore.algorithm` | `SunX509` | FTPS Only: Sets the trust store algorithm.
`ftpClient.trustStore.password` | `null` | FTPS Only: Sets the trust store password.
`ftpClient.keyStore.file` | `null` | FTPS Only: Sets the key store file, so that the FTPS client can look up for the private certificate.
`ftpClient.keyStore.type` | `JKS` | FTPS Only: Sets the key store type.
`ftpClient.keyStore.algorithm` | `SunX509` | FTPS Only: Sets the key store algorithm.
`ftpClient.keyStore.password` | `null` | FTPS Only: Sets the key store password.
`ftpClient.keyStore.keyPassword` | `null` | FTPS Only: Sets the private key password.
`sslContextParameters` | `null` | FTPS Only: Camel 2.9: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.util.jsse.SSLContextParameters` in the Registry. This reference overrides any configured SSL related options on ftpClient as well as the securityProtocol (SSL, TLS, etc.) set on FtpsConfiguration. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility.
`proxy` | `null` | SFTP Only: Camel 2.10.7, 2.11.1: Reference to a `com.jcraft.jsch.Proxy` in the Registry. This proxy is used to consume/send messages from the target SFTP host.
`useList` | `true` | FTP/FTPS Only: Camel 2.12.1: Whether the consumer should use FTP LIST command to retrieve directory listing to see which files exists. If this option is set to `false`, then `stepwise=false` must be configured, and also `fileName` must be configured to a fixed name, so the consumer knows the name of the file to retrieve. When doing this only that single file can be retrieved. See further below for more details.
`ignoreFileNotFoundOrPermissionError` | `false` | Camel 2.12.1: Whether the consumer should ignore when a file was attempted to be retrieved but did not exist (for some reason), or failure due insufficient file permission error. Camel 2.14.2: This option now applies to directories as well.
`sendNoop` | `true` | Camel 2.16: Producer only. Whether to send a noop command as a pre-write check before uploading files to the FTP server. This is enabled by default as a validation of the connection is still valid, which allows to silently re-connect to be able to upload the file. However if this causes problems, you can turn this option off.
`jschLoggingLevel` | `WARN` | SFTP Only: Camel 2.15.3/2.16: The logging level to use for JSCH activity logging. As JSCH is verbose at by default at INFO level the threshold is WARN by default.

FTPS component default trust store

When using the `ftpClient.` properties related to SSL with the FTPS component, the trust store accept all certificates. If you only want trust selective certificates, you have to configure the trust store with the `ftpClient.trustStore.xxx` options or by configuring a custom `ftpClient`.

When using `sslContextParameters`, the trust store is managed by the configuration of the provided SSLContextParameters instance.

You can configure additional options on the `ftpClient` and `ftpClientConfig` from the URI directly by using the `ftpClient.` or `ftpClientConfig.` prefix.

For example to set the `setDataTimeout` on the `FTPClient` to 30 seconds you can do:

You can mix and match and have use both prefixes, for example to configure date format or timezones.

You can have as many of these options as you like.

See the documentation of the Apache Commons FTP FTPClientConfig for possible options and more details. And as well for Apache Commons FTP FTPClient.

If you do not like having many and long configuration in the url you can refer to the `ftpClient` or `ftpClientConfig` to use by letting Camel lookup in the Registry for it.

For example:

And then let Camel lookup this bean when you use the # notation in the url.

### More URI options

See File2 as all the options there also applies for this component.

### Examples

`ftp://someone@someftpserver.com/public/upload/images/holiday2008?password=secret&binary=true`
`ftp://someoneelse@someotherftpserver.co.uk:12049/reports/2008/password=secret&binary=false`
`ftp://publicftpserver.com/download`

FTP Consumer does not support concurrency

The FTP consumer (with the same endpoint) does not support concurrency (the backing FTP client is not thread safe).
You can use multiple FTP consumers to poll from different endpoints. It is only a single endpoint that does not support concurrent consumers.

The FTP producer does not have this issue, it supports concurrency.

More information

This component is an extension of the File component. So there are more samples and details on the File component page.

### Default when consuming files

The FTP consumer will by default leave the consumed files untouched on the remote FTP server. You have to configure it explicitly if you want it to delete the files or move them to another location. For example you can use `delete=true` to delete the files, or use `move=.done` to move the files into a hidden done sub directory.

The regular File consumer is different as it will by default move files to a `.camel` sub directory. The reason Camel does not do this by default for the FTP consumer is that it may lack permissions by default to be able to move or delete files.

#### limitations

The option readLock can be used to force Camel not to consume files that is currently in the progress of being written. However, this option is turned off by default, as it requires that the user has write access. See the options table at File2 for more details about read locks.
There are other solutions to avoid consuming files that are currently being written over FTP; for instance, you can write to a temporary destination and move the file after it has been written.

When moving files using `move` or `preMove` option the files are restricted to the FTP_ROOT folder. That prevents you from moving files outside the FTP area. If you want to move files to another area you can use soft links and move files into a soft linked folder.

### Message Headers

The following message headers can be used to affect the behavior of the component

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelFileName` | Specifies the output file name (relative to the endpoint directory) to be used for the output message when sending to the endpoint. If this is not present and no expression either, then a generated message ID is used as the filename instead.
`CamelFileNameProduced` | The actual filepath (path + name) for the output file that was written. This header is set by Camel and its purpose is providing end-users the name of the file that was written.
`CamelFileBatchIndex` | Current index out of total number of files being consumed in this batch.
`CamelFileBatchSize` | Total number of files being consumed in this batch.
`CamelFileHost` | The remote hostname.
`CamelFileLocalWorkPath` | Path to the local work file, if local work directory is used.

In addition the FTP/FTPS consumer and producer will enrich the Camel `Message` with the following headers

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelFtpReplyCode` | Camel 2.11.1: The FTP client reply code (the type is a integer)
`CamelFtpReplyString` | Camel 2.11.1: The FTP client reply string

### About timeouts

The two set of libraries (see top) has different API for setting timeout. You can use the `connectTimeout` option for both of them to set a timeout in millis to establish a network connection. An individual `soTimeout` can also be set on the FTP/FTPS, which corresponds to using `ftpClient.soTimeout`. Notice SFTP will automatically use `connectTimeout` as its `soTimeout`. The `timeout` option only applies for FTP/FTSP as the data timeout, which corresponds to the `ftpClient.dataTimeout` value. All timeout values are in millis.

### Using Local Work Directory

Camel supports consuming from remote FTP servers and downloading the files directly into a local work directory. This avoids reading the entire remote file content into memory as it is streamed directly into the local file using `FileOutputStream`.

Camel will store to a local file with the same name as the remote file, though with `.inprogress` as extension while the file is being downloaded. Afterwards, the file is renamed to remove the `.inprogress` suffix. And finally, when the Exchange is complete the local file is deleted.

So if you want to download files from a remote FTP server and store it as files then you need to route to a file endpoint such as:

Optimization by renaming work file

The route above is ultra efficient as it avoids reading the entire file content into memory. It will download the remote file directly to a local file stream. The `java.io.File` handle is then used as the Exchange body. The file producer leverages this fact and can work directly on the work file `java.io.File` handle and perform a `java.io.File.rename` to the target filename. As Camel knows it's a local work file, it can optimize and use a rename instead of a file copy, as the work file is meant to be deleted anyway.

### Stepwise changing directories

Camel FTP can operate in two modes in terms of traversing directories when consuming files (eg downloading) or producing files (eg uploading)

- stepwise
- not stepwise

You may want to pick either one depending on your situation and security issues. Some Camel end users can only download files if they use stepwise, while others can only download if they do not. At least you have the choice to pick (from Camel 2.6 onwards).

In Camel 2.0 - 2.5 there is only one mode and it is:

- before 2.5 not stepwise
- 2.5 stepwise

From Camel 2.6 onwards there is now an option `stepwise` you can use to control the behavior.

Note that stepwise changing of directory will in most cases only work when the user is confined to it's home directory and when the home directory is reported as `"/"`.

The difference between the two of them is best illustrated with an example. Suppose we have the following directory structure on the remote FTP server we need to traverse and download files:

And that we have a file in each of sub-a (a.txt) and sub-b (b.txt) folder.

#### Using stepwise=true (default mode)

As you can see when stepwise is enabled, it will traverse the directory structure using CD xxx.

#### Using stepwise=false

As you can see when not using stepwise, there are no CD operation invoked at all.

### Samples

In the sample below we set up Camel to download all the reports from the FTP server once every hour (60 min) as BINARY content and store it as files on the local file system.

And the route using Spring DSL:

#### Consuming a remote FTPS server (implicit SSL) and client authentication

#### Consuming a remote FTPS server (explicit TLS) and a custom trust store configuration

### Filter using `org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileFilter`

Camel supports pluggable filtering strategies. This strategy it to use the build in `org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFileFilter` in Java. You can then configure the endpoint with such a filter to skip certain filters before being processed.

In the sample we have built our own filter that only accepts files starting with report in the filename.

And then we can configure our route using the filter attribute to reference our filter (using `#` notation) that we have defined in the spring XML file:

### Filtering using ANT path matcher

The ANT path matcher is a filter that is shipped out-of-the-box in the camel-spring jar. So you need to depend on camel-spring if you are using Maven.
The reason is that we leverage Spring's AntPathMatcher to do the actual matching.

The file paths are matched with the following rules:

- `?` matches one character
- `*` matches zero or more characters
- `**` matches zero or more directories in a path

The sample below demonstrates how to use it:

### Using a proxy with SFTP

To use an HTTP proxy to connect to your remote host, you can configure your route in the following way:

You can also assign a user name and password to the proxy, if necessary. Please consult the documentation for `com.jcraft.jsch.Proxy` to discover all options.

### Setting preferred SFTP authentication method

If you want to explicitly specify the list of authentication methods that should be used by `sftp` component, use `preferredAuthentications` option. If for example you would like Camel to attempt to authenticate with private/public SSH key and fallback to user/password authentication in the case when no public key is available, use the following route configuration:

### Consuming a single file using a fixed name

When you want to download a single file and knows the file name, you can use `fileName=myFileName.txt` to tell Camel the name of the file to download. By default the consumer will still do a FTP LIST command to do a directory listing and then filter these files based on the `fileName` option. Though in this use-case it may be desirable to turn off the directory listing by setting `useList=false`. For example the user account used to login to the FTP server may not have permission to do a FTP LIST command. So you can turn off this with `useList=false`, and then provide the fixed name of the file to download with `fileName=myFileName.txt`, then the FTP consumer can still download the file. If the file for some reason does not exist, then Camel will by default throw an exception, you can turn this off and ignore this by setting `ignoreFileNotFoundOrPermissionError=true`.

For example to have a Camel route that pickup a single file, and delete it after use you can do

Notice that we have use all the options we talked above above.

You can also use this with `ConsumerTemplate`. For example to download a single file (if it exists) and grab the file content as a String type:

### Debug logging

This component has log level TRACE that can be helpful if you have problems.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- File2

## Camel Components for Google App Engine

Tutorials

- A good starting point for using Camel on GAE is the Tutorial for Camel on Google App Engine
- The OAuth tutorial demonstrates how to implement OAuth in web applications.

The Camel components for Google App Engine (GAE) are part of the `camel-gae` project and provide connectivity to GAE's cloud computing services. They make the GAE cloud computing environment accessible to applications via Camel interfaces. Following this pattern for other cloud computing environments could make it easier to port Camel applications from one cloud computing provider to another. The following table lists the cloud computing services provided by Google and the supporting Camel components. The documentation of each component can be found by following the link in the Camel Component column.

GAE service | Camel component | Component description
--- | --- | ---
URL fetch service | ghttp | Provides connectivity to the GAE URL fetch service but can also be used to receive messages from servlets.
Task queueing service | gtask | Supports asynchronous message processing on GAE by using the task queueing service as message queue.
Mail service | gmail | Supports sending of emails via the GAE mail service. Receiving mails is not supported yet but will be added later.
Memcache service |  | Not supported yet.
XMPP service |  | Not supported yet.
Images service |  | Not supported yet.
Datastore service |  | Not supported yet.
Accounts service | gauth glogin | These components interact with the Google Accounts API for authentication and authorization. Google Accounts is not specific to Google App Engine but is often used by GAE applications for implementing security. The gauth component is used by web applications to implement a Google-specific OAuth consumer. This component can also be used to OAuth-enable non-GAE web applications. The glogin component is used by Java clients (outside GAE) for programmatic login to GAE applications. For instructions how to protect GAE applications against unauthorized access refer to the Security for Camel GAE applications page.

### Camel context

Setting up a `SpringCamelContext` on Google App Engine differs between Camel 2.1 and higher versions. The problem is that usage of the Camel-specific Spring configuration XML schema from the `http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring` namespace requires JAXB and Camel 2.1 depends on a Google App Engine SDK version that doesn't support JAXB yet. This limitation has been removed since Camel 2.2.

JMX must be disabled in any case because the `javax.management` package isn't on the App Engine JRE whitelist.

#### Camel 2.1

`camel-gae` 2.1 comes with the following `CamelContext` implementations.

- `org.apache.camel.component.gae.context.GaeDefaultCamelContext` (extends `org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultCamelContext`)
- `org.apache.camel.component.gae.context.GaeSpringCamelContext` (extends `org.apache.camel.spring.SpringCamelContext`)

Both disable JMX before startup. The `GaeSpringCamelContext` additionally provides setter methods adding route builders as shown in the next example.

appctx.xml

Alternatively, use the `routeBuilders` property of the `GaeSpringCamelContext` for setting a list of route builders. Using this approach, a `SpringCamelContext` can be configured on GAE without the need for JAXB.

#### Camel 2.2 or higher

With Camel 2.2 or higher, applications can use the `http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring` namespace for configuring a `SpringCamelContext` but still need to disable JMX. Here's an example.

appctx.xml

### The web.xml

Running Camel on GAE requires usage of the `CamelHttpTransportServlet` from `camel-servlet`. The following example shows how to configure this servlet together with a Spring application context XML file.

web.xml

The location of the Spring application context XML file is given by the `contextConfigLocation` init parameter. The `appctx.xml` file must be on the classpath. The servlet mapping makes the Camel application accessible under `http://<appname>.appspot.com/camel/...` when deployed to Google App Engine where `<appname>` must be replaced by a real GAE application name. The second servlet mapping is used internally by the task queueing service for background processing via web hooks. This mapping is relevant for the gtask component and is explained there in more detail.

## Hazelcast Component

Available as of Camel 2.7

The hazelcast: component allows you to work with the Hazelcast distributed data grid / cache. Hazelcast is a in memory data grid, entirely written in Java (single jar). It offers a great palette of different data stores like map, multi map (same key, n values), queue, list and atomic number. The main reason to use Hazelcast is its simple cluster support. If you have enabled multicast on your network you can run a cluster with hundred nodes with no extra configuration. Hazelcast can simply configured to add additional features like n copies between nodes (default is 1), cache persistence, network configuration (if needed), near cache, enviction and so on. For more information consult the Hazelcast documentation on http://www.hazelcast.com/docs.jsp.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Topic support is available as of Camel 2.15.

### Options

Name | Required | Description
--- | --- | ---
hazelcastInstance | No | Camel 2.14: The hazelcast instance reference which can be used for hazelcast endpoint. If you don't specify the instance reference, camel use the default hazelcast instance from the camel-hazelcast instance.
hazelcastInstanceName | No | Camel 2.16: The hazelcast instance reference name which can be used for hazelcast endpoint. If you don't specify the instance reference, camel use the default hazelcast instance from the camel-hazelcast instance.
operation | -1 | To specify a default operation to use, if no operation header has been provided. deprecated use defaultOperation instead.
defaultOperation | -1 | Camel 2.15: To specify a default operation to use, if no operation header has been provided.

You have to use the second prefix to define which type of data store you want to use.

### Sections

1. Usage of #map
2. Usage of #multimap
3. Usage of #queue
4. Usage of #topic
5. Usage of #list
6. Usage of #seda
7. Usage of atomic number
8. Usage of #cluster support (instance)
9. Usage of #replicatedmap

### Usage of Map

#### map cache producer - to("hazelcast:map:foo")

If you want to store a value in a map you can use the map cache producer. The map cache producer provides 5 operations (put, get, update, delete, query). For the first 4 you have to provide the operation inside the "hazelcast.operation.type" header variable. In Java DSL you can use the constants from `org.apache.camel.component.hazelcast.HazelcastConstants`.

Header Variables for the request message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.operation.type` | `String` | valid values are: put, delete, get, update, query
`hazelcast.objectId` | `String` | the object id to store / find your object inside the cache (not needed for the query operation)

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastOperationType` | `String` | valid values are: put, delete, get, update, query Version 2.8 From Camel 2.16: getAll, putIfAbsent, clear.
`CamelHazelcastObjectId` | `String` | the object id to store / find your object inside the cache (not needed for the query operation) Version 2.8

You can call the samples with:

##### Sample for put:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for get:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for update:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for delete:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for query

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

For the query operation Hazelcast offers a SQL like syntax to query your distributed map.

### map cache consumer - from("hazelcast:map:foo")

Hazelcast provides event listeners on their data grid. If you want to be notified if a cache will be manipulated, you can use the map consumer. There're 4 events: put, update, delete and envict. The event type will be stored in the "hazelcast.listener.action" header variable. The map consumer provides some additional information inside these variables:

Header Variables inside the response message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.listener.time` | `Long` | time of the event in millis
`hazelcast.listener.type` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "cachelistener"
`hazelcast.listener.action` | `String` | type of event - here added, updated, envicted and removed
`hazelcast.objectId` | `String` | the oid of the object
`hazelcast.cache.name` | `String` | the name of the cache - e.g. "foo"
`hazelcast.cache.type` | `String` | the type of the cache - here map

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastListenerTime` | `Long` | time of the event in millis Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerType` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "cachelistener" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerAction` | `String` | type of event - here added, updated, envicted and removed. Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastObjectId` | `String` | the oid of the object Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastCacheName` | `String` | the name of the cache - e.g. "foo" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastCacheType` | `String` | the type of the cache - here map Version 2.8

The object value will be stored within put and update actions inside the message body.

Here's a sample:

### Usage of Multi Map

#### multimap cache producer - to("hazelcast:multimap:foo")

A multimap is a cache where you can store n values to one key. The multimap producer provides 4 operations (put, get, removevalue, delete).

Header Variables for the request message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.operation.type` | `String` | valid values are: put, get, removevalue, delete
`hazelcast.objectId` | `String` | the object id to store / find your object inside the cache

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastOperationType` | `String` | valid values are: put, get, removevalue, delete Version 2.8 From Camel 2.16: clear.
`CamelHazelcastObjectId` | `String` | the object id to store / find your object inside the cache Version 2.8

##### Sample for put:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for removevalue:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

To remove a value you have to provide the value you want to remove inside the message body. If you have a multimap object {`key: "4711" values: { "my-foo", "my-bar"`}} you have to put "my-foo" inside the message body to remove the "my-foo" value.

##### Sample for get:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for delete:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

you can call them in your test class with:

#### multimap cache consumer - from("hazelcast:multimap:foo")

For the multimap cache this component provides the same listeners / variables as for the map cache consumer (except the update and enviction listener). The only difference is the multimap prefix inside the URI. Here is a sample:

Header Variables inside the response message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.listener.time` | `Long` | time of the event in millis
`hazelcast.listener.type` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "cachelistener"
`hazelcast.listener.action` | `String` | type of event - here added and removed (and soon envicted)
`hazelcast.objectId` | `String` | the oid of the object
`hazelcast.cache.name` | `String` | the name of the cache - e.g. "foo"
`hazelcast.cache.type` | `String` | the type of the cache - here multimap

Eviction will be added as feature, soon (this is a Hazelcast issue).

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastListenerTime` | `Long` | time of the event in millis Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerType` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "cachelistener" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerAction` | `String` | type of event - here added and removed (and soon envicted) Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastObjectId` | `String` | the oid of the object Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastCacheName` | `String` | the name of the cache - e.g. "foo" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastCacheType` | `String` | the type of the cache - here multimap Version 2.8

### Usage of Queue

#### Queue producer – to(“hazelcast:queue:foo”)

The queue producer provides 6 operations (add, put, poll, peek, offer, removevalue).

##### Sample for add:

##### Sample for put:

##### Sample for poll:

##### Sample for peek:

##### Sample for offer:

##### Sample for removevalue:

#### Queue consumer – from(“hazelcast:queue:foo”)

The queue consumer provides 2 operations (add, remove).

###

### Usage of Topic

#### Topic producer – to(“hazelcast:topic:foo”)

The topic producer provides only one operation (publish).

##### Sample for publish:

#### Topic consumer – from(“hazelcast:topic:foo”)

The topic consumer provides only one operation (received). This component is supposed to support multiple consumption as it's expected when it comes to topics so you are free to have as much consumers as you need on the same hazelcast topic.

### Usage of List

#### List producer – to(“hazelcast:list:foo”)

The list producer provides 4 operations (add, addAll, set, get, removevalue, removeAll, clear).

##### Sample for add:

##### Sample for get:

##### Sample for setvalue:

##### Sample for removevalue:

Note that CamelHazelcastObjectIndex header is used for indexing purpose.

#### The list consumer provides 2 operations (add, remove).List consumer – from(“hazelcast:list:foo”)

### Usage of SEDA

SEDA component differs from the rest components provided. It implements a work-queue in order to support asynchronous SEDA architectures, similar to the core "SEDA" component.

#### SEDA producer – to(“hazelcast:seda:foo”)

The SEDA producer provides no operations. You only send data to the specified queue.

Name | default value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`transferExchange` | `false` | Camel 2.8.0: if set to true the whole Exchange will be transfered. If header or body contains not serializable objects, they will be skipped.

Java DSL :

Spring DSL :

#### SEDA consumer – from(“hazelcast:seda:foo”)

The SEDA consumer provides no operations. You only retrieve data from the specified queue.

Name | default value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`pollInterval` | `1000` | The timeout used when consuming from the SEDA queue. When a timeout occurs, the consumer can check whether it is allowed to continue running. Setting a lower value allows the consumer to react more quickly upon shutdown. (deprecated from Camel 2.15 onwards, use pollTimeout instead).
`pollTimeout` | 1000 | Camel 2.15: The timeout used when consuming from the SEDA queue. When a timeout occurs, the consumer can check whether it is allowed to continue running. Setting a lower value allows the consumer to react more quickly upon shutdown.
`concurrentConsumers` | `1` | To use concurrent consumers polling from the SEDA queue.
`transferExchange` | `false` | Camel 2.8.0: if set to true the whole Exchange will be transfered. If header or body contains not serializable objects, they will be skipped.
`transacted` | `false` | Camel 2.10.4: if set to true then the consumer runs in transaction mode, where the messages in the seda queue will only be removed if the transaction commits, which happens when the processing is complete.

Java DSL :

Spring DSL:

### Usage of Atomic Number

There is no consumer for this endpoint!

#### atomic number producer - to("hazelcast:atomicnumber:foo")

An atomic number is an object that simply provides a grid wide number (long). The operations for this producer are setvalue (set the number with a given value), get, increase (+1), decrease (-1) and destroy.

Header Variables for the request message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.operation.type` | `String` | valid values are: setvalue, get, increase, decrease, destroy

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastOperationType` | `String` | valid values are: setvalue, get, increase, decrease, destroy Available as of Camel version 2.8

##### Sample for set:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

Provide the value to set inside the message body (here the value is 10): `template.sendBody("direct:set", 10);`

##### Sample for get:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

You can get the number with `long body = template.requestBody("direct:get", null, Long.class);`.

##### Sample for increment:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

The actual value (after increment) will be provided inside the message body.

##### Sample for decrement:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

The actual value (after decrement) will be provided inside the message body.

##### Sample for destroy

There's a bug inside Hazelcast. So this feature may not work properly. Will be fixed in 1.9.3.

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

### cluster support

This endpoint provides no producer!

### instance consumer - from("hazelcast:instance:foo")

Hazelcast makes sense in one single "server node", but it's extremly powerful in a clustered environment. The instance consumer fires if a new cache instance will join or leave the cluster.

Here's a sample:

Each event provides the following information inside the message header:

Header Variables inside the response message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.listener.time` | `Long` | time of the event in millis
`hazelcast.listener.type` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "instancelistener"
`hazelcast.listener.action` | `String` | type of event - here added or removed
`hazelcast.instance.host` | `String` | host name of the instance
`hazelcast.instance.port` | `Integer` | port number of the instance

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastListenerTime` | `Long` | time of the event in millis Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerType` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "instancelistener" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerActionn` | `String` | type of event - here added or removed. Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastInstanceHost` | `String` | host name of the instance Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastInstancePort` | `Integer` | port number of the instance Version 2.8

### Using hazelcast reference

#### By its name

#### By instance

### Publishing hazelcast instance as an OSGI service

If operating in an OSGI container and you would want to use one instance of hazelcast across all bundles in the same container. You can publish the instance as an OSGI service and bundles using the cache al need is to reference the service in the hazelcast endpoint.

#### Bundle A create an instance and publishes it as an OSGI service

#### Bundle B uses the instance

### Usage of Replicated map

Avalaible from Camel 2.16

#### replicatedmap cache producer - to("hazelcast:replicatedmap:foo")

A replicated map is a weakly consistent, distributed key-value data structure with no data partition. The replicatedmap producer provides 4 operations (put, get, delete, clear).

Header Variables for the request message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.operation.type` | `String` | valid values are: put, get, delete, clear
`hazelcast.objectId` | `String` | the object id to store / find your object inside the cache

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastOperationType` | `String` | valid values are: put, get, removevalue, delete Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastObjectId` | `String` | the object id to store / find your object inside the cache Version 2.8

##### Sample for put:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for get:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

##### Sample for delete:

Java DSL:

Spring DSL:

you can call them in your test class with:

#### replicatedmap cache consumer - from("hazelcast:replicatedmap:foo")

For the multimap cache this component provides the same listeners / variables as for the map cache consumer (except the update and enviction listener). The only difference is the multimap prefix inside the URI. Here is a sample:

Header Variables inside the response message:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`hazelcast.listener.time` | `Long` | time of the event in millis
`hazelcast.listener.type` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "cachelistener"
`hazelcast.listener.action` | `String` | type of event - here added and removed (and soon envicted)
`hazelcast.objectId` | `String` | the oid of the object
`hazelcast.cache.name` | `String` | the name of the cache - e.g. "foo"
`hazelcast.cache.type` | `String` | the type of the cache - here replicatedmap

Eviction will be added as feature, soon (this is a Hazelcast issue).

Header variables have changed in Camel 2.8

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHazelcastListenerTime` | `Long` | time of the event in millis Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerType` | `String` | the map consumer sets here "cachelistener" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastListenerAction` | `String` | type of event - here added and removed (and soon envicted) Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastObjectId` | `String` | the oid of the object Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastCacheName` | `String` | the name of the cache - e.g. "foo" Version 2.8
`CamelHazelcastCacheType` | `String` | the type of the cache - here replicatedmap Version 2.8

## HDFS Component

Available as of Camel 2.8

The hdfs component enables you to read and write messages from/to an HDFS file system. HDFS is the distributed file system at the heart of Hadoop.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`
The path is treated in the following way:

1. as a consumer, if it's a file, it just reads the file, otherwise if it represents a directory it scans all the file under the path satisfying the configured pattern. All the files under that directory must be of the same type.
2. as a producer, if at least one split strategy is defined, the path is considered a directory and under that directory the producer creates a different file per split named using the configured UuidGenerator.

When consuming from hdfs then in normal mode, a file is split into chunks, producing a message per chunk. You can configure the size of the chunk using the chunkSize option. If you want to read from hdfs and write to a regular file using the file component, then you can use the fileMode=Append to append each of the chunks together.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`overwrite` | `true` | The file can be overwritten
`append` | `false` | Append to existing file. Notice that not all HDFS file systems support the append option.
`bufferSize` | `4096` | The buffer size used by HDFS
`replication` | `3` | The HDFS replication factor
`blockSize` | `67108864` | The size of the HDFS blocks
`fileType` | `NORMAL_FILE` | It can be SEQUENCE_FILE, MAP_FILE, ARRAY_FILE, or BLOOMMAP_FILE, see Hadoop
`fileSystemType` | `HDFS` | It can be LOCAL for local filesystem
`keyType` | `NULL` | The type for the key in case of sequence or map files. See below.
`valueType` | `TEXT` | The type for the key in case of sequence or map files. See below.
`splitStrategy` |  | A string describing the strategy on how to split the file based on different criteria. See below.
`openedSuffix` | `opened` | When a file is opened for reading/writing the file is renamed with this suffix to avoid to read it during the writing phase.
`readSuffix` | `read` | Once the file has been read is renamed with this suffix to avoid to read it again.
`initialDelay` | `0` | For the consumer, how much to wait (milliseconds) before to start scanning the directory.
`delay` | `0` | The interval (milliseconds) between the directory scans.
`pattern` | `*` | The pattern used for scanning the directory
`chunkSize` | `4096` | When reading a normal file, this is split into chunks producing a message per chunk.
`connectOnStartup` | `true` | Camel 2.9.3/2.10.1: Whether to connect to the HDFS file system on starting the producer/consumer. If `false` then the connection is created on-demand. Notice that HDFS may take up till 15 minutes to establish a connection, as it has hardcoded 45 x 20 sec redelivery. By setting this option to `false` allows your application to startup, and not block for up till 15 minutes.
`owner` |  | Camel 2.13/2.12.4: The file owner must match this owner for the consumer to pickup the file. Otherwise the file is skipped.

#### KeyType and ValueType

- NULL it means that the key or the value is absent
- BYTE for writing a byte, the java Byte class is mapped into a BYTE
- BYTES for writing a sequence of bytes. It maps the java ByteBuffer class
- INT for writing java integer
- FLOAT for writing java float
- LONG for writing java long
- DOUBLE for writing java double
- TEXT for writing java strings

BYTES is also used with everything else, for example, in Camel a file is sent around as an InputStream, int this case is written in a sequence file or a map file as a sequence of bytes.

### Splitting Strategy

In the current version of Hadoop opening a file in append mode is disabled since it's not very reliable. So, for the moment, it's only possible to create new files. The Camel HDFS endpoint tries to solve this problem in this way:

- If the split strategy option has been defined, the hdfs path will be used as a directory and files will be created using the configured UuidGenerator
- Every time a splitting condition is met, a new file is created.
  The splitStrategy option is defined as a string with the following syntax:
  splitStrategy=<ST>:<value>,<ST>:<value>,*

where <ST> can be:

- BYTES a new file is created, and the old is closed when the number of written bytes is more than <value>
- MESSAGES a new file is created, and the old is closed when the number of written messages is more than <value>
- IDLE a new file is created, and the old is closed when no writing happened in the last <value> milliseconds

note that this strategy currently requires either setting an IDLE value or setting the HdfsConstants.HDFS_CLOSE header to false to use the BYTES/MESSAGES configuration...otherwise, the file will be closed with each message

for example:

it means: a new file is created either when it has been idle for more than 1 second or if more than 5 bytes have been written. So, running `hadoop fs -ls /tmp/simple-file` you'll see that multiple files have been created.

### Message Headers

The following headers are supported by this component:

#### Producer only

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelFileName` | Camel 2.13: Specifies the name of the file to write (relative to the endpoint path). The name can be a `String` or an Expression object. Only relevant when not using a split strategy.

### Controlling to close file stream

Available as of Camel 2.10.4

When using the HDFS producer without a split strategy, then the file output stream is by default closed after the write. However you may want to keep the stream open, and only explicitly close the stream later. For that you can use the header `HdfsConstants.HDFS_CLOSE` (value = `"CamelHdfsClose"`) to control this. Setting this value to a boolean allows you to explicit control whether the stream should be closed or not.

Notice this does not apply if you use a split strategy, as there are various strategies that can control when the stream is closed.

### Using this component in OSGi

This component is fully functional in an OSGi environment, however, it requires some actions from the user. Hadoop uses the thread context class loader in order to load resources. Usually, the thread context classloader will be the bundle class loader of the bundle that contains the routes. So, the default configuration files need to be visible from the bundle class loader. A typical way to deal with it is to keep a copy of core-default.xml in your bundle root. That file can be found in the hadoop-common.jar.

## Hibernate Component

The hibernate: component allows you to work with databases using Hibernate as the object relational mapping technology to map POJOs to database tables. The camel-hibernate library is provided by the Camel Extra project which hosts all *GPL related components for Camel.

Note that Camel also ships with a JPA component. The JPA component abstracts from the underlying persistence provider and allows you to work with Hibernate, OpenJPA or EclipseLink.

### Sending to the endpoint

Sending POJOs to the hibernate endpoint inserts entities into the database. The body of the message is assumed to be an entity bean that you have mapped to a relational table using the hibernate `.hbm.xml` files.

If the body does not contain an entity bean, use a Message Translator in front of the endpoint to perform the necessary conversion first.

### Consuming from the endpoint

Consuming messages removes (or updates) entities in the database. This allows you to use a database table as a logical queue; consumers take messages from the queue and then delete/update them to logically remove them from the queue.

If you do not wish to delete the entity when it has been processed, you can specify `consumeDelete=false` on the URI. This will result in the entity being processed each poll.

If you would rather perform some update on the entity to mark it as processed (such as to exclude it from a future query) then you can annotate a method with @Consumed which will be invoked on your entity bean when the entity bean is consumed.

### URI format

For sending to the endpoint, the entityClassName is optional. If specified it is used to help use the type conversion to ensure the body is of the correct type.

For consuming the entityClassName is mandatory.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`entityType` | entityClassName | Is the provided entityClassName from the URI.
`consumeDelete` | `true` | Option for HibernateConsumer only. Specifies whether or not the entity is deleted after it is consumed.
`consumeLockEntity` | `true` | Option for HibernateConsumer only. Specifies whether or not to use exclusive locking of each entity while processing the results from the pooling.
`flushOnSend` | `true` | Option for HibernateProducer only. Flushes the EntityManager after the entity bean has been persisted.
`maximumResults` | `-1` | Option for HibernateConsumer only. Set the maximum number of results to retrieve on the Query.
`consumer.delay` | `500` | Option for HibernateConsumer only. Delay in millis between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | Option for HibernateConsumer only. Millis before polling starts.
`consumer.userFixedDelay` | `false` | Option for HibernateConsumer only. Set to `true` to use fixed delay between polls, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Hibernate Example

## Hipchat Component

Available as of Camel 2.15.0

The Hipchat component supports producing and consuming messages from/to Hipchat service.

Prerequisites

You must have a valid Hipchat user account and get a personal access token that you can use to produce/consume messages.

### URI Format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?options=value&option2=value&...

### URI Options

Name | Default Value | Context | Required | Producer/Consumer | Description
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
authToken | `null` | Shared | Yes | Both | Authorization token(personal access token) obtained from Hipchat
protocol | `http` | Shared | No | Both | Default protocol to connect to the Hipchat server
consumeUsers | `null` | Shared | No | Consumer | Comma separated list of user @Mentions or emails whose messages to the owner of authToken must be consumed
host | api.hipchat.com | Shared | No | Both | The API host of the Hipchat to connect to
port | 80 | Shared | No | Both | The port to connect to on the Hipchat host
delay | 5000 | Shared | No | Consumer | The poll interval in millisec for consuming messages from consumeUsers provided. Please read about rate limits before decreasing this.

### Scheduled Poll Consumer

This component implements the ScheduledPollConsumer. Only the last message from the provided 'consumeUsers' are retrieved and sent as Exchange body. If you do not want the same message to be retrieved again when there are no new messages on next poll then you can add the idempotent consumer as shown below. All the options on the ScheduledPollConsumer can also be used for more control on the consumer.

#### Message headers set by the Hipchat consumer

Header | Constant | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
HipchatFromUser | HipchatConstants.FROM_USER | String | The body has the message that was sent from this user to the owner of authToken
HipchatMessageDate | HipchatConstants.MESSAGE_DATE | String | The date message was sent. The format is ISO-8601 as present in the Hipchat response.
HipchatFromUserResponseStatus | HipchatConstants.FROM_USER_RESPONSE_STATUS | StatusLine | The status of the API response received.

### Hipchat Producer

Producer can send messages to both Room's and User's simultaneously. The body of the exchange is sent as message. Sample usage is shown below. Appropriate headers needs to be set.

#### Message headers evaluated by the Hipchat producer

Header | Constant | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
HipchatToUser | HipchatConstants.TO_USER | String | The Hipchat user to which the message needs to be sent.
HipchatToRoom | HipchatConstants.TO_ROOM | String | The Hipchat room to which the message needs to be sent.
HipchatMessageFormat | HipchatConstants.MESSAGE_FORMAT | String | Valid formats are 'text' or 'html'. Default: 'text'
HipchatMessageBackgroundColor | HipchatConstants.MESSAGE_BACKGROUND_COLOR | String | Valid color values are 'yellow', 'green', 'red', 'purple', 'gray', 'random'. Default: 'yellow' (Room Only)
HipchatTriggerNotification | HipchatConstants.TRIGGER_NOTIFY | String | Valid values are 'true' or 'false'. Whether this message should trigger a user notification (change the tab color, play a sound, notify mobile phones, etc). Default: 'false' (Room Only)

#### Message headers set by the Hipchat producer

Header | Constant | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
HipchatToUserResponseStatus | HipchatConstants.TO_USER_RESPONSE_STATUS | StatusLine | The status of the API response received when message sent to the user.
HipchatFromUserResponseStatus | HipchatConstants.TO_ROOM_RESPONSE_STATUS | StatusLine | The status of the API response received when message sent to the room.

#### Dependencies

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml.

pom.xml

where `${camel-version`} must be replaced by the actual version of Camel (2.15.0 or higher)

## HL7 Component

The HL7 component is used for working with the HL7 MLLP protocol and HL7 v2 messages using the HAPI library.

This component supports the following:

- HL7 MLLP codec for Mina
- HL7 MLLP codec for Netty4 from Camel 2.15 onwards
- Type Converter from/to HAPI and String
- HL7 DataFormat using the HAPI library
- Even more ease-of-use as it's integrated well with the camel-mina2 component.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### HL7 MLLP protocol

HL7 is often used with the HL7 MLLP protocol, which is a text based TCP socket based protocol. This component ships with a Mina and Netty4 Codec that conforms to the MLLP protocol so you can easily expose an HL7 listener accepting HL7 requests over the TCP transport layer. To expose a HL7 listener service, the camel-mina2 or camel-netty4 component is used with the `HL7MLLPCodec` (mina2) or `HL7MLLPNettyDecoder/HL7MLLPNettyEncoder` (Netty4).

HL7 MLLP codec can be configured as follows:

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`startByte` | `0x0b` | The start byte spanning the HL7 payload.
`endByte1` | `0x1c` | The first end byte spanning the HL7 payload.
`endByte2` | `0x0d` | The 2nd end byte spanning the HL7 payload.
`charset` | JVM Default | The encoding (a charset name) to use for the codec. If not provided, Camel will use the JVM default Charset.
`produceString` | `true` | (as of Camel 2.14.1) If true, the codec creates a string using the defined charset. If false, the codec sends a plain byte array into the route, so that the HL7 Data Format can determine the actual charset from the HL7 message content.
`convertLFtoCR` | `false` | Will convert `\n` to `\r` (`0x0d`, 13 decimal) as HL7 stipulates `\r` as segment terminators. The HAPI library requires the use of `\r`.

#### Exposing an HL7 listener using Mina

In the Spring XML file, we configure a mina2 endpoint to listen for HL7 requests using TCP on port `8888`:

sync=true indicates that this listener is synchronous and therefore will return a HL7 response to the caller. The HL7 codec is setup with codec=#hl7codec. Note that `hl7codec` is just a Spring bean ID, so it could be named `mygreatcodecforhl7` or whatever. The codec is also set up in the Spring XML file:

The endpoint hl7MinaLlistener can then be used in a route as a consumer, as this Java DSL example illustrates:

This is a very simple route that will listen for HL7 and route it to a service named patientLookupService. This is also Spring bean ID, configured in the Spring XML as:

The business logic can be implemented in POJO classes that do not depend on Camel, as shown here:

#### Exposing an HL7 listener using Netty (available from Camel 2.15 onwards)

In the Spring XML file, we configure a netty4 endpoint to listen for HL7 requests using TCP on port `8888`:

sync=true indicates that this listener is synchronous and therefore will return a HL7 response to the caller. The HL7 codec is setup with encoder=#hl7encoder and decoder=#hl7decoder. Note that `hl7encoder` and `hl7decoder` are just bean IDs, so they could be named differently. The beans can be set in the Spring XML file:

The endpoint hl7NettyListener can then be used in a route as a consumer, as this Java DSL example illustrates:

### HL7 Model using java.lang.String or byte[]

The HL7 MLLP codec uses plain String as its data format. Camel uses its Type Converter to convert to/from strings to the HAPI HL7 model objects, but you can use the plain String objects if you prefer, for instance if you wish to parse the data yourself.

As of Camel 2.14.1 you can also let both the Mina and Netty codecs use a plain `byte[]` as its data format by setting the `produceString` property to false. The Type Converter is also capable of converting the `byte[]` to/from HAPI HL7 model objects.

### HL7v2 Model using HAPI

The HL7v2 model uses Java objects from the HAPI library. Using this library, you can encode and decode from the EDI format (ER7) that is mostly used with HL7v2.

The sample below is a request to lookup a patient with the patient ID `0101701234`.

Using the HL7 model you can work with a `ca.uhn.hl7v2.model.Message` object, e.g. to retrieve a patient ID:

This is powerful when combined with the HL7 listener, because you don't have to work with `byte[]`, `String` or any other simple object formats. You can just use the HAPI HL7v2 model objects. If you know the message type in advance, you can be more type-safe:

### HL7 DataFormat

The HL7 component ships with a HL7 data format that can be used to marshal or unmarshal HL7 model objects.

- `marshal` = from Message to byte stream (can be used when responding using the HL7 MLLP codec)
- `unmarshal` = from byte stream to Message (can be used when receiving streamed data from the HL7 MLLP

To use the data format, simply instantiate an instance and invoke the marshal or unmarshal operation in the route builder:

In the sample above, the HL7 is marshalled from a HAPI Message object to a byte stream and put on a JMS queue.
The next example is the opposite:

Here we unmarshal the byte stream into a HAPI Message object that is passed to our patient lookup service.

Serializable messages

As of HAPI 2.0 (used by Camel 2.11), the HL7v2 model classes are fully serializable. So you can put HL7v2 messages directly into a JMS queue (i.e. without calling `marshal()` and read them again directly from the queue (i.e. without calling `unmarshal()`.

Segment separators

As of Camel 2.11, `unmarshal` does not automatically fix segment separators anymore by converting `\n` to `\r`. If you
need this conversion, `org.apache.camel.component.hl7.HL7#convertLFToCR` provides a handy `Expression` for this purpose.

Charset

As of Camel 2.14.1, both `marshal and unmarshal` evaluate the charset provided in the field `MSH-18`. If this field is empty, by default the charset contained in the corresponding Camel charset property/header is assumed. You can even change this default behavior by overriding the `guessCharsetName` method when inheriting from the `HL7DataFormat` class.

There is a shorthand syntax in Camel for well-known data formats that are commonly used.
Then you don't need to create an instance of the `HL7DataFormat` object:

### Message Headers

The unmarshal operation adds these fields from the MSH segment as headers on the Camel message:

Key | MSH field | Example
--- | --- | ---
`CamelHL7SendingApplication` | `MSH-3` | `MYSERVER`
`CamelHL7SendingFacility` | `MSH-4` | `MYSERVERAPP`
`CamelHL7ReceivingApplication` | `MSH-5` | `MYCLIENT`
`CamelHL7ReceivingFacility` | `MSH-6` | `MYCLIENTAPP`
`CamelHL7Timestamp` | `MSH-7` | `20071231235900`
`CamelHL7Security` | `MSH-8` | `null`
`CamelHL7MessageType` | `MSH-9-1` | `ADT`
`CamelHL7TriggerEvent` | `MSH-9-2` | `A01`
`CamelHL7MessageControl` | `MSH-10` | `1234`
`CamelHL7ProcessingId` | `MSH-11` | `P`
`CamelHL7VersionId` | `MSH-12` | `2.4`
`CamelHL7Context` `` | - | (Camel 2.14) contains the HapiContext that was used to parse the message
`CamelHL7Charset` | `MSH-18` | (Camel 2.14.1) `UNICODE UTF-8`

All headers except `CamelHL7Context` are `String` types. If a header value is missing, its value is `null`.

### Options

The HL7 Data Format supports the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`validate` | true | Whether the HAPI Parser should validate the message using the default validation rules. It is recommended to use the `parser` or `hapiContext` option and initialize it with the desired HAPI `ValidationContext`
`parser` | `ca.uhn.hl7v2.parser.GenericParser` | Custom parser to be used. Must be of type `ca.uhn.hl7v2.parser.Parser`. Note that `GenericParser` also allows to parse XML-encoded HL7v2 messages
`hapiContext` | `ca.uhn.hl7v2.DefaultHapiContext` | Camel 2.14: Custom HAPI context that can define a custom parser, custom ValidationContext etc. This gives you full control over the HL7 parsing and rendering process.

### Dependencies

To use HL7 in your Camel routes you'll need to add a dependency on camel-hl7 listed above, which implements this data format.

The HAPI library is split into a base library and several structure libraries, one for each HL7v2 message version:

- v2.1 structures library
- v2.2 structures library
- v2.3 structures library
- v2.3.1 structures library
- v2.4 structures library
- v2.5 structures library
- v2.5.1 structures library
- v2.6 structures library

By default `camel-hl7` only references the HAPI base library. Applications are responsible for including structure libraries themselves. For example, if an application works with HL7v2 message versions 2.4 and 2.5 then the following dependencies must be added:

Alternatively, an OSGi bundle containing the base library, all structures libraries and required dependencies (on the bundle classpath) can be downloaded from the central Maven repository.

### Terser language

HAPI provides a Terser class that provides access to fields using a commonly used terse location specification syntax. The Terser language allows to use this syntax to extract values from messages and to use them as expressions and predicates for filtering, content-based routing etc.

Sample:

### HL7 Validation predicate

Often it is preferable to first parse a HL7v2 message and in a separate step validate it against a HAPI ValidationContext.

Sample:

### HL7 Validation predicate using the HapiContext (Camel 2.14)

The HAPI Context is always configured with a ValidationContext (or a ValidationRuleBuilder), so you can access the validation rules indirectly. Furthermore, when unmarshalling the HL7DataFormat forwards the configured HAPI context in the `CamelHL7Context` header, and the validation rules of this context can be easily reused:

### HL7 Acknowledgement expression

A common task in HL7v2 processing is to generate an acknowledgement message as response to an incoming HL7v2 message, e.g. based on a validation result. The `ack` expression lets us accomplish this very elegantly:

### More Samples

In the following example, a plain `String` HL7 request is sent to an HL7 listener that sends back a response:

In the next sample, HL7 requests from the HL7 listener are routed to the business logic, which is implemented as plain POJO registered in the registry as `hl7service`.

Then the Camel routes using the `RouteBuilder` may look as follows:

Note that by using the HL7 DataFormat the Camel message headers are populated with the fields from the MSH segment. The headers are particularly useful for filtering or content-based routing as shown in the example above.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## HTTP Component

The http: component provides HTTP based endpoints for consuming external HTTP resources (as a client to call external servers using HTTP).

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Will by default use port 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS.

camel-http vs camel-jetty

You can only produce to endpoints generated by the HTTP component. Therefore it should never be used as input into your camel Routes. To bind/expose an HTTP endpoint via a HTTP server as input to a camel route, you can use the Jetty Component or the Servlet Component

### Examples

Call the url with the body using POST and return response as out message. If body is null call URL using GET and return response as out message

Java DSL | Spring DSL
--- | ---

You can override the HTTP endpoint URI by adding a header. Camel will call the http://newhost. This is very handy for e.g. REST urls.

Java DSL

URI parameters can either be set directly on the endpoint URI or as a header

Java DSL

Set the HTTP request method to POST

Java DSL | Spring DSL
--- | ---

### HttpEndpoint Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`throwExceptionOnFailure` | `true` | Option to disable throwing the `HttpOperationFailedException` in case of failed responses from the remote server. This allows you to get all responses regardless of the HTTP status code.
`bridgeEndpoint` | `false` | If the option is true , HttpProducer will ignore the Exchange.HTTP_URI header, and use the endpoint's URI for request. You may also set the * throwExceptionOnFailure* to be false to let the HttpProducer send all the fault response back. Camel 2.3: If the option is true, HttpProducer and CamelServlet will skip the gzip processing if the content-encoding is "gzip".
`disableStreamCache` | `false` | DefaultHttpBinding will copy the request input stream into a stream cache and put it into message body if this option is false to support read it twice, otherwise DefaultHttpBinding will set the request input stream direct into the message body.
`httpBindingRef` | `null` | Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 3.0: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpBinding` in the Registry. Use the `httpBinding` option instead.
`httpBinding` | `null` | Camel 2.3: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpBinding` in the Registry.
`httpClientConfigurerRef` | `null` | Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 3.0: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpClientConfigurer` in the Registry. Use the `httpClientConfigurer` option instead.
`httpClientConfigurer` | `null` | Camel 2.3: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpClientConfigurer` in the Registry.
`httpClient.XXX` | `null` | Setting options on the HttpClientParams. For instance `httpClient.soTimeout=5000` will set the `SO_TIMEOUT` to 5 seconds.
`clientConnectionManager` | `null` | To use a custom `org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager`.
`transferException` | `false` | Camel 2.6: If enabled and an Exchange failed processing on the consumer side, and if the caused `Exception` was send back serialized in the response as a `application/x-java-serialized-object` content type (for example using Jetty or SERVLET Camel components). On the producer side the exception will be deserialized and thrown as is, instead of the `HttpOperationFailedException`. The caused exception is required to be serialized.
`headerFilterStrategy` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Reference to a instance of `org.apache.camel.spi.HeaderFilterStrategy` in the Registry. It will be used to apply the custom headerFilterStrategy on the new create HttpEndpoint.
`urlRewrite` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Producer only Refers to a custom `org.apache.camel.component.http.UrlRewrite` which allows you to rewrite urls when you bridge/proxy endpoints. See more details at UrlRewrite and How to use Camel as a HTTP proxy between a client and server.
`eagerCheckContentAvailable` | `false` | Camel 2.15.3/2.16: Consumer only Whether to eager check whether the HTTP requests has content if the content-length header is 0 or not present. This can be turned on in case HTTP clients do not send streamed data.
`copyHeaders` | `true` | Camel 2.16: If this option is true then IN exchange headers will be copied to OUT exchange headers according to copy strategy. Setting this to false, allows to only include the headers from the HTTP response (not propagating IN headers).
`okStatusCodeRange` | `200-299` | Camel 2.16: The status codes which is considered a success response. The values are inclusive. The range must be defined as from-to with the dash included.

### Authentication and Proxy

The following authentication options can also be set on the HttpEndpoint:

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`authMethod` | `null` | Authentication method, either as `Basic`, `Digest` or `NTLM`.
`authMethodPriority` | `null` | Priority of authentication methods. Is a list separated with comma. For example: `Basic,Digest` to exclude `NTLM`.
`authUsername` | `null` | Username for authentication
`authPassword` | `null` | Password for authentication
`authDomain` | `null` | Domain for NTML authentication
`authHost` | `null` | Optional host for NTML authentication
`proxyHost` | `null` | The proxy host name
`proxyPort` | `null` | The proxy port number
`proxyAuthMethod` | `null` | Authentication method for proxy, either as `Basic`, `Digest` or `NTLM`.
`proxyAuthUsername` | `null` | Username for proxy authentication
`proxyAuthPassword` | `null` | Password for proxy authentication
`proxyAuthDomain` | `null` | Domain for proxy NTML authentication
`proxyAuthHost` | `null` | Optional host for proxy NTML authentication

When using authentication you must provide the choice of method for the `authMethod` or `authProxyMethod` options.
You can configure the proxy and authentication details on either the `HttpComponent` or the `HttpEndoint`. Values provided on the `HttpEndpoint` will take precedence over `HttpComponent`. Its most likely best to configure this on the `HttpComponent` which allows you to do this once.

The HTTP component uses convention over configuration which means that if you have not explicit set a `authMethodPriority` then it will fallback and use the select(ed) `authMethod` as priority as well. So if you use `authMethod.Basic` then the `auhtMethodPriority` will be `Basic` only.

Note: camel-http is based on HttpClient v3.x and as such has only limited support for what is known as NTLMv1, the early version of the NTLM protocol. It does not support NTLMv2 at all. Camel-http4 has support for NTLMv2.

### HttpComponent Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`httpBinding` | `null` | To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpBinding`.
`httpClientConfigurer` | `null` | To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpClientConfigurer`.
`httpConnectionManager` | `null` | To use a custom `org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnectionManager`.
`httpConfiguration` | `null` | To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpConfiguration`

`HttpConfiguration` contains all the options listed in the table above under the section HttpConfiguration - Setting Authentication and Proxy.

### Message Headers

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`Exchange.HTTP_URI` | `String` | URI to call. Will override existing URI set directly on the endpoint.
`Exchange.HTTP_METHOD` | `String` | HTTP Method / Verb to use (GET/POST/PUT/DELETE/HEAD/OPTIONS/TRACE)
`Exchange.HTTP_PATH` | `String` | Request URI's path, the header will be used to build the request URI with the HTTP_URI. Camel 2.3.0: If the path is start with "/", http producer will try to find the relative path based on the Exchange.HTTP_BASE_URI header or the exchange.getFromEndpoint().getEndpointUri();
`Exchange.HTTP_QUERY` | `String` | URI parameters. Will override existing URI parameters set directly on the endpoint.
`Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE` | `int` | The HTTP response code from the external server. Is 200 for OK.
`Exchange.HTTP_CHARACTER_ENCODING` | `String` | Character encoding.
`Exchange.CONTENT_TYPE` | `String` | The HTTP content type. Is set on both the IN and OUT message to provide a content type, such as `text/html`.
`Exchange.CONTENT_ENCODING` | `String` | The HTTP content encoding. Is set on both the IN and OUT message to provide a content encoding, such as `gzip`.
`Exchange.HTTP_SERVLET_REQUEST` | `HttpServletRequest` | The `HttpServletRequest` object.
`Exchange.HTTP_SERVLET_RESPONSE` | `HttpServletResponse` | The `HttpServletResponse` object.
`Exchange.HTTP_PROTOCOL_VERSION` | `String` | Camel 2.5: You can set the http protocol version with this header, eg. "HTTP/1.0". If you didn't specify the header, HttpProducer will use the default value "HTTP/1.1"

The header name above are constants. For the spring DSL you have to use the value of the constant instead of the name.

### Message Body

Camel will store the HTTP response from the external server on the OUT body. All headers from the IN message will be copied to the OUT message, so headers are preserved during routing. Additionally Camel will add the HTTP response headers as well to the OUT message headers.

### Response code

Camel will handle according to the HTTP response code:

- Response code is in the range 100..299, Camel regards it as a success response.
- Response code is in the range 300..399, Camel regards it as a redirection response and will throw a `HttpOperationFailedException` with the information.

- Response code is 400+, Camel regards it as an external server failure and will throw a `HttpOperationFailedException` with the information.

  throwExceptionOnFailure

  The option, `throwExceptionOnFailure`, can be set to `false` to prevent the `HttpOperationFailedException` from being thrown for failed response codes. This allows you to get any response from the remote server.
  There is a sample below demonstrating this.

### HttpOperationFailedException

This exception contains the following information:

- The HTTP status code
- The HTTP status line (text of the status code)
- Redirect location, if server returned a redirect
- Response body as a `java.lang.String`, if server provided a body as response

### Calling using GET or POST

The following algorithm is used to determine if either `GET` or `POST` HTTP method should be used:
1. Use method provided in header.
2. `GET` if query string is provided in header.
3. `GET` if endpoint is configured with a query string.
4. `POST` if there is data to send (body is not null).
5. `GET` otherwise.

### How to get access to HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse

You can get access to these two using the Camel type converter system using

### Using client timeout - SO_TIMEOUT

See the unit test in this link

## More Examples

### Configuring a Proxy

Java DSL

There is also support for proxy authentication via the `proxyUsername` and `proxyPassword` options.

#### Using proxy settings outside of URI

Java DSL | Spring DSL
--- | ---

Options on Endpoint will override options on the context.

### Configuring charset

If you are using `POST` to send data you can configure the `charset`

### Sample with scheduled poll

The sample polls the Google homepage every 10 seconds and write the page to the file `message.html`:

### Getting the Response Code

You can get the HTTP response code from the HTTP component by getting the value from the Out message header with `Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE`.

### Using `throwExceptionOnFailure=false` to get any response back

In the route below we want to route a message that we enrich with data returned from a remote HTTP call. As we want any response from the remote server, we set the `throwExceptionOnFailure` option to `false` so we get any response in the `AggregationStrategy`. As the code is based on a unit test that simulates a HTTP status code 404, there is some assertion code etc.

### Disabling Cookies

To disable cookies you can set the HTTP Client to ignore cookies by adding this URI option:
`httpClient.cookiePolicy=ignoreCookies`

### Advanced Usage

If you need more control over the HTTP producer you should use the `HttpComponent` where you can set various classes to give you custom behavior.

#### Setting MaxConnectionsPerHost

The HTTP Component has a `org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnectionManager` where you can configure various global configuration for the given component.
By global, we mean that any endpoint the component creates has the same shared `HttpConnectionManager`. So, if we want to set a different value for the max connection per host, we need to define it on the HTTP component and not on the endpoint URI that we usually use. So here comes:

First, we define the `http` component in Spring XML. Yes, we use the same scheme name, `http`, because otherwise Camel will auto-discover and create the component with default settings. What we need is to overrule this so we can set our options. In the sample below we set the max connection to 5 instead of the default of 2.

And then we can just use it as we normally do in our routes:

#### Using preemptive authentication

An end user reported that he had problem with authenticating with HTTPS. The problem was eventually resolved when he discovered the HTTPS server did not return a HTTP code 401 Authorization Required. The solution was to set the following URI option: `httpClient.authenticationPreemptive=true`

#### Accepting self signed certificates from remote server

See this link from a mailing list discussion with some code to outline how to do this with the Apache Commons HTTP API.

#### Setting up SSL for HTTP Client

##### Using the JSSE Configuration Utility

As of Camel 2.8, the HTTP4 component supports SSL/TLS configuration through the Camel JSSE Configuration Utility. This utility greatly decreases the amount of component specific code you need to write and is configurable at the endpoint and component levels. The following examples demonstrate how to use the utility with the HTTP4 component.

The version of the Apache HTTP client used in this component resolves SSL/TLS information from a global "protocol" registry. This component provides an implementation, `org.apache.camel.component.http.SSLContextParametersSecureProtocolSocketFactory`, of the HTTP client's protocol socket factory in order to support the use of the Camel JSSE Configuration utility. The following example demonstrates how to configure the protocol registry and use the registered protocol information in a route.

##### Configuring Apache HTTP Client Directly

Basically camel-http component is built on the top of Apache HTTP client, and you can implement a custom `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpClientConfigurer` to do some configuration on the http client if you need full control of it.

However if you just want to specify the keystore and truststore you can do this with Apache HTTP `HttpClientConfigurer`, for example:

And then you need to create a class that implements `HttpClientConfigurer`, and registers https protocol providing a keystore or truststore per example above. Then, from your camel route builder class you can hook it up like so:

If you are doing this using the Spring DSL, you can specify your `HttpClientConfigurer` using the URI. For example:

As long as you implement the HttpClientConfigurer and configure your keystore and truststore as described above, it will work fine.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Jetty

## iBATIS

The ibatis: component allows you to query, poll, insert, update and delete data in a relational database using Apache iBATIS.

Prefer MyBatis

The Apache iBatis project is no longer active. The project is moved outside Apache and is now know as the MyBatis project.
Therefore we encourage users to use MyBatis instead. This camel-ibatis component will be removed in Camel 3.0.

iBatis do not support Spring 4.x. So you can only use Spring 3.x or older with iBatis.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where statementName is the name in the iBATIS XML configuration file which maps to the query, insert, update or delete operation you wish to evaluate.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

This component will by default load the iBatis SqlMapConfig file from the root of the classpath and expected named as `SqlMapConfig.xml`.
It uses Spring resource loading so you can define it using `classpath`, `file` or `http` as prefix to load resources with those schemes.
In Camel 2.2 you can configure this on the iBatisComponent with the `setSqlMapConfig(String)` method.

### Options

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`consumer.onConsume` | `String` | `null` | Statements to run after consuming. Can be used, for example, to update rows after they have been consumed and processed in Camel. See sample later. Multiple statements can be separated with comma.
`consumer.useIterator` | `boolean` | `true` | If `true` each row returned when polling will be processed individually. If `false` the entire `List` of data is set as the IN body.
`consumer.routeEmptyResultSet` | `boolean` | `false` | Sets whether empty result set should be routed or not. By default, empty result sets are not routed.
`statementType` | `StatementType` | `null` | Mandatory to specify for IbatisProducer to control which iBatis `SqlMapClient` method to invoke. The enum values are: `QueryForObject`, `QueryForList`, `Insert`, `Update`, `Delete`.
`maxMessagesPerPoll` | `int` | `0` | An integer to define a maximum messages to gather per poll. By default, no maximum is set. Can be used to set a limit of e.g. 1000 to avoid when starting up the server that there are thousands of files. Set a value of 0 or negative to disabled it.
`isolation` | `String` | `TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ` | Camel 2.9: A String the defines the transaction isolation level of the will be used. Allowed values are TRANSACTION_NONE, TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE

`isolation` | `String` | `TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ` | Camel 2.9: A String the defines the transaction isolation level of the will be used. Allowed values are TRANSACTION_NONE, TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE

### Message Headers

Camel will populate the result message, either IN or OUT with a header with the operationName used:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelIBatisStatementName` | `String` | The statementName used (for example: insertAccount).
`CamelIBatisResult` | `Object` | The response returned from iBatis in any of the operations. For instance an `INSERT` could return the auto-generated key, or number of rows etc.

### Message Body

The response from iBatis will only be set as body if it's a `SELECT` statement. That means, for example, for `INSERT` statements Camel will not replace the body. This allows you to continue routing and keep the original body. The response from iBatis is always stored in the header with the key `CamelIBatisResult`.

### Samples

For example if you wish to consume beans from a JMS queue and insert them into a database you could do the following:

Notice we have to specify the `statementType`, as we need to instruct Camel which `SqlMapClient` operation to invoke.

Where insertAccount is the iBatis ID in the SQL map file:

### Using StatementType for better control of IBatis

When routing to an iBatis endpoint you want more fine grained control so you can control whether the SQL statement to be executed is a `SELEECT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE` or `INSERT` etc. So for instance if we want to route to an iBatis endpoint in which the IN body contains parameters to a `SELECT` statement we can do:

In the code above we can invoke the iBatis statement `selectAccountById` and the IN body should contain the account id we want to retrieve, such as an `Integer` type.

We can do the same for some of the other operations, such as `QueryForList`:

And the same for `UPDATE`, where we can send an `Account` object as IN body to iBatis:

#### Scheduled polling example

Since this component does not support scheduled polling, you need to use another mechanism for triggering the scheduled polls, such as the Timer or Quartz components.

In the sample below we poll the database, every 30 seconds using the Timer component and send the data to the JMS queue:

And the iBatis SQL map file used:

#### Using onConsume

This component supports executing statements after data have been consumed and processed by Camel. This allows you to do post updates in the database. Notice all statements must be `UPDATE` statements. Camel supports executing multiple statements whose name should be separated by comma.

The route below illustrates we execute the consumeAccount statement data is processed. This allows us to change the status of the row in the database to processed, so we avoid consuming it twice or more.

And the statements in the sqlmap file:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- MyBatis

## IRC Component

The irc component implements an IRC (Internet Relay Chat) transport.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Description | Example | Default Value
--- | --- | --- | ---
`channels` | Comma separated list of IRC channels to join. | `channels=#channel1,#channel2` | `null`
`nickname` | The nickname used in chat. | `irc:MyNick@irc.server.org#channel` or `irc:irc.server.org#channel?nickname=MyUser` | `null`
`username` | The IRC server user name. | `irc:MyUser@irc.server.org#channel` or `irc:irc.server.org#channel?username=MyUser` | Same as nickname.
`password` | The IRC server password. | `password=somepass` | None
`realname` | The IRC user's actual name. | `realname=MyName` | None
`colors` | Whether or not the server supports color codes. | `true, false` | `true`
`onReply` | Whether or not to handle general responses to commands or informational messages. | `true, false` | `false`
`onNick` | Handle nickname change events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onQuit` | Handle user quit events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onJoin` | Handle user join events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onKick` | Handle kick events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onMode` | Handle mode change events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onPart` | Handle user part events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onTopic` | Handle topic change events. | `true, false` | `true`
`onPrivmsg` | Handle message events. | `true, false` | `true`
`trustManager` | The trust manager used to verify the SSL server's certificate. | `trustManager=#referenceToTrustManagerBean` | The default trust manager, which accepts all certificates, will be used.
`keys` | Camel 2.2: Comma separated list of IRC channel keys. Important to be listed in same order as channels. When joining multiple channels with only some needing keys just insert an empty value for that channel. | `irc:MyNick@irc.server.org/#channel?keys=chankey` | `null`
sslContextParameters | Camel 2.9: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.util.jsse.SSLContextParameters` in the Registry. This reference overrides any configured SSLContextParameters at the component level. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility. Note that this setting overrides the trustManager option. | #mySslContextParameters | `null`

### SSL Support

#### Using the JSSE Configuration Utility

As of Camel 2.9, the IRC component supports SSL/TLS configuration through the Camel JSSE Configuration Utility. This utility greatly decreases the amount of component specific code you need to write and is configurable at the endpoint and component levels. The following examples demonstrate how to use the utility with the IRC component.

##### Programmatic configuration of the endpoint

##### Spring DSL based configuration of endpoint

#### Using the legacy basic configuration options

You can also connect to an SSL enabled IRC server, as follows:

By default, the IRC transport uses SSLDefaultTrustManager. If you need to provide your own custom trust manager, use the `trustManager` parameter as follows:

### Using keys

Available as of Camel 2.2

Some irc rooms requires you to provide a key to be able to join that channel. The key is just a secret word.

For example we join 3 channels where as only channel 1 and 3 uses a key.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Jasypt component

Available as of Camel 2.5

Jasypt is a simplified encryption library which makes encryption and decryption easy. Camel integrates with Jasypt to allow sensitive information in Properties files to be encrypted. By dropping `camel-jasypt` on the classpath those encrypted values will automatically be decrypted on-the-fly by Camel. This ensures that human eyes can't easily spot sensitive information such as usernames and passwords.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### Tooling

The Jasypt component provides a little command line tooling to encrypt or decrypt values.

The console output the syntax and which options it provides:

For example to encrypt the value `tiger` you run with the following parameters. In the apache camel kit, you cd into the lib folder and run the following java cmd, where <CAMEL_HOME> is where you have downloaded and extract the Camel distribution.

Which outputs the following result

This means the encrypted representation `qaEEacuW7BUti8LcMgyjKw==` can be decrypted back to `tiger` if you know the master password which was `secret`.
If you run the tool again then the encrypted value will return a different result. But decrypting the value will always return the correct original value.

So you can test it by running the tooling using the following parameters:

Which outputs the following result:

The idea is then to use those encrypted values in your Properties files. Notice how the password value is encrypted and the value has the tokens surrounding `ENC(value here)`

#### Tooling dependencies for Camel 2.5 and 2.6

The tooling requires the following JARs in the classpath, which has been enlisted in the `MANIFEST.MF` file of `camel-jasypt` with `optional/` as prefix. Hence why the java cmd above can pickup the needed JARs from the Apache Distribution in the `optional` directory.

Java 1.5 users

The `icu4j-4.0.1.jar` is only needed when running on JDK 1.5.

This JAR is not distributed by Apache Camel and you have to download it manually and copy it to the `lib/optional` directory of the Camel distribution.
You can download it from Apache Central Maven repo.

#### Tooling dependencies for Camel 2.7 or better

Jasypt 1.7 onwards is now fully standalone so no additional JARs is needed.

### URI Options

The options below are exclusive for the Jasypt component.

Name | Default Value | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`password` | `null` | `String` | Specifies the master password to use for decrypting. This option is mandatory. See below for more details.
`algorithm` | `null` | `String` | Name of an optional algorithm to use.

### Protecting the master password

The master password used by Jasypt must be provided, so that it's capable of decrypting the values. However having this master password out in the open may not be an ideal solution. Therefore you could for example provide it as a JVM system property or as a OS environment setting. If you decide to do so then the `password` option supports prefixes which dictates this. `sysenv:` means to lookup the OS system environment with the given key. `sys:` means to lookup a JVM system property.

For example you could provided the password before you start the application

Then start the application, such as running the start script.

When the application is up and running you can unset the environment

The `password` option is then a matter of defining as follows: `password=sysenv:CAMEL_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD`.

### Example with Java DSL

In Java DSL you need to configure Jasypt as a `JasyptPropertiesParser` instance and set it on the Properties component as show below:

The properties file `myproperties.properties` then contain the encrypted value, such as shown below. Notice how the password value is encrypted and the value has the tokens surrounding `ENC(value here)`

### Example with Spring XML

In Spring XML you need to configure the `JasyptPropertiesParser` which is shown below. Then the Camel Properties component is told to use `jasypt` as the properties parser, which means Jasypt has its chance to decrypt values looked up in the properties.

The Properties component can also be inlined inside the `<camelContext>` tag which is shown below. Notice how we use the `propertiesParserRef` attribute to refer to Jasypt.

### Example with Blueprint XML

In Blueprint XML you need to configure the `JasyptPropertiesParser` which is shown below. Then the Camel Properties component is told to use `jasypt` as the properties parser, which means Jasypt has its chance to decrypt values looked up in the properties.

The Properties component can also be inlined inside the `<camelContext>` tag which is shown below. Notice how we use the `propertiesParserRef` attribute to refer to Jasypt.

### See Also

- Security
- Properties
- Encrypted passwords in ActiveMQ - ActiveMQ has a similar feature as this `camel-jasypt` component

## JavaSpace Component

Available as of Camel 2.1

The javaspace component is a transport for working with any JavaSpace compliant implementation and this component has been tested with both the Blitz implementation and the GigaSpace implementation .
This component can be used for sending and receiving any object inheriting from the Jini `net.jini.core.entry.Entry` class. It is also possible to pass the bean ID of a template that can be used for reading/taking the entries from the space.
This component can be used for sending/receiving any serializable object acting as a sort of generic transport. The JavaSpace component contains a special optimization for dealing with the `BeanExchange`. It can be used to invoke a POJO remotely, using a JavaSpace as a transport.
This latter feature can provide a simple implementation of the master/worker pattern, where a POJO provides the business logic for the worker.
Look at the test cases for examples of various use cases for this component.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`spaceName` | `null` | Specifies the JavaSpace name.
`verb` | `take` | Specifies the verb for getting JavaSpace entries. The values can be: `take` or `read`.
`transactional` | `false` | If `true`, sending and receiving entries is performed within a transaction.
`transactionalTimeout` | `Long.MAX_VALUE` | Specifies the transaction timeout.
`concurrentConsumers` | `1` | Specifies the number of concurrent consumers getting entries from the JavaSpace.
`templateId` | `null` | If present, this option specifies the Spring bean ID of the template to use for reading/taking entries.

### Examples

#### Sending and Receiving Entries

In this case the payload can be any object that inherits from the Jini `Entry` type.

#### Sending and receiving serializable objects

Using the preceding routes, it is also possible to send and receive any serializable object. The JavaSpace component detects that the payload is not a Jini `Entry` and then it automatically wraps the payload with a Camel Jini `Entry`. In this way, a JavaSpace can be used as a generic transport mechanism.

#### Using JavaSpace as a remote invocation transport

The JavaSpace component has been tailored to work in combination with the Camel bean component. It is therefore possible to call a remote POJO using JavaSpace as the transport:

In the code there are two test cases showing how to use a POJO to realize the master/worker pattern. The idea is to use the POJO to provide the business logic and rely on Camel for sending/receiving requests/replies with the proper correlation.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## JBI Component

The jbi component is implemented by the ServiceMix Camel module and provides integration with a JBI Normalized Message Router, such as the one provided by Apache ServiceMix.

See below for information about how to use `StreamSource` types from ServiceMix in Camel.

The following code:

Automatically exposes a new endpoint to the bus, where the service QName is {`http://foo.bar.org}MyService` and the endpoint name is `MyEndpoint` (see #URI-format).

When a JBI endpoint appears at the end of a route, for example:

The messages sent by this producer endpoint are sent to the already deployed JBI endpoint.

### URI format

The separator that should be used in the endpoint URL is:

- `/` (forward slash), if `serviceNamespace` starts with `http://`, or
- `:` (colon), if `serviceNamespace` starts with `urn:foo:bar`.

For more details of valid JBI URIs see the ServiceMix URI Guide.

Using the `jbi:service:` or `jbi:endpoint:` URI formats sets the service QName on the JBI endpoint to the one specified. Otherwise, the default Camel JBI Service QName is used, which is:

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

#### Examples

### URI options

Name | Default value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`mep` | MEP of the Camel Exchange | Allows users to override the MEP set on the Exchange object. Valid values for this option are `in-only`, `in-out`, `robust-in-out` and `in-optional-out`.
`operation` | Value of the `jbi.operation` header property | Specifies the JBI operation for the `MessageExchange`. If no value is supplied, the JBI binding will use the value of the `jbi.operation` header property.
`serialization` | `basic` | Default value (`basic`) will check if headers are serializable by looking at the type, setting this option to `strict` will detect objects that can not be serialized although they implement the `Serializable` interface. Set to `nocheck` to disable this check altogether, note that this should only be used for in-memory transports like SEDAFlow, otherwise you can expect to get `NotSerializableException` thrown at runtime.
`convertException` | `false` | `false`: send any exceptions thrown from the Camel route back unmodified `true`: convert all exceptions to a JBI FaultException (can be used to avoid non-serializable exceptions or to implement generic error handling

#### Examples

### Using Stream bodies

If you are using a stream type as the message body, you should be aware that a stream is only capable of being read once. So if you enable `DEBUG` logging, the body is usually logged and thus read. To deal with this, Camel has a `streamCaching` option that can cache the stream, enabling you to read it multiple times.

The stream caching is default enabled, so it is not necessary to set the `streamCaching()` option.
We store big input streams (by default, over 64K) in a `temp` file using `CachedOutputStream`. When you close the input stream, the temp file will be deleted.

### Creating a JBI Service Unit

If you have some Camel routes that you want to deploy inside JBI as a Service Unit, you can use the JBI Service Unit Archetype to create a new Maven project for the Service Unit.

If you have an existing Maven project that you need to convert into a JBI Service Unit, you may want to consult ServiceMix Maven JBI Plugins for further help. The key steps are as follows:

- Create a Spring XML file at `src/main/resources/camel-context.xml` to bootstrap your routes inside the JBI Service Unit.
- Change the POM file's packaging to `jbi-service-unit`.

Your `pom.xml` should look something like this to enable the `jbi-service-unit` packaging:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- ServiceMix Camel module
- Using Camel with ServiceMix
- Cookbook on using Camel with ServiceMix

## JCR Component

The `jcr` component allows you to add/read nodes to/from a JCR compliant content repository (for example, Apache Jackrabbit) with its producer, or register an EventListener with the consumer.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Consumer added

From Camel 2.10 onwards you can use consumer as an EventListener in JCR or a producer to read a node by identifier.

### Usage

The `repository` element of the URI is used to look up the JCR `Repository` object in the Camel context registry.

#### Producer

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelJcrOperation` | `CamelJcrInsert` | CamelJcrInsert or CamelJcrGetById operation to use
`CamelJcrNodeName` | `null` | Used to determine the node name to use.

When a message is sent to a JCR producer endpoint:

- If the operation is CamelJcrInsert: A new node is created in the content repository, all the message headers of the IN message are transformed to `javax.jcr.Value` instances and added to the new node and the node's UUID is returned in the OUT message.
- If the operation is CamelJcrGetById: A new node is retrieved from the repository using the message body as node identifier.

Please note that the JCR Producer used message properties instead of message headers in Camel versions earlier than 2.12.3. See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CAMEL-7067 for more details.

#### Consumer

The consumer will connect to JCR periodically and return a List<javax.jcr.observation.Event> in the message body.

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`eventTypes` | `0` | A combination of one or more event types encoded as a bit mask value such as javax.jcr.observation.Event.NODE_ADDED, javax.jcr.observation.Event.NODE_REMOVED, etc.
`deep` | `false` | When it is true, events whose associated parent node is at current path or within its subgraph are received.
`uuids` | `null` | Only events whose associated parent node has one of the identifiers in the comma separated uuid list will be received.
`nodeTypeNames` | `null` | Only events whose associated parent node has one of the node types (or a subtype of one of the node types) in this list will be received.
`noLocal` | `false` | If `noLocal` is `true`, then events generated by the session through which the listener was registered are ignored. Otherwise, they are not ignored.
`sessionLiveCheckInterval` | `60000` | Interval in milliseconds to wait before each session live checking.
`sessionLiveCheckIntervalOnStart` | `3000` | Interval in milliseconds to wait before the first session live checking.
username |  | Camel 2.15: Allows to specify the username as a uri parameter instead of in the authority section of the uri
password |  | Camel 2.15: Allows to specify the password as a uri parameter instead of in the authority section of the uri
workspaceName | `null` | Camel 2.16: Allows to specify a workspace different from default

### Example

The snippet below creates a node named `node` under the `/home/test` node in the content repository. One additional property is added to the node as well: `my.contents.property` which will contain the body of the message being sent.

The following code will register an EventListener under the path import-application/inbox for Event.NODE_ADDED and Event.NODE_REMOVED events (event types 1 and 2, both masked as 3) and listening deep for all the children.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## JDBC Component

The jdbc component enables you to access databases through JDBC, where SQL queries (SELECT) and operations (INSERT, UPDATE, etc) are sent in the message body. This component uses the standard JDBC API, unlike the SQL Component component, which uses spring-jdbc.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

This component can only be used to define producer endpoints, which means that you cannot use the JDBC component in a `from()` statement.

### URI format

This component only supports producer endpoints.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`readSize` | `0` | The default maximum number of rows that can be read by a polling query. The default value is 0.
`statement.<xxx>` | `null` | Camel 2.1: Sets additional options on the `java.sql.Statement` that is used behind the scenes to execute the queries. For instance, `statement.maxRows=10`. For detailed documentation, see the `java.sql.Statement` javadoc documentation.
`useJDBC4ColumnNameAndLabelSemantics` | `true` | Camel 2.2: Sets whether to use JDBC 4/3 column label/name semantics. You can use this option to turn it `false` in case you have issues with your JDBC driver to select data. This only applies when using `SQL SELECT` using aliases (e.g. `SQL SELECT id as identifier, name as given_name from persons`).
`resetAutoCommit` | `true` | Camel 2.9: Camel will set the autoCommit on the JDBC connection to be false, commit the change after executed the statement and reset the autoCommit flag of the connection at the end, if the resetAutoCommit is true. If the JDBC connection doesn't support to reset the autoCommit flag, you can set the resetAutoCommit flag to be false, and Camel will not try to reset the autoCommit flag. When used with XA transactions you most likely need to set it to false so that the transaction manager is in charge of committing this tx.
`allowNamedParameters` | `true` | Camel 2.12: Whether to allow using named parameters in the queries.
`prepareStatementStrategy` |  | Camel 2.12: Allows to plugin to use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.jdbc.JdbcPrepareStatementStrategy` to control preparation of the query and prepared statement.
`useHeadersAsParameters` | `false` | Camel 2.12: Set this option to `true` to use the `prepareStatementStrategy` with named parameters. This allows to define queries with named placeholders, and use headers with the dynamic values for the query placeholders.
`outputType` | `SelectList` | Camel 2.12.1: Make the output of the producer to SelectList as List of Map, or SelectOne as single Java object in the following way: a) If the query has only single column, then that JDBC Column object is returned. (such as SELECT COUNT( * ) FROM PROJECT will return a Long object. b) If the query has more than one column, then it will return a Map of that result. c) If the outputClass is set, then it will convert the query result into an Java bean object by calling all the setters that match the column names. It will assume your class has a default constructor to create instance with. From Camel 2.14 onwards then SelectList is also supported. d) If the query resulted in more than one rows, it throws an non-unique result exception. Camel 2.14.0: New `StreamList` output type value that streams the result of the query using an `Iterator<Map<String, Object>>`, it can be used along with the Splitter EIP.
`outputClass` | `null` | Camel 2.12.1: Specify the full package and class name to use as conversion when outputType=SelectOne. From Camel 2.14 onwards then SelectList is also supported.
`beanRowMapper` |  | Camel 2.12.1: To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.jdbc.BeanRowMapper` when using `outputClass`. The default implementation will lower case the row names and skip underscores, and dashes. For example `"CUST_ID"` is mapped as `"custId"`.

### Result

By default the result is returned in the OUT body as an `ArrayList<HashMap<String, Object>>`. The `List` object contains the list of rows and the `Map` objects contain each row with the `String` key as the column name. You can use the option `outputType` to control the result.

Note: This component fetches `ResultSetMetaData` to be able to return the column name as the key in the `Map`.

#### Message Headers

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelJdbcRowCount` | If the query is a `SELECT`, query the row count is returned in this OUT header.
`CamelJdbcUpdateCount` | If the query is an `UPDATE`, query the update count is returned in this OUT header.
`CamelGeneratedKeysRows` | Camel 2.10: Rows that contains the generated kets.
`CamelGeneratedKeysRowCount` | Camel 2.10: The number of rows in the header that contains generated keys.
`CamelJdbcColumnNames` | Camel 2.11.1: The column names from the ResultSet as a `java.util.Set` type.
`CamelJdbcParametes` | Camel 2.12: A `java.util.Map` which has the headers to be used if `useHeadersAsParameters` has been enabled.

### Generated keys

Available as of Camel 2.10

If you insert data using SQL INSERT, then the RDBMS may support auto generated keys. You can instruct the JDBC producer to return the generated keys in headers.
To do that set the header `CamelRetrieveGeneratedKeys=true`. Then the generated keys will be provided as headers with the keys listed in the table above.

You can see more details in this unit test.

Using generated keys does not work with together with named parameters.

### Using named parameters

Available as of Camel 2.12

In the given route below, we want to get all the projects from the projects table. Notice the SQL query has 2 named parameters, :?lic and :?min.
Camel will then lookup these parameters from the message headers. Notice in the example above we set two headers with constant value
for the named parameters:

You can also store the header values in a `java.util.Map` and store the map on the headers with the key `CamelJdbcParameters`.

### Samples

In the following example, we fetch the rows from the customer table.

First we register our datasource in the Camel registry as `testdb`:

Then we configure a route that routes to the JDBC component, so the SQL will be executed. Note how we refer to the `testdb` datasource that was bound in the previous step:

Or you can create a `DataSource` in Spring like this:

We create an endpoint, add the SQL query to the body of the IN message, and then send the exchange. The result of the query is returned in the OUT body:

If you want to work on the rows one by one instead of the entire ResultSet at once you need to use the Splitter EIP such as:

In Camel 2.13.x or older

In Camel 2.14.x or newer

###
Sample - Polling the database every minute

If we want to poll a database using the JDBC component, we need to combine it with a polling scheduler such as the Timer or Quartz etc. In the following example, we retrieve data from the database every 60 seconds:

### Sample - Move Data Between Data Sources

A common use case is to query for data, process it and move it to another data source (ETL operations). In the following example, we retrieve new customer records from the source table every hour, filter/transform them and move them to a destination table:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- SQL

## Jetty Component

The jetty component provides HTTP-based endpoints for consuming and producing HTTP requests. That is, the Jetty component behaves as a simple Web server.
Jetty can also be used as a http client which mean you can also use it with Camel as a producer.

Stream

Jetty is stream based, which means the input it receives is submitted to Camel as a stream. That means you will only be able to read the content of the stream once.
If you find a situation where the message body appears to be empty or you need to access the Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE data multiple times (e.g.: doing multicasting, or redelivery error handling), you should use Stream caching or convert the message body to a `String` which is safe to be re-read multiple times.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`sessionSupport` | `false` | Specifies whether to enable the session manager on the server side of Jetty.
`httpClient.XXX` | `null` | Configuration of Jetty's HttpClient. For example, setting `httpClient.idleTimeout=30000` sets the idle timeout to 30 seconds. And `httpClient.timeout=30000` sets the request timeout to 30 seconds, in case you want to timeout sooner if you have long running request/response calls.
`httpClient` | `null` | To use a shared `org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient` for all producers created by this endpoint. This option should only be used in special circumstances.
`httpClientMinThreads` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Producer only: To set a value for minimum number of threads in `HttpClient` thread pool. This setting override any setting configured on component level. Notice that both a min and max size must be configured. If not set it default to min 8 threads used in Jettys thread pool.
`httpClientMaxThreads` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Producer only: To set a value for maximum number of threads in `HttpClient` thread pool. This setting override any setting configured on component level. Notice that both a min and max size must be configured. If not set it default to max 254 threads used in Jettys thread pool.
`httpBindingRef` | `null` | Reference to an `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpBinding` in the Registry. `HttpBinding` can be used to customize how a response should be written for the consumer.
`jettyHttpBindingRef` | `null` | Camel 2.6.0+: Reference to an `org.apache.camel.component.jetty.JettyHttpBinding` in the Registry. `JettyHttpBinding` can be used to customize how a response should be written for the producer.
`matchOnUriPrefix` | `false` | Whether or not the `CamelServlet` should try to find a target consumer by matching the URI prefix if no exact match is found. See here How do I let Jetty match wildcards.
`handlers` | `null` | Specifies a comma-delimited set of `org.mortbay.jetty.Handler` instances in your Registry (such as your Spring `ApplicationContext`). These handlers are added to the Jetty servlet context (for example, to add security). Important: You can not use different handlers with different Jetty endpoints using the same port number. The handlers is associated to the port number. If you need different handlers, then use different port numbers.
`chunked` | `true` | Camel 2.2: If this option is false Jetty servlet will disable the HTTP streaming and set the content-length header on the response
`enableJmx` | `false` | Camel 2.3: If this option is true, Jetty JMX support will be enabled for this endpoint. See Jetty JMX support for more details.
`disableStreamCache` | `false` | Camel 2.3: Determines whether or not the raw input stream from Jetty is cached or not (Camel will read the stream into a in memory/overflow to file, Stream caching) cache. By default Camel will cache the Jetty input stream to support reading it multiple times to ensure it Camel can retrieve all data from the stream. However you can set this option to `true` when you for example need to access the raw stream, such as streaming it directly to a file or other persistent store. DefaultHttpBinding will copy the request input stream into a stream cache and put it into message body if this option is `false` to support reading the stream multiple times. If you use Jetty to bridge/proxy an endpoint then consider enabling this option to improve performance, in case you do not need to read the message payload multiple times.
`throwExceptionOnFailure` | `true` | Option to disable throwing the `HttpOperationFailedException` in case of failed responses from the remote server. This allows you to get all responses regardles of the HTTP status code.
`transferException` | `false` | Camel 2.6: If enabled and an Exchange failed processing on the consumer side, and if the caused Exception was send back serialized in the response as a `application/x-java-serialized-object` content type. On the producer side the exception will be deserialized and thrown as is, instead of the `HttpOperationFailedException`. The caused exception is required to be serialized.
`bridgeEndpoint` | `false` | Camel 2.1: If the option is true , HttpProducer will ignore the Exchange.HTTP_URI header, and use the endpoint's URI for request. You may also set the throwExceptionOnFailure to be false to let the HttpProducer send all the fault response back. Camel 2.3: If the option is true, HttpProducer and CamelServlet will skip the gzip processing if the content-encoding is "gzip". Also consider setting disableStreamCache to true to optimize when bridging.
`enableMultipartFilter` | `true` | Camel 2.5: Whether Jetty `org.eclipse.jetty.servlets.MultiPartFilter` is enabled or not. You should set this value to `false` when bridging endpoints, to ensure multipart requests is proxied/bridged as well.
`multipartFilterRef` | `null` | Camel 2.6: Allows using a custom multipart filter. Note: setting `multipartFilterRef` forces the value of `enableMultipartFilter` to `true`.
`filtersRef` | `null` | Camel 2.9: Allows using a custom filters which is putted into a list and can be find in the Registry
`continuationTimeout` | `null` | Camel 2.6: Allows to set a timeout in millis when using Jetty as consumer (server). By default Jetty uses 30000. You can use a value of `<= 0` to never expire. If a timeout occurs then the request will be expired and Jetty will return back a http error 503 to the client. This option is only in use when using Jetty with the Asynchronous Routing Engine.
`useContinuation` | `true` | Camel 2.6: Whether or not to use Jetty continuations for the Jetty Server.
`sslContextParametersRef` | `null` | Camel 2.8: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.util.jsse.SSLContextParameters` in the Registry. This reference overrides any configured SSLContextParameters at the component level. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility.
`traceEnabled` | `false` | Specifies whether to enable HTTP TRACE for this Jetty consumer. By default TRACE is turned off.
`headerFilterStrategy` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Reference to a instance of `org.apache.camel.spi.HeaderFilterStrategy` in the Registry. It will be used to apply the custom headerFilterStrategy on the new create HttpJettyEndpoint.
`httpMethodRestrict` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Consumer only: Used to only allow consuming if the HttpMethod matches, such as GET/POST/PUT etc. From Camel 2.15 onwards multiple methods can be specified separated by comma.
`urlRewrite` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Producer only Refers to a custom `org.apache.camel.component.http.UrlRewrite` which allows you to rewrite urls when you bridge/proxy endpoints. See more details at UrlRewrite and How to use Camel as a HTTP proxy between a client and server.
`responseBufferSize` | `null` | Camel 2.12: To use a custom buffer size on the `javax.servlet.ServletResponse`.
`proxyHost` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Producer only The http proxy Host url which will be used by Jetty client.
`proxyPort` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Producer only The http proxy port which will be used by Jetty client.
`sendServerVersion` | `true` | Camel 2.13: if the option is true, jetty will send the server header with the jetty version information to the client which sends the request. NOTE please make sure there is no any other camel-jetty endpoint is share the same port, otherwise this option may not work as expected.
`sendDateHeader` | `false` | Camel 2.14: if the option is true, jetty server will send the date header to the client which sends the request. NOTE please make sure there is no any other camel-jetty endpoint is share the same port, otherwise this option may not work as expected.
`enableCORS` | `false` | Camel 2.15: if the option is true, Jetty server will setup the CrossOriginFilter which supports the CORS out of box.
`okStatusCodeRange` | `200-299` | Camel 2.16: Producer only The status codes which is considered a success response. The values are inclusive. The range must be defined as from-to with the dash included.

### Message Headers

Camel uses the same message headers as the HTTP component.
From Camel 2.2, it also uses (Exchange.HTTP_CHUNKED,CamelHttpChunked) header to turn on or turn off the chuched encoding on the camel-jetty consumer.

Camel also populates all request.parameter and request.headers. For example, given a client request with the URL, `http://myserver/myserver?orderid=123`, the exchange will contain a header named `orderid` with the value 123.

Starting with Camel 2.2.0, you can get the request.parameter from the message header not only from Get Method, but also other HTTP method.

### Usage

The Jetty component supports both consumer and producer endpoints. Another option for producing to other HTTP endpoints, is to use the HTTP Component

### Component Options

The `JettyHttpComponent` provides the following options:

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`enableJmx` | `false` | Camel 2.3: If this option is true, Jetty JMX support will be enabled for this endpoint. See Jetty JMX support for more details.
`sslKeyPassword` | `null` | Consumer only: The password for the keystore when using SSL.
`sslPassword` | `null` | Consumer only: The password when using SSL.
`sslKeystore` | `null` | Consumer only: The path to the keystore.
`minThreads` | `null` | Camel 2.5 Consumer only: To set a value for minimum number of threads in server thread pool. Notice that both a min and max size must be configured.
`maxThreads` | `null` | Camel 2.5 Consumer only: To set a value for maximum number of threads in server thread pool. Notice that both a min and max size must be configured.
`threadPool` | `null` | Camel 2.5 Consumer only: To use a custom thread pool for the server. This option should only be used in special circumstances.
`sslSocketConnectors` | `null` | Camel 2.3 Consumer only: A map which contains per port number specific SSL connectors. See section SSL support for more details.
`socketConnectors` | `null` | Camel 2.5 Consumer only: A map which contains per port number specific HTTP connectors. Uses the same principle as `sslSocketConnectors` and therefore see section SSL support for more details.
`sslSocketConnectorProperties` | `null` | Camel 2.5 Consumer only. A map which contains general SSL connector properties. See section SSL support for more details.
`socketConnectorProperties` | `null` | Camel 2.5 Consumer only. A map which contains general HTTP connector properties. Uses the same principle as `sslSocketConnectorProperties` and therefore see section SSL support for more details.
`httpClient` | `null` | Deprecated: Producer only: To use a custom `HttpClient` with the jetty producer. This option is removed from Camel 2.11 onwards, instead you can set the option on the endpoint instead.
`httpClientMinThreads` | `null` | Producer only: To set a value for minimum number of threads in `HttpClient` thread pool. Notice that both a min and max size must be configured.
`httpClientMaxThreads` | `null` | Producer only: To set a value for maximum number of threads in `HttpClient` thread pool. Notice that both a min and max size must be configured.
`httpClientThreadPool` | `null` | Deprecated: Producer only: To use a custom thread pool for the client. This option is removed from Camel 2.11 onwards.
`sslContextParameters` | `null` | Camel 2.8: To configure a custom SSL/TLS configuration options at the component level. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility for more details.
`requestBufferSize` | `null` | Camel 2.11.2: Allows to configure a custom value of the request buffer size on the Jetty connectors.
`requestHeaderSize` | `null` | Camel 2.11.2: Allows to configure a custom value of the request header size on the Jetty connectors.
`responseBufferSize` | `null` | Camel 2.11.2: Allows to configure a custom value of the response buffer size on the Jetty connectors.
`responseHeaderSize` | `null` | Camel 2.11.2: Allows to configure a custom value of the response header size on the Jetty connectors.
`proxyHost` | `null` | Camel 2.12.2/2.11.3 To use a http proxy.
`proxyPort` | `null` | Camel 2.12.2/2.11.3: To use a http proxy.
`errorHandler` | `null` | Camel 2.15: This option is used to set the ErrorHandler that Jetty server uses.

### Producer Example

The following is a basic example of how to send an HTTP request to an existing HTTP endpoint.

in Java DSL

or in Spring XML

### Consumer Example

In this sample we define a route that exposes a HTTP service at `http://localhost:8080/myapp/myservice`:

Usage of localhost

When you specify `localhost` in a URL, Camel exposes the endpoint only on the local TCP/IP network interface, so it cannot be accessed from outside the machine it operates on.

If you need to expose a Jetty endpoint on a specific network interface, the numerical IP address of this interface should be used as the host. If you need to expose a Jetty endpoint on all network interfaces, the `0.0.0.0` address should be used.

To listen across an entire URI prefix, see How do I let Jetty match wildcards.

If you actually want to expose routes by HTTP and already have a Servlet, you should instead refer to the Servlet Transport.

Our business logic is implemented in the `MyBookService` class, which accesses the HTTP request contents and then returns a response.
Note: The `assert` call appears in this example, because the code is part of an unit test.

The following sample shows a content-based route that routes all requests containing the URI parameter, `one`, to the endpoint, `mock:one`, and all others to `mock:other`.
So if a client sends the HTTP request, `http://serverUri?one=hello`, the Jetty component will copy the HTTP request parameter, `one` to the exchange's `in.header`. We can then use the `simple` language to route exchanges that contain this header to a specific endpoint and all others to another. If we used a language more powerful than Simple (such as EL or OGNL) we could also test for the parameter value and do routing based on the header value as well.

### Session Support

The session support option, `sessionSupport`, can be used to enable a `HttpSession` object and access the session object while processing the exchange. For example, the following route enables sessions:

The `myCode` Processor can be instantiated by a Spring `bean` element:

Where the processor implementation can access the `HttpSession` as follows:

### SSL Support (HTTPS)

##### Using the JSSE Configuration Utility

As of Camel 2.8, the Jetty component supports SSL/TLS configuration through the Camel JSSE Configuration Utility. This utility greatly decreases the amount of component specific code you need to write and is configurable at the endpoint and component levels. The following examples demonstrate how to use the utility with the Jetty component.

###### Programmatic configuration of the component

###### Spring DSL based configuration of endpoint

##### Configuring Jetty Directly

Jetty provides SSL support out of the box. To enable Jetty to run in SSL mode, simply format the URI with the `https://` prefix---for example:

Jetty also needs to know where to load your keystore from and what passwords to use in order to load the correct SSL certificate. Set the following JVM System Properties:

until Camel 2.2

- `jetty.ssl.keystore` specifies the location of the Java keystore file, which contains the Jetty server's own X.509 certificate in a key entry. A key entry stores the X.509 certificate (effectively, the public key) and also its associated private key.
- `jetty.ssl.password` the store password, which is required to access the keystore file (this is the same password that is supplied to the `keystore` command's `-storepass` option).
- `jetty.ssl.keypassword` the key password, which is used to access the certificate's key entry in the keystore (this is the same password that is supplied to the `keystore` command's `-keypass` option).

from Camel 2.3 onwards

- `org.eclipse.jetty.ssl.keystore` specifies the location of the Java keystore file, which contains the Jetty server's own X.509 certificate in a key entry. A key entry stores the X.509 certificate (effectively, the public key) and also its associated private key.
- `org.eclipse.jetty.ssl.password` the store password, which is required to access the keystore file (this is the same password that is supplied to the `keystore` command's `-storepass` option).
- `org.eclipse.jetty.ssl.keypassword` the key password, which is used to access the certificate's key entry in the keystore (this is the same password that is supplied to the `keystore` command's `-keypass` option).

For details of how to configure SSL on a Jetty endpoint, read the following documentation at the Jetty Site: http://docs.codehaus.org/display/JETTY/How+to+configure+SSL

Some SSL properties aren't exposed directly by Camel, however Camel does expose the underlying SslSocketConnector, which will allow you to set properties like needClientAuth for mutual authentication requiring a client certificate or wantClientAuth for mutual authentication where a client doesn't need a certificate but can have one. There's a slight difference between the various Camel versions:

Up to Camel 2.2

Camel 2.3, 2.4

*From Camel 2.5 we switch to use SslSelectChannelConnector *

The value you use as keys in the above map is the port you configure Jetty to listen on.

#### Configuring general SSL properties

Available as of Camel 2.5

Instead of a per port number specific SSL socket connector (as shown above) you can now configure general properties which applies for all SSL socket connectors (which is not explicit configured as above with the port number as entry).

#### How to obtain reference to the X509Certificate

Jetty stores a reference to the certificate in the HttpServletRequest which you can access from code as follows:

#### Configuring general HTTP properties

Available as of Camel 2.5

Instead of a per port number specific HTTP socket connector (as shown above) you can now configure general properties which applies for all HTTP socket connectors (which is not explicit configured as above with the port number as entry).

#### Obtaining X-Forwarded-For header with HttpServletRequest.getRemoteAddr()

If the HTTP requests are handled by an Apache server and forwarded to jetty with mod_proxy, the original client IP address is in the X-Forwarded-For header and the HttpServletRequest.getRemoteAddr() will return the address of the Apache proxy.

Jetty has a forwarded property which takes the value from X-Forwarded-For and places it in the HttpServletRequest remoteAddr property. This property is not available directly through the endpoint configuration but it can be easily added using the socketConnectors property:

This is particularly useful when an existing Apache server handles TLS connections for a domain and proxies them to application servers internally.

### Default behavior for returning HTTP status codes

The default behavior of HTTP status codes is defined by the `org.apache.camel.component.http.DefaultHttpBinding` class, which handles how a response is written and also sets the HTTP status code.

If the exchange was processed successfully, the 200 HTTP status code is returned.
If the exchange failed with an exception, the 500 HTTP status code is returned, and the stacktrace is returned in the body. If you want to specify which HTTP status code to return, set the code in the `Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE` header of the OUT message.

### Customizing HttpBinding

By default, Camel uses the `org.apache.camel.component.http.DefaultHttpBinding` to handle how a response is written. If you like, you can customize this behavior either by implementing your own `HttpBinding` class or by extending `DefaultHttpBinding` and overriding the appropriate methods.

The following example shows how to customize the `DefaultHttpBinding` in order to change how exceptions are returned:

We can then create an instance of our binding and register it in the Spring registry as follows:

And then we can reference this binding when we define the route:

### Jetty handlers and security configuration

You can configure a list of Jetty handlers on the endpoint, which can be useful for enabling advanced Jetty security features. These handlers are configured in Spring XML as follows:

And from Camel 2.3 onwards you can configure a list of Jetty handlers as follows:

You can then define the endpoint as:

If you need more handlers, set the `handlers` option equal to a comma-separated list of bean IDs.

### How to return a custom HTTP 500 reply message

You may want to return a custom reply message when something goes wrong, instead of the default reply message Camel Jetty replies with.
You could use a custom `HttpBinding` to be in control of the message mapping, but often it may be easier to use Camel's Exception Clause to construct the custom reply message. For example as show here, where we return `Dude something went wrong` with HTTP error code 500:

### Multi-part Form support

From Camel 2.3.0, camel-jetty support to multipart form post out of box. The submitted form-data are mapped into the message header. Camel-jetty creates an attachment for each uploaded file. The file name is mapped to the name of the attachment. The content type is set as the content type of the attachment file name. You can find the example here.

Note: getName() functions as shown below in versions 2.5 and higher. In earlier versions you receive the temporary file name for the attachment instead

### Jetty JMX support

From Camel 2.3.0, camel-jetty supports the enabling of Jetty's JMX capabilities at the component and endpoint level with the endpoint configuration taking priority. Note that JMX must be enabled within the Camel context in order to enable JMX support in this component as the component provides Jetty with a reference to the MBeanServer registered with the Camel context. Because the camel-jetty component caches and reuses Jetty resources for a given protocol/host/port pairing, this configuration option will only be evaluated during the creation of the first endpoint to use a protocol/host/port pairing. For example, given two routes created from the following XML fragments, JMX support would remain enabled for all endpoints listening on "https://0.0.0.0".

The camel-jetty component also provides for direct configuration of the Jetty MBeanContainer. Jetty creates MBean names dynamically. If you are running another instance of Jetty outside of the Camel context and sharing the same MBeanServer between the instances, you can provide both instances with a reference to the same MBeanContainer in order to avoid name collisions when registering Jetty MBeans.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- HTTP

## Jing Component

The Jing component uses the Jing Library to perform XML validation of the message body using either

- RelaxNG XML Syntax
- RelaxNG Compact Syntax

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

Note that the MSV component can also support RelaxNG XML syntax.

### URI format Camel 2.15 or older

Where rng means use the RelaxNG XML Syntax whereas rnc means use RelaxNG Compact Syntax. The following examples show possible URI values

Example | Description
--- | ---
rng:foo/bar.rng | References the XML file foo/bar.rng on the classpath
rnc: http://foo.com/bar.rnc | References the RelaxNG Compact Syntax file from the URL, http://foo.com/bar.rnc

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### URI format Camel 2.16

From Camel 2.16 the component use jing as name, and you can use the option compactSyntax to turn on either RNG or RNC mode.

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
compactSyntax | `false` | Whether to validate using RelaxNG compact syntax or not.

### Example

The following example shows how to configure a route from the endpoint direct:start which then goes to one of two endpoints, either mock:valid or mock:invalid based on whether or not the XML matches the given RelaxNG Compact Syntax schema (which is supplied on the classpath).

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## JMS Component

Using ActiveMQ

If you are using Apache ActiveMQ, you should prefer the ActiveMQ component as it has been optimized for ActiveMQ. All of the options and samples on this page are also valid for the ActiveMQ component.

Transacted and caching

See section Transactions and Cache Levels below if you are using transactions with JMS as it can impact performance.

Request/Reply over JMS

Make sure to read the section Request-reply over JMS further below on this page for important notes about request/reply, as Camel offers a number of options to configure for performance, and clustered environments.

The JMS component allows messages to be sent to (or consumed from) a JMS Queue or Topic. The implementation of the JMS Component uses Spring's JMS support for declarative transactions, using Spring's `JmsTemplate` for sending and a `MessageListenerContainer` for consuming.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where `destinationName` is a JMS queue or topic name. By default, the `destinationName` is interpreted as a queue name. For example, to connect to the queue, `FOO.BAR` use:

You can include the optional `queue:` prefix, if you prefer:

To connect to a topic, you must include the `topic:` prefix. For example, to
connect to the topic, `Stocks.Prices`, use:

You append query options to the URI using the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Notes

#### Using ActiveMQ

The JMS component reuses Spring 2's `JmsTemplate` for sending messages. This is not ideal for use in a non-J2EE container and typically requires some caching in the JMS provider to avoid poor performance.

If you intend to use Apache ActiveMQ as your Message Broker - which is a good choice as ActiveMQ rocks , then we recommend that you either:

- Use the ActiveMQ component, which is already optimized to use ActiveMQ efficiently
- Use the `PoolingConnectionFactory` in ActiveMQ.

#### Transactions and Cache Levels

If you are consuming messages and using transactions (`transacted=true`) then the default settings for cache level can impact performance.
If you are using XA transactions then you cannot cache as it can cause the XA transaction to not work properly.

If you are not using XA, then you should consider caching as it speeds up performance, such as setting `cacheLevelName=CACHE_CONSUMER`.

Through Camel 2.7.x, the default setting for `cacheLevelName` is `CACHE_CONSUMER`. You will need to explicitly set `cacheLevelName=CACHE_NONE`.
In Camel 2.8 onwards, the default setting for `cacheLevelName` is `CACHE_AUTO`. This default auto detects the mode and sets the cache level accordingly to:

- CACHE_CONSUMER = if transacted=false
- CACHE_NONE = if transacted=true

So you can say the default setting is conservative. Consider using `cacheLevelName=CACHE_CONSUMER` if you are using non-XA transactions.

#### Durable Subscriptions

If you wish to use durable topic subscriptions, you need to specify both clientId and durableSubscriptionName. The value of the `clientId` must be unique and can only be used by a single JMS connection instance in your entire network. You may prefer to use Virtual Topics instead to avoid this limitation. More background on durable messaging here.

#### Message Header Mapping

When using message headers, the JMS specification states that header names must be valid Java identifiers. So try to name your headers to be valid Java identifiers. One benefit of doing this is that you can then use your headers inside a JMS Selector (whose SQL92 syntax mandates Java identifier syntax for headers).

A simple strategy for mapping header names is used by default. The strategy is to replace any dots and hyphens in the header name as shown below and to reverse the replacement when the header name is restored from a JMS message sent over the wire. What does this mean? No more losing method names to invoke on a bean component, no more losing the filename header for the File Component, and so on.

The current header name strategy for accepting header names in Camel is as follows:

- Dots are replaced by `_DOT_` and the replacement is reversed when Camel consume the message
- Hyphen is replaced by `_HYPHEN_` and the replacement is reversed when Camel consumes the message

### Options

You can configure many different properties on the JMS endpoint which map to properties on the JMSConfiguration POJO.

Mapping to Spring JMS

Many of these properties map to properties on Spring JMS, which Camel uses for sending and receiving messages. So you can get more information about these properties by consulting the relevant Spring documentation.

The options are divided into two tables, the first one with the most common options used. The latter contains the rest.

#### Most commonly used options

Option | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`clientId` | `null` | Sets the JMS client ID to use. Note that this value, if specified, must be unique and can only be used by a single JMS connection instance. It is typically only required for durable topic subscriptions. You may prefer to use Virtual Topics instead.
`concurrentConsumers` | `1` | Specifies the default number of concurrent consumers. From Camel 2.10.3 onwards this option can also be used when doing request/reply over JMS. From Camel 2.16 onwards there is a new replyToConcurrentConsumers. See also the `maxMessagesPerTask` option to control dynamic scaling up/down of threads.
`replyToConcurrentConsumers` | 1 | Camel 2.16: Specifies the default number of concurrent consumers when doing request/reply over JMS.
`disableReplyTo` | `false` | If `true`, a producer will behave like a InOnly exchange with the exception that `JMSReplyTo` header is sent out and not be suppressed like in the case of `InOnly`. Like `InOnly` the producer will not wait for a reply. A consumer with this flag will behave like `InOnly`. This feature can be used to bridge `InOut` requests to another queue so that a route on the other queue will send it´s response directly back to the original `JMSReplyTo`.
`durableSubscriptionName` | `null` | The durable subscriber name for specifying durable topic subscriptions. The `clientId` option must be configured as well.
`maxConcurrentConsumers` | `1` | Specifies the maximum number of concurrent consumers. From Camel 2.10.3 onwards this option can also be used when doing request/reply over JMS. From Camel 2.16 onwards there is a new replyToMaxConcurrentConsumers. See also the `maxMessagesPerTask` option to control dynamic scaling up/down of threads. The `maxMessagesPerTask` option MUST be set to an integer greater than 0 for threads to scale down. Otherwise, the number of threads will stay at maxConcurrentConsumers until shutdown.
`replyToMaxConcurrentConsumers` | 1 | Camel 2.16: Specifies the maximum number of concurrent consumers when doing request/reply over JMS. See also the `maxMessagesPerTask` option to control dynamic scaling up/down of threads.
`maxMessagesPerTask` | `-1` | The number of messages per task. -1 is unlimited. If you use a range for concurrent consumers (eg min < max), then this option can be used to set a value to eg `100` to control how fast the consumers will shrink when less work is required.
`preserveMessageQos` | `false` | Set to `true`, if you want to send message using the QoS settings specified on the message, instead of the QoS settings on the JMS endpoint. The following three headers are considered `JMSPriority`, `JMSDeliveryMode`, and `JMSExpiration`. You can provide all or only some of them. If not provided, Camel will fall back to use the values from the endpoint instead. So, when using this option, the headers override the values from the endpoint. The `explicitQosEnabled` option, by contrast, will only use options set on the endpoint, and not values from the message header.
`replyTo` | `null` | Provides an explicit ReplyTo destination, which overrides any incoming value of `Message.getJMSReplyTo()`. If you do Request Reply over JMS then make sure to read the section Request-reply over JMS further below for more details, and the `replyToType` option as well.
`replyToOverride` | `null` | Camel 2.15: Provides an explicit ReplyTo destination in the JMS message, which overrides the setting of replyTo. It is useful if you want to forward the message to a remote Queue and receive the reply message from the ReplyTo destination.
`replyToType` | `null` | Camel 2.9: Allows for explicitly specifying which kind of strategy to use for replyTo queues when doing request/reply over JMS. Possible values are: `Temporary`, `Shared`, or `Exclusive`. By default Camel will use temporary queues. However if `replyTo` has been configured, then `Shared` is used by default. This option allows you to use exclusive queues instead of shared ones. See further below for more details, and especially the notes about the implications if running in a clustered environment, and the fact that `Shared` reply queues has lower performance than its alternatives `Temporary` and `Exclusive`.
`requestTimeout` | `20000` | Producer only: The timeout for waiting for a reply when using the InOut Exchange Pattern (in milliseconds). The default is 20 seconds. From Camel 2.13/2.12.3 onwards you can include the header `"CamelJmsRequestTimeout"` to override this endpoint configured timeout value, and thus have per message individual timeout values. See below in section About time to live for more details. See also the requestTimeoutCheckerInterval option.
`selector` | `null` | Sets the JMS Selector, which is an SQL 92 predicate that is used to filter messages within the broker. You may have to encode special characters such as = as %3D Before Camel 2.3.0, we don't support this option in CamelConsumerTemplate
`timeToLive` | `null` | When sending messages, specifies the time-to-live of the message (in milliseconds). See below in section About time to live for more details.
`transacted` | `false` | Specifies whether to use transacted mode for sending/receiving messages using the InOnly Exchange Pattern.
`testConnectionOnStartup` | `false` | Camel 2.1: Specifies whether to test the connection on startup. This ensures that when Camel starts that all the JMS consumers have a valid connection to the JMS broker. If a connection cannot be granted then Camel throws an exception on startup. This ensures that Camel is not started with failed connections. From Camel 2.8 onwards also the JMS producers is tested as well.

#### All the other options

Option | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`acceptMessagesWhileStopping` | `false` | Specifies whether the consumer accept messages while it is stopping. You may consider enabling this option, if you start and stop JMS routes at runtime, while there are still messages enqued on the queue. If this option is `false`, and you stop the JMS route, then messages may be rejected, and the JMS broker would have to attempt redeliveries, which yet again may be rejected, and eventually the message may be moved at a dead letter queue on the JMS broker. To avoid this its recommended to enable this option.
`acknowledgementModeName` | `AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE` | The JMS acknowledgement name, which is one of: `SESSION_TRANSACTED`, `CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE`, `AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE`, `DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE`
`acknowledgementMode` | `-1` | The JMS acknowledgement mode defined as an Integer. Allows you to set vendor-specific extensions to the acknowledgment mode. For the regular modes, it is preferable to use the `acknowledgementModeName` instead.
`allowNullBody` | `true` | Camel 2.9.3/2.10.1: Whether to allow sending messages with no body. If this option is `false` and the message body is null, then an `JMSException` is thrown.
`alwaysCopyMessage` | `false` | If `true`, Camel will always make a JMS message copy of the message when it is passed to the producer for sending. Copying the message is needed in some situations, such as when a `replyToDestinationSelectorName` is set (incidentally, Camel will set the `alwaysCopyMessage` option to `true`, if a `replyToDestinationSelectorName` is set)
`asyncConsumer` | `false` | Camel 2.9: Whether the `JmsConsumer` processes the Exchange asynchronously. If enabled then the `JmsConsumer` may pickup the next message from the JMS queue, while the previous message is being processed asynchronously (by the Asynchronous Routing Engine). This means that messages may be processed not 100% strictly in order. If disabled (as default) then the Exchange is fully processed before the `JmsConsumer` will pickup the next message from the JMS queue. Note if `transacted` has been enabled, then `asyncConsumer=true` does not run asynchronously, as transactions must be executed synchronously (Camel 3.0 may support async transactions).
`asyncStartListener` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Whether to startup the `JmsConsumer` message listener asynchronously, when starting a route. For example if a `JmsConsumer` cannot get a connection to a remote JMS broker, then it may block while retrying and/or failover. This will cause Camel to block while starting routes. By setting this option to `true`, you will let routes startup, while the `JmsConsumer` connects to the JMS broker using a dedicated thread in asynchronous mode. If this option is used, then beware that if the connection could not be established, then an exception is logged at `WARN` level, and the consumer will not be able to receive messages; You can then restart the route to retry.
`asyncStopListener` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Whether to stop the `JmsConsumer` message listener asynchronously, when stopping a route.
`autoStartup` | `true` | Specifies whether the consumer container should auto-startup.
`cacheLevelName` | CACHE_AUTO (Camel >= 2.8.0) CACHE_CONSUMER (Camel <= 2.7.1) | Sets the cache level by name for the underlying JMS resources. Possible values are: `CACHE_AUTO`, `CACHE_CONNECTION`, `CACHE_CONSUMER`, `CACHE_NONE`, and `CACHE_SESSION`. The default setting for Camel 2.8 and newer is `CACHE_AUTO`. For Camel 2.7.1 and older the default is `CACHE_CONSUMER`. See the Spring documentation and Transactions Cache Levels for more information.
`cacheLevel` |  | Sets the cache level by ID for the underlying JMS resources. See `cacheLevelName` option for more details.
`consumerType` | `Default` | The consumer type to use, which can be one of: `Simple`, `Default`, or `Custom`. The consumer type determines which Spring JMS listener to use. `Default` will use `org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer`, `Simple` will use `org.springframework.jms.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer`. When `Custom` is specified, the `MessageListenerContainerFactory` defined by the `messageListenerContainerFactoryRef` option will determine what `org.springframework.jms.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer` to use (new option in Camel 2.10.2 onwards). This option was temporary removed in Camel 2.7 and 2.8. But has been added back from Camel 2.9 onwards.
`connectionFactory` | `null` | The default JMS connection factory to use for the `listenerConnectionFactory` and `templateConnectionFactory`, if neither is specified.
`defaultTaskExecutorType` | (see description) | Camel 2.10.4: Specifies what default TaskExecutor type to use in the DefaultMessageListenerContainer, for both consumer endpoints and the ReplyTo consumer of producer endpoints. Possible values: `SimpleAsync` (uses Spring's SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor) or `ThreadPool` (uses Spring's ThreadPoolTaskExecutor with optimal values - cached threadpool-like). If not set, it defaults to the previous behaviour, which uses a cached thread pool for consumer endpoints and SimpleAsync for reply consumers. The use of `ThreadPool` is recommended to reduce "thread trash" in elastic configurations with dynamically increasing and decreasing concurrent consumers.
`deliveryMode` | null | Camel 2.12.2/2.13: Specifies the delivery mode to be used. Possibles values are those defined by `javax.jms.DeliveryMode`.
`deliveryPersistent` | `true` | Specifies whether persistent delivery is used by default.
`destination` | `null` | Specifies the JMS Destination object to use on this endpoint.
`destinationName` | `null` | Specifies the JMS destination name to use on this endpoint.
`destinationResolver` | `null` | A pluggable `org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DestinationResolver` that allows you to use your own resolver (for example, to lookup the real destination in a JNDI registry).
`disableTimeToLive` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Use this option to force disabling time to live. For example when you do request/reply over JMS, then Camel will by default use the `requestTimeout` value as time to live on the message being sent. The problem is that the sender and receiver systems have to have their clocks synchronized, so they are in sync. This is not always so easy to archive. So you can use `disableTimeToLive=true` to not set a time to live value on the sent message. Then the message will not expire on the receiver system. See below in section About time to live for more details.
`eagerLoadingOfProperties` | `false` | Enables eager loading of JMS properties as soon as a message is received, which is generally inefficient, because the JMS properties might not be required. But this feature can sometimes catch early any issues with the underlying JMS provider and the use of JMS properties. This feature can also be used for testing purposes, to ensure JMS properties can be understood and handled correctly.
`exceptionListener` | `null` | Specifies the JMS Exception Listener that is to be notified of any underlying JMS exceptions.
`errorHandler` | `null` | Camel 2.8.2, 2.9: Specifies a `org.springframework.util.ErrorHandler` to be invoked in case of any uncaught exceptions thrown while processing a `Message`. By default these exceptions will be logged at the WARN level, if no `errorHandler` has been configured. From Camel 2.9.1: onwards you can configure logging level and whether stack traces should be logged using the below two options. This makes it much easier to configure, than having to code a custom `errorHandler`.
`errorHandlerLoggingLevel` | `WARN` | Camel 2.9.1: Allows to configure the default `errorHandler` logging level for logging uncaught exceptions.
`errorHandlerLogStackTrace` | `true` | Camel 2.9.1: Allows to control whether stacktraces should be logged or not, by the default `errorHandler`.
`explicitQosEnabled` | `false` | Set if the `deliveryMode`, `priority` or `timeToLive` qualities of service should be used when sending messages. This option is based on Spring's `JmsTemplate`. The `deliveryMode`, `priority` and `timeToLive` options are applied to the current endpoint. This contrasts with the `preserveMessageQos` option, which operates at message granularity, reading QoS properties exclusively from the Camel In message headers.
`exposeListenerSession` | `true` | Specifies whether the listener session should be exposed when consuming messages.
`forceSendOriginalMessage` | `false` | Camel 2.7: When using `mapJmsMessage=false` Camel will create a new JMS message to send to a new JMS destination if you touch the headers (get or set) during the route. Set this option to `true` to force Camel to send the original JMS message that was received.
`idleTaskExecutionLimit` | `1` | Specifies the limit for idle executions of a receive task, not having received any message within its execution. If this limit is reached, the task will shut down and leave receiving to other executing tasks (in the case of dynamic scheduling; see the `maxConcurrentConsumers` setting). There is additional doc available from Spring.
`idleConsumerLimit` | `1` | Camel 2.8.2, 2.9: Specify the limit for the number of consumers that are allowed to be idle at any given time.
`includeSentJMSMessageID` | `false` | Camel 2.10.3: Only applicable when sending to JMS destination using InOnly (eg fire and forget). Enabling this option will enrich the Camel Exchange with the actual JMSMessageID that was used by the JMS client when the message was sent to the JMS destination.
`includeAllJMSXProperties` | `false` | Camel 2.11.2/2.12: Whether to include all JMSXxxx properties when mapping from JMS to Camel Message. Setting this to `true` will include properties such as `JMSXAppID`, and `JMSXUserID` etc. Note: If you are using a custom `headerFilterStrategy` then this option does not apply.
`jmsMessageType` | `null` | Allows you to force the use of a specific `javax.jms.Message` implementation for sending JMS messages. Possible values are: `Bytes`, `Map`, `Object`, `Stream`, `Text`. By default, Camel would determine which JMS message type to use from the In body type. This option allows you to specify it.
`jmsKeyFormatStrategy` | `default` | Pluggable strategy for encoding and decoding JMS keys so they can be compliant with the JMS specification. Camel provides two implementations out of the box: `default` and `passthrough`. The `default` strategy will safely marshal dots and hyphens (`.` and `-`). The `passthrough` strategy leaves the key as is. Can be used for JMS brokers which do not care whether JMS header keys contain illegal characters. You can provide your own implementation of the `org.apache.camel.component.jms.JmsKeyFormatStrategy` and refer to it using the `#` notation.
`jmsOperations` | `null` | Allows you to use your own implementation of the `org.springframework.jms.core.JmsOperations` interface. Camel uses `JmsTemplate` as default. Can be used for testing purpose, but not used much as stated in the spring API docs.
`lazyCreateTransactionManager` | `true` | If `true`, Camel will create a `JmsTransactionManager`, if there is no `transactionManager` injected when option `transacted=true`.
`listenerConnectionFactory` | `null` | The JMS connection factory used for consuming messages.
`mapJmsMessage` | `true` | Specifies whether Camel should auto map the received JMS message to an appropiate payload type, such as `javax.jms.TextMessage` to a `String` etc. See section about how mapping works below for more details.
`maximumBrowseSize` | `-1` | Limits the number of messages fetched at most, when browsing endpoints using Browse or JMX API.
`messageConverter` | `null` | To use a custom Spring `org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter` so you can be 100% in control how to map to/from a `javax.jms.Message`.
`messageIdEnabled` | `true` | When sending, specifies whether message IDs should be added.
`messageListenerContainerFactoryRef` | `null` | Camel 2.10.2: Registry ID of the `MessageListenerContainerFactory` used to determine what `org.springframework.jms.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer` to use to consume messages. Setting this will automatically set `consumerType` to `Custom`.
`messageTimestampEnabled` | `true` | Specifies whether timestamps should be enabled by default on sending messages.
`password` | `null` | The password for the connector factory.
`priority` | `4` | Values greater than 1 specify the message priority when sending (where 0 is the lowest priority and 9 is the highest). The `explicitQosEnabled` option must also be enabled in order for this option to have any effect.
`pubSubNoLocal` | `false` | Specifies whether to inhibit the delivery of messages published by its own connection.
`receiveTimeout` | 1000 | The timeout for receiving messages (in milliseconds).
`recoveryInterval` | `5000` | Specifies the interval between recovery attempts, i.e. when a connection is being refreshed, in milliseconds. The default is 5000 ms, that is, 5 seconds.
`replyToCacheLevelName` | CACHE_CONSUMER | Camel 2.9.1: Sets the cache level by name for the reply consumer when doing request/reply over JMS. This option only applies when using fixed reply queues (not temporary). Camel will by default use: `CACHE_CONSUMER` for exclusive or shared w/ `replyToSelectorName`. And `CACHE_SESSION` for shared without `replyToSelectorName`. Some JMS brokers such as IBM WebSphere may require to set the `replyToCacheLevelName=CACHE_NONE` to work. Note: If using temporary queues then `CACHE_NONE` is not allowed, and you must use a higher value such as `CACHE_CONSUMER` or `CACHE_SESSION`.
`replyToDestinationSelectorName` | `null` | Sets the JMS Selector using the fixed name to be used so you can filter out your own replies from the others when using a shared queue (that is, if you are not using a temporary reply queue).
`replyToDeliveryPersistent` | `true` | Specifies whether to use persistent delivery by default for replies.
`requestTimeoutCheckerInterval` | `1000` | Camel 2.9.2: Configures how often Camel should check for timed out Exchanges when doing request/reply over JMS.By default Camel checks once per second. But if you must react faster when a timeout occurs, then you can lower this interval, to check more frequently. The timeout is determined by the option requestTimeout.
`subscriptionDurable` | `false` | @deprecated: Enabled by default, if you specify a `durableSubscriptionName` and a `clientId`.
`taskExecutor` | `null` | Allows you to specify a custom task executor for consuming messages.
`taskExecutorSpring2` | `null` | Camel 2.6: To use when using Spring 2.x with Camel. Allows you to specify a custom task executor for consuming messages.
`templateConnectionFactory` | `null` | The JMS connection factory used for sending messages.
`transactedInOut` | `false` | @deprecated: Specifies whether to use transacted mode for sending messages using the InOut Exchange Pattern. Applies only to producer endpoints. See section Enabling Transacted Consumption for more details.
`transactionManager` | `null` | The Spring transaction manager to use.
`transactionName` | `"JmsConsumer[destinationName]"` | The name of the transaction to use.
`transactionTimeout` | `null` | The timeout value of the transaction (in seconds), if using transacted mode.
`transferException` | `false` | If enabled and you are using Request Reply messaging (InOut) and an Exchange failed on the consumer side, then the caused `Exception` will be send back in response as a `javax.jms.ObjectMessage`. If the client is Camel, the returned `Exception` is rethrown. This allows you to use Camel JMS as a bridge in your routing - for example, using persistent queues to enable robust routing. Notice that if you also have transferExchange enabled, this option takes precedence. The caught exception is required to be serializable. The original `Exception` on the consumer side can be wrapped in an outer exception such as `org.apache.camel.RuntimeCamelException` when returned to the producer.
`transferExchange` | `false` | You can transfer the exchange over the wire instead of just the body and headers. The following fields are transferred: In body, Out body, Fault body, In headers, Out headers, Fault headers, exchange properties, exchange exception. This requires that the objects are serializable. Camel will exclude any non-serializable objects and log it at `WARN` level. You must enable this option on both the producer and consumer side, so Camel knows the payloads is an Exchange and not a regular payload.
`username` | `null` | The username for the connector factory.
`useMessageIDAsCorrelationID` | `false` | Specifies whether `JMSMessageID` should always be used as `JMSCorrelationID` for InOut messages.
`useVersion102` | `false` | @deprecated (removed from Camel 2.5 onwards): Specifies whether the old JMS API should be used.

### Message Mapping between JMS and Camel

Camel automatically maps messages between `javax.jms.Message` and `org.apache.camel.Message`.

When sending a JMS message, Camel converts the message body to the following JMS message types:

Body Type | JMS Message | Comment
--- | --- | ---
`String` | `javax.jms.TextMessage` |
`org.w3c.dom.Node` | `javax.jms.TextMessage` | The DOM will be converted to `String`.
`Map` | `javax.jms.MapMessage` |
`java.io.Serializable` | `javax.jms.ObjectMessage` |
`byte[]` | `javax.jms.BytesMessage` |
`java.io.File` | `javax.jms.BytesMessage` |
`java.io.Reader` | `javax.jms.BytesMessage` |
`java.io.InputStream` | `javax.jms.BytesMessage` |
`java.nio.ByteBuffer` | `javax.jms.BytesMessage` |

When receiving a JMS message, Camel converts the JMS message to the following body type:

JMS Message | Body Type
--- | ---
`javax.jms.TextMessage` | `String`
`javax.jms.BytesMessage` | `byte[]`
`javax.jms.MapMessage` | `Map<String, Object>`
`javax.jms.ObjectMessage` | `Object`

#### Disabling auto-mapping of JMS messages

You can use the `mapJmsMessage` option to disable the auto-mapping above. If disabled, Camel will not try to map the received JMS message, but instead uses it directly as the payload. This allows you to avoid the overhead of mapping and let Camel just pass through the JMS message. For instance, it even allows you to route `javax.jms.ObjectMessage` JMS messages with classes you do not have on the classpath.

#### Using a custom MessageConverter

You can use the `messageConverter` option to do the mapping yourself in a Spring `org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter` class.

For example, in the route below we use a custom message converter when sending a message to the JMS order queue:

You can also use a custom message converter when consuming from a JMS destination.

#### Controlling the mapping strategy selected

You can use the jmsMessageType option on the endpoint URL to force a specific message type for all messages.
In the route below, we poll files from a folder and send them as `javax.jms.TextMessage` as we have forced the JMS producer endpoint to use text messages:

You can also specify the message type to use for each messabe by setting the header with the key `CamelJmsMessageType`. For example:

The possible values are defined in the `enum` class, `org.apache.camel.jms.JmsMessageType`.

### Message format when sending

The exchange that is sent over the JMS wire must conform to the JMS Message spec.

For the `exchange.in.header` the following rules apply for the header keys:

- Keys starting with `JMS` or `JMSX` are reserved.
- `exchange.in.headers` keys must be literals and all be valid Java identifiers (do not use dots in the key name).
- Camel replaces dots & hyphens and the reverse when when consuming JMS messages:
  `.` is replaced by `_DOT_` and the reverse replacement when Camel consumes the message.
  `-` is replaced by `_HYPHEN_` and the reverse replacement when Camel consumes the message.
- See also the option `jmsKeyFormatStrategy`, which allows use of your own custom strategy for formatting keys.

For the `exchange.in.header`, the following rules apply for the header values:

- The values must be primitives or their counter objects (such as `Integer`, `Long`, `Character`). The types, `String`, `CharSequence`, `Date`, `BigDecimal` and `BigInteger` are all converted to their `toString()` representation. All other types are dropped.

Camel will log with category `org.apache.camel.component.jms.JmsBinding` at DEBUG level if it drops a given header value. For example:

### Message format when receiving

Camel adds the following properties to the `Exchange` when it receives a message:

Property | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`org.apache.camel.jms.replyDestination` | `javax.jms.Destination` | The reply destination.

Camel adds the following JMS properties to the In message headers when it receives a JMS message:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`JMSCorrelationID` | `String` | The JMS correlation ID.
`JMSDeliveryMode` | `int` | The JMS delivery mode.
`JMSDestination` | `javax.jms.Destination` | The JMS destination.
`JMSExpiration` | `long` | The JMS expiration.
`JMSMessageID` | `String` | The JMS unique message ID.
`JMSPriority` | `int` | The JMS priority (with 0 as the lowest priority and 9 as the highest).
`JMSRedelivered` | `boolean` | Is the JMS message redelivered.
`JMSReplyTo` | `javax.jms.Destination` | The JMS reply-to destination.
`JMSTimestamp` | `long` | The JMS timestamp.
`JMSType` | `String` | The JMS type.
`JMSXGroupID` | `String` | The JMS group ID.

As all the above information is standard JMS you can check the JMS documentation for further details.

### About using Camel to send and receive messages and JMSReplyTo

The JMS component is complex and you have to pay close attention to how it works in some cases. So this is a short summary of some of the areas/pitfalls to look for.

When Camel sends a message using its `JMSProducer`, it checks the following conditions:

- The message exchange pattern,
- Whether a `JMSReplyTo` was set in the endpoint or in the message headers,
- Whether any of the following options have been set on the JMS endpoint: `disableReplyTo`, `preserveMessageQos`, `explicitQosEnabled`.

All this can be a tad complex to understand and configure to support your use case.

#### JmsProducer

The `JmsProducer` behaves as follows, depending on configuration:

Exchange Pattern | Other options | Description
--- | --- | ---
InOut | - | Camel will expect a reply, set a temporary `JMSReplyTo`, and after sending the message, it will start to listen for the reply message on the temporary queue.
InOut | `JMSReplyTo` is set | Camel will expect a reply and, after sending the message, it will start to listen for the reply message on the specified `JMSReplyTo` queue.
InOnly | - | Camel will send the message and not expect a reply.
InOnly | `JMSReplyTo` is set | By default, Camel discards the `JMSReplyTo` destination and clears the `JMSReplyTo` header before sending the message. Camel then sends the message and does not expect a reply. Camel logs this in the log at `WARN` level (changed to `DEBUG` level from Camel 2.6 onwards. You can use `preserveMessageQuo=true` to instruct Camel to keep the `JMSReplyTo`. In all situations the `JmsProducer` does not expect any reply and thus continue after sending the message.

#### JmsConsumer

The `JmsConsumer` behaves as follows, depending on configuration:

Exchange Pattern | Other options | Description
--- | --- | ---
InOut | - | Camel will send the reply back to the `JMSReplyTo` queue.
InOnly | - | Camel will not send a reply back, as the pattern is InOnly.
- | `disableReplyTo=true` | This option suppresses replies.

So pay attention to the message exchange pattern set on your exchanges.

If you send a message to a JMS destination in the middle of your route you can specify the exchange pattern to use, see more at Request Reply.
This is useful if you want to send an `InOnly` message to a JMS topic:

### Reuse endpoint and send to different destinations computed at runtime

If you need to send messages to a lot of different JMS destinations, it makes sense to reuse a JMS endpoint and specify the real destination in a message header. This allows Camel to reuse the same endpoint, but send to different destinations. This greatly reduces the number of endpoints created and economizes on memory and thread resources.

You can specify the destination in the following headers:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelJmsDestination` | `javax.jms.Destination` | A destination object.
`CamelJmsDestinationName` | `String` | The destination name.

For example, the following route shows how you can compute a destination at run time and use it to override the destination appearing in the JMS URL:

The queue name, `dummy`, is just a placeholder. It must be provided as part of the JMS endpoint URL, but it will be ignored in this example.

In the `computeDestination` bean, specify the real destination by setting the `CamelJmsDestinationName` header as follows:

Then Camel will read this header and use it as the destination instead of the one configured on the endpoint. So, in this example Camel sends the message to `activemq:queue:order:2`, assuming the `id` value was 2.

If both the `CamelJmsDestination` and the `CamelJmsDestinationName` headers are set, `CamelJmsDestination` takes priority. Keep in mind that the JMS producer removes both `CamelJmsDestination` and `CamelJmsDestinationName` headers from the exchange and do not propagate them to the created JMS message in order to avoid the accidental loops in the routes (in scenarios when the message will be forwarded to the another JMS endpoint).

### Configuring different JMS providers

You can configure your JMS provider in Spring XML as follows:

Basically, you can configure as many JMS component instances as you wish and give them a unique name using the `id` attribute. The preceding example configures an `activemq` component. You could do the same to configure MQSeries, TibCo, BEA, Sonic and so on.

Once you have a named JMS component, you can then refer to endpoints within that component using URIs. For example for the component name, `activemq`, you can then refer to destinations using the URI format, `activemq:[queue:|topic:]destinationName`. You can use the same approach for all other JMS providers.

This works by the SpringCamelContext lazily fetching components from the spring context for the scheme name you use for Endpoint URIs and having the Component resolve the endpoint URIs.

#### Using JNDI to find the ConnectionFactory

If you are using a J2EE container, you might need to look up JNDI to find the JMS `ConnectionFactory` rather than use the usual `<bean>` mechanism in Spring. You can do this using Spring's factory bean or the new Spring XML namespace. For example:

See The jee schema in the Spring reference documentation for more details about JNDI lookup.

### Concurrent Consuming

A common requirement with JMS is to consume messages concurrently in multiple threads in order to make an application more responsive. You can set the `concurrentConsumers` option to specify the number of threads servicing the JMS endpoint, as follows:

You can configure this option in one of the following ways:

- On the `JmsComponent`,
- On the endpoint URI or,
- By invoking `setConcurrentConsumers()` directly on the `JmsEndpoint`.

#### Concurrent Consuming with async consumer

Notice that each concurrent consumer will only pickup the next available message from the JMS broker, when the current message has been fully processed. You can set the option `asyncConsumer=true` to let the consumer pickup the next message from the JMS queue, while the previous message is being processed asynchronously (by the Asynchronous Routing Engine). See more details in the table on top of the page about the `asyncConsumer` option.

### Request-reply over JMS

Camel supports Request Reply over JMS. In essence the MEP of the Exchange should be `InOut` when you send a message to a JMS queue.

Camel offers a number of options to configure request/reply over JMS that influence performance and clustered environments. The table below summaries the options.

Option | Performance | Cluster | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`Temporary` | Fast | Yes | A temporary queue is used as reply queue, and automatic created by Camel. To use this do not specify a replyTo queue name. And you can optionally configure `replyToType=Temporary` to make it stand out that temporary queues are in use.
`Shared` | Slow | Yes | A shared persistent queue is used as reply queue. The queue must be created beforehand, although some brokers can create them on the fly such as Apache ActiveMQ. To use this you must specify the replyTo queue name. And you can optionally configure `replyToType=Shared` to make it stand out that shared queues are in use. A shared queue can be used in a clustered environment with multiple nodes running this Camel application at the same time. All using the same shared reply queue. This is possible because JMS Message selectors are used to correlate expected reply messages; this impacts performance though. JMS Message selectors is slower, and therefore not as fast as `Temporary` or `Exclusive` queues. See further below how to tweak this for better performance.
`Exclusive` | Fast | No (*Yes) | An exclusive persistent queue is used as reply queue. The queue must be created beforehand, although some brokers can create them on the fly such as Apache ActiveMQ. To use this you must specify the replyTo queue name. And you must configure `replyToType=Exclusive` to instruct Camel to use exclusive queues, as `Shared` is used by default, if a `replyTo` queue name was configured. When using exclusive reply queues, then JMS Message selectors are not in use, and therefore other applications must not use this queue as well. An exclusive queue cannot be used in a clustered environment with multiple nodes running this Camel application at the same time; as we do not have control if the reply queue comes back to the same node that sent the request message; that is why shared queues use JMS Message selectors to make sure of this. Though if you configure each Exclusive reply queue with an unique name per node, then you can run this in a clustered environment. As then the reply message will be sent back to that queue for the given node, that awaits the reply message.
`concurrentConsumers` | Fast | Yes | Camel 2.10.3: Allows to process reply messages concurrently using concurrent message listeners in use. You can specify a range using the `concurrentConsumers` and `maxConcurrentConsumers` options. Notice: That using `Shared` reply queues may not work as well with concurrent listeners, so use this option with care.
`maxConcurrentConsumers` | Fast | Yes | Camel 2.10.3: Allows to process reply messages concurrently using concurrent message listeners in use. You can specify a range using the `concurrentConsumers` and `maxConcurrentConsumers` options. Notice: That using `Shared` reply queues may not work as well with concurrent listeners, so use this option with care.

The `JmsProducer` detects the `InOut` and provides a `JMSReplyTo` header with the reply destination to be used. By default Camel uses a temporary queue, but you can use the `replyTo` option on the endpoint to specify a fixed reply queue (see more below about fixed reply queue).

Camel will automatic setup a consumer which listen on the reply queue, so you should not do anything.
This consumer is a Spring `DefaultMessageListenerContainer` which listen for replies. However it's fixed to 1 concurrent consumer.
That means replies will be processed in sequence as there are only 1 thread to process the replies. If you want to process replies faster, then we need to use concurrency. But not using the `concurrentConsumer` option. We should use the `threads` from the Camel DSL instead, as shown in the route below:

Instead of using threads, then use concurrentConsumers option if using Camel 2.10.3 or better. See further below.

In this route we instruct Camel to route replies asynchronously using a thread pool with 5 threads.

From Camel 2.10.3 onwards you can now configure the listener to use concurrent threads using the `concurrentConsumers` and `maxConcurrentConsumers` options. This allows you to easier configure this in Camel as shown below:

#### Request-reply over JMS and using a shared fixed reply queue

If you use a fixed reply queue when doing Request Reply over JMS as shown in the example below, then pay attention.

In this example the fixed reply queue named "bar" is used. By default Camel assumes the queue is shared when using fixed reply queues, and therefore it uses a `JMSSelector` to only pickup the expected reply messages (eg based on the `JMSCorrelationID`). See next section for exclusive fixed reply queues. That means its not as fast as temporary queues. You can speedup how often Camel will pull for reply messages using the `receiveTimeout` option. By default its 1000 millis. So to make it faster you can set it to 250 millis to pull 4 times per second as shown:

Notice this will cause the Camel to send pull requests to the message broker more frequent, and thus require more network traffic.
It is generally recommended to use temporary queues if possible.

#### Request-reply over JMS and using an exclusive fixed reply queue

Available as of Camel 2.9

In the previous example, Camel would anticipate the fixed reply queue named "bar" was shared, and thus it uses a `JMSSelector` to only consume reply messages which it expects. However there is a drawback doing this as JMS selectos is slower. Also the consumer on the reply queue is slower to update with new JMS selector ids. In fact it only updates when the `receiveTimeout` option times out, which by default is 1 second. So in theory the reply messages could take up till about 1 sec to be detected. On the other hand if the fixed reply queue is exclusive to the Camel reply consumer, then we can avoid using the JMS selectors, and thus be more performant. In fact as fast as using temporary queues. So in Camel 2.9 onwards we introduced the `ReplyToType` option which you can configure to `Exclusive`
to tell Camel that the reply queue is exclusive as shown in the example below:

Mind that the queue must be exclusive to each and every endpoint. So if you have two routes, then they each need an unique reply queue as shown in the next example:

The same applies if you run in a clustered environment. Then each node in the cluster must use an unique reply queue name. As otherwise each node in the cluster may pickup messages which was intended as a reply on another node. For clustered environments its recommended to use shared reply queues instead.

### Synchronizing clocks between senders and receivers

When doing messaging between systems, its desirable that the systems have synchronized clocks. For example when sending a JMS message, then you can set a time to live value on the message. Then the receiver can inspect this value, and determine if the message is already expired, and thus drop the message instead of consume and process it. However this requires that both sender and receiver have synchronized clocks. If you are using ActiveMQ then you can use the timestamp plugin to synchronize clocks.

### About time to live

Read first above about synchronized clocks.

When you do request/reply (InOut) over JMS with Camel then Camel uses a timeout on the sender side, which is default 20 seconds from the `requestTimeout` option. You can control this by setting a higher/lower value. However the time to live value is still set on the JMS message being send. So that requires the clocks to be synchronized between the systems. If they are not, then you may want to disable the time to live value being set. This is now possible using the `disableTimeToLive` option from Camel 2.8 onwards. So if you set this option to `disableTimeToLive=true`, then Camel does not set any time to live value when sending JMS messages. But the request timeout is still active. So for example if you do request/reply over JMS and have disabled time to live, then Camel will still use a timeout by 20 seconds (the `requestTimeout` option). That option can of course also be configured. So the two options `requestTimeout` and `disableTimeToLive` gives you fine grained control when doing request/reply.

From Camel 2.13/2.12.3 onwards you can provide a header in the message to override and use as the request timeout value instead of the endpoint configured value. For example:

In the route above we have a endpoint configured `requestTimeout` of 30 seconds. So Camel will wait up till 30 seconds for that reply message to come back on the bar queue. If no reply message is received then a `org.apache.camel.ExchangeTimedOutException` is set on the Exchange and Camel continues routing the message, which would then fail due the exception, and Camel's error handler reacts.

If you want to use a per message timeout value, you can set the header with key `org.apache.camel.component.jms.JmsConstants#JMS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT` which has constant value `"CamelJmsRequestTimeout"` with a timeout value as long type.

For example we can use a bean to compute the timeout value per individual message, such as calling the `"whatIsTheTimeout"` method on the service bean as shown below:

When you do fire and forget (InOut) over JMS with Camel then Camel by default does not set any time to live value on the message. You can configure a value by using the `timeToLive` option. For example to indicate a 5 sec., you set `timeToLive=5000`. The option `disableTimeToLive` can be used to force disabling the time to live, also for InOnly messaging. The `requestTimeout` option is not being used for InOnly messaging.

### Enabling Transacted Consumption

A common requirement is to consume from a queue in a transaction and then process the message using the Camel route. To do this, just ensure that you set the following properties on the component/endpoint:

- `transacted` = true
- `transactionManager` = a Transsaction Manager - typically the `JmsTransactionManager`

See the Transactional Client EIP pattern for further details.

Transactions and [Request Reply] over JMS

When using Request Reply over JMS you cannot use a single transaction; JMS will not send any messages until a commit is performed, so the server side won't receive anything at all until the transaction commits. Therefore to use Request Reply you must commit a transaction after sending the request and then use a separate transaction for receiving the response.

To address this issue the JMS component uses different properties to specify transaction use for oneway messaging and request reply messaging:

The `transacted` property applies only to the InOnly message Exchange Pattern (MEP).

The `transactedInOut` property applies to the InOut(Request Reply) message Exchange Pattern (MEP).

If you want to use transactions for Request Reply(InOut MEP), you must set `transactedInOut=true`.

Available as of Camel 2.10

You can leverage the DMLC transacted session API using the following properties on component/endpoint:

- `transacted` = true
- `lazyCreateTransactionManager` = false

The benefit of doing so is that the cacheLevel setting will be honored when using local transactions without a configured TransactionManager. When a TransactionManager is configured, no caching happens at DMLC level and its necessary to rely on a pooled connection factory. For more details about this kind of setup see here and here.

### Using JMSReplyTo for late replies

When using Camel as a JMS listener, it sets an Exchange property with the value of the ReplyTo `javax.jms.Destination` object, having the key `ReplyTo`. You can obtain this `Destination` as follows:

And then later use it to send a reply using regular JMS or Camel.

A different solution to sending a reply is to provide the `replyDestination` object in the same Exchange property when sending. Camel will then pick up this property and use it for the real destination. The endpoint URI must include a dummy destination, however. For example:

### Using a request timeout

In the sample below we send a Request Reply style message Exchange (we use the `requestBody` method = `InOut`) to the slow queue for further processing in Camel and we wait for a return reply:

### Samples

JMS is used in many examples for other components as well. But we provide a few samples below to get started.

#### Receiving from JMS

In the following sample we configure a route that receives JMS messages and routes the message to a POJO:

You can of course use any of the EIP patterns so the route can be context based. For example, here's how to filter an order topic for the big spenders:

#### Sending to a JMS

In the sample below we poll a file folder and send the file content to a JMS topic. As we want the content of the file as a `TextMessage` instead of a `BytesMessage`, we need to convert the body to a `String`:

#### Using Annotations

Camel also has annotations so you can use POJO Consuming and POJO Producing.

#### Spring DSL sample

The preceding examples use the Java DSL. Camel also supports Spring XML DSL. Here is the big spender sample using Spring DSL:

#### Other samples

JMS appears in many of the examples for other components and EIP patterns, as well in this Camel documentation. So feel free to browse the documentation. If you have time, check out the this tutorial that uses JMS but focuses on how well Spring Remoting and Camel works together Tutorial-JmsRemoting.

#### Using JMS as a Dead Letter Queue storing Exchange

Normally, when using JMS as the transport, it only transfers the body and headers as the payload. If you want to use JMS with a Dead Letter Channel, using a JMS queue as the Dead Letter Queue, then normally the caused Exception is not stored in the JMS message. You can, however, use the transferExchange option on the JMS dead letter queue to instruct Camel to store the entire Exchange in the queue as a `javax.jms.ObjectMessage` that holds a `org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultExchangeHolder`. This allows you to consume from the Dead Letter Queue and retrieve the caused exception from the Exchange property with the key `Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT`. The demo below illustrates this:

Then you can consume from the JMS queue and analyze the problem:

#### Using JMS as a Dead Letter Channel storing error only

You can use JMS to store the cause error message or to store a custom body, which you can initialize yourself. The following example uses the Message Translator EIP to do a transformation on the failed exchange before it is moved to the JMS dead letter queue:

Here we only store the original cause error message in the transform. You can, however, use any Expression to send whatever you like. For example, you can invoke a method on a Bean or use a custom processor.

### Sending an InOnly message and keeping the JMSReplyTo header

When sending to a JMS destination using camel-jms the producer will use the MEP to detect if its InOnly or InOut messaging. However there can be times where you want to send an InOnly message but keeping the JMSReplyTo header. To do so you have to instruct Camel to keep it, otherwise the JMSReplyTo header will be dropped.

For example to send an InOnly message to the foo queue, but with a JMSReplyTo with bar queue you can do as follows:

Notice we use `preserveMessageQos=true` to instruct Camel to keep the JMSReplyTo header.

### Setting JMS provider options on the destination

Some JMS providers, like IBM's WebSphere MQ need options to be set on the JMS destination. For example, you may need to specify the targetClient option. Since targetClient is a WebSphere MQ option and not a Camel URI option, you need to set that on the JMS destination name like so:

Some versions of WMQ won't accept this option on the destination name and you will get an exception like:

> com.ibm.msg.client.jms.DetailedJMSException: JMSCC0005: The specified value 'MY_QUEUE?targetClient=1' is not allowed for 'XMSC_DESTINATION_NAME'

A workaround is to use a custom DestinationResolver:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Transactional Client
- Bean Integration
- Tutorial-JmsRemoting
- JMSTemplate gotchas

## JMX Component

Available as of Camel 2.6

### Standard JMX Consumer Configuration

Component allows consumers to subscribe to an mbean's Notifications. The component supports passing the Notification object directly through the Exchange or serializing it to XML according to the schema provided within this project. This is a consumer only component. Exceptions are thrown if you attempt to create a producer for it.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

#### URI Format

The component can connect to the local platform mbean server with the following URI:

A remote mbean server url can be provided following the initial JMX scheme like so:

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?options=value&option2=value&...

#### URI Options

Property | Required | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
format |  | xml | Format for the message body. Either "xml" or "raw". If xml, the notification is serialized to xml. If raw, then the raw java object is set as the body.
user |  |  | Credentials for making a remote connection.
password |  |  | Credentials for making a remote connection.
objectDomain | yes |  | The domain for the mbean you're connecting to.
objectName |  |  | The name key for the mbean you're connecting to. This value is mutually exclusive with the object properties that get passed. (see below)
notificationFilter |  |  | Reference to a bean that implements the `NotificationFilter`. The #ref syntax should be used to reference the bean via the Registry.
handback |  |  | Value to handback to the listener when a notification is received. This value will be put in the message header with the key "jmx.handback"
testConnectionOnStartup |  | true | Camel 2.11 If true, the consumer will throw an exception when unable to establish the JMX connection upon startup. If false, the consumer will attempt to establish the JMX connection every 'x' seconds until the connection is made – where 'x' is the configured reconnectDelay.
reconnectOnConnectionFailure |  | false | Camel 2.11 If true, the consumer will attempt to reconnect to the JMX server when any connection failure occurs. The consumer will attempt to re-establish the JMX connection every 'x' seconds until the connection is made-- where 'x' is the configured reconnectDelay.
reconnectDelay |  | 10 seconds | Camel 2.11 The number of seconds to wait before retrying creation of the initial connection or before reconnecting a lost connection.

#### ObjectName Construction

The URI must always have the objectDomain property. In addition, the URI must contain either objectName or one or more properties that start with "key."

#### Domain with Name property

When the objectName property is provided, the following constructor is used to build the ObjectName? for the mbean:

The key value in the above will be "name" and the value will be the value of the objectName property.

#### Domain with Hashtable

The Hashtable is constructed by extracting properties that start with "key." The properties will have the "key." prefixed stripped prior to building the Hashtable. This allows the URI to contain a variable number of properties to identify the mbean.

#### Example

Full example

### Monitor Type Consumer

Available as of Camel 2.8
One popular use case for JMX is creating a monitor bean to monitor an attribute on a deployed bean. This requires writing a few lines of Java code to create the JMX monitor and deploy it. As shown below:

The 2.8 version introduces a new type of consumer that automatically creates and registers a monitor bean for the specified objectName and attribute. Additional endpoint attributes allow the user to specify the attribute to monitor, type of monitor to create, and any other required properties. The code snippet above is condensed into a set of endpoint properties. The consumer uses these properties to create the CounterMonitor, register it, and then subscribe to its changes. All of the JMX monitor types are supported.

#### Example

The example above will cause a new Monitor Bean to be created and depoyed to the local mbean server that monitors the "MonitorNumber" attribute on the "simpleBean." Additional types of monitor beans and options are detailed below. The newly deployed monitor bean is automatically undeployed when the consumer is stopped.

#### URI Options for Monitor Type

property | type | applies to | description
--- | --- | --- | ---
monitorType | enum | all | one of counter, guage, string
observedAttribute | string | all | the attribute being observed
granualityPeriod | long | all | granularity period (in millis) for the attribute being observed. As per JMX, default is 10 seconds
initThreshold | number | counter | initial threshold value
offset | number | counter | offset value
modulus | number | counter | modulus value
differenceMode | boolean | counter, gauge | true if difference should be reported, false for actual value
notifyHigh | boolean | gauge | high notification on/off switch
notifyLow | boolean | gauge | low notification on/off switch
highThreshold | number | gauge | threshold for reporting high notification
lowThreshold | number | gauge | threshold for reporting low notificaton
notifyDiffer | boolean | string | true to fire notification when string differs
notifyMatch | boolean | string | true to fire notification when string matches
stringToCompare | string | string | string to compare against the attribute value

The monitor style consumer is only supported for the local mbean server. JMX does not currently support remote deployment of mbeans without either having the classes already remotely deployed or an adapter library on both the client and server to facilitate a proxy deployment.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Camel JMX

## JPA Component

The jpa component enables you to store and retrieve Java objects from persistent storage using EJB 3's Java Persistence Architecture (JPA), which is a standard interface layer that wraps Object/Relational Mapping (ORM) products such as OpenJPA, Hibernate, TopLink, and so on.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### Sending to the endpoint

You can store a Java entity bean in a database by sending it to a JPA producer endpoint. The body of the In message is assumed to be an entity bean (that is, a POJO with an @Entity annotation on it) or a collection or array of entity beans.

If the body is a List of entities, make sure to use entityType=java.util.ArrayList as a configuration passed to the producer endpoint.

If the body does not contain one of the previous listed types, put a Message Translator in front of the endpoint to perform the necessary conversion first.

### Consuming from the endpoint

Consuming messages from a JPA consumer endpoint removes (or updates) entity beans in the database. This allows you to use a database table as a logical queue: consumers take messages from the queue and then delete/update them to logically remove them from the queue.

If you do not wish to delete the entity bean when it has been processed (and when routing is done), you can specify `consumeDelete=false` on the URI. This will result in the entity being processed each poll.

If you would rather perform some update on the entity to mark it as processed (such as to exclude it from a future query) then you can annotate a method with @Consumed which will be invoked on your entity bean when the entity bean when it has been processed (and when routing is done).

From Camel 2.13 onwards you can use @PreConsumed which will be invoked on your entity bean before it has been processed (before routing).

### URI format

For sending to the endpoint, the entityClassName is optional. If specified, it helps the Type Converter to ensure the body is of the correct type.

For consuming, the entityClassName is mandatory.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`entityType` | entityClassName | Overrides the entityClassName from the URI.
`persistenceUnit` | `camel` | The JPA persistence unit used by default.
`consumeDelete` | `true` | JPA consumer only: If `true`, the entity is deleted after it is consumed; if `false`, the entity is not deleted.
`consumeLockEntity` | `true` | JPA consumer only: Specifies whether or not to set an exclusive lock on each entity bean while processing the results from polling.
`flushOnSend` | `true` | JPA producer only: Flushes the EntityManager after the entity bean has been persisted.
`maximumResults` | `-1` | JPA consumer only: Set the maximum number of results to retrieve on the Query.
`transactionManager` | `null` | This option is Registry based which requires the `#` notation so that the given `transactionManager` being specified can be looked up properly, e.g. `transactionManager=#myTransactionManager`. It specifies the transaction manager to use. If none provided, Camel will use a `JpaTransactionManager` by default. Can be used to set a JTA transaction manager (for integration with an EJB container).
`consumer.delay` | `500` | JPA consumer only: Delay in milliseconds between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | JPA consumer only: Milliseconds before polling starts.
`consumer.useFixedDelay` | `false` | JPA consumer only: Set to `true` to use fixed delay between polls, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.
`maxMessagesPerPoll` | `0` | JPA consumer only: An integer value to define the maximum number of messages to gather per poll. By default, no maximum is set. Can be used to avoid polling many thousands of messages when starting up the server. Set a value of 0 or negative to disable.
`consumer.query` |  | JPA consumer only: To use a custom query when consuming data.
`consumer.namedQuery` |  | JPA consumer only: To use a named query when consuming data.
`consumer.nativeQuery` |  | JPA consumer only: To use a custom native query when consuming data. You may want to use the option `consumer.resultClass` also when using native queries.
`consumer.parameters` |  | Camel 2.12: JPA consumer only: This option is Registry based which requires the `#` notation. This key/value mapping is used for building the query parameters. It's is expected to be of the generic type `java.util.Map<String, Object>` where the keys are the named parameters of a given JPA query and the values are their corresponding effective values you want to select for.
`consumer.resultClass` |  | Camel 2.7: JPA consumer only: Defines the type of the returned payload (we will call `entityManager.createNativeQuery(nativeQuery, resultClass)` instead of `entityManager.createNativeQuery(nativeQuery)`). Without this option, we will return an object array. Only has an affect when using in conjunction with native query when consuming data.
`consumer.transacted` | `false` | Camel 2.7.5/2.8.3/2.9: JPA consumer only: Whether to run the consumer in transacted mode, by which all messages will either commit or rollback, when the entire batch has been processed. The default behavior (false) is to commit all the previously successfully processed messages, and only rollback the last failed message.
`consumer.lockModeType` | `WRITE` | Camel 2.11.2/2.12: To configure the lock mode on the consumer. The possible values is defined in the enum `javax.persistence.LockModeType`. The default value is changed to `PESSIMISTIC_WRITE` since Camel 2.13.
`consumer.SkipLockedEntity` | `false` | Camel 2.13: To configure whether to use NOWAIT on lock and silently skip the entity.
`usePersist` | `false` | Camel 2.5: JPA producer only: Indicates to use `entityManager.persist(entity)` instead of `entityManager.merge(entity)`. Note: `entityManager.persist(entity)` doesn't work for detached entities (where the EntityManager has to execute an UPDATE instead of an INSERT query)!
`joinTransaction` | `true` | Camel 2.12.3: camel-jpa will join transaction by default from Camel 2.12 onwards. You can use this option to turn this off, for example if you use LOCAL_RESOURCE and join transaction doesn't work with your JPA provider. This option can also be set globally on the `JpaComponent`, instead of having to set it on all endpoints.
usePassedInEntityManager | false | Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1 JPA producer only: If set to true, then Camel will use the EntityManager from the header JpaConstants.ENTITYMANAGER instead of the configured entity manager on the component/endpoint. This allows end users to control which entity manager will be in use.
sharedEntityManager | false | Camel 2.16: whether to use spring's SharedEntityManager for the consumer/producer. A good idea may be to set joinTransaction=false if this option is true, as sharing the entity manager and mixing transactions is not a good idea.

### Message Headers

Camel adds the following message headers to the exchange:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelJpaTemplate` | `JpaTemplate` | Not supported anymore since Camel 2.12: The `JpaTemplate` object that is used to access the entity bean. You need this object in some situations, for instance in a type converter or when you are doing some custom processing. See CAMEL-5932 for the reason why the support for this header has been dropped.
`CamelEntityManager` | `EntityManager` | Camel 2.12: JPA consumer / Camel 2.12.2: JPA producer: The JPA `EntityManager` object being used by `JpaConsumer` or `JpaProducer`.

### Configuring EntityManagerFactory

Its strongly advised to configure the JPA component to use a specific `EntityManagerFactory` instance. If failed to do so each `JpaEndpoint` will auto create their own instance of `EntityManagerFactory` which most often is not what you want.

For example, you can instantiate a JPA component that references the `myEMFactory` entity manager factory, as follows:

In Camel 2.3 the `JpaComponent` will auto lookup the `EntityManagerFactory` from the Registry which means you do not need to configure this on the `JpaComponent` as shown above. You only need to do so if there is ambiguity, in which case Camel will log a WARN.

### Configuring TransactionManager

Since Camel 2.3 the `JpaComponent` will auto lookup the `TransactionManager` from the Registry. If Camel won't find any `TransactionManager` instance registered, it will also look up for the `TransactionTemplate` and try to extract `TransactionManager` from it.

If none `TransactionTemplate` is available in the registry, `JpaEndpoint` will auto create their own instance of `TransactionManager` which most often is not what you want.

If more than single instance of the `TransactionManager` is found, Camel will log a WARN. In such cases you might want to instantiate and explicitly configure a JPA component that references the `myTransactionManager` transaction manager, as follows:

### Using a consumer with a named query

For consuming only selected entities, you can use the `consumer.namedQuery` URI query option. First, you have to define the named query in the JPA Entity class:

After that you can define a consumer uri like this one:

### Using a consumer with a query

For consuming only selected entities, you can use the `consumer.query` URI query option. You only have to define the query option:

### Using a consumer with a native query

For consuming only selected entities, you can use the `consumer.nativeQuery` URI query option. You only have to define the native query option:

If you use the native query option, you will receive an object array in the message body.

### Example

See Tracer Example for an example using JPA to store traced messages into a database.

### Using the JPA based idempotent repository

In this section we will use the JPA based idempotent repository.

First we need to setup a `persistence-unit` in the persistence.xml file:

Second we have to setup a `org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTemplate` which is used by the `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jpa.JpaMessageIdRepository`:
Afterwards we can configure our `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jpa.JpaMessageIdRepository`:
And finally we can create our JPA idempotent repository in the spring XML file as well:

When running this Camel component tests inside your IDE

In case you run the tests of this component directly inside your IDE (and not necessarily through Maven itself) then you could spot exceptions like:

The problem here is that the source has been compiled/recompiled through your IDE and not through Maven itself which would enhance the byte-code at build time. To overcome this you would need to enable dynamic byte-code enhancement of OpenJPA. As an example assuming the current OpenJPA version being used in Camel itself is 2.2.1, then as running the tests inside your favorite IDE you would need to pass the following argument to the JVM:

Then it will all become green again

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Tracer Example

## JT/400 Component

The `jt400` component allows you to exchanges messages with an AS/400 system using data queues.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

To call remote program (Camel 2.7)

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### URI options

For the data queue message exchange:

Name | Default value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`ccsid` | default system CCSID | Specifies the CCSID to use for the connection with the AS/400 system.
`format` | `text` | Specifies the data format for sending messages valid options are: `text` (represented by `String`) and `binary` (represented by `byte[]`)
`consumer.delay` | `500` | Delay in milliseconds between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | Milliseconds before polling starts.
`consumer.userFixedDelay` | `false` | `true` to use fixed delay between polls, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.
`guiAvailable` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Specifies whether AS/400 prompting is enabled in the environment running Camel.
`keyed` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Whether to use keyed or non-keyed data queues.
`searchKey` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Search key for keyed data queues.
`searchType` | `EQ` | Camel 2.10: Search type which can be a value of `EQ`, `NE`, `LT`, `LE`, `GT`, or `GE`.
`connectionPool` | `AS400ConnectionPool` instance | Camel 2.10: Reference to an com.ibm.as400.access.AS400ConnectionPool instance in the Registry. This is used for obtaining connections to the AS/400 system. The look up notation ('#' character) should be used.
`secured` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Whether to use SSL connections to the AS/400

For the remote program call (Camel 2.7)

Name | Default value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`outputFieldsIdx` |  | Specifies which fields (program parameters) are output parameters.
`fieldsLength` |  | Specifies the fields (program parameters) length as in the AS/400 program definition.
`format` | `text` | Camel 2.10: Specifies the data format for sending messages valid options are: `text` (represented by `String`) and `binary` (represented by `byte[]`)
`guiAvailable` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Specifies whether AS/400 prompting is enabled in the environment running Camel.
`connectionPool` | `AS400ConnectionPool` instance | Camel 2.10: Reference to an com.ibm.as400.access.AS400ConnectionPool instance in the Registry. This is used for obtaining connections to the AS/400 system. The look up notation ('#' character) should be used.

### Usage

When configured as a consumer endpoint, the endpoint will poll a data queue on a remote system. For every entry on the data queue, a new `Exchange` is sent with the entry's data in the In message's body, formatted either as a `String` or a `byte[]`, depending on the format. For a provider endpoint, the In message body contents will be put on the data queue as either raw bytes or text.

### Connection pool

Available as of Camel 2.10

Connection pooling is in use from Camel 2.10 onwards. You can explicit configure a connection pool on the Jt400Component, or as an uri option on the endpoint.

#### Remote program call (Camel 2.7)

This endpoint expects the input to be either a String array or byte[] array (depending on format) and handles all the CCSID handling through the native jt400 library mechanisms. A parameter can be omitted by passing null as the value in its position (the remote program has to support it). After the program execution the endpoint returns either a String array or byte[] array with the values as they were returned by the program (the input only parameters will contain the same data as the beginning of the invocation)
This endpoint does not implement a provider endpoint!

### Example

In the snippet below, the data for an exchange sent to the `direct:george` endpoint will be put in the data queue `PENNYLANE` in library `BEATLES` on a system named `LIVERPOOL`.
Another user connects to the same data queue to receive the information from the data queue and forward it to the `mock:ringo` endpoint.

#### Remote program call example (Camel 2.7)

In the snippet below, the data Exchange sent to the direct:work endpoint will contain three string that will be used as the arguments for the program “compute” in the library “assets”. This program will write the output values in the 2nd and 3rd parameters. All the parameters will be sent to the direct:play endpoint.

#### Writing to keyed data queues

#### Reading from keyed data queues

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Language

Available as of Camel 2.5

The language component allows you to send Exchange to an endpoint which executes a script by any of the supported Languages in Camel.
By having a component to execute language scripts, it allows more dynamic routing capabilities. For example by using the Routing Slip or Dynamic Router EIPs you can send messages to `language` endpoints where the script is dynamic defined as well.

This component is provided out of the box in `camel-core` and hence no additional JARs is needed. You only have to include additional Camel components if the language of choice mandates it, such as using Groovy or JavaScript languages.

### URI format

And from Camel 2.11 onwards you can refer to an external resource for the script using same notation as supported by the other Languages in Camel

### URI Options

The component supports the following options.

Name | Default Value | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`languageName` | `null` | `String` | The name of the Language to use, such as `simple`, `groovy`, `javascript` etc. This option is mandatory.
`script` | `null` | `String` | The script to execute.
`transform` | `true` | `boolean` | Whether or not the result of the script should be used as the new message body. By setting to `false` the script is executed but the result of the script is discarded.
`contentCache` | `true` | `boolean` | Camel 2.9: Whether to cache the script if loaded from a resource. Note: from Camel 2.10.3 a cached script can be forced to reload at runtime via JMX using the clearContentCache operation.
`cacheScript` | `false` | `boolean` | Camel 2.13/2.12.2/2.11.3: Whether to cache the compiled script. Turning this option on can gain performance as the script is only compiled/created once, and reuse when processing Camel messages. But this may cause side-effects with data left from previous evaluation spills into the next, and concurrency issues as well. If the script being evaluated is idempotent then this option can be turned on.
`binary` | `false` | `boolean` | Camel 2.14.1: Whether the script is binary content. This is intended to be used for loading resources using the Constant language, such as loading binary files.

### Message Headers

The following message headers can be used to affect the behavior of the component

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelLanguageScript` | The script to execute provided in the header. Takes precedence over script configured on the endpoint.

### Examples

For example you can use the Simple language to Message Translator a message:

In case you want to convert the message body type you can do this as well:
You can also use the Groovy language, such as this example where the input message will by multiplied with 2:
You can also provide the script as a header as shown below. Here we use XPath language to extract the text from the `<foo>` tag.

### Loading scripts from resources

Available as of Camel 2.9

You can specify a resource uri for a script to load in either the endpoint uri, or in the `Exchange.LANGUAGE_SCRIPT` header.
The uri must start with one of the following schemes: file:, classpath:, or http:

For example to load a script from the classpath:

By default the script is loaded once and cached. However you can disable the `contentCache` option and have the script loaded on each evaluation.
For example if the file myscript.txt is changed on disk, then the updated script is used:
From Camel 2.11 onwards you can refer to the resource similar to the other Languages in Camel by prefixing with `"resource:"` as shown below:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Languages
- Routing Slip
- Dynamic Router
- Script

## LDAP Component

The ldap component allows you to perform searches in LDAP servers using filters as the message payload.
This component uses standard JNDI (`javax.naming` package) to access the server.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The ldapServerBean portion of the URI refers to a DirContext bean in the registry. The LDAP component only supports producer endpoints, which means that an `ldap` URI cannot appear in the `from` at the start of a route.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`base` | `ou=system` | The base DN for searches.
`scope` | `subtree` | Specifies how deeply to search the tree of entries, starting at the base DN. Value can be `object`, `onelevel`, or `subtree`.
pageSize | no paging used | Camel 2.6: When specified the ldap module uses paging to retrieve all results (most LDAP Servers throw an exception when trying to retrieve more than 1000 entries in one query). To be able to use this a LdapContext (subclass of DirContext) has to be passed in as ldapServerBean (otherwise an exception is thrown)
returnedAttributes | depends on LDAP Server (could be all or none) | Camel 2.6: Comma-separated list of attributes that should be set in each entry of the result

### Result

The result is returned in the Out body as a `ArrayList<javax.naming.directory.SearchResult>` object.

### DirContext

The URI, `ldap:ldapserver`, references a Spring bean with the ID, `ldapserver`. The `ldapserver` bean may be defined as follows:

The preceding example declares a regular Sun based LDAP `DirContext` that connects anonymously to a locally hosted LDAP server.

`DirContext` objects are not required to support concurrency by contract. It is therefore important that the directory context is declared with the setting, `scope="prototype"`, in the `bean` definition or that the context supports concurrency. In the Spring framework, `prototype` scoped objects are instantiated each time they are looked up.

### Samples

Following on from the Spring configuration above, the code sample below sends an LDAP request to filter search a group for a member. The Common Name is then extracted from the response.

If no specific filter is required - for example, you just need to look up a single entry - specify a wildcard filter expression. For example, if the LDAP entry has a Common Name, use a filter expression like:

#### Binding using credentials

A Camel end user donated this sample code he used to bind to the ldap server using credentials.

### Configuring SSL

All required is to create a custom socket factory and reference it in the InitialDirContext bean - see below sample.

SSL Configuration
Custom Socket Factory

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Log Component

The log: component logs message exchanges to the underlying logging mechanism.

Camel uses sfl4j which allows you to configure logging via, among others:

- Log4j
- Logback
- JDK Util Logging logging

### URI format

Where loggingCategory is the name of the logging category to use. You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

Using Logger instance from the the Registry

As of Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1, if there's single instance of `org.slf4j.Logger` found in the Registry, the loggingCategory is no longer used to create logger instance. The registered instance is used instead. Also it is possible to reference particular `Logger` instance using `?logger=#myLogger` URI parameter. Eventually, if there's no registered and URI `logger` parameter, the logger instance is created using loggingCategory.

For example, a log endpoint typically specifies the logging level using the `level` option, as follows:

The default logger logs every exchange (regular logging). But Camel also ships with the `Throughput` logger, which is used whenever the `groupSize` option is specified.

Also a log in the DSL

There is also a `log` directly in the DSL, but it has a different purpose. Its meant for lightweight and human logs. See more details at LogEIP.

### Options

Option | Default | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`level` | `INFO` | `String` | Logging level to use. Possible values: `ERROR`, `WARN`, `INFO`, `DEBUG`, `TRACE`, `OFF`
`marker` | `null` | `String` | Camel 2.9: An optional Marker name to use.
`groupSize` | `null` | `Integer` | An integer that specifies a group size for throughput logging.
`groupInterval` | `null` | `Integer` | If specified will group message stats by this time interval (in millis)
`groupDelay` | `0` | `Integer` | Set the initial delay for stats (in millis)
`groupActiveOnly` | `true` | `boolean` | If true, will hide stats when no new messages have been received for a time interval, if false, show stats regardless of message traffic
`logger` |  | `Logger` | Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1: An optional reference to org.slf4j.Logger from Registry to use.

note: groupDelay and groupActiveOnly are only applicable when using groupInterval

### Formatting

The log formats the execution of exchanges to log lines.
By default, the log uses `LogFormatter` to format the log output, where `LogFormatter` has the following options:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`showAll` | `false` | Quick option for turning all options on. (multiline, maxChars has to be manually set if to be used)
`showExchangeId` | `false` | Show the unique exchange ID.
`showExchangePattern` | `true` | Shows the Message Exchange Pattern (or MEP for short).
`showProperties` | `false` | Show the exchange properties.
`showHeaders` | `false` | Show the In message headers.
`skipBodyLineSeparator` | `true` | Camel 2.12.2: Whether to skip line separators when logging the message body. This allows to log the message body in one line, setting this option to `false` will preserve any line separators from the body, which then will log the body as is.
`showBodyType` | `true` | Show the In body Java type.
`showBody` | `true` | Show the In body.
`showOut` | `false` | If the exchange has an Out message, show the Out message.
`showException` | `false` | If the exchange has an exception, show the exception message (no stack trace).
`showCaughtException` | `false` | If the exchange has a caught exception, show the exception message (no stack trace). A caught exception is stored as a property on the exchange (using the key `Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT`) and for instance a `doCatch` can catch exceptions. See Try Catch Finally.
`showStackTrace` | `false` | Show the stack trace, if an exchange has an exception. Only effective if one of `showAll`, `showException` or `showCaughtException` are enabled.
`showFiles` | `false` | Camel 2.9: Whether Camel should show file bodies or not (eg such as java.io.File).
`showFuture` | `false` | Whether Camel should show `java.util.concurrent.Future` bodies or not. If enabled Camel could potentially wait until the `Future` task is done. Will by default not wait.
`showStreams` | `false` | Camel 2.8: Whether Camel should show stream bodies or not (eg such as java.io.InputStream). Beware if you enable this option then you may not be able later to access the message body as the stream have already been read by this logger. To remedy this you will have to use Stream Caching.
`multiline` | `false` | If `true`, each piece of information is logged on a new line.
`maxChars` |  | Limits the number of characters logged per line. The default value is `10000` from Camel 2.9 onwards.

Logging stream bodies

For older versions of Camel that do not support the showFiles or showStreams properties above, you can set the following property instead on the CamelContext to log both stream and file bodies:

### Regular logger sample

In the route below we log the incoming orders at `DEBUG` level before the order is processed:

Or using Spring XML to define the route:

### Regular logger with formatter sample

In the route below we log the incoming orders at `INFO` level before the order is processed.

### Throughput logger with groupSize sample

In the route below we log the throughput of the incoming orders at `DEBUG` level grouped by 10 messages.

### Throughput logger with groupInterval sample

This route will result in message stats logged every 10s, with an initial 60s delay and stats should be displayed even if there isn't any message traffic.

The following will be logged:

### Full customization of the logging output

Available as of Camel 2.11

With the options outlined in the #Formatting section, you can control much of the output of the logger. However, log lines will always follow this structure:

This format is unsuitable in some cases, perhaps because you need to...

- ... filter the headers and properties that are printed, to strike a balance between insight and verbosity.
- ... adjust the log message to whatever you deem most readable.
- ... tailor log messages for digestion by log mining systems, e.g. Splunk.
- ... print specific body types differently.
- ... etc.

Whenever you require absolute customization, you can create a class that implements the `ExchangeFormatter` interface. Within the `format(Exchange)` method you have access to the full Exchange, so you can select and extract the precise information you need, format it in a custom manner and return it. The return value will become the final log message.

You can have the Log component pick up your custom `ExchangeFormatter` in either of two ways:

Explicitly instantiating the LogComponent in your Registry:

Convention over configuration:

Simply by registering a bean with the name `logFormatter`; the Log Component is intelligent enough to pick it up automatically.

NOTE: the `ExchangeFormatter` gets applied to all Log endpoints within that Camel Context. If you need different ExchangeFormatters for different endpoints, just instantiate the LogComponent as many times as needed, and use the relevant bean name as the endpoint prefix.

From Camel 2.11.2/2.12 onwards when using a custom log formatter, you can specify parameters in the log uri, which gets configured on the custom log formatter. Though when you do that you should define the "logFormatter" as prototype scoped so its not shared if you have different parameters, eg:

And then we can have Camel routes using the log uri with different options:

#### Using Log component in OSGi

Improvement as of Camel 2.12.4/2.13.1

When using Log component inside OSGi (e.g., in Karaf), the underlying logging mechanisms are provided by PAX logging. It searches for a bundle which invokes `org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger()` method and associates the bundle with the logger instance. Without specifying custom `org.sfl4j.Logger` instance, the logger created by Log component is associated with `camel-core` bundle.

In some scenarios it is required that the bundle associated with logger should be the bundle which contains route definition. To do this, either register single instance of `org.slf4j.Logger` in the Registry or reference it using `logger` URI parameter.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Tracer
- How do I use log4j
- How do I use Java 1.4 logging
- LogEIP for using `log` directly in the DSL for human logs.

## Lucene (Indexer and Search) Component

Available as of Camel 2.2

The lucene component is based on the Apache Lucene project. Apache Lucene is a powerful high-performance, full-featured text search engine library written entirely in Java. For more details about Lucene, please see the following links

- http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/
- http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/features.html

The lucene component in camel facilitates integration and utilization of Lucene endpoints in enterprise integration patterns and scenarios. The lucene component does the following

- builds a searchable index of documents when payloads are sent to the Lucene Endpoint
- facilitates performing of indexed searches in Camel

This component only supports producer endpoints.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Insert Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`analyzer` | `StandardAnalyzer` | An Analyzer builds TokenStreams, which analyze text. It thus represents a policy for extracting index terms from text. The value for analyzer can be any class that extends the abstract class org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer. Lucene also offers a rich set of analyzers out of the box
`indexDir` | `./indexDirectory` | A file system directory in which index files are created upon analysis of the document by the specified analyzer
`srcDir` | `null` | An optional directory containing files to be used to be analyzed and added to the index at producer startup.

### Query Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`analyzer` | `StandardAnalyzer` | An Analyzer builds TokenStreams, which analyze text. It thus represents a policy for extracting index terms from text. The value for analyzer can be any class that extends the abstract class org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer. Lucene also offers a rich set of analyzers out of the box
`indexDir` | `./indexDirectory` | A file system directory in which index files are created upon analysis of the document by the specified analyzer
`maxHits` | `10` | An integer value that limits the result set of the search operation

### Sending/Receiving Messages to/from the cache

#### Message Headers

Header | Description
--- | ---
`QUERY` | The Lucene Query to performed on the index. The query may include wildcards and phrases
RETURN_LUCENE_DOCS | Camel 2.15: Set this header to true to include the actual Lucene documentation when returning hit information.

#### Lucene Producers

This component supports 2 producer endpoints.

- insert - The insert producer builds a searchable index by analyzing the body in incoming exchanges and associating it with a token ("content").
- query - The query producer performs searches on a pre-created index. The query uses the searchable index to perform score & relevance based searches. Queries are sent via the incoming exchange contains a header property name called 'QUERY'. The value of the header property 'QUERY' is a Lucene Query. For more details on how to create Lucene Queries check out http://lucene.apache.org/java/3_0_0/queryparsersyntax.html

#### Lucene Processor

There is a processor called LuceneQueryProcessor available to perform queries against lucene without the need to create a producer.

### Lucene Usage Samples

#### Example 1: Creating a Lucene index

#### Example 2: Loading properties into the JNDI registry in the Camel Context

#### Example 2: Performing searches using a Query Producer

#### Example 3: Performing searches using a Query Processor

## Mail Component

The mail component provides access to Email via Spring's Mail support and the underlying JavaMail system.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

Geronimo mail .jar

We have discovered that the geronimo mail `.jar` (v1.6) has a bug when polling mails with attachments. It cannot correctly identify the `Content-Type`. So, if you attach a `.jpeg` file to a mail and you poll it, the `Content-Type` is resolved as `text/plain` and not as `image/jpeg`. For that reason, we have added an `org.apache.camel.component.ContentTypeResolver` SPI interface which enables you to provide your own implementation and fix this bug by returning the correct Mime type based on the file name. So if the file name ends with `jpeg/jpg`, you can return `image/jpeg`.

You can set your custom resolver on the `MailComponent` instance or on the `MailEndpoint` instance.

POP3 or IMAP

POP3 has some limitations and end users are encouraged to use IMAP if possible.

Using mock-mail for testing

You can use a mock framework for unit testing, which allows you to test without the need for a real mail server. However you should remember to not include the mock-mail when you go into production or other environments where you need to send mails to a real mail server. Just the presence of the mock-javamail.jar on the classpath means that it will kick in and avoid sending the mails.

### URI format

Mail endpoints can have one of the following URI formats (for the protocols, SMTP, POP3, or IMAP, respectively):

The mail component also supports secure variants of these protocols (layered over SSL). You can enable the secure protocols by adding `s` to the scheme:

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

#### Sample endpoints

Typically, you specify a URI with login credentials as follows (taking SMTP as an example):

Alternatively, it is possible to specify both the user name and the password as query options:

For example:

#### Default ports

Default port numbers are supported. If the port number is omitted, Camel determines the port number to use based on the protocol.

Protocol | Default Port Number
--- | ---
`SMTP` | `25`
`SMTPS` | `465`
`POP3` | `110`
`POP3S` | `995`
`IMAP` | `143`
`IMAPS` | `993`

### Options

Property | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`host` |  | The host name or IP address to connect to.
`port` | See #DefaultPorts | The TCP port number to connect on.
`username` |  | The user name on the email server.
`password` | `null` | The password on the email server.
`ignoreUriScheme` | `false` | If `false`, Camel uses the scheme to determine the transport protocol (POP, IMAP, SMTP etc.)
`contentType` | `text/plain` | The mail message content type. Use `text/html` for HTML mails.
`folderName` | `INBOX` | The folder to poll.
`destination` | `username@host` | @deprecated Use the `to` option instead. The `TO` recipients (receivers of the email).
`to` | `username@host` | The TO recipients (the receivers of the mail). Separate multiple email addresses with a comma. Email addresses containing special characters such as "&" will need to be handled differently - see How do I configure password options on Camel endpoints without the value being encoded.
`replyTo` | `alias@host` | As of Camel 2.8.4, 2.9.1+, the Reply-To recipients (the receivers of the response mail). Separate multiple email addresses with a comma.
`CC` | `null` | The CC recipients (the receivers of the mail). Separate multiple email addresses with a comma.
`BCC` | `null` | The BCC recipients (the receivers of the mail). Separate multiple email addresses with a comma.
`from` | `camel@localhost` | The FROM email address.
`subject` |  | As of Camel 2.3, the Subject of the message being sent. Note: Setting the subject in the header takes precedence over this option.
`peek` | `true` | Camel 2.11.3/2.12.2: Consumer only. Will mark the `javax.mail.Message` as peeked before processing the mail message. This applies to `IMAPMessage` messages types only. By using peek the mail will not be eager marked as `SEEN` on the mail server, which allows us to rollback the mail message if there is an error processing in Camel.
`delete` | `false` | Deletes the messages after they have been processed. This is done by setting the `DELETED` flag on the mail message. If `false`, the `SEEN` flag is set instead. As of Camel 2.10 you can override this configuration option by setting a header with the key `delete` to determine if the mail should be deleted or not.
`unseen` | `true` | It is possible to configure a consumer endpoint so that it processes only unseen messages (that is, new messages) or all messages. Note that Camel always skips deleted messages. The default option of `true` will filter to only unseen messages. POP3 does not support the `SEEN` flag, so this option is not supported in POP3; use IMAP instead. Important: This option is not in use if you also use `searchTerm` options. Instead if you want to disable unseen when using `searchTerm`'s then add `searchTerm.unseen=false` as a term.
`copyTo` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Consumer only. After processing a mail message, it can be copied to a mail folder with the given name. You can override this configuration value, with a header with the key `copyTo`, allowing you to copy messages to folder names configured at runtime.
`fetchSize` | `-1` | Sets the maximum number of messages to consume during a poll. This can be used to avoid overloading a mail server, if a mailbox folder contains a lot of messages. Default value of `-1` means no fetch size and all messages will be consumed. Setting the value to 0 is a special corner case, where Camel will not consume any messages at all.
`alternativeBodyHeader` | `CamelMailAlternativeBody` | Specifies the key to an IN message header that contains an alternative email body. For example, if you send emails in `text/html` format and want to provide an alternative mail body for non-HTML email clients, set the alternative mail body with this key as a header.
`debugMode` | `false` | Enable debug mode on the underlying mail framework. The SUN Mail framework logs the debug messages to `System.out` by default.
`connectionTimeout` | `30000` | The connection timeout in milliseconds. Default is 30 seconds.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | Milliseconds before the polling starts.
`consumer.delay` | `60000` | Camel will poll the mailbox only once a minute by default to avoid overloading the mail server.
`consumer.useFixedDelay` | `false` | Set to `true` to use a fixed delay between polls, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.
`disconnect` | `false` | Camel 2.8.3/2.9: Whether the consumer should disconnect after polling. If enabled this forces Camel to connect on each poll.
`closeFolder` | `true` | Camel 2.10.4: Whether the consumer should close the folder after polling. Setting this option to `false` and having `disconnect=false` as well, then the consumer keep the folder open between polls.
`mail.XXX` | `null` | Set any additional java mail properties. For instance if you want to set a special property when using POP3 you can now provide the option directly in the URI such as: `mail.pop3.forgettopheaders=true`. You can set multiple such options, for example: `mail.pop3.forgettopheaders=true&mail.mime.encodefilename=true`.
`mapMailMessage` | `true` | Camel 2.8: Specifies whether Camel should map the received mail message to Camel body/headers. If set to true, the body of the mail message is mapped to the body of the Camel IN message and the mail headers are mapped to IN headers. If this option is set to false then the IN message contains a raw `javax.mail.Message`. You can retrieve this raw message by calling `exchange.getIn().getBody(javax.mail.Message.class)`.
`maxMessagesPerPoll` | `0` | Specifies the maximum number of messages to gather per poll. By default, no maximum is set. Can be used to set a limit of e.g. 1000 to avoid downloading thousands of files when the server starts up. Set a value of 0 or negative to disable this option.
`javaMailSender` | `null` | Specifies a pluggable org.apache.camel.component.mail.JavaMailSender instance in order to use a custom email implementation.
`ignoreUnsupportedCharset` | `false` | Option to let Camel ignore unsupported charset in the local JVM when sending mails. If the charset is unsupported then `charset=XXX` (where `XXX` represents the unsupported charset) is removed from the `content-type` and it relies on the platform default instead.
`sslContextParameters` | `null` | Camel 2.10: Reference to a `org.apache.camel.util.jsse.SSLContextParameters` in the Registry. This reference overrides any configured SSLContextParameters at the component level. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility.
`searchTerm` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Refers to a `javax.mail.search.SearchTerm` which allows to filter mails based on search criteria such as subject, body, from, sent after a certain date etc. See further below for examples.
`searchTerm.xxx` | `null` | Camel 2.11: To configure search terms directly from the endpoint uri, which supports a limited number of terms defined by the `org.apache.camel.component.mail.SimpleSearchTerm` class. See further below for examples.
`sortTerm` | `null` | Camel 2.15: To configure the sortTerms that IMAP supports to sort the searched mails. You may need to define an array of `com.sun.mail.imap.sortTerm` in the registry first and #name to reference it in this URI option. Camel 2.16: You can also specify a comma separated list of sort terms on the URI that Camel will convert internally. For example, to sort descending by date you would use `sortTerm=reverse,date`. You can use any of the sort terms defined in com.sun.mail.imap.SortTerm.
`postProcessAction` | `null` | Camel 2.15: Refers to a`org.apache.camel.component.mail.``MailBoxPostProcessAction` for doing post processing tasks on the mailbox once the normal processing ended.
`skipFailedMessage` | `false` | Camel 2.15.1: If the mail consumer cannot retrieve a given mail message, then this option allows to skip the message and move on to retrieve the next mail message. The default behavior would be the consumer throws an exception and no mails from the batch would be able to be routed by Camel.
`handleFailedMessage` | `false` | Camel 2.15.1: If the mail consumer cannot retrieve a given mail message, then this option allows to handle the caused exception by the consumer's error handler. By enable the bridge error handler on the consumer, then the Camel routing error handler can handle the exception instead. The default behavior would be the consumer throws an exception and no mails from the batch would be able to be routed by Camel.

### SSL support

The underlying mail framework is responsible for providing SSL support. You may either configure SSL/TLS support by completely specifying the necessary Java Mail API configuration options, or you may provide a configured SSLContextParameters through the component or endpoint configuration.

#### Using the JSSE Configuration Utility

As of Camel 2.10, the mail component supports SSL/TLS configuration through the Camel JSSE Configuration Utility. This utility greatly decreases the amount of component specific code you need to write and is configurable at the endpoint and component levels. The following examples demonstrate how to use the utility with the mail component.

##### Programmatic configuration of the endpoint

##### Spring DSL based configuration of endpoint

#### Configuring JavaMail Directly

Camel uses SUN JavaMail, which only trusts certificates issued by well known Certificate Authorities (the default JVM trust configuration). If you issue your own certificates, you have to import the CA certificates into the JVM's Java trust/key store files, override the default JVM trust/key store files (see `SSLNOTES.txt` in JavaMail for details).

### Mail Message Content

Camel uses the message exchange's IN body as the MimeMessage text content. The body is converted to `String.class`.

Camel copies all of the exchange's IN headers to the MimeMessage headers.

The subject of the MimeMessage can be configured using a header property on the IN message. The code below demonstrates this:

The same applies for other MimeMessage headers such as recipients, so you can use a header property as `To`:

Since Camel 2.11 When using the MailProducer the send the mail to server, you should be able to get the message id of the MimeMessage with the key `CamelMailMessageId` from the Camel message header.

### Headers take precedence over pre-configured recipients

The recipients specified in the message headers always take precedence over recipients pre-configured in the endpoint URI. The idea is that if you provide any recipients in the message headers, that is what you get. The recipients pre-configured in the endpoint URI are treated as a fallback.

In the sample code below, the email message is sent to `davsclaus@apache.org`, because it takes precedence over the pre-configured recipient, `info@mycompany.com`. Any `CC` and `BCC` settings in the endpoint URI are also ignored and those recipients will not receive any mail. The choice between headers and pre-configured settings is all or nothing: the mail component either takes the recipients exclusively from the headers or exclusively from the pre-configured settings. It is not possible to mix and match headers and pre-configured settings.

### Multiple recipients for easier configuration

It is possible to set multiple recipients using a comma-separated or a semicolon-separated list. This applies both to header settings and to settings in an endpoint URI. For example:

The preceding example uses a semicolon, `;`, as the separator character.

### Setting sender name and email

You can specify recipients in the format, `name <email>`, to include both the name and the email address of the recipient.

For example, you define the following headers on the a Message:

### SUN JavaMail

SUN JavaMail is used under the hood for consuming and producing mails.
We encourage end-users to consult these references when using either POP3 or IMAP protocol. Note particularly that POP3 has a much more limited set of features than IMAP.

- SUN POP3 API
- SUN IMAP API
- And generally about the MAIL Flags

### Samples

We start with a simple route that sends the messages received from a JMS queue as emails. The email account is the `admin` account on `mymailserver.com`.

In the next sample, we poll a mailbox for new emails once every minute. Notice that we use the special `consumer` option for setting the poll interval, `consumer.delay`, as 60000 milliseconds = 60 seconds.

In this sample we want to send a mail to multiple recipients:

### Sending mail with attachment sample

Attachments are not support by all Camel components

The Attachments API is based on the Java Activation Framework and is generally only used by the Mail API. Since many of the other Camel components do not support attachments, the attachments could potentially be lost as they propagate along the route. The rule of thumb, therefore, is to add attachments just before sending a message to the mail endpoint.

The mail component supports attachments. In the sample below, we send a mail message containing a plain text message with a logo file attachment.

### SSL sample

In this sample, we want to poll our Google mail inbox for mails. To download mail onto a local mail client, Google mail requires you to enable and configure SSL. This is done by logging into your Google mail account and changing your settings to allow IMAP access. Google have extensive documentation on how to do this.

The preceding route polls the Google mail inbox for new mails once every minute and logs the received messages to the `newmail` logger category.
Running the sample with `DEBUG` logging enabled, we can monitor the progress in the logs:

### Consuming mails with attachment sample

In this sample we poll a mailbox and store all attachments from the mails as files. First, we define a route to poll the mailbox. As this sample is based on google mail, it uses the same route as shown in the SSL sample:

Instead of logging the mail we use a processor where we can process the mail from java code:

As you can see the API to handle attachments is a bit clunky but it's there so you can get the `javax.activation.DataHandler` so you can handle the attachments using standard API.

### How to split a mail message with attachments

In this example we consume mail messages which may have a number of attachments. What we want to do is to use the Splitter EIP per individual attachment, to process the attachments separately. For example if the mail message has 5 attachments, we want the Splitter to process five messages, each having a single attachment. To do this we need to provide a custom Expression to the Splitter where we provide a List<Message> that contains the five messages with the single attachment.

The code is provided out of the box in Camel 2.10 onwards in the `camel-mail` component. The code is in the class: `org.apache.camel.component.mail.SplitAttachmentsExpression`, which you can find the source code here

In the Camel route you then need to use this Expression in the route as shown below:

If you use XML DSL then you need to declare a method call expression in the Splitter as shown below

From Camel 2.16 onwards you can also split the attachments as byte[] to be stored as the message body. This is done by creating the expression with boolean true

And then use the expression with the splitter eip.

### Using custom SearchTerm

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can configure a `searchTerm` on the `MailEndpoint` which allows you to filter out unwanted mails.

For example to filter mails to contain Camel in either Subject or Text you can do as follows:

Notice we use the `"searchTerm.subjectOrBody"` as parameter key to indicate that we want to search on mail subject or body, to contain the word "Camel".
The class `org.apache.camel.component.mail.SimpleSearchTerm` has a number of options you can configure:

Or to get the new unseen emails going 24 hours back in time you can do. Notice the "now-24h" syntax. See the table below for more details.

You can have multiple searchTerm in the endpoint uri configuration. They would then be combined together using AND operator, eg so both conditions must match. For example to get the last unseen emails going back 24 hours which has Camel in the mail subject you can do:

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
unseen | `true` | Whether to limit by unseen mails only.
subjectOrBody | `null` | To limit by subject or body to contain the word.
subject | `null` | The subject must contain the word.
body | `null` | The body must contain the word.
from | `null` | The mail must be from a given email pattern.
to | `null` | The mail must be to a given email pattern.
fromSentDate | `null` | The mail must be sent after or equals (GE) a given date. The date pattern is `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:SS`, eg use `"2012-01-01 00:00:00"` to be from the year 2012 onwards. You can use `"now"` for current timestamp. The "now" syntax supports an optional offset, that can be specified as either + or - with a numeric value. For example for last 24 hours, you can use `"now - 24h"` or without spaces `"now-24h"`. Notice that Camel supports shorthands for hours, minutes, and seconds.
toSentDate | `null` | The mail must be sent before or equals (BE) a given date. The date pattern is `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:SS`, eg use `"2012-01-01 00:00:00"` to be before the year 2012. You can use `"now"` for current timestamp. The "now" syntax supports an optional offset, that can be specified as either + or - with a numeric value. For example for last 24 hours, you can use `"now - 24h"` or without spaces `"now-24h"`. Notice that Camel supports shorthands for hours, minutes, and seconds.

The `SimpleSearchTerm` is designed to be easily configurable from a POJO, so you can also configure it using a <bean> style in XML

You can then refer to this bean, using #beanId in your Camel route as shown:

In Java there is a builder class to build compound `SearchTerm}}s using the {{org.apache.camel.component.mail.SearchTermBuilder` class.
This allows you to build complex terms such as:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## MINA Component

Deprecated

Deprecated

This component is deprecated as the Apache Mina 1.x project is EOL. Instead use MINA2 or Netty instead.

The mina: component is a transport for working with Apache MINA

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

You can specify a codec in the Registry using the codec option. If you are using TCP and no codec is specified then the `textline` flag is used to determine if text line based codec or object serialization should be used instead. By default the object serialization is used.

For UDP if no codec is specified the default uses a basic `ByteBuffer` based codec.

The VM protocol is used as a direct forwarding mechanism in the same JVM. See the MINA VM-Pipe API documentation for details.

A Mina producer has a default timeout value of 30 seconds, while it waits for a response from the remote server.

In normal use, `camel-mina` only supports marshalling the body content—message headers and exchange properties are not sent.
However, the option, transferExchange, does allow you to transfer the exchange itself over the wire. See options below.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`codec` | `null` | You can refer to a named `ProtocolCodecFactory` instance in your Registry such as your Spring `ApplicationContext`, which is then used for the marshalling.
`codec` | `null` | You must use the `#` notation to look up your codec in the Registry. For example, use `#myCodec` to look up a bean with the `id` value, `myCodec`.
`disconnect` | `false` | Camel 2.3: Whether or not to disconnect(close) from Mina session right after use. Can be used for both consumer and producer.
`textline` | `false` | Only used for TCP. If no codec is specified, you can use this flag to indicate a text line based codec; if not specified or the value is `false`, then Object Serialization is assumed over TCP.
`textlineDelimiter` | `DEFAULT` | Only used for TCP and if textline=true. Sets the text line delimiter to use. Possible values are: `DEFAULT`, `AUTO`, `WINDOWS`, `UNIX` or `MAC`. If none provided, Camel will use `DEFAULT`. This delimiter is used to mark the end of text.
`sync` | `true` | Setting to set endpoint as one-way or request-response.
`lazySessionCreation` | `true` | Sessions can be lazily created to avoid exceptions, if the remote server is not up and running when the Camel producer is started.
`timeout` | `30000` | You can configure the timeout that specifies how long to wait for a response from a remote server. The timeout unit is in milliseconds, so 60000 is 60 seconds. The timeout is only used for Mina producer.
`encoding` | JVM Default | You can configure the encoding (a charset name) to use for the TCP textline codec and the UDP protocol. If not provided, Camel will use the JVM default Charset.
`transferExchange` | `false` | Only used for TCP. You can transfer the exchange over the wire instead of just the body. The following fields are transferred: In body, Out body, fault body, In headers, Out headers, fault headers, exchange properties, exchange exception. This requires that the objects are serializable. Camel will exclude any non-serializable objects and log it at `WARN` level.
`minaLogger` | `false` | You can enable the Apache MINA logging filter. Apache MINA uses `slf4j` logging at `INFO` level to log all input and output.
`filters` | `null` | You can set a list of Mina IoFilters to register. The `filters` value must be one of the following: Camel 2.2: comma-separated list of bean references (e.g. `#filterBean1,#filterBean2`) where each bean must be of type `org.apache.mina.common.IoFilter`. before Camel 2.2: a reference to a bean of type `List<org.apache.mina.common.IoFilter>`.
`encoderMaxLineLength` | `-1` | As of 2.1, you can set the textline protocol encoder max line length. By default the default value of Mina itself is used which are `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.
`decoderMaxLineLength` | `-1` | As of 2.1, you can set the textline protocol decoder max line length. By default the default value of Mina itself is used which are 1024.
`producerPoolSize` | 16 | The TCP producer is thread safe and supports concurrency much better. This option allows you to configure the number of threads in its thread pool for concurrent producers. Note: Camel has a pooled service which ensured it was already thread safe and supported concurrency already.
`allowDefaultCodec` | `true` | The mina component installs a default codec if both, `codec` is `null` and `textline` is `false`. Setting `allowDefaultCodec` to `false` prevents the mina component from installing a default codec as the first element in the filter chain. This is useful in scenarios where another filter must be the first in the filter chain, like the SSL filter.
`disconnectOnNoReply` | `true` | Camel 2.3: If sync is enabled then this option dictates MinaConsumer if it should disconnect where there is no reply to send back.
`noReplyLogLevel` | `WARN` | Camel 2.3: If sync is enabled this option dictates MinaConsumer which logging level to use when logging a there is no reply to send back. Values are: `FATAL, ERROR, INFO, DEBUG, OFF`.
`clientMode` | `false` | Camel 2.15: Consumer only. If the `clientMode` is true, mina consumer will connect the address as a TCP client.

### Using a custom codec

See the Mina documentation how to write your own codec. To use your custom codec with `camel-mina`, you should register your codec in the Registry; for example, by creating a bean in the Spring XML file. Then use the `codec` option to specify the bean ID of your codec. See HL7 that has a custom codec.

### Sample with sync=false

In this sample, Camel exposes a service that listens for TCP connections on port 6200. We use the textline codec. In our route, we create a Mina consumer endpoint that listens on port 6200:

As the sample is part of a unit test, we test it by sending some data to it on port 6200.

### Sample with sync=true

In the next sample, we have a more common use case where we expose a TCP service on port 6201 also use the textline codec. However, this time we want to return a response, so we set the `sync` option to `true` on the consumer.

Then we test the sample by sending some data and retrieving the response using the `template.requestBody()` method. As we know the response is a `String`, we cast it to `String` and can assert that the response is, in fact, something we have dynamically set in our processor code logic.

### Sample with Spring DSL

Spring DSL can, of course, also be used for MINA. In the sample below we expose a TCP server on port 5555:

In the route above, we expose a TCP server on port 5555 using the textline codec. We let the Spring bean with ID, `myTCPOrderHandler`, handle the request and return a reply. For instance, the handler bean could be implemented as follows:

### Configuring Mina endpoints using Spring bean style

Configuration of Mina endpoints is possible using regular Spring bean style configuration in the Spring DSL.

However, in the underlying Apache Mina toolkit, it is relatively difficult to set up the acceptor and the connector, because you can not use simple setters. To resolve this difficulty, we leverage the `MinaComponent` as a Spring factory bean to configure this for us. If you really need to configure this yourself, there are setters on the `MinaEndpoint` to set these when needed.

The sample below shows the factory approach:

And then we can refer to our endpoint directly in the route, as follows:

### Closing Session When Complete

When acting as a server you sometimes want to close the session when, for example, a client conversion is finished. To instruct Camel to close the session, you should add a header with the key `CamelMinaCloseSessionWhenComplete` set to a boolean `true` value.

For instance, the example below will close the session after it has written the `bye` message back to the client:

### Get the IoSession for message

Available since Camel 2.1
You can get the IoSession from the message header with this key MinaEndpoint.HEADER_MINA_IOSESSION, and also get the local host address with the key MinaEndpoint.HEADER_LOCAL_ADDRESS and remote host address with the key MinaEndpoint.HEADER_REMOTE_ADDRESS.

### Configuring Mina filters

Filters permit you to use some Mina Filters, such as `SslFilter`. You can also implement some customized filters. Please note that `codec` and `logger` are also implemented as Mina filters of type, `IoFilter`. Any filters you may define are appended to the end of the filter chain; that is, after `codec` and `logger`.

If using the `SslFilter` you need to add the `mina-filter-ssl` JAR to the classpath.

For instance, the example below will send a keep-alive message after 10 seconds of inactivity:

As Camel Mina may use a request-reply scheme, the endpoint as a client would like to drop some message, such as greeting when the connection is established. For example, when you connect to an FTP server, you will get a `220` message with a greeting (`220 Welcome to Pure-FTPd`). If you don't drop the message, your request-reply scheme will be broken.

Then, you can configure your endpoint using Spring DSL:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- MINA2
- Netty

## Mock Component

Testing of distributed and asynchronous processing is notoriously difficult. The Mock, Test and DataSet endpoints work great with the Camel Testing Framework to simplify your unit and integration testing using Enterprise Integration Patterns and Camel's large range of Components together with the powerful Bean Integration.

The Mock component provides a powerful declarative testing mechanism, which is similar to jMock in that it allows declarative expectations to be created on any Mock endpoint before a test begins. Then the test is run, which typically fires messages to one or more endpoints, and finally the expectations can be asserted in a test case to ensure the system worked as expected.

This allows you to test various things like:

- The correct number of messages are received on each endpoint,
- The correct payloads are received, in the right order,
- Messages arrive on an endpoint in order, using some Expression to create an order testing function,
- Messages arrive match some kind of Predicate such as that specific headers have certain values, or that parts of the messages match some predicate, such as by evaluating an XPath or XQuery Expression.

Note that there is also the Test endpoint which is a Mock endpoint, but which uses a second endpoint to provide the list of expected message bodies and automatically sets up the Mock endpoint assertions. In other words, it's a Mock endpoint that automatically sets up its assertions from some sample messages in a File or database, for example.

Mock endpoints keep received Exchanges in memory indefinitely

Remember that Mock is designed for testing. When you add Mock endpoints to a route, each Exchange sent to the endpoint will be stored (to allow for later validation) in memory until explicitly reset or the JVM is restarted. If you are sending high volume and/or large messages, this may cause excessive memory use. If your goal is to test deployable routes inline, consider using NotifyBuilder or AdviceWith in your tests instead of adding Mock endpoints to routes directly.

From Camel 2.10 onwards there are two new options `retainFirst`, and `retainLast` that can be used to limit the number of messages the Mock endpoints keep in memory.

### URI format

Where someName can be any string that uniquely identifies the endpoint.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`reportGroup` | `null` | A size to use a throughput logger for reporting
`retainFirst` |  | Camel 2.10: To only keep first X number of messages in memory.
`retainLast` |  | Camel 2.10: To only keep last X number of messages in memory.

### Simple Example

Here's a simple example of Mock endpoint in use. First, the endpoint is resolved on the context. Then we set an expectation, and then, after the test has run, we assert that our expectations have been met.

You typically always call the assertIsSatisfied() method to test that the expectations were met after running a test.

Camel will by default wait 10 seconds when the `assertIsSatisfied()` is invoked. This can be configured by setting the `setResultWaitTime(millis)` method.

#### Using assertPeriod

Available as of Camel 2.7
When the assertion is satisfied then Camel will stop waiting and continue from the `assertIsSatisfied` method. That means if a new message arrives on the mock endpoint, just a bit later, that arrival will not affect the outcome of the assertion. Suppose you do want to test that no new messages arrives after a period thereafter, then you can do that by setting the `setAssertPeriod` method, for example:

### Setting expectations

You can see from the javadoc of MockEndpoint the various helper methods you can use to set expectations. The main methods are as follows:

Method | Description
--- | ---
expectedMessageCount(int) | To define the expected message count on the endpoint.
expectedMinimumMessageCount(int) | To define the minimum number of expected messages on the endpoint.
expectedBodiesReceived(...) | To define the expected bodies that should be received (in order).
expectedHeaderReceived(...) | To define the expected header that should be received
expectsAscending(Expression) | To add an expectation that messages are received in order, using the given Expression to compare messages.
expectsDescending(Expression) | To add an expectation that messages are received in order, using the given Expression to compare messages.
expectsNoDuplicates(Expression) | To add an expectation that no duplicate messages are received; using an Expression to calculate a unique identifier for each message. This could be something like the `JMSMessageID` if using JMS, or some unique reference number within the message.

Here's another example:

#### Adding expectations to specific messages

In addition, you can use the message(int messageIndex) method to add assertions about a specific message that is received.

For example, to add expectations of the headers or body of the first message (using zero-based indexing like `java.util.List`), you can use the following code:

There are some examples of the Mock endpoint in use in the camel-core processor tests.

### Mocking existing endpoints

Available as of Camel 2.7

Camel now allows you to automatically mock existing endpoints in your Camel routes.

How it works

Important: The endpoints are still in action. What happens differently is that a Mock endpoint is injected and receives the message first and then delegates the message to the target endpoint. You can view this as a kind of intercept and delegate or endpoint listener.

Suppose you have the given route below:

Route

You can then use the `adviceWith` feature in Camel to mock all the endpoints in a given route from your unit test, as shown below:

adviceWith mocking all endpoints

Notice that the mock endpoints is given the uri `mock:<endpoint>`, for example `mock:direct:foo`. Camel logs at `INFO` level the endpoints being mocked:

Mocked endpoints are without parameters

Endpoints which are mocked will have their parameters stripped off. For example the endpoint "log:foo?showAll=true" will be mocked to the following endpoint "mock:log:foo". Notice the parameters have been removed.

Its also possible to only mock certain endpoints using a pattern. For example to mock all `log` endpoints you do as shown:

adviceWith mocking only log endpoints using a pattern

The pattern supported can be a wildcard or a regular expression. See more details about this at Intercept as its the same matching function used by Camel.

Mind that mocking endpoints causes the messages to be copied when they arrive on the mock.
That means Camel will use more memory. This may not be suitable when you send in a lot of messages.

#### Mocking existing endpoints using the `camel-test` component

Instead of using the `adviceWith` to instruct Camel to mock endpoints, you can easily enable this behavior when using the `camel-test` Test Kit.
The same route can be tested as follows. Notice that we return `"*"` from the `isMockEndpoints` method, which tells Camel to mock all endpoints.
If you only want to mock all `log` endpoints you can return `"log*"` instead.

isMockEndpoints using camel-test kit

#### Mocking existing endpoints with XML DSL

If you do not use the `camel-test` component for unit testing (as shown above) you can use a different approach when using XML files for routes.
The solution is to create a new XML file used by the unit test and then include the intended XML file which has the route you want to test.

Suppose we have the route in the `camel-route.xml` file:

camel-route.xml

Then we create a new XML file as follows, where we include the `camel-route.xml` file and define a spring bean with the class `org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy` which tells Camel to mock all endpoints:

test-camel-route.xml

Then in your unit test you load the new XML file (`test-camel-route.xml`) instead of `camel-route.xml`.

To only mock all Log endpoints you can define the pattern in the constructor for the bean:

#### Mocking endpoints and skip sending to original endpoint

Available as of Camel 2.10

Sometimes you want to easily mock and skip sending to a certain endpoints. So the message is detoured and send to the mock endpoint only. From Camel 2.10 onwards you can now use the `mockEndpointsAndSkip` method using AdviceWith or the Test Kit. The example below will skip sending to the two endpoints `"direct:foo"`, and `"direct:bar"`.

adviceWith mock and skip sending to endpoints

The same example using the Test Kit

isMockEndpointsAndSkip using camel-test kit

### Limiting the number of messages to keep

Available as of Camel 2.10

The Mock endpoints will by default keep a copy of every Exchange that it received. So if you test with a lot of messages, then it will consume memory.
From Camel 2.10 onwards we have introduced two options `retainFirst` and `retainLast` that can be used to specify to only keep N'th of the first and/or last Exchanges.

For example in the code below, we only want to retain a copy of the first 5 and last 5 Exchanges the mock receives.

Using this has some limitations. The `getExchanges()` and `getReceivedExchanges()` methods on the `MockEndpoint` will return only the retained copies of the Exchanges. So in the example above, the list will contain 10 Exchanges; the first five, and the last five.
The `retainFirst` and `retainLast` options also have limitations on which expectation methods you can use. For example the expectedXXX methods that work on message bodies, headers, etc. will only operate on the retained messages. In the example above they can test only the expectations on the 10 retained messages.

### Testing with arrival times

Available as of Camel 2.7

The Mock endpoint stores the arrival time of the message as a property on the Exchange.

You can use this information to know when the message arrived on the mock. But it also provides foundation to know the time interval between the previous and next message arrived on the mock. You can use this to set expectations using the `arrives` DSL on the Mock endpoint.

For example to say that the first message should arrive between 0-2 seconds before the next you can do:

You can also define this as that 2nd message (0 index based) should arrive no later than 0-2 seconds after the previous:

You can also use between to set a lower bound. For example suppose that it should be between 1-4 seconds:

You can also set the expectation on all messages, for example to say that the gap between them should be at most 1 second:

time units

In the example above we use `seconds` as the time unit, but Camel offers `milliseconds`, and `minutes` as well.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Spring Testing
- Testing

## MSV Component

The MSV component performs XML validation of the message body using the MSV Library and any of the supported XML schema languages, such as XML Schema or RelaxNG XML Syntax.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

Note that the Jing component also supports RelaxNG Compact Syntax

### URI format

Where someLocalOrRemoteResource is some URL to a local resource on the classpath or a full URL to a remote resource or resource on the file system. For example

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`useDom` | `true` | Whether DOMSource/DOMResult or SaxSource/SaxResult should be used by the validator. Note: DOM must be used by the MSV component.

### Example

The following example shows how to configure a route from endpoint direct:start which then goes to one of two endpoints, either mock:valid or mock:invalid based on whether or not the XML matches the given RelaxNG XML Schema (which is supplied on the classpath).

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## MyBatis

Available as of Camel 2.7

The mybatis: component allows you to query, poll, insert, update and delete data in a relational database using MyBatis.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where statementName is the statement name in the MyBatis XML mapping file which maps to the query, insert, update or delete operation you wish to evaluate.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

This component will by default load the MyBatis SqlMapConfig file from the root of the classpath with the expected name of `SqlMapConfig.xml`.
If the file is located in another location, you will need to configure the `configurationUri` option on the `MyBatisComponent` component.

### Options

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`consumer.onConsume` | `String` | `null` | Statements to run after consuming. Can be used, for example, to update rows after they have been consumed and processed in Camel. See sample later. Multiple statements can be separated with commas.
`consumer.useIterator` | `boolean` | `true` | If `true` each row returned when polling will be processed individually. If `false` the entire `List` of data is set as the IN body.
`consumer.routeEmptyResultSet` | `boolean` | `false` | Sets whether empty result sets should be routed.
`statementType` | `StatementType` | `null` | Mandatory to specify for the producer to control which kind of operation to invoke. The enum values are: `SelectOne`, `SelectList`, `Insert`, `InsertList`, `Update`, `UpdateList`, `Delete`, and `DeleteList`. Notice: `InsertList` is available as of Camel 2.10, and `UpdateList`, `DeleteList` is available as of Camel 2.11.
`maxMessagesPerPoll` | `int` | `0` | This option is intended to split results returned by the database pool into the batches and deliver them in multiple exchanges. This integer defines the maximum messages to deliver in single exchange. By default, no maximum is set. Can be used to set a limit of e.g. 1000 to avoid when starting up the server that there are thousands of files. Set a value of 0 or negative to disable it.
`executorType` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.11: The executor type to be used while executing statements. The supported values are: simple, reuse, batch. By default, the value is not specified and is equal to what MyBatis uses, i.e. simple. simple executor does nothing special. reuse executor reuses prepared statements. batch executor reuses statements and batches updates.
`outputHeader` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.15: To store the result as a header instead of the message body. This allows to preserve the existing message body as-is.
`inputHeader` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.15: "inputHeader" parameter to use a header value as input to the component instead of the body.

### Message Headers

Camel will populate the result message, either IN or OUT with a header with the statement used:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelMyBatisStatementName` | `String` | The statementName used (for example: insertAccount).
`CamelMyBatisResult` | `Object` | The response returned from MtBatis in any of the operations. For instance an `INSERT` could return the auto-generated key, or number of rows etc.

### Message Body

The response from MyBatis will only be set as the body if it's a `SELECT` statement. That means, for example, for `INSERT` statements Camel will not replace the body. This allows you to continue routing and keep the original body. The response from MyBatis is always stored in the header with the key `CamelMyBatisResult`.

### Samples

For example if you wish to consume beans from a JMS queue and insert them into a database you could do the following:

Notice we have to specify the `statementType`, as we need to instruct Camel which kind of operation to invoke.

Where insertAccount is the MyBatis ID in the SQL mapping file:

### Using StatementType for better control of MyBatis

When routing to an MyBatis endpoint you will want more fine grained control so you can control whether the SQL statement to be executed is a `SELECT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE` or `INSERT` etc. So for instance if we want to route to an MyBatis endpoint in which the IN body contains parameters to a `SELECT` statement we can do:

In the code above we can invoke the MyBatis statement `selectAccountById` and the IN body should contain the account id we want to retrieve, such as an `Integer` type.

We can do the same for some of the other operations, such as `SelectList`:

And the same for `UPDATE`, where we can send an `Account` object as the IN body to MyBatis:

#### Using InsertList StatementType

Available as of Camel 2.10

MyBatis allows you to insert multiple rows using its for-each batch driver. To use this, you need to use the <foreach> in the mapper XML file. For example as shown below:

Then you can insert multiple rows, by sending a Camel message to the `mybatis` endpoint which uses the `InsertList` statement type, as shown below:

#### Using UpdateList StatementType

Available as of Camel 2.11

MyBatis allows you to update multiple rows using its for-each batch driver. To use this, you need to use the <foreach> in the mapper XML file. For example as shown below:

Then you can update multiple rows, by sending a Camel message to the mybatis endpoint which uses the UpdateList statement type, as shown below:

#### Using DeleteList StatementType

Available as of Camel 2.11

MyBatis allows you to delete multiple rows using its for-each batch driver. To use this, you need to use the <foreach> in the mapper XML file. For example as shown below:

Then you can delete multiple rows, by sending a Camel message to the mybatis endpoint which uses the DeleteList statement type, as shown below:

#### Notice on InsertList, UpdateList and DeleteList StatementTypes

Parameter of any type (List, Map, etc.) can be passed to mybatis and an end user is responsible for handling it as required
with the help of mybatis dynamic queries capabilities.

#### Scheduled polling example

This component supports scheduled polling and can therefore be used as a Polling Consumer. For example to poll the database every minute:

See "ScheduledPollConsumer Options" on Polling Consumer for more options.

Alternatively you can use another mechanism for triggering the scheduled polls, such as the Timer or Quartz components. In the sample below we poll the database, every 30 seconds using the Timer component and send the data to the JMS queue:

And the MyBatis SQL mapping file used:

#### Using onConsume

This component supports executing statements after data have been consumed and processed by Camel. This allows you to do post updates in the database. Notice all statements must be `UPDATE` statements. Camel supports executing multiple statements whose names should be separated by commas.

The route below illustrates we execute the consumeAccount statement data is processed. This allows us to change the status of the row in the database to processed, so we avoid consuming it twice or more.

And the statements in the sqlmap file:

#### Participating in transactions

Setting up a transaction manager under camel-mybatis can be a little bit fiddly, as it involves externalising the database configuration outside the standard MyBatis `SqlMapConfig.xml` file.

The first part requires the setup of a `DataSource`. This is typically a pool (either DBCP, or c3p0), which needs to be wrapped in a Spring proxy. This proxy enables non-Spring use of the `DataSource` to participate in Spring transactions (the MyBatis `SqlSessionFactory` does just this).

This has the additional benefit of enabling the database configuration to be externalised using property placeholders.

A transaction manager is then configured to manage the outermost `DataSource`:

A mybatis-spring `SqlSessionFactoryBean` then wraps that same `DataSource`:

The camel-mybatis component is then configured with that factory:

Finally, a transaction policy is defined over the top of the transaction manager, which can then be used as usual:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Nagios

Available as of Camel 2.3

The Nagios component allows you to send passive checks to Nagios.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Camel provides two abilities with the Nagios component. You can send passive check messages by sending a message to its endpoint.
Camel also provides a EventNotifer which allows you to send notifications to Nagios.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`host` | none | This is the address of the Nagios host where checks should be send.
`port` |  | The port number of the host.
`password` |  | Password to be authenticated when sending checks to Nagios.
`connectionTimeout` | 5000 | Connection timeout in millis.
`timeout` | 5000 | Sending timeout in millis.
`nagiosSettings` |  | To use an already configured `com.googlecode.jsendnsca.core.NagiosSettings` object. Then any of the other options are not in use, if using this.
`sendSync` | `true` | Whether or not to use synchronous when sending a passive check. Setting it to `false` will allow Camel to continue routing the message and the passive check message will be send asynchronously.
`encryptionMethod` | `No` | Camel 2.9: To specify an encryption method. Possible values: `No`, `Xor`, or `TripleDes`.

### Headers

Name | Description
--- | ---
`CamelNagiosHostName` | This is the address of the Nagios host where checks should be send. This header will override any existing hostname configured on the endpoint.
`CamelNagiosLevel` | This is the severity level. You can use values `CRITICAL, WARNING, OK`. Camel will by default use `OK`.
`CamelNagiosServiceName` | The servie name. Will default use the CamelContext name.

### Sending message examples

You can send a message to Nagios where the message payload contains the message. By default it will be `OK` level and use the CamelContext name as the service name. You can overrule these values using headers as shown above.

For example we send the `Hello Nagios` message to Nagios as follows:

To send a `CRITICAL` message you can send the headers such as:

### Using `NagiosEventNotifer`

The Nagios component also provides an EventNotifer which you can use to send events to Nagios. For example we can enable this from Java as follows:

In Spring XML its just a matter of defining a Spring bean with the type `EventNotifier` and Camel will pick it up as documented here: Advanced configuration of CamelContext using Spring.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Netty Component

Available as of Camel 2.3

There is a Netty4 component that is using the newer Netty 4 which is recommend to use as this component is using the older Netty 3 library.

The netty component in Camel is a socket communication component, based on the Netty project.
Netty is a NIO client server framework which enables quick and easy development of network applications such as protocol servers and clients.
Netty greatly simplifies and streamlines network programming such as TCP and UDP socket server.

This camel component supports both producer and consumer endpoints.

The Netty component has several options and allows fine-grained control of a number of TCP/UDP communication parameters (buffer sizes, keepAlives, tcpNoDelay etc) and facilitates both In-Only and In-Out communication on a Camel route.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The URI scheme for a netty component is as follows

This component supports producer and consumer endpoints for both TCP and UDP.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`keepAlive` | `true` | Setting to ensure socket is not closed due to inactivity
`tcpNoDelay` | `true` | Setting to improve TCP protocol performance
`backlog` |  | Camel 2.9.6/2.10.4/2.11: Allows to configure a backlog for netty consumer (server). Note the backlog is just a best effort depending on the OS. Setting this option to a value such as `200`, `500` or `1000`, tells the TCP stack how long the "accept" queue can be. If this option is not configured, then the backlog depends on OS setting.
`broadcast` | `false` | Setting to choose Multicast over UDP
`connectTimeout` | `10000` | Time to wait for a socket connection to be available. Value is in millis.
`reuseAddress` | `true` | Setting to facilitate socket multiplexing
`sync` | `true` | Setting to set endpoint as one-way or request-response
`synchronous` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Whether Asynchronous Routing Engine is not in use. `false` then the Asynchronous Routing Engine is used, `true` to force processing synchronous.
`ssl` | `false` | Setting to specify whether SSL encryption is applied to this endpoint
`sslClientCertHeaders` | `false` | Camel 2.12: When enabled and in SSL mode, then the Netty consumer will enrich the Camel Message with headers having information about the client certificate such as subject name, issuer name, serial number, and the valid date range.
`sendBufferSize` | `65536 bytes` | The TCP/UDP buffer sizes to be used during outbound communication. Size is bytes.
`receiveBufferSize` | `65536 bytes` | The TCP/UDP buffer sizes to be used during inbound communication. Size is bytes.
`option.XXX` | `null` | Camel 2.11/2.10.4: Allows to configure additional netty options using "option." as prefix. For example "option.child.keepAlive=false" to set the netty option "child.keepAlive=false". See the Netty documentation for possible options that can be used.
`corePoolSize` | `10` | The number of allocated threads at component startup. Defaults to 10. Note: This option is removed from Camel 2.9.2 onwards. As we rely on Nettys default settings.
`maxPoolSize` | `100` | The maximum number of threads that may be allocated to this endpoint. Defaults to 100. Note: This option is removed from Camel 2.9.2 onwards. As we rely on Nettys default settings.
`disconnect` | `false` | Whether or not to disconnect(close) from Netty Channel right after use. Can be used for both consumer and producer.
`lazyChannelCreation` | `true` | Channels can be lazily created to avoid exceptions, if the remote server is not up and running when the Camel producer is started.
`transferExchange` | `false` | Only used for TCP. You can transfer the exchange over the wire instead of just the body. The following fields are transferred: In body, Out body, fault body, In headers, Out headers, fault headers, exchange properties, exchange exception. This requires that the objects are serializable. Camel will exclude any non-serializable objects and log it at WARN level.
`disconnectOnNoReply` | `true` | If sync is enabled then this option dictates NettyConsumer if it should disconnect where there is no reply to send back.
`noReplyLogLevel` | `WARN` | If sync is enabled this option dictates NettyConsumer which logging level to use when logging a there is no reply to send back. Values are: `FATAL, ERROR, INFO, DEBUG, OFF`.
`serverExceptionCaughtLogLevel` | `WARN` | Camel 2.11.1: If the server (NettyConsumer) catches an exception then its logged using this logging level.
`serverClosedChannelExceptionCaughtLogLevel` | `DEBUG` | Camel 2.11.1: If the server (NettyConsumer) catches an `java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException` then its logged using this logging level. This is used to avoid logging the closed channel exceptions, as clients can disconnect abruptly and then cause a flod of closed exceptions in the Netty server.
`allowDefaultCodec` | `true` | Camel 2.4: The netty component installs a default codec if both, encoder/deocder is null and textline is false. Setting allowDefaultCodec to false prevents the netty component from installing a default codec as the first element in the filter chain.
`textline` | `false` | Camel 2.4: Only used for TCP. If no codec is specified, you can use this flag to indicate a text line based codec; if not specified or the value is false, then Object Serialization is assumed over TCP.
`delimiter` | `LINE` | Camel 2.4: The delimiter to use for the textline codec. Possible values are `LINE` and `NULL`.
`decoderMaxLineLength` | `1024` | Camel 2.4: The max line length to use for the textline codec.
`autoAppendDelimiter` | `true` | Camel 2.4: Whether or not to auto append missing end delimiter when sending using the textline codec.
`encoding` | `null` | Camel 2.4: The encoding (a charset name) to use for the textline codec. If not provided, Camel will use the JVM default Charset.
`workerCount` | `null` | Camel 2.9: When netty works on nio mode, it uses default workerCount parameter from Netty, which is cpu_core_threads*2. User can use this operation to override the default workerCount from Netty
`sslContextParameters` | `null` | Camel 2.9: SSL configuration using an `org.apache.camel.util.jsse.SSLContextParameters` instance. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility.
`receiveBufferSizePredictor` | `null` | Camel 2.9: Configures the buffer size predictor. See details at Jetty documentation and this mail thread.
`requestTimeout` | `0` | Camel 2.11.1: Allows to use a timeout for the Netty producer when calling a remote server. By default no timeout is in use. The value is in milli seconds, so eg `30000` is 30 seconds. The requestTimeout is using Netty's ReadTimeoutHandler to trigger the timeout. Camel 2.16, 2.15.3 you can also override this setting by setting the CamelNettyRequestTimeout header.
`needClientAuth` | `false` | Camel 2.11: Configures whether the server needs client authentication when using SSL.
`orderedThreadPoolExecutor` | `true` | Camel 2.10.2: Whether to use ordered thread pool, to ensure events are processed orderly on the same channel. See details at the netty javadoc of `org.jboss.netty.handler.execution.OrderedMemoryAwareThreadPoolExecutor` for more details.
`maximumPoolSize` | `16` | Camel 2.10.2: The core pool size for the ordered thread pool, if its in use. Since Camel 2.14.1: This option is move the NettyComponent.
`producerPoolEnabled` | `true` | Camel 2.10.4/Camel 2.11: Producer only. Whether producer pool is enabled or not. Important: Do not turn this off, as the pooling is needed for handling concurrency and reliable request/reply.
`producerPoolMaxActive` | `-1` | Camel 2.10.3: Producer only. Sets the cap on the number of objects that can be allocated by the pool (checked out to clients, or idle awaiting checkout) at a given time. Use a negative value for no limit.
`producerPoolMinIdle` | `0` | Camel 2.10.3: Producer only. Sets the minimum number of instances allowed in the producer pool before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
`producerPoolMaxIdle` | `100` | Camel 2.10.3: Producer only. Sets the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
`producerPoolMinEvictableIdle` | `300000` | Camel 2.10.3: Producer only. Sets the minimum amount of time (value in millis) an object may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor.
`bootstrapConfiguration` | `null` | Camel 2.12: Consumer only. Allows to configure the Netty ServerBootstrap options using a `org.apache.camel.component.netty.NettyServerBootstrapConfiguration` instance. This can be used to reuse the same configuration for multiple consumers, to align their configuration more easily.
`bossPoll` | `null` | Camel 2.12: To use a explicit `org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.BossPool` as the boss thread pool. For example to share a thread pool with multiple consumers. By default each consumer has their own boss pool with 1 core thread.
`workerPool` | `null` | Camel 2.12: To use a explicit `org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.WorkerPool` as the worker thread pool. For example to share a thread pool with multiple consumers. By default each consumer has their own worker pool with 2 x cpu count core threads.
`networkInterface` | `null` | Camel 2.12: Consumer only. When using UDP then this option can be used to specify a network interface by its name, such as `eth0` to join a multicast group.
`udpConnectionlessSending` | `false` | Camel 2.15: Producer only. This option supports connection less udp sending which is a real fire and forget. A connected udp send receive the PortUnreachableException if no one is listen on the receiving port.
`clientMode` | `false` | Camel 2.15: Consumer only. If the `clientMode` is true, netty consumer will connect the address as a TCP client.
`useChannelBuffer` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Producer only. If the `useChannelBuffer` is true, netty producer will turn the message body into channelBuffer before sending it out.

### Registry based Options

Codec Handlers and SSL Keystores can be enlisted in the Registry, such as in the Spring XML file.
The values that could be passed in, are the following:

Name | Description
--- | ---
`passphrase` | password setting to use in order to encrypt/decrypt payloads sent using SSH
`keyStoreFormat` | keystore format to be used for payload encryption. Defaults to "JKS" if not set
`securityProvider` | Security provider to be used for payload encryption. Defaults to "SunX509" if not set.
`keyStoreFile` | deprecated: Client side certificate keystore to be used for encryption
`trustStoreFile` | deprecated: Server side certificate keystore to be used for encryption
`keyStoreResource` | Camel 2.11.1: Client side certificate keystore to be used for encryption. Is loaded by default from classpath, but you can prefix with `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"` to load the resource from different systems.
`trustStoreResource` | Camel 2.11.1: Server side certificate keystore to be used for encryption. Is loaded by default from classpath, but you can prefix with `"classpath:"`, `"file:"`, or `"http:"` to load the resource from different systems.
`sslHandler` | Reference to a class that could be used to return an SSL Handler
`encoder` | A custom `ChannelHandler` class that can be used to perform special marshalling of outbound payloads. Must override `org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelDownStreamHandler`.
`encorders` | A list of encoders to be used. You can use a String which have values separated by comma, and have the values be looked up in the Registry. Just remember to prefix the value with # so Camel knows it should lookup.
`decoder` | A custom `ChannelHandler` class that can be used to perform special marshalling of inbound payloads. Must override `org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelUpStreamHandler`.
`decoders` | A list of decoders to be used. You can use a String which have values separated by comma, and have the values be looked up in the Registry. Just remember to prefix the value with # so Camel knows it should lookup.

Important: Read below about using non shareable encoders/decoders.

#### Using non shareable encoders or decoders

If your encoders or decoders is not shareable (eg they have the @Shareable class annotation), then your encoder/decoder must implement the `org.apache.camel.component.netty.ChannelHandlerFactory` interface, and return a new instance in the `newChannelHandler` method. This is to ensure the encoder/decoder can safely be used. If this is not the case, then the Netty component will log a WARN when
an endpoint is created.

The Netty component offers a `org.apache.camel.component.netty.ChannelHandlerFactories` factory class, that has a number of commonly used methods.

### Sending Messages to/from a Netty endpoint

#### Netty Producer

In Producer mode, the component provides the ability to send payloads to a socket endpoint
using either TCP or UDP protocols (with optional SSL support).

The producer mode supports both one-way and request-response based operations.

#### Netty Consumer

In Consumer mode, the component provides the ability to:

- listen on a specified socket using either TCP or UDP protocols (with optional SSL support),
- receive requests on the socket using text/xml, binary and serialized object based payloads and
- send them along on a route as message exchanges.

The consumer mode supports both one-way and request-response based operations.

### Headers

The following headers are filled for the exchanges created by the Netty consumer:

Header key | Class | Description
--- | --- | ---
`NettyConstants.NETTY_CHANNEL_HANDLER_CONTEXT` / `CamelNettyChannelHandlerContext` | `org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext` | `ChannelHandlerContext` instance associated with the connection received by netty.
`NettyConstants.NETTY_MESSAGE_EVENT` / `CamelNettyMessageEvent` | `org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent` | `MessageEvent` instance associated with the connection received by netty.
`NettyConstants.NETTY_REMOTE_ADDRESS` / `CamelNettyRemoteAddress` | `java.net.SocketAddress` | Remote address of the incoming socket connection.
`NettyConstants.NETTY_LOCAL_ADDRESS` / `CamelNettyLocalAddress` | `java.net.SocketAddress` | Local address of the incoming socket connection.

### Usage Samples

#### A UDP Netty endpoint using Request-Reply and serialized object payload

#### A TCP based Netty consumer endpoint using One-way communication

#### An SSL/TCP based Netty consumer endpoint using Request-Reply communication

##### Using the JSSE Configuration Utility

As of Camel 2.9, the Netty component supports SSL/TLS configuration through the Camel JSSE Configuration Utility. This utility greatly decreases the amount of component specific code you need to write and is configurable at the endpoint and component levels. The following examples demonstrate how to use the utility with the Netty component.

###### Programmatic configuration of the component

###### Spring DSL based configuration of endpoint

##### Using Basic SSL/TLS configuration on the Jetty Component

##### Getting access to SSLSession and the client certificate

Available as of Camel 2.12

You can get access to the `javax.net.ssl.SSLSession` if you eg need to get details about the client certificate. When `ssl=true` then the Netty component will store the `SSLSession` as a header on the Camel Message as shown below:

Remember to set `needClientAuth=true` to authenticate the client, otherwise `SSLSession` cannot access information about the client certificate, and you may get an exception `javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticated`. You may also get this exception if the client certificate is expired or not valid etc.

The option `sslClientCertHeaders` can be set to `true` which then enriches the Camel Message with headers having details about the client certificate. For example the subject name is readily available in the header `CamelNettySSLClientCertSubjectName`.

#### Using Multiple Codecs

In certain cases it may be necessary to add chains of encoders and decoders to the netty pipeline. To add multpile codecs to a camel netty endpoint the 'encoders' and 'decoders' uri parameters should be used. Like the 'encoder' and 'decoder' parameters they are used to supply references (to lists of ChannelUpstreamHandlers and ChannelDownstreamHandlers) that should be added to the pipeline. Note that if encoders is specified then the encoder param will be ignored, similarly for decoders and the decoder param.

Read further above about using non shareable encoders/decoders.

The lists of codecs need to be added to the Camel's registry so they can be resolved when the endpoint is created.

Spring's native collections support can be used to specify the codec lists in an application context
The bean names can then be used in netty endpoint definitions either as a comma separated list or contained in a List e.g.
or via spring.

### Closing Channel When Complete

When acting as a server you sometimes want to close the channel when, for example, a client conversion is finished.
You can do this by simply setting the endpoint option `disconnect=true`.

However you can also instruct Camel on a per message basis as follows.
To instruct Camel to close the channel, you should add a header with the key `CamelNettyCloseChannelWhenComplete` set to a boolean `true` value.
For instance, the example below will close the channel after it has written the bye message back to the client:

### Adding custom channel pipeline factories to gain complete control over a created pipeline

Available as of Camel 2.5

Custom channel pipelines provide complete control to the user over the handler/interceptor chain by inserting custom handler(s), encoder(s) & decoders without having to specify them in the Netty Endpoint URL in a very simple way.

In order to add a custom pipeline, a custom channel pipeline factory must be created and registered with the context via the context registry (JNDIRegistry,or the camel-spring ApplicationContextRegistry etc).

A custom pipeline factory must be constructed as follows

- A Producer linked channel pipeline factory must extend the abstract class `ClientPipelineFactory`.
- A Consumer linked channel pipeline factory must extend the abstract class `ServerPipelineFactory`.
- The classes should override the getPipeline() method in order to insert custom handler(s), encoder(s) and decoder(s). Not overriding the getPipeline() method creates a pipeline with no handlers, encoders or decoders wired to the pipeline.

The example below shows how ServerChannel Pipeline factory may be created

Using custom pipeline factory

The custom channel pipeline factory can then be added to the registry and instantiated/utilized on a camel route in the following way

### Reusing Netty boss and worker thread pools

Available as of Camel 2.12

Netty has two kind of thread pools: boss and worker. By default each Netty consumer and producer has their private thread pools. If you want to reuse these thread pools among multiple consumers or producers then the thread pools must be created and enlisted in the Registry.

For example using Spring XML we can create a shared worker thread pool using the `NettyWorkerPoolBuilder` with 2 worker threads as shown below:

For boss thread pool there is a `org.apache.camel.component.netty.NettyServerBossPoolBuilder` builder for Netty consumers, and a `org.apache.camel.component.netty.NettyClientBossPoolBuilder` for the Netty produces.

Then in the Camel routes we can refer to this worker pools by configuring the `workerPool` option in the URI as shown below:

And if we have another route we can refer to the shared worker pool:

... and so forth.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Netty HTTP
- MINA

## NMR Component

The nmr component is an adapter to the Normalized Message Router (NMR) in ServiceMix, which is intended for use by Camel applications deployed directly into the OSGi container. You can exchange objects with NMR and not only XML like this is the case with the JBI specification. The interest of this component is that you can interconnect camel routes deployed in different OSGI bundles.

By contrast, the JBI component is intended for use by Camel applications deployed into the ServiceMix JBI container.

### Installing in Apache Servicemix

The NMR component is provided with Apache ServiceMix. It is not distributed with Camel. To install the NMR component in ServiceMix, enter the following command in the ServiceMix console window:

### Installing in plain Apache Karaf

In plain Karaf the nmr component can also be installed using the servicemix artifacts:

### Configuration

You also need to instantiate the NMR component. You can do this by editing your Spring configuration file, `META-INF/spring/*.xml`, and adding the following `bean` instance:

### NMR consumer and producer endpoints

The following code:

Automatically exposes a new endpoint to the bus with endpoint name `MyServiceEndpoint` (see URI-format).

When an NMR endpoint appears at the end of a route, for example:

The messages sent by this producer endpoint are sent to the already deployed NMR endpoint.

### URI format

#### URI Options

Option | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`runAsSubject` | `false` | Apache ServiceMix 4.4: When this is set to `true` on a consumer endpoint, the endpoint will be invoked on behalf of the `Subject` that is set on the `Exchange` (i.e. the call to `Subject.getSubject(AccessControlContext)` will return the `Subject` instance)
`synchronous` | `false` | When this is set to `true` on a consumer endpoint, an incoming, synchronous NMR Exchange will be handled on the sender's thread instead of being handled on a new thread of the NMR endpoint's thread pool
`timeout` | `0` | Apache ServiceMix 4.4: When this is set to a value greater than 0, the producer endpoint will timeout if it doesn't receive a response from the NMR within the given timeout period (in milliseconds). Configuring a timeout value will switch to using synchronous interactions with the NMR instead of the usual asynchronous messaging.
`throwExceptionOnFailure` | true | Apache ServiceMix 4.5.2: When this is set to `false` then NMR's exceptions (like TimeoutException) will be consumed silently.
`interfaceName` | null | Apache ServiceMix 4.5.3: When specify this as a `QName` then it could be considered when NMR looking for the target NMR endpoint during dispatch
`serviceName` | null | Apache ServiceMix 4.5.3: When specify this as a `QName` then it could be considered when NMR looking for the target NMR endpoint during dispatch

#### Examples

Consumer

Producer

### Using Stream bodies

If you are using a stream type as the message body, you should be aware that a stream is only capable of being read once. So if you enable `DEBUG` logging, the body is usually logged and thus read. To deal with this, Camel has a `streamCaching` option that can cache the stream, enabling you to read it multiple times.

The stream caching is default enabled, so it is not necessary to set the `streamCaching()` option.
We store big input streams (by default, over 64K) in a `temp` file using `CachedOutputStream`. When you close the input stream, the temp file will be deleted.

#### Testing

NMR camel routes can be tested using the camel unit test approach even if they will be deployed next in different bundles on an OSGI runtime. With this aim in view, you will extend the ServiceMixNMR Mock class `org.apache.servicemix.camel.nmr.AbstractComponentTest` which will create a NMR bus, register the Camel NMR Component and the endpoints defined into the Camel routes.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Quartz Component

The quartz: component provides a scheduled delivery of messages using the Quartz Scheduler 1.x .
Each endpoint represents a different timer (in Quartz terms, a Trigger and JobDetail).

If you are using Quartz 2.x then from Camel 2.12 onwards there is a Quartz2 component you should use

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The component uses either a `CronTrigger` or a `SimpleTrigger`. If no cron expression is provided, the component uses a simple trigger. If no `groupName` is provided, the quartz component uses the `Camel` group name.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Parameter | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`cron` | None | Specifies a `cron` expression (not compatible with the `trigger.*` or `job.*` options).
`trigger.repeatCount` | `0` | SimpleTrigger: How many times should the timer repeat?
`trigger.repeatInterval` | `0` | SimpleTrigger: The amount of time in milliseconds between repeated triggers.
`job.name` | `null` | Sets the job name.
`job.XXX` | `null` | Sets the job option with the `XXX` setter name.
`trigger.XXX` | `null` | Sets the trigger option with the `XXX` setter name.
`stateful` | `false` | Uses a Quartz `StatefulJob` instead of the default job.
`fireNow` | `false` | New to Camel 2.2.0, if it is true will fire the trigger when the route is start when using SimpleTrigger.
`deleteJob` | `true` | Camel 2.12: If set to true, then the trigger automatically delete when route stop. Else if set to false, it will remain in scheduler. When set to false, it will also mean user may reuse pre-configured trigger with camel Uri. Just ensure the names match. Notice you cannot have both deleteJob and pauseJob set to true.
`pauseJob` | `false` | Camel 2.12: If set to true, then the trigger automatically pauses when route stop. Else if set to false, it will remain in scheduler. When set to false, it will also mean user may reuse pre-configured trigger with camel Uri. Just ensure the names match. Notice you cannot have both deleteJob and pauseJob set to true.
`usingFixedCamelContextName` | `false` | Camel 2.15.0: If it is true, JobDataMap uses the CamelContext name directly to reference the camel context, if it is false, JobDataMap uses use the CamelContext management name which could be changed during the deploy time.

For example, the following routing rule will fire two timer events to the `mock:results` endpoint:

When using a StatefulJob, the JobDataMap is re-persisted after every execution of the job, thus preserving state for the next execution.

Running in OSGi and having multiple bundles with quartz routes

If you run in OSGi such as Apache ServiceMix, or Apache Karaf, and have multiple bundles with Camel routes that start from Quartz endpoints, then make sure if you assign
an `id` to the <camelContext> that this id is unique, as this is required by the `QuartzScheduler` in the OSGi container. If you do not set any `id` on <camelContext> then
a unique id is auto assigned, and there is no problem.

### Configuring quartz.properties file

By default Quartz will look for a `quartz.properties` file in the `org/quartz` directory of the classpath. If you are using WAR deployments this means just drop the quartz.properties in `WEB-INF/classes/org/quartz`.

However the Camel Quartz component also allows you to configure properties:

Parameter | Default | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`properties` | `null` | `Properties` | Camel 2.4: You can configure a `java.util.Properties` instance.
`propertiesFile` | `null` | `String` | Camel 2.4: File name of the properties to load from the classpath

To do this you can configure this in Spring XML as follows

### Enabling Quartz scheduler in JMX

You need to configure the quartz scheduler properties to enable JMX.
That is typically setting the option `"org.quartz.scheduler.jmx.export"` to a `true` value in the configuration file.

From Camel 2.13 onwards Camel will automatic set this option to true, unless explicit disabled.

### Starting the Quartz scheduler

Available as of Camel 2.4

The Quartz component offers an option to let the Quartz scheduler be started delayed, or not auto started at all.

Parameter | Default | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`startDelayedSeconds` | `0` | `int` | Camel 2.4: Seconds to wait before starting the quartz scheduler.
`autoStartScheduler` | `true` | `boolean` | Camel 2.4: Whether or not the scheduler should be auto started.

To do this you can configure this in Spring XML as follows

### Clustering

Available as of Camel 2.4

If you use Quartz in clustered mode, e.g. the `JobStore` is clustered. Then from Camel 2.4 onwards the Quartz component will not pause/remove triggers when a node is being stopped/shutdown. This allows the trigger to keep running on the other nodes in the cluster.

Note: When running in clustered node no checking is done to ensure unique job name/group for endpoints.

### Message Headers

Camel adds the getters from the Quartz Execution Context as header values. The following headers are added:
`calendar`, `fireTime`, `jobDetail`, `jobInstance`, `jobRuntTime`, `mergedJobDataMap`, `nextFireTime`, `previousFireTime`, `refireCount`, `result`, `scheduledFireTime`, `scheduler`, `trigger`, `triggerName`, `triggerGroup`.

The `fireTime` header contains the `java.util.Date` of when the exchange was fired.

### Using Cron Triggers

Quartz supports Cron-like expressions for specifying timers in a handy format. You can use these expressions in the `cron` URI parameter; though to preserve valid URI encoding we allow + to be used instead of spaces. Quartz provides a little tutorial on how to use cron expressions.

For example, the following will fire a message every five minutes starting at 12pm (noon) to 6pm on weekdays:

which is equivalent to using the cron expression

The following table shows the URI character encodings we use to preserve valid URI syntax:

URI Character | Cron character
--- | ---
`+` | Space

### Specifying time zone

Available as of Camel 2.8.1
The Quartz Scheduler allows you to configure time zone per trigger. For example to use a timezone of your country, then you can do as follows:

The timeZone value is the values accepted by `java.util.TimeZone`.

In Camel 2.8.0 or older versions you would have to provide your custom `String` to `java.util.TimeZone` Type Converter to be able configure this from the endpoint uri.
From Camel 2.8.1 onwards we have included such a Type Converter in the camel-core.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Quartz2
- Timer

## QuickFIX/J Component

The quickfix component adapts the QuickFIX/J FIX engine for using in Camel . This component uses the standard Financial Interchange (FIX) protocol for message transport.

Previous Versions

The quickfix component was rewritten for Camel 2.5. For information about using the quickfix component prior to 2.5 see the documentation section below.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The configFile is the name of the QuickFIX/J configuration to use for the FIX engine (located as a resource found in your classpath). The optional sessionID identifies a specific FIX session. The format of the sessionID is:

The optional lazyCreateEngine (Camel 2.12.3+) parameter allows to create QuickFIX/J engine on demand. Value true means the engine is started when first message is send or there's consumer configured in route definition. When false value is used, the engine is started at the endpoint creation. When this parameter is missing, the value of component's property lazyCreateEngines is being used.

Example URIs:

## Endpoints

FIX sessions are endpoints for the quickfix component. An endpoint URI may specify a single session or all sessions managed by a specific QuickFIX/J engine. Typical applications will use only one FIX engine but advanced users may create multiple FIX engines by referencing different configuration files in quickfix component endpoint URIs.

When a consumer does not include a session ID in the endpoint URI, it will receive exchanges for all sessions managed by the FIX engine associated with the configuration file specified in the URI. If a producer does not specify a session in the endpoint URI then it must include the session-related fields in the FIX message being sent. If a session is specified in the URI then the component will automatically inject the session-related fields into the FIX message.

### Exchange Format

The exchange headers include information to help with exchange filtering, routing and other processing. The following headers are available:

Header Name | Description
--- | ---
EventCategory | One of `AppMessageReceived`, `AppMessageSent`, `AdminMessageReceived`, `AdminMessageSent`, `SessionCreated`, `SessionLogon`, `SessionLogoff`. See the `QuickfixjEventCategory` enum.
SessionID | The FIX message SessionID
MessageType | The FIX MsgType tag value
DataDictionary | Specifies a data dictionary to used for parsing an incoming message. Can be an instance of a data dictionary or a resource path for a QuickFIX/J data dictionary file

The DataDictionary header is useful if string messages are being received and need to be parsed in a route. QuickFIX/J requires a data dictionary to parse certain types of messages (with repeating groups, for example). By injecting a DataDictionary header in the route after receiving a message string, the FIX engine can properly parse the data.

### QuickFIX/J Configuration Extensions

When using QuickFIX/J directly, one typically writes code to create instances of logging adapters, message stores and communication connectors. The quickfix component will automatically create instances of these classes based on information in the configuration file. It also provides defaults for many of the common required settings and adds additional capabilities (like the ability to activate JMX support).

The following sections describe how the quickfix component processes the QuickFIX/J configuration. For comprehensive information about QuickFIX/J configuration, see the QFJ user manual.

#### Communication Connectors

When the component detects an initiator or acceptor session setting in the QuickFIX/J configuration file it will automatically create the corresponding initiator and/or acceptor connector. These settings can be in the default or in a specific session section of the configuration file.

Session Setting | Component Action
--- | ---
`ConnectionType=initiator` | Create an initiator connector
`ConnectionType=acceptor` | Create an acceptor connector

The threading model for the QuickFIX/J session connectors can also be specified. These settings affect all sessions in the configuration file and must be placed in the settings default section.

Default/Global Setting | Component Action
--- | ---
`ThreadModel=ThreadPerConnector` | Use `SocketInitiator` or `SocketAcceptor` (default)
`ThreadModel=ThreadPerSession` | Use `ThreadedSocketInitiator` or `ThreadedSocketAcceptor`

#### Logging

The QuickFIX/J logger implementation can be specified by including the following settings in the default section of the configuration file. The `ScreenLog` is the default if none of the following settings are present in the configuration. It's an error to include settings that imply more than one log implementation. The log factory implementation can also be set directly on the Quickfix component. This will override any related values in the QuickFIX/J settings file.

Default/Global Setting | Component Action
--- | ---
`ScreenLogShowEvents` | Use a `ScreenLog`
`ScreenLogShowIncoming` | Use a `ScreenLog`
`ScreenLogShowOutgoing` | Use a `ScreenLog`
`SLF4J*` | Camel 2.6+. Use a `SLF4JLog`. Any of the SLF4J settings will cause this log to be used.
`FileLogPath` | Use a `FileLog`
`JdbcDriver` | Use a `JdbcLog`

#### Message Store

The QuickFIX/J message store implementation can be specified by including the following settings in the default section of the configuration file. The `MemoryStore` is the default if none of the following settings are present in the configuration. It's an error to include settings that imply more than one message store implementation. The message store factory implementation can also be set directly on the Quickfix component. This will override any related values in the QuickFIX/J settings file.

Default/Global Setting | Component Action
--- | ---
`JdbcDriver` | Use a `JdbcStore`
`FileStorePath` | Use a `FileStore`
`SleepycatDatabaseDir` | Use a `SleepcatStore`

#### Message Factory

A message factory is used to construct domain objects from raw FIX messages. The default message factory is `DefaultMessageFactory`. However, advanced applications may require a custom message factory. This can be set on the QuickFIX/J component.

#### JMX

Default/Global Setting | Component Action
--- | ---
`UseJmx` | if `Y`, then enable QuickFIX/J JMX

#### Other Defaults

The component provides some default settings for what are normally required settings in QuickFIX/J configuration files. `SessionStartTime` and `SessionEndTime` default to "00:00:00", meaning the session will not be automatically started and stopped. The `HeartBtInt` (heartbeat interval) defaults to 30 seconds.

#### Minimal Initiator Configuration Example

### Using the InOut Message Exchange Pattern

Camel 2.8+

Although the FIX protocol is event-driven and asynchronous, there are specific pairs of messages
that represent a request-reply message exchange. To use an InOut exchange pattern, there should
be a single request message and single reply message to the request. Examples include an
OrderStatusRequest message and UserRequest.

#### Implementing InOut Exchanges for Consumers

Add "exchangePattern=InOut" to the QuickFIX/J enpoint URI. The `MessageOrderStatusService` in
the example below is a bean with a synchronous service method. The method returns the response
to the request (an ExecutionReport in this case) which is then sent back to the requestor session.

#### Implementing InOut Exchanges for Producers

For producers, sending a message will block until a reply is received or a timeout occurs. There
is no standard way to correlate reply messages in FIX. Therefore, a correlation criteria must be
defined for each type of InOut exchange. The correlation criteria and timeout can be specified
using `Exchange` properties.

Description | Key String | Key Constant | Default
--- | --- | --- | ---
Correlation Criteria | "CorrelationCriteria" | QuickfixjProducer.CORRELATION_CRITERIA_KEY | None
Correlation Timeout in Milliseconds | "CorrelationTimeout" | QuickfixjProducer.CORRELATION_TIMEOUT_KEY | 1000

The correlation criteria is defined with a `MessagePredicate` object. The following example will treat
a FIX ExecutionReport from the specified session where the transaction type is STATUS and the Order ID
matches our request. The session ID should be for the requestor, the sender and target CompID fields
will be reversed when looking for the reply.

#### Example

The source code contains an example called `RequestReplyExample` that demonstrates the InOut exchanges
for a consumer and producer. This example creates a simple HTTP server endpoint that accepts order
status requests. The HTTP request is converted to a FIX OrderStatusRequestMessage, is augmented with a
correlation criteria, and is then routed to a quickfix endpoint. The response is then converted to a
JSON-formatted string and sent back to the HTTP server endpoint to be provided as the web response.

The Spring configuration have changed from Camel 2.9 onwards. See further below for example.

### Spring Configuration

Camel 2.6 - 2.8.x

The QuickFIX/J component includes a Spring `FactoryBean` for configuring the session settings within a Spring context. A type converter for QuickFIX/J session ID strings is also included. The following example shows a simple configuration of an acceptor and initiator session with default settings for both sessions.

Camel 2.9 onwards

The QuickFIX/J component includes a `QuickfixjConfiguration` class for configuring the session settings. A type converter for QuickFIX/J session ID strings is also included. The following example shows a simple configuration of an acceptor and initiator session with default settings for both sessions.

### Exception handling

QuickFIX/J behavior can be modified if certain exceptions are thrown during processing of a message. If a `RejectLogon` exception is thrown while processing an incoming logon administrative message, then the logon will be rejected.

Normally, QuickFIX/J handles the logon process automatically. However, sometimes an outgoing logon message must be modified to include credentials required by a FIX counterparty. If the FIX logon message body is modified when sending a logon message (EventCategory=`AdminMessageSent` the modified message will be sent to the counterparty. It is important that the outgoing logon message is being processed synchronously. If it is processed asynchronously (on another thread), the FIX engine will immediately send the unmodified outgoing message when it's callback method returns.

### FIX Sequence Number Management

If an application exception is thrown during synchronous exchange processing, this will cause QuickFIX/J to not increment incoming FIX message sequence numbers and will cause a resend of the counterparty message. This FIX protocol behavior is primarily intended to handle transport errors rather than application errors. There are risks associated with using this mechanism to handle application errors. The primary risk is that the message will repeatedly cause application errors each time it's re-received. A better solution is to persist the incoming message (database, JMS queue) immediately before processing it. This also allows the application to process messages asynchronously without losing messages when errors occur.

Although it's possible to send messages to a FIX session before it's logged on (the messages will be sent at logon time), it is usually a better practice to wait until the session is logged on. This eliminates the required sequence number resynchronization steps at logon. Waiting for session logon can be done by setting up a route that processes the `SessionLogon` event category and signals the application to start sending messages.

See the FIX protocol specifications and the QuickFIX/J documentation for more details about FIX sequence number management.

### Route Examples

Several examples are included in the QuickFIX/J component source code (test subdirectories). One of these examples implements a trival trade excecution simulation. The example defines an application component that uses the URI scheme "trade-executor".

The following route receives messages for the trade executor session and passes application messages to the trade executor component.

The trade executor component generates messages that are routed back to the trade session. The session ID must be set in the FIX message itself since no session ID is specified in the endpoint URI.

The trader session consumes execution report messages from the market and processes them.

## QuickFIX/J Component Prior to Camel 2.5

The quickfix component is an implementation of the QuickFIX/J engine for Java . This engine allows to connect to a FIX server which is used to exchange financial messages according to FIX protocol standard.

Note: The component can be used to send/receives messages to a FIX server.

### URI format

Where config file is the location (in your classpath) of the quickfix configuration file used to configure the engine at the startup.

Note: Information about parameters available for quickfix can be found on QuickFIX/J web site.

The quickfix-server endpoint must be used to receive from FIX server FIX messages and quickfix-client endpoint in the case that you want to send messages to a FIX gateway.

### Exchange data format

The QuickFIX/J engine is like CXF component a messaging bus using MINA as protocol layer to create the socket connection with the FIX engine gateway.

When QuickFIX/J engine receives a message, then it create a QuickFix.Message instance which is next received by the camel endpoint. This object is a 'mapping object' created from a FIX message formatted initially as a collection of key value pairs data. You can use this object or you can use the method 'toString' to retrieve the original FIX message.

Note: Alternatively, you can use camel bindy dataformat to transform the FIX message into your own java POJO

When a message must be send to QuickFix, then you must create a QuickFix.Message instance.

### Lazy creating engines

From Camel 2.12.3 onwards, you can configure the QuickFixComponent to lazy create and start the engines, which then only start these on-demand. For example you can use this when you have multiple Camel applications in a cluster with master/slaves. And want the slaves to be standby.

### Samples

Direction : to FIX gateway

Direction : from FIX gateway

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Printer Component

Available as of Camel 2.1

The printer component provides a way to direct payloads on a route to a printer. Obviously the payload has to be a formatted piece of payload in order for the component to appropriately print it. The objective is to be able to direct specific payloads as jobs to a line printer in a camel flow.

This component only supports a camel producer endpoint.

The functionality allows for the payload to be printed on a default printer, named local, remote or wirelessly linked printer using the javax printing API under the covers.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Since the URI scheme for a printer has not been standardized (the nearest thing to a standard being the IETF print standard) and therefore not uniformly applied by vendors, we have chosen "lpr" as the scheme.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`mediaSize` | `NA_LETTER` | Sets the stationary as defined by enumeration names in the javax.print.attribute.standard.MediaSizeName API. The default setting is to use North American Letter sized stationary. The value's case is ignored, e.g. values of `iso_a4` and `ISO_A4` may be used.
`copies` | `1` | Sets number of copies based on the javax.print.attribute.standard.Copies API
`sides` | `Sides.ONE_SIDED` | Sets one sided or two sided printing based on the javax.print.attribute.standard.Sides API
`flavor` | `DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY` | Sets DocFlavor based on the javax.print.DocFlavor API
`mimeType` | `AUTOSENSE` | Sets mimeTypes supported by the javax.print.DocFlavor API
`mediaTray` | `AUTOSENSE` | Since Camel 2.11.x sets MediaTray supported by the javax.print.DocFlavor API
`printerPrefix` | null | Since Camel 2.11.x sets the prefix name of the printer, it is useful when the printer name does not start with //hostname/printer
`sendToPrinter` | true | Setting this option to `false` prevents sending of the print data to the printer
`orientation` | `portrait` | Since Camel 2.13.x Sets the page orientation. Possible values: `portrait`, `landscape`, `reverse-portrait` or `reverse-landscape`, based on `javax.print.attribute.standard.OrientationRequested`

### Sending Messages to a Printer

#### Printer Producer

Sending data to the printer is very straightforward and involves creating a producer endpoint that can be sent message exchanges on in route.

### Usage Samples

#### Example 1: Printing text based payloads on a Default printer using letter stationary and one-sided mode

#### Example 2: Printing GIF based payloads on a Remote printer using A4 stationary and one-sided mode

#### Example 3: Printing JPEG based payloads on a Remote printer using Japanese Postcard stationary and one-sided mode

## Properties Component

Available as of Camel 2.3

### URI format

Where key is the key for the property to lookup

### Options

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`cache` | `boolean` | `true` | Whether or not to cache loaded properties.
`locations` | `String` | `null` | A list of locations to load properties. You can use comma to separate multiple locations. This option will override any default locations and only use the locations from this option.
`encoding` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.14.3/2.15.1: To use a specific charset to load the properties, such as UTF-8. By default ISO-8859-1 (latin1) is used.
`ignoreMissingLocation` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Whether to silently ignore if a location cannot be located, such as a properties file not found.
`propertyPrefix` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.9 Optional prefix prepended to property names before resolution.
`propertySuffix` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.9 Optional suffix appended to property names before resolution.
`fallbackToUnaugmentedProperty` | `boolean` | `true` | Camel 2.9 If true, first attempt resolution of property name augmented with `propertyPrefix` and `propertySuffix` before falling back the plain property name specified. If false, only the augmented property name is searched.
`prefixToken` | `String` | {{ | Camel 2.9 The token to indicate the beginning of a property token.
`suffixToken` | `String` | }} | Camel 2.9 The token to indicate the end of a property token.
`systemPropertiesMode` | `int` | `2` | Camel 2.16: The mode to use for whether to resolve and use system properties 0 = never (JVM system properties is never used) 1 = fallback (JVM system properties is only used as fallback if no regular property with the key exists) 2 = override (JVM system properties is used if exists, otherwise a the regular property will be used) Notice when bridging this to Spring's property placeholder with `org.apache.camel.spring.spi.BridgePropertyPlaceholderConfigurer` then the configuration on `BridgePropertyPlaceholderConfigurer` takes precedence over the configuration on the `PropertiesComponent`.

Resolving property from Java code

You can use the method `resolvePropertyPlaceholders` on the `CamelContext` to resolve a property from any Java code.

## Using PropertyPlaceholder

Available as of Camel 2.3

Camel now provides a new `PropertiesComponent` in camel-core which allows you to use property placeholders when defining Camel Endpoint URIs.
This works much like you would do if using Spring's `<property-placeholder>` tag. However Spring have a limitation which prevents 3rd party frameworks to leverage Spring property placeholders to the fullest. See more at How do I use Spring Property Placeholder with Camel XML.

Bridging Spring and Camel property placeholders

From Camel 2.10 onwards, you can bridge the Spring property placeholder with Camel, see further below for more details.

The property placeholder is generally in use when doing:

- lookup or creating endpoints
- lookup of beans in the Registry
- additional supported in Spring XML (see below in examples)
- using Blueprint PropertyPlaceholder with Camel Properties component
- using `@PropertyInject` to inject a property in a POJO
- Camel 2.14.1 Using default value if a property does not exists
- Camel 2.14.1 Include out of the box functions, to lookup property values from OS environment variables, JVM system properties, or the service idiom.
- Camel 2.14.1 Using custom functions, which can be plugged into the property component.

### Syntax

The syntax to use Camel's property placeholder is to use {{`key`}} for example {{`file.uri`}} where `file.uri` is the property key.
You can use property placeholders in parts of the endpoint URI's which for example you can use placeholders for parameters in the URIs.

From Camel 2.14.1 onwards you can specify a default value to use if a property with the key does not exists, eg `file.url:/some/path` where the default value is the text after the colon (eg /some/path).

Do not use colon in the property key. The colon is used as a separator token when you are providing a default value, which is supported from Camel 2.14.1 onwards.

### PropertyResolver

Camel provides a pluggable mechanism which allows 3rd part to provide their own resolver to lookup properties. Camel provides a default implementation `org.apache.camel.component.properties.DefaultPropertiesResolver` which is capable of loading properties from the file system, classpath or Registry. You can prefix the locations with either:

- `ref:` Camel 2.4: to lookup in the Registry
- `file:` to load the from file system
- `classpath:` to load from classpath (this is also the default if no prefix is provided)
- `blueprint:` Camel 2.7: to use a specific OSGi blueprint placeholder service

### Defining location

The `PropertiesResolver` need to know a location(s) where to resolve the properties. You can define 1 to many locations. If you define the location in a single String property you can separate multiple locations with comma such as:

#### Using system and environment variables in locations

Available as of Camel 2.7

The location now supports using placeholders for JVM system properties and OS environments variables.

For example:

In the location above we defined a location using the file scheme using the JVM system property with key `karaf.home`.

To use an OS environment variable instead you would have to prefix with env:

Where `APP_HOME` is an OS environment.

You can have multiple placeholders in the same location, such as:

#### Using system and environment variables to configure property prefixes and suffixes

Available as of Camel 2.12.5, 2.13.3, 2.14.0

`propertyPrefix`, `propertySuffix` configuration properties support using placeholders for JVM system properties and OS environments variables.

For example. if `PropertiesComponent` is configured with the following properties file:

    dev.endpoint = result1
    test.endpoint = result2

Then with the following route definition:

it is possible to change the target endpoint by changing system property `stage` either to `dev` (the message will be routed to `mock:result1`) or `test` (the message will be routed to `mock:result2`).

### Configuring in Java DSL

You have to create and register the `PropertiesComponent` under the name `properties` such as:

### Configuring in Spring XML

Spring XML offers two variations to configure. You can define a spring bean as a `PropertiesComponent` which resembles the way done in Java DSL. Or you can use the `<propertyPlaceholder>` tag.

Using the `<propertyPlaceholder>` tag makes the configuration a bit more fresh such as:

Specifying the cache option inside XML

Camel 2.10 onwards supports specifying a value for the cache option both inside the Spring as well as the Blueprint XML.

### Using a Properties from the Registry

Available as of Camel 2.4
For example in OSGi you may want to expose a service which returns the properties as a `java.util.Properties` object.

Then you could setup the Properties component as follows:

Where `myProperties` is the id to use for lookup in the OSGi registry. Notice we use the `ref:` prefix to tell Camel that it should lookup the properties for the Registry.

### Examples using properties component

When using property placeholders in the endpoint URIs you can either use the `properties:` component or define the placeholders directly in the URI. We will show example of both cases, starting with the former.

You can also use placeholders as a part of the endpoint uri:

In the example above the to endpoint will be resolved to `mock:result`.

You can also have properties with refer to each other such as:

Notice how `cool.concat` refer to another property.

The `properties:` component also offers you to override and provide a location in the given uri using the `locations` option:

### Examples

You can also use property placeholders directly in the endpoint uris without having to use `properties:`.

And you can use them in multiple wherever you want them:

You can also your property placeholders when using ProducerTemplate for example:

### Example with Simple language

The Simple language now also support using property placeholders, for example in the route below:

You can also specify the location in the Simple language for example:

### Additional property placeholder supported in Spring XML

The property placeholders is also supported in many of the Camel Spring XML tags such as `<package>, <packageScan>, <contextScan>, <jmxAgent>, <endpoint>, <routeBuilder>, <proxy>` and the others.

The example below has property placeholder in the <jmxAgent> tag:

You can also define property placeholders in the various attributes on the <camelContext> tag such as `trace` as shown here:

### Overriding a property setting using a JVM System Property

Available as of Camel 2.5
It is possible to override a property value at runtime using a JVM System property without the need to restart the application to pick up the change. This may also be accomplished from the command line by creating a JVM System property of the same name as the property it replaces with a new value. An example of this is given below

### Using property placeholders for any kind of attribute in the XML DSL

Available as of Camel 2.7

If you use OSGi Blueprint then this only works from 2.11.1 or 2.10.5 onwards.

Previously it was only the `xs:string` type attributes in the XML DSL that support placeholders. For example often a timeout attribute would be a `xs:int` type and thus you cannot set a string value as the placeholder key. This is now possible from Camel 2.7 onwards using a special placeholder namespace.

In the example below we use the `prop` prefix for the namespace `http://camel.apache.org/schema/placeholder` by which we can use the `prop` prefix in the attributes in the XML DSLs. Notice how we use that in the Multicast to indicate that the option `stopOnException` should be the value of the placeholder with the key "stop".

In our properties file we have the value defined as

### Using property placeholder in the Java DSL

Available as of Camel 2.7

Likewise we have added support for defining placeholders in the Java DSL using the new `placeholder` DSL as shown in the following equivalent example:

### Using Blueprint property placeholder with Camel routes

Available as of Camel 2.7

Camel supports Blueprint which also offers a property placeholder service. Camel supports convention over configuration, so all you have to do is to define the OSGi Blueprint property placeholder in the XML file as shown below:

Using OSGi blueprint property placeholders in Camel routes

By default Camel detects and uses OSGi blueprint property placeholder service. You can disable this by setting the attribute `useBlueprintPropertyResolver` to false on the `<camelContext>` definition.

About placeholder syntaxes

Notice how we can use the Camel syntax for placeholders {{ }} in the Camel route, which will lookup the value from OSGi blueprint.
The blueprint syntax for placeholders is ${ }. So outside the <camelContext> you must use the ${ } syntax. Where as inside <camelContext> you must use {{ }} syntax.
OSGi blueprint allows you to configure the syntax, so you can actually align those if you want.

You can also explicit refer to a specific OSGi blueprint property placeholder by its id. For that you need to use the Camel's <propertyPlaceholder> as shown in the example below:

Explicit referring to a OSGi blueprint placeholder in Camel

Notice how we use the `blueprint` scheme to refer to the OSGi blueprint placeholder by its id. This allows you to mix and match, for example you can also have additional schemes in the location. For example to load a file from the classpath you can do:

Each location is separated by comma.

#### Overriding Blueprint property placeholders outside CamelContext

Available as of Camel 2.10.4

When using Blueprint property placeholder in the Blueprint XML file, you can declare the properties directly in the XML file as shown below:

Notice that we have a <bean> which refers to one of the properties. And in the Camel route we refer to the other using the {{ }} notation.

Now if you want to override these Blueprint properties from an unit test, you can do this as shown below:

To do this we override and implement the `useOverridePropertiesWithConfigAdmin` method. We can then put the properties we want to override on the given props parameter. And the return value must be the persistence-id of the <cm:property-placeholder> tag, which you define in the blueprint XML file.

#### Using .cfg or .properties file for Blueprint property placeholders

Available as of Camel 2.10.4

When using Blueprint property placeholder in the Blueprint XML file, you can declare the properties in a .properties or .cfg file. If you use Apache ServieMix / Karaf then this container has a convention that it loads the properties from a file in the etc directory with the naming etc/pid.cfg, where pid is the persistence-id.

For example in the blueprint XML file we have the persistence-id="stuff", which mean it will load the configuration file as etc/stuff.cfg.

Now if you want to unit test this blueprint XML file, then you can override the `loadConfigAdminConfigurationFile` and tell Camel which file to load as shown below:

Notice that this method requires to return a String[] with 2 values. The 1st value is the path for the configuration file to load.
The 2nd value is the persistence-id of the <cm:property-placeholder> tag.

The stuff.cfg file is just a plain properties file with the property placeholders such as:

#### Using .cfg file and overriding properties for Blueprint property placeholders

You can do both as well. Here is a complete example. First we have the Blueprint XML file:

And in the unit test class we do as follows:

And the `etc/stuff.cfg` configuration file contains

### Bridging Spring and Camel property placeholders

Available as of Camel 2.10

The Spring Framework does not allow 3rd party frameworks such as Apache Camel to seamless hook into the Spring property placeholder mechanism. However you can easily bridge Spring and Camel by declaring a Spring bean with the type `org.apache.camel.spring.spi.BridgePropertyPlaceholderConfigurer`, which is a Spring `org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer` type.

To bridge Spring and Camel you must define a single bean as shown below:

Bridging Spring and Camel property placeholders

You must not use the spring <context:property-placeholder> namespace at the same time; this is not possible.

After declaring this bean, you can define property placeholders using both the Spring style, and the Camel style within the <camelContext> tag as shown below:

Using bridge property placeholders

Notice how the hello bean is using pure Spring property placeholders using the ${ } notation. And in the Camel routes we use the Camel placeholder notation with {{ }}.

#### Clashing Spring property placeholders with Camels Simple language

Take notice when using Spring bridging placeholder then the spring ${ } syntax clashes with the Simple in Camel, and therefore take care. For example:

clashes with Spring property placeholders, and you should use $simple{ } to indicate using the Simple language in Camel.

An alternative is to configure the `PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer` with `ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders` option to `true`.

### Overriding properties from Camel test kit

Available as of Camel 2.10

When Testing with Camel and using the Properties component, you may want to be able to provide the properties to be used from directly within the unit test source code.
This is now possible from Camel 2.10 onwards, as the Camel test kits, eg `CamelTestSupport` class offers the following methods

- useOverridePropertiesWithPropertiesComponent
- ignoreMissingLocationWithPropertiesComponent

So for example in your unit test classes, you can override the `useOverridePropertiesWithPropertiesComponent` method and return a `java.util.Properties` that contains the properties which should be preferred to be used.

Providing properties from within unit test source

This can be done from any of the Camel Test kits, such as camel-test, camel-test-spring, and camel-test-blueprint.

The `ignoreMissingLocationWithPropertiesComponent` can be used to instruct Camel to ignore any locations which was not discoverable, for example if you run the unit test, in an environment that does not have access to the location of the properties.

### Using @PropertyInject

Available as of Camel 2.12

Camel allows to inject property placeholders in POJOs using the @PropertyInject annotation which can be set on fields and setter methods.
For example you can use that with `RouteBuilder` classes, such as shown below:

Notice we have annotated the greeting field with @PropertyInject and define it to use the key "hello". Camel will then lookup the property with this key and inject its value, converted to a String type.

You can also use multiple placeholders and text in the key, for example we can do:

This will lookup the placeholder with they key "name".

You can also add a default value if the key does not exists, such as:

### Using out of the box functions

Available as of Camel 2.14.1

The Properties component includes the following functions out of the box

- env - A function to lookup the property from OS environment variables
- sys - A function to lookup the property from Java JVM system properties
- service - A function to lookup the property from OS environment variables using the service naming idiom

As you can see these functions is intended to make it easy to lookup values from the environment. As they are provided out of the box, they can easily be used as shown below:

You can use default values as well, so if the property does not exists, you can define a default value as shown below, where the default value is a log:foo and log:bar value.

The service function is for looking up a service which is defined using OS environment variables using the service naming idiom, to refer to a service location using hostname : port

- NAME_SERVICE_HOST
- NAME_SERVICE_PORT

in other words the service uses _SERVICE_HOST and _SERVICE_PORT as prefix. So if the service is named FOO, then the OS environment variables should be set as

For example if the FOO service a remote HTTP service, then we can refer to the service in the Camel endpoint uri, and use the HTTP component to make the HTTP call:

And we can use default values if the service has not been defined, for example to call a service on localhost, maybe for unit testing etc

### Using custom functions

Available as of Camel 2.14.1

The Properties component allow to plugin 3rd party functions which can be used during parsing of the property placeholders. These functions are then able to do custom logic to resolve the placeholders, such as looking up in databases, do custom computations, or whatnot. The name of the function becomes the prefix used in the placeholder. This is best illustrated in the example code below

Here we have a Camel XML route where we have defined the <propertyPlaceholder> to use a custom function, which we refer to be the bean id - eg the beerFunction. As the beer function uses "beer" as its name, then the placeholder syntax can trigger the beer function by starting with beer:value.

The implementation of the function is only two methods as shown below:

The function must implement the `org.apache.camel.component.properties.PropertiesFunction` interface. The method `getName` is the name of the function, eg beer. And the `apply` method is where we implement the custom logic to do. As the sample code is from an unit test, it just returns a value to refer to a mock endpoint.

To register a custom function from Java code is as shown below:

## See Also

- Properties component

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Jasypt for using encrypted values (eg passwords) in the properties

## Ref Component

The ref: component is used for lookup of existing endpoints bound in the Registry.

### URI format

Where someName is the name of an endpoint in the Registry (usually, but not always, the Spring registry). If you are using the Spring registry, `someName` would be the bean ID of an endpoint in the Spring registry.

### Runtime lookup

This component can be used when you need dynamic discovery of endpoints in the Registry where you can compute the URI at runtime. Then you can look up the endpoint using the following code:

And you could have a list of endpoints defined in the Registry such as:

### Sample

In the sample below we use the `ref:` in the URI to reference the endpoint with the spring ID, `endpoint2`:

You could, of course, have used the `ref` attribute instead:

Which is the more common way to write it.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Restlet Component

The Restlet component provides Restlet based endpoints for consuming and producing RESTful resources.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Format of restletUrl:

Restlet promotes decoupling of protocol and application concerns. The reference implementation of Restlet Engine supports a number of protocols. However, we have tested the HTTP protocol only. The default port is port 80. We do not automatically switch default port based on the protocol yet.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

It seems Restlet is case sensitive in understanding headers. For example to use content-type, use Content-Type, and for location use Location and so on.

We have received a report about drop in performance in camel-restlet in Camel 2.14.0 and 2.14.1. We have reported this to the Restlet team in issue 996. To remedy the issue then from Camel 2.14.2 onwards you can set synchronous=true as option on the endpoint uris, Or set it on the RestletComponent as a global option so all endpoints inherit this option.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`headerFilterStrategy=#`refName | An instance of `RestletHeaderFilterStrategy` | Use the `#` notation (`headerFilterStrategy=#`refName) to reference a header filter strategy in the Camel Registry. The strategy will be plugged into the restlet binding if it is `HeaderFilterStrategyAware`.
`restletBinding=#`refName | An instance of `DefaultRestletBinding` | The bean ID of a `RestletBinding` object in the Camel Registry.
`restletMethod` | `GET` | On a producer endpoint, specifies the request method to use. On a consumer endpoint, specifies that the endpoint consumes only `restletMethod` requests. The string value is converted to org.restlet.data.Method by the `Method.valueOf(String)` method.
`restletMethods` | None | Consumer only Specify one or more methods separated by commas (e.g. `restletMethods=post,put`) to be serviced by a restlet consumer endpoint. If both `restletMethod` and `restletMethods` options are specified, the `restletMethod` setting is ignored.
`restletRealm=#`refName | `null` | The bean ID of the Realm Map in the Camel Registry.
`restletUriPatterns=#`refName | None | Consumer only Specify one ore more URI templates to be serviced by a restlet consumer endpoint, using the `#` notation to reference a `List<String>` in the Camel Registry. If a URI pattern has been defined in the endpoint URI, both the URI pattern defined in the endpoint and the `restletUriPatterns` option will be honored.
`throwExceptionOnFailure` (2.6 or later) | `true` | *Producer only * Throws exception on a producer failure.
`connectionTimeout` | 300000 | Since Camel 2.12.3 Producer only The Client will give up connection if the connection is timeout, 0 for unlimited wait.
`socketTimeout` | 300000 | Since Camel 2.12.3 Producer only The Client socket receive timeout, 0 for unlimited wait.
`disableStreamCache` | `false` | Camel 2.14: Determines whether or not the raw input stream from Jetty is cached or not (Camel will read the stream into a in memory/overflow to file, Stream caching) cache. By default Camel will cache the Jetty input stream to support reading it multiple times to ensure it Camel can retrieve all data from the stream. However you can set this option to `true` when you for example need to access the raw stream, such as streaming it directly to a file or other persistent store. DefaultRestletBinding will copy the request input stream into a stream cache and put it into message body if this option is `false` to support reading the stream multiple times.

### Component Options

The Restlet component can be configured with the following options. Notice these are component options and cannot be configured on the endpoint, see further below for an example.

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`controllerDaemon` | `true` | Camel 2.10: Indicates if the controller thread should be a daemon (not blocking JVM exit).
`controllerSleepTimeMs` | `100` | Camel 2.10: Time for the controller thread to sleep between each control.
`inboundBufferSize` | `8192` | Camel 2.10: The size of the buffer when reading messages.
`minThreads` | `1` | Camel 2.10: Minimum threads waiting to service requests.
`maxThreads` | `10` | Camel 2.10: Maximum threads that will service requests.
`lowThreads` | 8 | Camel 2.13: Number of worker threads determining when the connector is considered overloaded.
`maxQueued` | 0 | Camel 2.13: Maximum number of calls that can be queued if there aren't any worker thread available to service them. If the value is '0', then no queue is used and calls are rejected if no worker thread is immediately available. If the value is '-1', then an unbounded queue is used and calls are never rejected.
`maxConnectionsPerHost` | `-1` | Camel 2.10: Maximum number of concurrent connections per host (IP address).
`maxTotalConnections` | `-1` | Camel 2.10: Maximum number of concurrent connections in total.
`outboundBufferSize` | `8192` | Camel 2.10: The size of the buffer when writing messages.
`persistingConnections` | `true` | Camel 2.10: Indicates if connections should be kept alive after a call.
`pipeliningConnections` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Indicates if pipelining connections are supported.
`threadMaxIdleTimeMs` | `60000` | Camel 2.10: Time for an idle thread to wait for an operation before being collected.
`useForwardedForHeader` | `false` | Camel 2.10: Lookup the "X-Forwarded-For" header supported by popular proxies and caches and uses it to populate the Request.getClientAddresses() method result. This information is only safe for intermediary components within your local network. Other addresses could easily be changed by setting a fake header and should not be trusted for serious security checks.
`reuseAddress` | `true` | Camel 2.10.5/2.11.1: Enable/disable the SO_REUSEADDR socket option. See java.io.ServerSocket#reuseAddress property for additional details.
`disableStreamCache` | `false` | Camel 2.14: Determines whether or not the raw input stream from Jetty is cached or not (Camel will read the stream into a in memory/overflow to file, Stream caching) cache. By default Camel will cache the Jetty input stream to support reading it multiple times to ensure it Camel can retrieve all data from the stream. However you can set this option to `true` when you for example need to access the raw stream, such as streaming it directly to a file or other persistent store. DefaultRestletBinding will copy the request input stream into a stream cache and put it into message body if this option is `false` to support reading the stream multiple times.

### Message Headers

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`Content-Type` | `String` | Specifies the content type, which can be set on the OUT message by the application/processor. The value is the `content-type` of the response message. If this header is not set, the content type is based on the object type of the OUT message body. In Camel 2.3 onward, if the Content-Type header is specified in the Camel IN message, the value of the header determine the content type for the Restlet request message. Otherwise, it is defaulted to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded'. Prior to release 2.3, it is not possible to change the request content type default.
`CamelAcceptContentType` | `String` | Since Camel 2.9.3, 2.10.0: The HTTP Accept request header.
`CamelHttpMethod` | `String` | The HTTP request method. This is set in the IN message header.
`CamelHttpQuery` | `String` | The query string of the request URI. It is set on the IN message by `DefaultRestletBinding` when the restlet component receives a request.
`CamelHttpResponseCode` | `String` or `Integer` | The response code can be set on the OUT message by the application/processor. The value is the response code of the response message. If this header is not set, the response code is set by the restlet runtime engine.
`CamelHttpUri` | `String` | The HTTP request URI. This is set in the IN message header.
`CamelRestletLogin` | `String` | Login name for basic authentication. It is set on the IN message by the application and gets filtered before the restlet request header by Camel.
`CamelRestletPassword` | `String` | Password name for basic authentication. It is set on the IN message by the application and gets filtered before the restlet request header by Camel.
`CamelRestletRequest` | `Request` | Camel 2.8: The `org.restlet.Request` object which holds all request details.
`CamelRestletResponse` | `Response` | Camel 2.8: The `org.restlet.Response` object. You can use this to create responses using the API from Restlet. See examples below.
`org.restlet.*` |  | Attributes of a Restlet message that get propagated to Camel IN headers.
`cache-control` | `String` or `List<CacheDirective>` | Camel 2.11: User can set the cache-control with the String value or the List of CacheDirective of Restlet from the camel message header.

### Message Body

Camel will store the restlet response from the external server on the OUT body. All headers from the IN message will be copied to the OUT message, so that headers are preserved during routing.

### Samples

#### Restlet Endpoint with Authentication

The following route starts a `restlet` consumer endpoint that listens for `POST` requests on http://localhost:8080. The processor creates a response that echoes the request body and the value of the `id` header.

The `restletRealm` setting in the URI query is used to look up a Realm Map in the registry. If this option is specified, the restlet consumer uses the information to authenticate user logins. Only authenticated requests can access the resources. In this sample, we create a Spring application context that serves as a registry. The bean ID of the Realm Map should match the restletRealmRef.

The following sample starts a `direct` endpoint that sends requests to the server on http://localhost:8080 (that is, our restlet consumer endpoint).

That is all we need. We are ready to send a request and try out the restlet component:

The sample client sends a request to the `direct:start-auth` endpoint with the following headers:

- `CamelRestletLogin` (used internally by Camel)
- `CamelRestletPassword` (used internally by Camel)
- `id` (application header)

Note

`org.apache.camel.restlet.auth.login` and `org.apache.camel.restlet.auth.password` will not be propagated as Restlet header.

The sample client gets a response like the following:

#### Single restlet endpoint to service multiple methods and URI templates

It is possible to create a single route to service multiple HTTP methods using the `restletMethods` option. This snippet also shows how to retrieve the request method from the header:

In addition to servicing multiple methods, the next snippet shows how to create an endpoint that supports multiple URI templates using the `restletUriPatterns` option. The request URI is available in the header of the IN message as well. If a URI pattern has been defined in the endpoint URI (which is not the case in this sample), both the URI pattern defined in the endpoint and the `restletUriPatterns` option will be honored.

The `restletUriPatterns=#uriTemplates` option references the `List<String>` bean defined in the Spring XML configuration.

#### Using Restlet API to populate response

Available as of Camel 2.8

You may want to use the `org.restlet.Response` API to populate the response. This gives you full access to the Restlet API and fine grained control of the response. See the route snippet below where we generate the response from an inlined Camel Processor:

Generating response using Restlet Response API

#### Configuring max threads on component

To configure the max threads options you must do this on the component, such as:

#### Using the Restlet servlet within a webapp

Available as of Camel 2.8
There are three possible ways to configure a Restlet application within a servlet container and using the subclassed SpringServerServlet enables configuration within Camel by injecting the Restlet Component.

Use of the Restlet servlet within a servlet container enables routes to be configured with relative paths in URIs (removing the restrictions of hard-coded absolute URIs) and for the hosting servlet container to handle incoming requests (rather than have to spawn a separate server process on a new port).

To configure, add the following to your camel-context.xml;

And add this to your web.xml;

You will then be able to access the deployed route at http://localhost:8080/mywebapp/rs/demo/1234 where;

localhost:8080 is the server and port of your servlet container
mywebapp is the name of your deployed webapp
Your browser will then show the following content;

You will need to add dependency on the Spring extension to restlet which you can do in your Maven pom.xml file:

And you would need to add dependency on the restlet maven repository as well:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## RMI Component

The rmi: component binds Exchanges to the RMI protocol (JRMP).

Since this binding is just using RMI, normal RMI rules still apply regarding what methods can be invoked. This component supports only Exchanges that carry a method invocation from an interface that extends the Remote interface. All parameters in the method should be either Serializable or `Remote` objects.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

For example:

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`method` | `null` | You can set the name of the method to invoke.
`remoteInterfaces` | `null` | Its now possible to use this option from Camel 2.7: in the XML DSL. It can be a list of interface names separated by comma.

### Using

To call out to an existing RMI service registered in an RMI registry, create a route similar to the following:

To bind an existing camel processor or service in an RMI registry, define an RMI endpoint as follows:

Note that when binding an RMI consumer endpoint, you must specify the `Remote` interfaces exposed.

In XML DSL you can do as follows from Camel 2.7 onwards:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## RSS Component

The rss: component is used for polling RSS feeds. Camel will default poll the feed every 60th seconds.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

Note: The component currently only supports polling (consuming) feeds.

Camel-rss internally uses a patched version of ROME hosted on ServiceMix to solve some OSGi class loading issues.

### URI format

Where `rssUri` is the URI to the RSS feed to poll.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Property | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`splitEntries` | `true` | If `true`, Camel splits a feed into its individual entries and returns each entry, poll by poll. For example, if a feed contains seven entries, Camel returns the first entry on the first poll, the second entry on the second poll, and so on. When no more entries are left in the feed, Camel contacts the remote RSS URI to obtain a new feed. If `false`, Camel obtains a fresh feed on every poll and returns all of the feed's entries.
`filter` | `true` | Use in combination with the `splitEntries` option in order to filter returned entries. By default, Camel applies the `UpdateDateFilter` filter, which returns only new entries from the feed, ensuring that the consumer endpoint never receives an entry more than once. The filter orders the entries chronologically, with the newest returned last.
`throttleEntries` | `true` | Camel 2.5: Sets whether all entries identified in a single feed poll should be delivered immediately. If true, only one entry is processed per consumer.delay. Only applicable when splitEntries is set to true.
`lastUpdate` | `null` | Use in combination with the `filter` option to block entries earlier than a specific date/time (uses the `entry.updated` timestamp). The format is: `yyyy-MM-ddTHH:MM:ss`. Example: `2007-12-24T17:45:59`.
`feedHeader` | `true` | Specifies whether to add the ROME `SyndFeed` object as a header.
`sortEntries` | `false` | If `splitEntries` is `true`, this specifies whether to sort the entries by updated date.
`consumer.delay` | `60000` | Delay in milliseconds between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `1000` | Milliseconds before polling starts.
`consumer.userFixedDelay` | `false` | Set to `true` to use fixed delay between pools, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.
`username` |  | Camel 2.16: For basic authentication when polling from a HTTP feed
`password` |  | Camel 2.16: For basic authentication when polling from a HTTP feed

### Exchange data types

Camel initializes the In body on the Exchange with a ROME `SyndFeed`. Depending on the value of the `splitEntries` flag, Camel returns either a `SyndFeed` with one `SyndEntry` or a `java.util.List` of `SyndEntrys`.

Option | Value | Behavior
--- | --- | ---
`splitEntries` | `true` | A single entry from the current feed is set in the exchange.
`splitEntries` | `false` | The entire list of entries from the current feed is set in the exchange.

### Message Headers

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelRssFeed` | The entire `SyncFeed` object.

### RSS Dataformat

The RSS component ships with an RSS dataformat that can be used to convert between String (as XML) and ROME RSS model objects.

- marshal = from ROME `SyndFeed` to XML `String`
- unmarshal = from XML `String` to ROME `SyndFeed`

A route using this would look something like this:

The purpose of this feature is to make it possible to use Camel's lovely built-in expressions for manipulating RSS messages. As shown below, an XPath expression can be used to filter the RSS message:

Query parameters

If the URL for the RSS feed uses query parameters, this component will understand them as well, for example if the feed uses `alt=rss`, then you can for example do
`from("rss:http://someserver.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss&splitEntries=false&consumer.delay=1000").to("bean:rss");`

### Filtering entries

You can filter out entries quite easily using XPath, as shown in the data format section above. You can also exploit Camel's Bean Integration to implement your own conditions. For instance, a filter equivalent to the XPath example above would be:

The custom bean for this would be:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Atom

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## SEDA Component

The seda: component provides asynchronous SEDA behavior, so that messages are exchanged on a BlockingQueue and consumers are invoked in a separate thread from the producer.

Note that queues are only visible within a single CamelContext. If you want to communicate across `CamelContext` instances (for example, communicating between Web applications), see the VM component.

This component does not implement any kind of persistence or recovery, if the VM terminates while messages are yet to be processed. If you need persistence, reliability or distributed SEDA, try using either JMS or ActiveMQ.

Synchronous

The Direct component provides synchronous invocation of any consumers when a producer sends a message exchange.

### URI format

Where someName can be any string that uniquely identifies the endpoint within the current CamelContext.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format: `?option=value&option=value&…`

### Options

Name | Since | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`size` |  |  | The maximum capacity of the SEDA queue (i.e., the number of messages it can hold). The default value in Camel 2.2 or older is `1000`. From Camel 2.3 onwards, the size is unbounded by default. Notice: Mind if you use this option, then its the first endpoint being created with the queue name, that determines the size. To make sure all endpoints use same size, then configure the size option on all of them, or the first endpoint being created. From Camel 2.11 onwards, a validation is taken place to ensure if using mixed queue sizes for the same queue name, Camel would detect this and fail creating the endpoint.
`concurrentConsumers` |  | `1` | Number of concurrent threads processing exchanges.
`waitForTaskToComplete` |  | `IfReplyExpected` | Option to specify whether the caller should wait for the async task to complete or not before continuing. The following three options are supported: `Always`, `Never` or `IfReplyExpected`. The first two values are self-explanatory. The last value, `IfReplyExpected`, will only wait if the message is Request Reply based. The default option is `IfReplyExpected`. See more information about Async messaging.
`timeout` |  | `30000` | Timeout (in milliseconds) before a SEDA producer will stop waiting for an asynchronous task to complete. See `waitForTaskToComplete` and Async for more details. In Camel 2.2 you can now disable timeout by using 0 or a negative value.
`multipleConsumers` | 2.2 | `false` | Specifies whether multiple consumers are allowed. If enabled, you can use SEDA for Publish-Subscribe messaging. That is, you can send a message to the SEDA queue and have each consumer receive a copy of the message. When enabled, this option should be specified on every consumer endpoint.
`limitConcurrentConsumers` | 2.3 | `true` | Whether to limit the number of `concurrentConsumers` to the maximum of `500`. By default, an exception will be thrown if a SEDA endpoint is configured with a greater number. You can disable that check by turning this option off.
`blockWhenFull` | 2.9 | `false` | Whether a thread that sends messages to a full SEDA queue will block until the queue's capacity is no longer exhausted. By default, an exception will be thrown stating that the queue is full. By enabling this option, the calling thread will instead block and wait until the message can be accepted.
`queueSize` | 2.9 |  | Component only: The maximum default size (capacity of the number of messages it can hold) of the SEDA queue. This option is used if `size` is not in use.
`pollTimeout` | 2.9.3 | `1000` | Consumer only – The timeout used when polling. When a timeout occurs, the consumer can check whether it is allowed to continue running. Setting a lower value allows the consumer to react more quickly upon shutdown.
`purgeWhenStopping` | 2.11.1 | `false` | Whether to purge the task queue when stopping the consumer/route. This allows to stop faster, as any pending messages on the queue is discarded.
`queue` | 2.12.0 | null | Define the queue instance which will be used by seda endpoint
`queueFactory` | 2.12.0 | null | Define the QueueFactory which could create the queue for the seda endpoint
`failIfNoConsumers` | 2.12.0 | false | Whether the producer should fail by throwing an exception, when sending to a SEDA queue with no active consumers. Only one of the options discardIfNoConsumers and failIfNoConsumers can be enabled at the same time.
`discardIfNoConsumers` | 2.16 | `false` | Whether the producer should discard the message (do not add the message to the queue), when sending to a SEDA queue with no active consumers. Only one of the options discardIfNoConsumers and failIfNoConsumers can be enabled at the same time.

### Choosing BlockingQueue implementation

Available as of Camel 2.12

By default, the SEDA component always intantiates LinkedBlockingQueue, but you can use different implementation, you can reference your own BlockingQueue implementation, in this case the size option is not used

Or you can reference a BlockingQueueFactory implementation, 3 implementations are provided LinkedBlockingQueueFactory, ArrayBlockingQueueFactory and PriorityBlockingQueueFactory:

### Use of Request Reply

The SEDA component supports using Request Reply, where the caller will wait for the Async route to complete. For instance:

In the route above, we have a TCP listener on port 9876 that accepts incoming requests. The request is routed to the `seda:input` queue. As it is a Request Reply message, we wait for the response. When the consumer on the `seda:input` queue is complete, it copies the response to the original message response.

until 2.2: Works only with 2 endpoints

Using Request Reply over SEDA or VM only works with 2 endpoints. You cannot chain endpoints by sending to A -> B -> C etc. Only between A -> B. The reason is the implementation logic is fairly simple. To support 3+ endpoints makes the logic much more complex to handle ordering and notification between the waiting threads properly.

This has been improved in Camel 2.3 onwards, which allows you to chain as many endpoints as you like.

### Concurrent consumers

By default, the SEDA endpoint uses a single consumer thread, but you can configure it to use concurrent consumer threads. So instead of thread pools you can use:

As for the difference between the two, note a thread pool can increase/shrink dynamically at runtime depending on load, whereas the number of concurrent consumers is always fixed.

### Thread pools

Be aware that adding a thread pool to a SEDA endpoint by doing something like:

Can wind up with two `BlockQueues`: one from the SEDA endpoint, and one from the workqueue of the thread pool, which may not be what you want. Instead, you might wish to configure a Direct endpoint with a thread pool, which can process messages both synchronously and asynchronously. For example:

You can also directly configure number of threads that process messages on a SEDA endpoint using the `concurrentConsumers` option.

### Sample

In the route below we use the SEDA queue to send the request to this async queue to be able to send a fire-and-forget message for further processing in another thread, and return a constant reply in this thread to the original caller.

Here we send a Hello World message and expects the reply to be OK.
The "Hello World" message will be consumed from the SEDA queue from another thread for further processing. Since this is from a unit test, it will be sent to a `mock` endpoint where we can do assertions in the unit test.

### Using multipleConsumers

Available as of Camel 2.2

In this example we have defined two consumers and registered them as spring beans.

Since we have specified multipleConsumers=true on the seda foo endpoint we can have those two consumers receive their own copy of the message as a kind of pub-sub style messaging.

As the beans are part of an unit test they simply send the message to a mock endpoint, but notice how we can use @Consume to consume from the seda queue.

### Extracting queue information.

If needed, information such as queue size, etc. can be obtained without using JMX in this fashion:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- VM
- Disruptor
- Direct
- Async

## Servlet Component

The servlet: component provides HTTP based endpoints for consuming HTTP requests that arrive at a HTTP endpoint that is bound to a published Servlet.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

Stream

Servlet is stream based, which means the input it receives is submitted to Camel as a stream. That means you will only be able to read the content of the stream once. If you find a situation where the message body appears to be empty or you need to access the data multiple times (eg: doing multicasting, or redelivery error handling) you should use Stream caching or convert the message body to a `String` which is safe to be read multiple times.

### URI format

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`httpBindingRef` | `null` | Reference to an `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpBinding` in the Registry. A `HttpBinding` implementation can be used to customize how to write a response.
`httpBinding` | `null` | Camel 2.16: Reference to an `org.apache.camel.component.http.HttpBinding` in the Registry. A `HttpBinding` implementation can be used to customize how to write a response.
`matchOnUriPrefix` | `false` | Whether or not the `CamelServlet` should try to find a target consumer by matching the URI prefix, if no exact match is found.
`servletName` | `CamelServlet` | Specifies the servlet name that the servlet endpoint will bind to. This name should match the name you define in `web.xml` file.
`httpMethodRestrict` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Consumer only: Used to only allow consuming if the HttpMethod matches, such as GET/POST/PUT etc. From Camel 2.15 onwards multiple methods can be specified separated by comma.

### Message Headers

Camel will apply the same Message Headers as the HTTP component.

Camel will also populate all `request.parameter` and `request.headers`. For example, if a client request has the URL, `http://myserver/myserver?orderid=123`, the exchange will contain a header named `orderid` with the value 123.

### Usage

You can consume only from endpoints generated by the Servlet component. Therefore, it should be used only as input into your Camel routes. To issue HTTP requests against other HTTP endpoints, use the HTTP Component

### Putting Camel JARs in the app server boot classpath

If you put the Camel JARs such as `camel-core`, `camel-servlet`, etc. in the boot classpath of your application server (eg usually in its lib directory), then mind that the servlet mapping list is now shared between multiple deployed Camel application in the app server.

Mind that putting Camel JARs in the boot classpath of the application server is generally not best practice!

So in those situations you must define a custom and unique servlet name in each of your Camel application, eg in the `web.xml` define:

And in your Camel endpoints then include the servlet name as well

From Camel 2.11 onwards Camel will detect this duplicate and fail to start the application. You can control to ignore this duplicate by setting the servlet init-parameter ignoreDuplicateServletName to true as follows:

But its strongly advised to use unique servlet-name for each Camel application to avoid this duplication clash, as well any unforeseen side-effects.

### Sample

From Camel 2.7 onwards it's easier to use Servlet in Spring web applications. See Servlet Tomcat Example for details.

In this sample, we define a route that exposes a HTTP service at `http://localhost:8080/camel/services/hello`.
First, you need to publish the CamelHttpTransportServlet through the normal Web Container, or OSGi Service.
Use the `Web.xml` file to publish the CamelHttpTransportServlet as follows:

Then you can define your route as follows:

Specify the relative path for camel-servlet endpoint

Since we are binding the Http transport with a published servlet, and we don't know the servlet's application context path, the `camel-servlet` endpoint uses the relative path to specify the endpoint's URL. A client can access the `camel-servlet` endpoint through the servlet publish address: `("http://localhost:8080/camel/services") + RELATIVE_PATH("/hello")`.

#### Sample when using Spring 3.x

See Servlet Tomcat Example

#### Sample when using Spring 2.x

When using the Servlet component in a Camel/Spring application it's often required to load the Spring ApplicationContext after the Servlet component has started. This can be accomplished by using Spring's `ContextLoaderServlet` instead of `ContextLoaderListener`. In that case you'll need to start `ContextLoaderServlet` after CamelHttpTransportServlet like this:

#### Sample when using OSGi

From Camel 2.6.0, you can publish the CamelHttpTransportServlet as an OSGi service with help of SpringDM like this.

Then use this service in your camel route like this:

For versions prior to Camel 2.6 you can use an `Activator` to publish the CamelHttpTransportServlet on the OSGi platform

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Servlet Tomcat Example
- Servlet Tomcat No Spring Example
- HTTP
- Jetty

## Shiro Security Component

Available as of Camel 2.5

The shiro-security component in Camel is a security focused component, based on the Apache Shiro security project.

Apache Shiro is a powerful and flexible open-source security framework that cleanly handles authentication, authorization, enterprise session management and cryptography. The objective of the Apache Shiro project is to provide the most robust and comprehensive application security framework available while also being very easy to understand and extremely simple to use.

This camel shiro-security component allows authentication and authorization support to be applied to different segments of a camel route.

Shiro security is applied on a route using a Camel Policy. A Policy in Camel utilizes a strategy pattern for applying interceptors on Camel Processors. It offering the ability to apply cross-cutting concerns (for example. security, transactions etc) on sections/segments of a camel route.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### Shiro Security Basics

To employ Shiro security on a camel route, a ShiroSecurityPolicy object must be instantiated with security configuration details (including users, passwords, roles etc). This object must then be applied to a camel route. This ShiroSecurityPolicy Object may also be registered in the Camel registry (JNDI or ApplicationContextRegistry) and then utilized on other routes in the Camel Context.

Configuration details are provided to the ShiroSecurityPolicy using an Ini file (properties file) or an Ini object. The Ini file is a standard Shiro configuration file containing user/role details as shown below

### Instantiating a ShiroSecurityPolicy Object

A ShiroSecurityPolicy object is instantiated as follows

### ShiroSecurityPolicy Options

Name | Default Value | Type | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`iniResourcePath or ini` | `none` | Resource String or Ini Object | A mandatory Resource String for the iniResourcePath or an instance of an Ini object must be passed to the security policy. Resources can be acquired from the file system, classpath, or URLs when prefixed with "file:, classpath:, or url:" respectively. For e.g "classpath:shiro.ini"
`passPhrase` | `An AES 128 based key` | byte[] | A passPhrase to decrypt ShiroSecurityToken(s) sent along with Message Exchanges
`alwaysReauthenticate` | `true` | boolean | Setting to ensure re-authentication on every individual request. If set to false, the user is authenticated and locked such than only requests from the same user going forward are authenticated.
`permissionsList` | `none` | List<Permission> | A List of permissions required in order for an authenticated user to be authorized to perform further action i.e continue further on the route. If no Permissions list or Roles List (see below) is provided to the ShiroSecurityPolicy object, then authorization is deemed as not required. Note that the default is that authorization is granted if any of the Permission Objects in the list are applicable.
`rolesList` | `none` | List<String> | Camel 2.13: A List of roles required in order for an authenticated user to be authorized to perform further action i.e continue further on the route. If no roles list or permissions list (see above) is provided to the ShiroSecurityPolicy object, then authorization is deemed as not required. Note that the default is that authorization is granted if any of the roles in the list are applicable.
`cipherService` | `AES` | org.apache.shiro.crypto.CipherService | Shiro ships with AES & Blowfish based CipherServices. You may use one these or pass in your own Cipher implementation
`base64` | `false` | `boolean` | Camel 2.12: To use base64 encoding for the security token header, which allows transferring the header over JMS etc. This option must also be set on `ShiroSecurityTokenInjector` as well.
`allPermissionsRequired` | `false` | `boolean` | Camel 2.13: The default is that authorization is granted if any of the Permission Objects in the permissionsList parameter are applicable. Set this to true to require all of the Permissions to be met.
`allRolesRequired` | `false` | `boolean` | Camel 2.13: The default is that authorization is granted if any of the roles in the rolesList parameter are applicable. Set this to true to require all of the roles to be met.

### Applying Shiro Authentication on a Camel Route

The ShiroSecurityPolicy, tests and permits incoming message exchanges containing a encrypted SecurityToken in the Message Header to proceed further following proper authentication. The SecurityToken object contains a Username/Password details that are used to determine where the user is a valid user.

### Applying Shiro Authorization on a Camel Route

Authorization can be applied on a camel route by associating a Permissions List with the ShiroSecurityPolicy. The Permissions List specifies the permissions necessary for the user to proceed with the execution of the route segment. If the user does not have the proper permission set, the request is not authorized to continue any further.

### Creating a ShiroSecurityToken and injecting it into a Message Exchange

A ShiroSecurityToken object may be created and injected into a Message Exchange using a Shiro Processor called ShiroSecurityTokenInjector. An example of injecting a ShiroSecurityToken using a ShiroSecurityTokenInjector in the client is shown below

### Sending Messages to routes secured by a ShiroSecurityPolicy

Messages and Message Exchanges sent along the camel route where the security policy is applied need to be accompanied by a SecurityToken in the Exchange Header. The SecurityToken is an encrypted object that holds a Username and Password. The SecurityToken is encrypted using AES 128 bit security by default and can be changed to any cipher of your choice.

Given below is an example of how a request may be sent using a ProducerTemplate in Camel along with a SecurityToken

### Sending Messages to routes secured by a ShiroSecurityPolicy (much easier from Camel 2.12 onwards)

From Camel 2.12 onwards its even easier as you can provide the subject in two different ways.

#### Using ShiroSecurityToken

You can send a message to a Camel route with a header of key `ShiroSecurityConstants.SHIRO_SECURITY_TOKEN` of the type `org.apache.camel.component.shiro.security.ShiroSecurityToken` that contains the username and password. For example:

You can also provide the username and password in two different headers as shown below:

When you use the username and password headers, then the ShiroSecurityPolicy in the Camel route will automatic transform those into a single header with key ShiroSecurityConstants.SHIRO_SECURITY_TOKEN with the token. Then token is either a `ShiroSecurityToken` instance, or a base64 representation as a String (the latter is when you have set base64=true).

## SIP Component

Available as of Camel 2.5

The sip component in Camel is a communication component, based on the Jain SIP implementation (available under the JCP license).

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an IETF-defined signaling protocol, widely used for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over Internet Protocol (IP).The SIP protocol is an Application Layer protocol designed to be independent of the underlying transport layer; it can run on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).

The Jain SIP implementation supports TCP and UDP only.

The Camel SIP component only supports the SIP Publish and Subscribe capability as described in the RFC3903 - Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event

This camel component supports both producer and consumer endpoints.

Camel SIP Producers (Event Publishers) and SIP Consumers (Event Subscribers) communicate event & state information to each other using an intermediary entity called a SIP Presence Agent (a stateful brokering entity).

For SIP based communication, a SIP Stack with a listener must be instantiated on both the SIP Producer and Consumer (using separate ports if using localhost). This is necessary in order to support the handshakes & acknowledgements exchanged between the SIP Stacks during communication.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The URI scheme for a sip endpoint is as follows:

This component supports producer and consumer endpoints for both TCP and UDP.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

The SIP Component offers an extensive set of configuration options & capability to create custom stateful headers needed to propagate state via the SIP protocol.

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`stackName` | `NAME_NOT_SET` | Name of the SIP Stack instance associated with an SIP Endpoint.
`transport` | `tcp` | Setting for choice of transport potocol. Valid choices are "tcp" or "udp".
`fromUser` |  | Username of the message originator. Mandatory setting unless a registry based custom FromHeader is specified.
`fromHost` |  | Hostname of the message originator. Mandatory setting unless a registry based FromHeader is specified
`fromPort` |  | Port of the message originator. Mandatory setting unless a registry based FromHeader is specified
`toUser` |  | Username of the message receiver. Mandatory setting unless a registry based custom ToHeader is specified.
`toHost` |  | Hostname of the message receiver. Mandatory setting unless a registry based ToHeader is specified
`toPort` |  | Portname of the message receiver. Mandatory setting unless a registry based ToHeader is specified
`maxforwards` | 0 | the number of intermediaries that may forward the message to the message receiver. Optional setting. May alternatively be set using as registry based MaxForwardsHeader
`eventId` |  | Setting for a String based event Id. Mandatory setting unless a registry based FromHeader is specified
`eventHeaderName` |  | Setting for a String based event Id. Mandatory setting unless a registry based FromHeader is specified
`maxMessageSize` | `1048576` | Setting for maximum allowed Message size in bytes.
`cacheConnections` | `false` | Should connections be cached by the SipStack to reduce cost of connection creation. This is useful if the connection is used for long running conversations.
`consumer` | `false` | This setting is used to determine whether the kind of header (FromHeader,ToHeader etc) that needs to be created for this endpoint
`automaticDialogSupport` | `off` | Setting to specify whether every communication should be associated with a dialog.
`contentType` | `text` | Setting for contentType can be set to any valid MimeType.
`contentSubType` | `xml` | Setting for contentSubType can be set to any valid MimeSubType.
`receiveTimeoutMillis` | `10000` | Setting for specifying amount of time to wait for a Response and/or Acknowledgement can be received from another SIP stack
`useRouterForAllUris` | `false` | This setting is used when requests are sent to the Presence Agent via a proxy.
`msgExpiration` | `3600` | The amount of time a message received at an endpoint is considered valid
`presenceAgent` | `false` | This setting is used to distingish between a Presence Agent & a consumer. This is due to the fact that the SIP Camel component ships with a basic Presence Agent (for testing purposes only). Consumers have to set this flag to true.

### Registry based Options

SIP requires a number of headers to be sent/received as part of a request. These SIP header can be enlisted in the Registry, such as in the Spring XML file.

The values that could be passed in, are the following:

Name | Description
--- | ---
`fromHeader` | a custom Header object containing message originator settings. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.FromHeader
`toHeader` | a custom Header object containing message receiver settings. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.ToHeader
`viaHeaders` | List of custom Header objects of the type javax.sip.header.ViaHeader. Each ViaHeader containing a proxy address for request forwarding. (Note this header is automatically updated by each proxy when the request arrives at its listener)
`contentTypeHeader` | a custom Header object containing message content details. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.ContentTypeHeader
`callIdHeader` | a custom Header object containing call details. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.CallIdHeader
`maxForwardsHeader` | a custom Header object containing details on maximum proxy forwards. This header places a limit on the viaHeaders possible. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.MaxForwardsHeader
`eventHeader` | a custom Header object containing event details. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.EventHeader
`contactHeader` | an optional custom Header object containing verbose contact details (email, phone number etc). Must implement the type javax.sip.header.ContactHeader
`expiresHeader` | a custom Header object containing message expiration details. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.ExpiresHeader
`extensionHeader` | a custom Header object containing user/application specific details. Must implement the type javax.sip.header.ExtensionHeader

### Sending Messages to/from a SIP endpoint

#### Creating a Camel SIP Publisher

In the example below, a SIP Publisher is created to send SIP Event publications to
a user "agent@localhost:5152". This is the address of the SIP Presence Agent which acts as a broker between the SIP Publisher and Subscriber

- using a SIP Stack named client
- using a registry based eventHeader called evtHdrName
- using a registry based eventId called evtId
- from a SIP Stack with Listener set up as user2@localhost:3534
- The Event being published is EVENT_A
- A Mandatory Header called REQUEST_METHOD is set to Request.Publish thereby setting up the endpoint as a Event publisher"

#### Creating a Camel SIP Subscriber

In the example below, a SIP Subscriber is created to receive SIP Event publications sent to
a user "johndoe@localhost:5154"

- using a SIP Stack named Subscriber
- registering with a Presence Agent user called agent@localhost:5152
- using a registry based eventHeader called evtHdrName. The evtHdrName contains the Event which is se to "Event_A"
- using a registry based eventId called evtId

The Camel SIP component also ships with a Presence Agent that is meant to be used for Testing and Demo purposes only. An example of instantiating a Presence Agent is given above.

Note that the Presence Agent is set up as a user agent@localhost:5152 and is capable of communicating with both Publisher as well as Subscriber. It has a separate SIP stackName distinct from Publisher as well as Subscriber. While it is set up as a Camel Consumer, it does not actually send any messages along the route to the endpoint "mock:neverland".

## SMPP Component

Available as of Camel 2.2

This component provides access to an SMSC (Short Message Service Center) over the SMPP protocol to send and receive SMS. The JSMPP library is used for the protocol implementation.

The Camel component currently operates as an ESME (External Short Messaging Entity) and not as an SMSC itself.

Starting with Camel 2.9 you are also able to execute ReplaceSm, QuerySm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### SMS limitations

SMS is neither reliable or secure. Users who require reliable and secure delivery may want to consider using the XMPP or SIP components instead, combined with a smartphone app supporting the chosen protocol.

- Reliability: although the SMPP standard offers a range of feedback mechanisms to indicate errors, non-delivery and confirmation of delivery it is not uncommon for mobile networks to hide or simulate these responses. For example, some networks automatically send a delivery confirmation for every message even if the destination number is invalid or not switched on. Some networks silently drop messages if they think they are spam. Spam detection rules in the network may be very crude, sometimes more than 100 messages per day from a single sender may be considered spam.
- Security: there is basic encryption for the last hop from the radio tower down to the recipient handset. SMS messages are not encrypted or authenticated in any other part of the network. Some operators allow staff in retail outlets or call centres to browse through the SMS message histories of their customers. Message sender identity can be easily forged. Regulators and even the mobile telephone industry itself has cautioned against the use of SMS in two-factor authentication schemes and other purposes where security is important.

While the Camel component makes it as easy as possible to send messages to the SMS network, it can not offer an easy solution to these problems.

## Data coding, alphabet and international character sets

Data coding and alphabet can be specified on a per-message basis. Default values can be specified for the endpoint. It is important to understand the relationship between these options and the way the component acts when more than one value is set.

Data coding is an 8 bit field in the SMPP wire format.

Alphabet corresponds to bits 0-3 of the data coding field. For some types of message, where a message class is used (by setting bit 5 of the data coding field), the lower two bits of the data coding field are not interpreted as alphabet and only bits 2 and 3 impact the alphabet.

Furthermore, current version of the JSMPP library only seems to support bits 2 and 3, assuming that bits 0 and 1 are used for message class. This is why the Alphabet class in JSMPP doesn't support the value 3 (binary 0011) which indicates ISO-8859-1.

Although JSMPP provides a representation of the message class parameter, the Camel component doesn't currently provide a way to set it other than manually setting the corresponding bits in the data coding field.

When setting the data coding field in the outgoing message, the Camel component considers the following values and uses the first one it can find:

- the data coding specified in a header
- the alphabet specified in a header
- the data coding specified in the endpoint configuration (URI parameter)

Older versions of Camel had bugs in support for international character sets. This feature only worked when a single encoding was used for all messages and was troublesome when users wanted to change it on a per-message basis. Users who require this to work should ensure their version of Camel includes the fix for

JIRA Issues Macro: com.atlassian.sal.api.net.ResponseStatusException: Unexpected response received. Status code: 404
.

In addition to trying to send the data coding value to the SMSC, the Camel component also tries to analyze the message body, convert it to a Java String (Unicode) and convert that to a byte array in the corresponding alphabet When deciding which alphabet to use in the byte array, the Camel SMPP component does not consider the data coding value (header or configuration), it only considers the specified alphabet (from either the header or endpoint parameter).

If some characters in the String can't be represented in the chosen alphabet, they may be replaced by the question mark ( ? ) symbol. Users of the API may want to consider checking if their message body can be converted to ISO-8859-1 before passing it to the component and if not, setting the alphabet header to request UCS-2 encoding. If the alphabet and data coding options are not specified at all then the component may try to detect the required encoding and set the data coding for you.

The list of alphabet codes are specified in the SMPP specification v3.4, section 5.2.19. One notable limitation of the SMPP specification is that there is no alphabet code for explicitly requesting use of the GSM 3.38 (7 bit) character set. Choosing the value 0 for the alphabet selects the SMSC default alphabet, this usually means GSM 3.38 but it is not guaranteed. The SMPP gateway Nexmo actually allows the default to be mapped to any other character set with a control panel option. It is suggested that users check with their SMSC operator to confirm exactly which character set is being used as the default.

### Message splitting and throttling

After transforming a message body from a String to a byte array, the Camel component is also responsible for splitting the message into parts (within the 140 byte SMS size limit) before passing it to JSMPP. This is completed automatically.

If the GSM 3.38 alphabet is used, the component will pack up to 160 characters into the 140 byte message body. If an 8 bit character set is used (e.g. ISO-8859-1 for western Europe) then 140 characters will be allowed within the 140 byte message body. If 16 bit UCS-2 encoding is used then just 70 characters fit into each 140 byte message.

Some SMSC providers implement throttling rules. Each part of a message that has been split may be counted separately by the provider's throttling mechanism. The Camel Throttler component can be useful for throttling messages in the SMPP route before handing them to the SMSC.

### URI format

If no username is provided, then Camel will provide the default value `smppclient`.
If no port number is provided, then Camel will provide the default value `2775`.
Camel 2.3: If the protocol name is "smpps", camel-smpp with try to use SSLSocket to init a connection to the server.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### URI Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`password` | `password` | Specifies the password to use to log in to the SMSC.
`systemType` | `cp` | This parameter is used to categorize the type of ESME (External Short Message Entity) that is binding to the SMSC (max. 13 characters).
`dataCoding` | `0` | Camel 2.11 Defines the data coding according the SMPP 3.4 specification, section 5.2.19. (Prior to Camel 2.9, this option is also supported.) Example data encodings are: `0`: SMSC Default Alphabet `3`: Latin 1 (ISO-8859-1) `4`: Octet unspecified (8-bit binary) `8`: UCS2 (ISO/IEC-10646) `13`: Extended Kanji JIS(X 0212-1990)
`alphabet` | `0` | Camel 2.5 Defines encoding of data according the SMPP 3.4 specification, section 5.2.19. This option is mapped to `Alphabet.java` and used to create the `byte[]` which is send to the SMSC. Example alphabets are: `0`: SMSC Default Alphabet `4`: 8 bit Alphabet `8`: UCS2 Alphabet
`encoding` | `ISO-8859-1` | only for SubmitSm, ReplaceSm and SubmitMulti Defines the encoding scheme of the short message user data.
`enquireLinkTimer` | `5000` | Defines the interval in milliseconds between the confidence checks. The confidence check is used to test the communication path between an ESME and an SMSC.
`transactionTimer` | `10000` | Defines the maximum period of inactivity allowed after a transaction, after which an SMPP entity may assume that the session is no longer active. This timer may be active on either communicating SMPP entity (i.e. SMSC or ESME).
`initialReconnectDelay` | `5000` | Defines the initial delay in milliseconds after the consumer/producer tries to reconnect to the SMSC, after the connection was lost.
`reconnectDelay` | `5000` | Defines the interval in milliseconds between the reconnect attempts, if the connection to the SMSC was lost and the previous was not succeed.
`registeredDelivery` | `1` | only for SubmitSm, ReplaceSm, SubmitMulti and DataSm Is used to request an SMSC delivery receipt and/or SME originated acknowledgements. The following values are defined: `0`: No SMSC delivery receipt requested. `1`: SMSC delivery receipt requested where final delivery outcome is success or failure. `2`: SMSC delivery receipt requested where the final delivery outcome is delivery failure.
`serviceType` | `CMT` | The service type parameter can be used to indicate the SMS Application service associated with the message. The following generic service_types are defined: `CMT`: Cellular Messaging `CPT`: Cellular Paging `VMN`: Voice Mail Notification `VMA`: Voice Mail Alerting `WAP`: Wireless Application Protocol `USSD`: Unstructured Supplementary Services Data
`sourceAddr` | `1616` | Defines the address of SME (Short Message Entity) which originated this message.
`destAddr` | `1717` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm Defines the destination SME address. For mobile terminated messages, this is the directory number of the recipient MS.
`sourceAddrTon` | `0` | Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the SME originator address parameters. The following TON values are defined: `0`: Unknown `1`: International `2`: National `3`: Network Specific `4`: Subscriber Number `5`: Alphanumeric `6`: Abbreviated
`destAddrTon` | `0` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the SME destination address parameters. Same as the `sourceAddrTon` values defined above.
`sourceAddrNpi` | `0` | Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the SME originator address parameters. The following NPI values are defined: `0`: Unknown `1`: ISDN (E163/E164) `2`: Data (X.121) `3`: Telex (F.69) `6`: Land Mobile (E.212) `8`: National `9`: Private `10`: ERMES `13`: Internet (IP) `18`: WAP Client Id (to be defined by WAP Forum)
`destAddrNpi` | `0` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the SME destination address parameters. Same as the `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`priorityFlag` | `1` | only for SubmitSm and SubmitMulti Allows the originating SME to assign a priority level to the short message. Four Priority Levels are supported: `0`: Level 0 (lowest) priority `1`: Level 1 priority `2`: Level 2 priority `3`: Level 3 (highest) priority
`replaceIfPresentFlag` | `0` | only for SubmitSm and SubmitMulti Used to request the SMSC to replace a previously submitted message, that is still pending delivery. The SMSC will replace an existing message provided that the source address, destination address and service type match the same fields in the new message. The following replace if present flag values are defined: `0`: Don't replace `1`: Replace
`typeOfNumber` | `0` | Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the SME. Use the `sourceAddrTon` values defined above.
`numberingPlanIndicator` | `0` | Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the SME. Use the `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`lazySessionCreation` | `false` | Camel 2.8 onwards Sessions can be lazily created to avoid exceptions, if the SMSC is not available when the Camel producer is started. Camel 2.11 onwards Camel will check the in message headers 'CamelSmppSystemId' and 'CamelSmppPassword' of the first exchange. If they are present, Camel will use these data to connect to the SMSC.
`httpProxyHost` | `null` | Camel 2.9.1: If you need to tunnel SMPP through a HTTP proxy, set this attribute to the hostname or ip address of your HTTP proxy.
`httpProxyPort` | `3128` | Camel 2.9.1: If you need to tunnel SMPP through a HTTP proxy, set this attribute to the port of your HTTP proxy.
`httpProxyUsername` | `null` | Camel 2.9.1: If your HTTP proxy requires basic authentication, set this attribute to the username required for your HTTP proxy.
`httpProxyPassword` | `null` | Camel 2.9.1: If your HTTP proxy requires basic authentication, set this attribute to the password required for your HTTP proxy.
`sessionStateListener` | `null` | Camel 2.9.3: You can refer to a `org.jsmpp.session.SessionStateListener` in the `Registry` to receive callbacks when the session state changed.
`addressRange` | `""` | Camel 2.11: You can specify the address range for the `SmppConsumer` as defined in section 5.2.7 of the SMPP 3.4 specification. The `SmppConsumer` will receive messages only from SMSC's which target an address (MSISDN or IP address) within this range.
splittingPolicy | ALLOW | Camel 2.14.1 and 2.15.0: You can specify a policy for handling long messages: ALLOW - the default, long messages are split to 140 bytes per message TRUNCATE - long messages are split and only the first fragment will be sent to the SMSC. Some carriers drop subsequent fragments so this reduces load on the SMPP connection sending parts of a message that will never be delivered. REJECT - if a message would need to be split, it is rejected with an SMPP NegativeResponseException and the reason code signifying the message is too long.

You can have as many of these options as you like.

### Producer Message Headers

The following message headers can be used to affect the behavior of the SMPP producer

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelSmppDestAddr` | `List`/`String` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm Defines the destination SME address(es). For mobile terminated messages, this is the directory number of the recipient MS. Is must be a `List<String>` for SubmitMulti and a `String` otherwise.
`CamelSmppDestAddrTon` | `Byte` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the SME destination address parameters. Use the `sourceAddrTon` URI option values defined above.
`CamelSmppDestAddrNpi` | `Byte` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti, CancelSm and DataSm Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the SME destination address parameters. Use the URI option `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`CamelSmppSourceAddr` | `String` | Defines the address of SME (Short Message Entity) which originated this message.
`CamelSmppSourceAddrTon` | `Byte` | Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the SME originator address parameters. Use the `sourceAddrTon` URI option values defined above.
`CamelSmppSourceAddrNpi` | `Byte` | Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the SME originator address parameters. Use the URI option `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`CamelSmppServiceType` | `String` | The service type parameter can be used to indicate the SMS Application service associated with the message. Use the URI option `serviceType` settings above.
`CamelSmppRegisteredDelivery` | `Byte` | only for SubmitSm, ReplaceSm, SubmitMulti and DataSm Is used to request an SMSC delivery receipt and/or SME originated acknowledgements. Use the URI option `registeredDelivery` settings above.
`CamelSmppPriorityFlag` | `Byte` | only for SubmitSm and SubmitMulti Allows the originating SME to assign a priority level to the short message. Use the URI option `priorityFlag` settings above.
`CamelSmppScheduleDeliveryTime` | `Date` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and ReplaceSm This parameter specifies the scheduled time at which the message delivery should be first attempted. It defines either the absolute date and time or relative time from the current SMSC time at which delivery of this message will be attempted by the SMSC. It can be specified in either absolute time format or relative time format. The encoding of a time format is specified in chapter 7.1.1. in the smpp specification v3.4.
`CamelSmppValidityPeriod` | `String`/`Date` | only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and ReplaceSm The validity period parameter indicates the SMSC expiration time, after which the message should be discarded if not delivered to the destination. If it's provided as `Date`, it's interpreted as absolute time. Camel 2.9.1 onwards: It can be defined in absolute time format or relative time format if you provide it as `String` as specified in chapter 7.1.1 in the smpp specification v3.4.
`CamelSmppReplaceIfPresentFlag` | `Byte` | only for SubmitSm and SubmitMulti The replace if present flag parameter is used to request the SMSC to replace a previously submitted message, that is still pending delivery. The SMSC will replace an existing message provided that the source address, destination address and service type match the same fields in the new message. The following values are defined: `0`: Don't replace `1`: Replace
`CamelSmppAlphabet` / `CamelSmppDataCoding` | `Byte` | Camel 2.5 For SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and ReplaceSm (Prior to Camel 2.9 use `CamelSmppDataCoding` instead of `CamelSmppAlphabet`.) The data coding according to the SMPP 3.4 specification, section 5.2.19. Use the URI option `alphabet` settings above.
`CamelSmppOptionalParameters` | `Map<String, String>` | Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 2.13.0/3.0.0 Camel 2.10.5 and 2.11.1 onwards and only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and DataSm The optional parameters send back by the SMSC.
`CamelSmppOptionalParameter` | `Map<Short, Object>` | Camel 2.10.7 and 2.11.2 onwards and only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and DataSm The optional parameter which are send to the SMSC. The value is converted in the following way: `String` -> `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.COctetString` `byte[]` -> `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.OctetString` `Byte` -> `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Byte` `Integer` -> `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Int` `Short` -> `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Short` `null` -> `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Null`
CamelSmppEncoding | String | Camel 2.14.1 and Camel 2.15.0 onwards and only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and DataSm. Specifies the encoding (character set name) of the bytes in the message body. If the message body is a string then this is not relevant because Java Strings are always Unicode. If the body is a byte array then this header can be used to indicate that it is ISO-8859-1 or some other value. Default value is specified by the endpoint configuration parameter encoding
CamelSmppSplittingPolicy | String | Camel 2.14.1 and Camel 2.15.0 onwards and only for SubmitSm, SubmitMulti and DataSm. Specifies the policy for message splitting for this exchange. Possible values are described in the endpoint configuration parameter splittingPolicy

The following message headers are used by the SMPP producer to set the response from the SMSC in the message header

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelSmppId` | `List<String>`/`String` | The id to identify the submitted short message(s) for later use. From Camel 2.9.0: In case of a ReplaceSm, QuerySm, CancelSm and DataSm this header vaule is a `String`. In case of a SubmitSm or SubmitMultiSm this header vaule is a `List<String>`.
`CamelSmppSentMessageCount` | `Integer` | From Camel 2.9 onwards only for SubmitSm and SubmitMultiSm The total number of messages which has been sent.
`CamelSmppError` | `Map<String, List<Map<String, Object>>>` | From Camel 2.9 onwards only for SubmitMultiSm The errors which occurred by sending the short message(s) the form `Map<String, List<Map<String, Object>>>` (messageID : (destAddr : address, error : errorCode)).
`CamelSmppOptionalParameters` | `Map<String, String>` | Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 2.13.0/3.0.0 From Camel 2.11.1 onwards only for DataSm The optional parameters which are returned from the SMSC by sending the message.
`CamelSmppOptionalParameter` | `Map<Short, Object>` | From Camel 2.10.7, 2.11.2 onwards only for DataSm The optional parameter which are returned from the SMSC by sending the message. The key is the `Short` code for the optional parameter. The value is converted in the following way: `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.COctetString` -> `String` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.OctetString` -> `byte[]` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Byte` -> `Byte` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Int` -> `Integer` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Short` -> `Short` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Null` -> `null`

### Consumer Message Headers

The following message headers are used by the SMPP consumer to set the request data from the SMSC in the message header

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelSmppSequenceNumber` | `Integer` | only for AlertNotification, DeliverSm and DataSm A sequence number allows a response PDU to be correlated with a request PDU. The associated SMPP response PDU must preserve this field.
`CamelSmppCommandId` | `Integer` | only for AlertNotification, DeliverSm and DataSm The command id field identifies the particular SMPP PDU. For the complete list of defined values see chapter 5.1.2.1 in the smpp specification v3.4.
`CamelSmppSourceAddr` | `String` | only for AlertNotification, DeliverSm and DataSm Defines the address of SME (Short Message Entity) which originated this message.
`CamelSmppSourceAddrNpi` | `Byte` | only for AlertNotification and DataSm Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the SME originator address parameters. Use the URI option `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`CamelSmppSourceAddrTon` | `Byte` | only for AlertNotification and DataSm Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the SME originator address parameters. Use the `sourceAddrTon` URI option values defined above.
`CamelSmppEsmeAddr` | `String` | only for AlertNotification Defines the destination ESME address. For mobile terminated messages, this is the directory number of the recipient MS.
`CamelSmppEsmeAddrNpi` | `Byte` | only for AlertNotification Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) to be used in the ESME originator address parameters. Use the URI option `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`CamelSmppEsmeAddrTon` | `Byte` | only for AlertNotification Defines the type of number (TON) to be used in the ESME originator address parameters. Use the `sourceAddrTon` URI option values defined above.
`CamelSmppId` | `String` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt and DataSm The message ID allocated to the message by the SMSC when originally submitted.
`CamelSmppDelivered` | `Integer` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt Number of short messages delivered. This is only relevant where the original message was submitted to a distribution list.The value is padded with leading zeros if necessary.
`CamelSmppDoneDate` | `Date` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt The time and date at which the short message reached it's final state. The format is as follows: YYMMDDhhmm.
`CamelSmppFinalStatus` | `DeliveryReceiptState` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt: The final status of the message. The following values are defined: `DELIVRD`: Message is delivered to destination `EXPIRED`: Message validity period has expired. `DELETED`: Message has been deleted. `UNDELIV`: Message is undeliverable `ACCEPTD`: Message is in accepted state (i.e. has been manually read on behalf of the subscriber by customer service) `UNKNOWN`: Message is in invalid state `REJECTD`: Message is in a rejected state
`CamelSmppCommandStatus` | `Integer` | only for DataSm The Command status of the message.
`CamelSmppError` | `String` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt Where appropriate this may hold a Network specific error code or an SMSC error code for the attempted delivery of the message. These errors are Network or SMSC specific and are not included here.
`CamelSmppSubmitDate` | `Date` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt The time and date at which the short message was submitted. In the case of a message which has been replaced, this is the date that the original message was replaced. The format is as follows: YYMMDDhhmm.
`CamelSmppSubmitted` | `Integer` | only for smsc DeliveryReceipt Number of short messages originally submitted. This is only relevant when the original message was submitted to a distribution list.The value is padded with leading zeros if necessary.
`CamelSmppDestAddr` | `String` | only for DeliverSm and DataSm: Defines the destination SME address. For mobile terminated messages, this is the directory number of the recipient MS.
`CamelSmppScheduleDeliveryTime` | `String` | only for DeliverSm: This parameter specifies the scheduled time at which the message delivery should be first attempted. It defines either the absolute date and time or relative time from the current SMSC time at which delivery of this message will be attempted by the SMSC. It can be specified in either absolute time format or relative time format. The encoding of a time format is specified in Section 7.1.1. in the smpp specification v3.4.
`CamelSmppValidityPeriod` | `String` | only for DeliverSm The validity period parameter indicates the SMSC expiration time, after which the message should be discarded if not delivered to the destination. It can be defined in absolute time format or relative time format. The encoding of absolute and relative time format is specified in Section 7.1.1 in the smpp specification v3.4.
`CamelSmppServiceType` | `String` | only for DeliverSm and DataSm The service type parameter indicates the SMS Application service associated with the message.
`CamelSmppRegisteredDelivery` | `Byte` | only for DataSm Is used to request an delivery receipt and/or SME originated acknowledgements. Same values as in Producer header list above.
`CamelSmppDestAddrNpi` | `Byte` | only for DataSm Defines the numeric plan indicator (NPI) in the destination address parameters. Use the URI option `sourceAddrNpi` values defined above.
`CamelSmppDestAddrTon` | `Byte` | only for DataSm Defines the type of number (TON) in the destination address parameters. Use the `sourceAddrTon` URI option values defined above.
`CamelSmppMessageType` | `String` | Camel 2.6 onwards: Identifies the type of an incoming message: `AlertNotification`: an SMSC alert notification `DataSm`: an SMSC data short message `DeliveryReceipt`: an SMSC delivery receipt `DeliverSm`: an SMSC deliver short message
`CamelSmppOptionalParameters` | `Map<String, Object>` | Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 2.13.0/3.0.0 Camel 2.10.5 onwards and only for DeliverSm The optional parameters send back by the SMSC.
`CamelSmppOptionalParameter` | `Map<Short, Object>` | Camel 2.10.7, 2.11.2 onwards and only for DeliverSm The optional parameters send back by the SMSC. The key is the `Short` code for the optional parameter. The value is converted in the following way: `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.COctetString` -> `String` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.OctetString` -> `byte[]` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Byte` -> `Byte` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Int` -> `Integer` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Short` -> `Short` `org.jsmpp.bean.OptionalParameter.Null` -> `null`

JSMPP library

See the documentation of the JSMPP Library for more details about the underlying library.

### Exception handling

This component supports the general Camel exception handling capabilities

When an error occurs sending a message with SubmitSm (the default action), the org.apache.camel.component.smpp.SmppException is thrown with a nested exception, org.jsmpp.extra.NegativeResponseException. Call NegativeResponseException.getCommandStatus() to obtain the exact SMPP negative response code, the values are explained in the SMPP specification 3.4, section 5.1.3.
Camel 2.8 onwards: When the SMPP consumer receives a `DeliverSm` or `DataSm` short message and the processing of these messages fails, you can also throw a `ProcessRequestException` instead of handle the failure. In this case, this exception is forwarded to the underlying JSMPP library which will return the included error code to the SMSC. This feature is useful to e.g. instruct the SMSC to resend the short message at a later time. This could be done with the following lines of code:

Please refer to the SMPP specification for the complete list of error codes and their meanings.

### Samples

A route which sends an SMS using the Java DSL:

A route which sends an SMS using the Spring XML DSL:

A route which receives an SMS using the Java DSL:

A route which receives an SMS using the Spring XML DSL:

SMSC simulator

If you need an SMSC simulator for your test, you can use the simulator provided by Logica.

### Debug logging

This component has log level DEBUG, which can be helpful in debugging problems. If you use log4j, you can add the following line to your configuration:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## SNMP Component

Available as of Camel 2.1

The snmp: component gives you the ability to poll SNMP capable devices or receiving traps.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The component supports polling OID values from an SNMP enabled device and receiving traps.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`type` | none | The type of action you want to perform. Actually you can enter here `POLL` or `TRAP`. The value `POLL` will instruct the endpoint to poll a given host for the supplied OID keys. If you put in `TRAP` you will setup a listener for SNMP Trap Events.
`protocol` | `udp` | Here you can select which protocol to use. You can use either `udp` or `tcp`.
`retries` | `2` | Defines how often a retry is made before canceling the request.
`timeout` | `1500` | Sets the timeout value for the request in millis.
`snmpVersion` | `0` (which means SNMPv1) | Sets the snmp version for the request.
`snmpCommunity` | `public` | Sets the community octet string for the snmp request.
`delay` | `60` seconds | Defines the delay in seconds between to poll cycles. From Camel 2.15 onwards the delay is using millis as its timeunit, so configure 30000 for 30 seconds. Older releases uses the value in seconds.
`oids` | none | Defines which values you are interested in. Please have a look at the Wikipedia to get a better understanding. You may provide a single OID or a coma separated list of OIDs. Example: oids="1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0,1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.2.1.5.1,1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.5.1.1.1,1.3.6.1.2.1.43.5.1.1.11.1"

### The result of a poll

Given the situation, that I poll for the following OIDs:

OIDs

The result will be the following:

Result of toString conversion

As you maybe recognized there is one more result than requested....1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0.
This one is filled in by the device automatically in this special case. So it may absolutely happen, that you receive more than you requested...be prepared.

### Examples

Polling a remote device:

Setting up a trap receiver (Note that no OID info is needed here!):

From Camel 2.10.0, you can get the community of SNMP TRAP with message header 'securityName',
peer address of the SNMP TRAP with message header 'peerAddress'.

Routing example in Java: (converts the SNMP PDU to XML String)

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Spring Integration Component

The spring-integration: component provides a bridge for Camel components to talk to spring integration endpoints.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where defaultChannelName represents the default channel name which is used by the Spring Integration Spring context. It will equal to the `inputChannel` name for the Spring Integration consumer and the `outputChannel` name for the Spring Integration provider.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`inputChannel` | String | The Spring integration input channel name that this endpoint wants to consume from, where the specified channel name is defined in the Spring context.
`outputChannel` | String | The Spring integration output channel name that is used to send messages to the Spring integration context.
`inOut` | String | The exchange pattern that the Spring integration endpoint should use. If `inOut=true` then a reply channel is expected, either from the Spring Integration Message header or configured on the endpoint.

### Usage

The Spring integration component is a bridge that connects Camel endpoints with Spring integration endpoints through the Spring integration's input channels and output channels. Using this component, we can send Camel messages to Spring Integration endpoints or receive messages from Spring integration endpoints in a Camel routing context.

### Examples

#### Using the Spring integration endpoint

You can set up a Spring integration endpoint using a URI, as follows:

Or directly using a Spring integration channel name:

#### The Source and Target adapter

Spring integration also provides the Spring integration's source and target adapters, which can route messages from a Spring integration channel to a Camel endpoint or from a Camel endpoint to a Spring integration channel.

This example uses the following namespaces:

You can bind your source or target to a Camel endpoint as follows:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Spring LDAP Component

Available since Camel 2.11

The spring-ldap: component provides a Camel wrapper for Spring LDAP.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where springLdapTemplate is the name of the Spring LDAP Template bean. In this bean, you configure the URL and the credentials for your LDAP access.

### Options

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`operation` | String | The LDAP operation to be performed. Must be one of `search`, `bind`, or `unbind`.
`scope` | String | The scope of the search operation. Must be one of `object`, `onelevel`, or `subtree`, see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol#Search_and_Compare

If an unsupported value is specified for some option, the component throws an `UnsupportedOperationException`.

### Usage

The component supports producer endpoint only. An attempt to create a consumer endpoint will result in an `UnsupportedOperationException`.
The body of the message must be a map (an instance of `java.util.Map`). This map must contain at least an entry with the key `dn` that specifies the root node for the LDAP operation to be performed. Other entries of the map are operation-specific (see below).

The body of the message remains unchanged for the `bind` and `unbind` operations. For the `search` operation, the body is set to the result of the search, see http://static.springsource.org/spring-ldap/site/apidocs/org/springframework/ldap/core/LdapTemplate.html#search%28java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String,%20int,%20org.springframework.ldap.core.AttributesMapper%29.

#### Search

The message body must have an entry with the key `filter`. The value must be a String representing a valid LDAP filter, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol#Search_and_Compare.

#### Bind

The message body must have an entry with the key `attributes`. The value must be an instance of javax.naming.directory.Attributes This entry specifies the LDAP node to be created.

#### Unbind

No further entries necessary, the node with the specified `dn` is deleted.

Key definitions

In order to avoid spelling errors, the following constants are defined in `org.apache.camel.springldap.SpringLdapProducer`:

- public static final String DN = "dn"
- public static final String FILTER = "filter"
- public static final String ATTRIBUTES = "attributes"

## Spring Web Services Component

Available as of Camel 2.6

The spring-ws: component allows you to integrate with Spring Web Services. It offers both client-side support, for accessing web services, and server-side support for creating your own contract-first web services.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

Dependencies

As of Camel 2.8 this component ships with Spring-WS 2.0.x which (like the rest of Camel) requires Spring 3.0.x.

Earlier Camel versions shipped Spring-WS 1.5.9 which is compatible with Spring 2.5.x and 3.0.x. In order to run earlier versions of `camel-spring-ws` on Spring 2.5.x you need to add the `spring-webmvc` module from Spring 2.5.x. In order to run Spring-WS 1.5.9 on Spring 3.0.x you need to exclude the OXM module from Spring 3.0.x as this module is also included in Spring-WS 1.5.9 (see this post)

### URI format

The URI scheme for this component is as follows

To expose a web service mapping-type needs to be set to any of the following:

Mapping type | Description
--- | ---
`rootqname` | Offers the option to map web service requests based on the qualified name of the root element contained in the message.
`soapaction` | Used to map web service requests based on the SOAP action specified in the header of the message.
`uri` | In order to map web service requests that target a specific URI.
`xpathresult` | Used to map web service requests based on the evaluation of an XPath `expression` against the incoming message. The result of the evaluation should match the XPath result specified in the endpoint URI.
`beanname` | Allows you to reference an `org.apache.camel.component.spring.ws.bean.CamelEndpointDispatcher` object in order to integrate with existing (legacy) endpoint mappings like `PayloadRootQNameEndpointMapping`, `SoapActionEndpointMapping`, etc

As a consumer the address should contain a value relevant to the specified mapping-type (e.g. a SOAP action, XPath expression). As a producer the address should be set to the URI of the web service your calling upon.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Required? | Description
--- | --- | ---
`soapAction` | No | SOAP action to include inside a SOAP request when accessing remote web services
`wsAddressingAction` | No | WS-Addressing 1.0 action header to include when accessing web services. The `To` header is set to the address of the web service as specified in the endpoint URI (default Spring-WS behavior).
`expression` | Only when mapping-type is `xpathresult` | XPath expression to use in the process of mapping web service requests, should match the result specified by `xpathresult`
`timeout` | No | Camel 2.10: Sets the socket read timeout (in milliseconds) while invoking a webservice using the producer, see URLConnection.setReadTimeout() and CommonsHttpMessageSender.setReadTimeout(). This option works when using the built-in message sender implementations: CommonsHttpMessageSender and HttpUrlConnectionMessageSender. One of these implementations will be used by default for HTTP based services unless you customize the Spring WS configuration options supplied to the component. If you are using a non-standard sender, it is assumed that you will handle your own timeout configuration. Camel 2.12: The built-in message sender HttpComponentsMessageSender is considered instead of CommonsHttpMessageSender which has been deprecated, see HttpComponentsMessageSender.setReadTimeout().
`sslContextParameters` | No | Camel 2.10: Reference to an `org.apache.camel.util.jsse.SSLContextParameters` in the Registry. See Using the JSSE Configuration Utility. This option works when using the built-in message sender implementations: CommonsHttpMessageSender and HttpUrlConnectionMessageSender. One of these implementations will be used by default for HTTP based services unless you customize the Spring WS configuration options supplied to the component. If you are using a non-standard sender, it is assumed that you will handle your own TLS configuration. Camel 2.12: The built-in message sender HttpComponentsMessageSender is considered instead of CommonsHttpMessageSender which has been deprecated.

#### Registry based options

The following options can be specified in the registry (most likely a Spring ApplicationContext) and referenced from the endpoint URI using the # notation.

Name | Required? | Description
--- | --- | ---
`webServiceTemplate` | No | Option to provide a custom WebServiceTemplate. This allows for full control over client-side web services handling; like adding a custom interceptor or specifying a fault resolver, message sender or message factory.
`messageSender` | No | Option to provide a custom WebServiceMessageSender. For example to perform authentication or use alternative transports
`messageFactory` | No | Option to provide a custom WebServiceMessageFactory. For example when you want Apache Axiom to handle web service messages instead of SAAJ
`transformerFactory` | No | Option to override default TransformerFactory. The provided transformer factory must be of type `javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory`
`endpointMapping` | Only when mapping-type is `rootqname`, `soapaction`, `uri` or `xpathresult` | Reference to an instance of `org.apache.camel.component.spring.ws.bean.CamelEndpointMapping` in the Registry/ApplicationContext. Only one bean is required in the registry to serve all Camel/Spring-WS endpoints. This bean is auto-discovered by the MessageDispatcher and used to map requests to Camel endpoints based on characteristics specified on the endpoint (like root QName, SOAP action, etc)
`messageFilter` | No | Camel 2.10.3 Option to provide a custom MessageFilter. For example when you want to process your headers or attachments by your own.

### Message headers

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`CamelSpringWebserviceEndpointUri` | String | URI of the web service your accessing as a client, overrides address part of the endpoint URI
`CamelSpringWebserviceSoapAction` | String | Header to specify the SOAP action of the message, overrides `soapAction` option if present
`CamelSpringWebserviceAddressingAction` | URI | Use this header to specify the WS-Addressing action of the message, overrides `wsAddressingAction` option if present
`CamelSpringWebserviceSoapHeader` | Source | Camel 2.11.1: Use this header to specify/access the SOAP headers of the message.

## Accessing web services

To call a web service at `http://foo.com/bar` simply define a route:

And sent a message:

Remember if it's a SOAP service you're calling you don't have to include SOAP tags. Spring-WS will perform the XML-to-SOAP marshaling.

### Sending SOAP and WS-Addressing action headers

When a remote web service requires a SOAP action or use of the WS-Addressing standard you define your route as:

Optionally you can override the endpoint options with header values:

### Using SOAP headers

Available as of Camel 2.11.1

You can provide the SOAP header(s) as a Camel Message header when sending a message to a spring-ws endpoint, for example given the following SOAP header in a String

We can set the body and header on the Camel Message as follows:

And then send the Exchange to a `spring-ws` endpoint to call the Web Service.

Likewise the spring-ws consumer will also enrich the Camel Message with the SOAP header.

For an example see this unit test.

### The header and attachment propagation

Spring WS Camel supports propagation of the headers and attachments into Spring-WS WebServiceMessage response since version 2.10.3. The endpoint will use so called "hook" the MessageFilter (default implementation is provided by BasicMessageFilter) to propagate the exchange headers and attachments into WebServiceMessage response. Now you can use

Note: If the exchange header in the pipeline contains text, it generates Qname(key)=value attribute in the soap header. Recommended is to create a QName class directly and put into any key into header.

### How to use MTOM attachments

The BasicMessageFilter provides all required information for Apache Axiom in order to produce MTOM message. If you want to use Apache Camel Spring WS within Apache Axiom, here is an example:
1. Simply define the messageFactory as is bellow and Spring-WS will use MTOM strategy to populate your SOAP message with optimized attachments.

2. Add into your pom.xml the following dependencies

3. Add your attachment into the pipeline, for example using a Processor implementation.

4. Define endpoint (producer) as ussual, for example like this:

5. Now, your producer will generate MTOM message with otpmized attachments.

### The custom header and attachment filtering

If you need to provide your custom processing of either headers or attachments, extend existing BasicMessageFilter and override the appropriate methods or write a brand new implementation of the MessageFilter interface.
To use your custom filter, add this into your spring context:

You can specify either a global a or a local message filter as follows:
a) the global custom filter that provides the global configuration for all Spring-WS endpoints

or
b) the local messageFilter directly on the endpoint as follows:

For more information see CAMEL-5724

If you want to create your own MessageFilter, consider overriding the following methods in the default implementation of MessageFilter in class BasicMessageFilter:

### Using a custom MessageSender and MessageFactory

A custom message sender or factory in the registry can be referenced like this:

Spring configuration:

## Exposing web services

In order to expose a web service using this component you first need to set-up a MessageDispatcher to look for endpoint mappings in a Spring XML file. If you plan on running inside a servlet container you probably want to use a `MessageDispatcherServlet` configured in `web.xml`.

By default the `MessageDispatcherServlet` will look for a Spring XML named `/WEB-INF/spring-ws-servlet.xml`. To use Camel with Spring-WS the only mandatory bean in that XML file is `CamelEndpointMapping`. This bean allows the `MessageDispatcher` to dispatch web service requests to your routes.

web.xml

spring-ws-servlet.xml

More information on setting up Spring-WS can be found in Writing Contract-First Web Services. Basically paragraph 3.6 "Implementing the Endpoint" is handled by this component (specifically paragraph 3.6.2 "Routing the Message to the Endpoint" is where `CamelEndpointMapping` comes in). Also don't forget to check out the Spring Web Services Example included in the Camel distribution.

### Endpoint mapping in routes

With the XML configuration in-place you can now use Camel's DSL to define what web service requests are handled by your endpoint:

The following route will receive all web service requests that have a root element named "GetFoo" within the `http://example.com/` namespace.

The following route will receive web service requests containing the `http://example.com/GetFoo` SOAP action.

The following route will receive all requests sent to `http://example.com/foobar`.

The route below will receive requests that contain the element `<foobar>abc</foobar>` anywhere inside the message (and the default namespace).

### Alternative configuration, using existing endpoint mappings

For every endpoint with mapping-type `beanname` one bean of type `CamelEndpointDispatcher` with a corresponding name is required in the Registry/ApplicationContext. This bean acts as a bridge between the Camel endpoint and an existing endpoint mapping like `PayloadRootQNameEndpointMapping`.

The use of the `beanname` mapping-type is primarily meant for (legacy) situations where you're already using Spring-WS and have endpoint mappings defined in a Spring XML file. The `beanname` mapping-type allows you to wire your Camel route into an existing endpoint mapping. When you're starting from scratch it's recommended to define your endpoint mappings as Camel URI's (as illustrated above with `endpointMapping`) since it requires less configuration and is more expressive. Alternatively you could use vanilla Spring-WS with the help of annotations.

An example of a route using `beanname`:

## POJO (un)marshalling

Camel's pluggable data formats offer support for pojo/xml marshalling using libraries such as JAXB, XStream, JibX, Castor and XMLBeans. You can use these data formats in your route to sent and receive pojo's, to and from web services.

When accessing web services you can marshal the request and unmarshal the response message:

Similarly when providing web services, you can unmarshal XML requests to POJO's and marshal the response message back to XML:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Stream Component

The stream: component provides access to the `System.in`, `System.out` and `System.err` streams as well as allowing streaming of file and URL.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

In addition, the `file` and `url` endpoint URIs are supported:

If the `stream:header` URI is specified, the `stream` header is used to find the stream to write to. This option is available only for stream producers (that is, it cannot appear in `from()`).

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`delay` | `0` | Initial delay in milliseconds before consuming or producing the stream.
`encoding` | JVM Default | You can configure the encoding (is a charset name) to use text-based streams (for example, message body is a `String` object). If not provided, Camel uses the JVM default Charset.
`promptMessage` | `null` | Message prompt to use when reading from `stream:in`; for example, you could set this to `Enter a command:`
`promptDelay` | `0` | Optional delay in milliseconds before showing the message prompt.
`initialPromptDelay` | `2000` | Initial delay in milliseconds before showing the message prompt. This delay occurs only once. Can be used during system startup to avoid message prompts being written while other logging is done to the system out.
`fileName` | `null` | When using the `stream:file` URI format, this option specifies the filename to stream to/from.
`url` | `null` | When using the `stream:url` URI format, this option specifies the URL to stream to/from. The input/output stream will be opened using the JDK URLConnection facility.
`scanStream` | `false` | To be used for continuously reading a stream such as the unix `tail` command. Camel 2.4 to Camel 2.6: will retry opening the file if it is overwritten, somewhat like `tail --retry`
`retry` | `false` | Camel 2.7: will retry opening the file if it's overwritten, somewhat like `tail --retry`
`scanStreamDelay` | `0` | Delay in milliseconds between read attempts when using `scanStream`.
`groupLines` | `0` | Camel 2.5: To group X number of lines in the consumer. For example to group 10 lines and therefore only spit out an Exchange with 10 lines, instead of 1 Exchange per line.
`autoCloseCount` | `0` | Camel 2.10.0: (2.9.3 and 2.8.6) Number of messages to process before closing stream on Producer side. Never close stream by default (only when Producer is stopped). If more messages are sent, the stream is reopened for another `autoCloseCount` batch.
`closeOnDone` | `false` | Camel 2.11.0: This option is used in combination with Splitter and streaming to the same file. The idea is to keep the stream open and only close when the Splitter is done, to improve performance. Mind this requires that you only stream to the same file, and not 2 or more files.

### Message content

The stream: component supports either `String` or `byte[]` for writing to streams. Just add either `String` or `byte[]` content to the `message.in.body`. Messages sent to the stream: producer in binary mode are not followed by the newline character (as opposed to the `String` messages). Message with `null` body will not be appended to the output stream.
The special `stream:header` URI is used for custom output streams. Just add a `java.io.OutputStream` object to `message.in.header` in the key `header`.
See samples for an example.

### Samples

In the following sample we route messages from the `direct:in` endpoint to the `System.out` stream:

The following sample demonstrates how the header type can be used to determine which stream to use. In the sample we use our own output stream, `MyOutputStream`.

The following sample demonstrates how to continuously read a file stream (analogous to the UNIX `tail` command):

One gotcha with scanStream (pre Camel 2.7) or scanStream + retry is the file will be re-opened and scanned with each iteration of scanStreamDelay. Until NIO2 is available we cannot reliably detect when a file is deleted/recreated.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## String Template

The string-template: component allows you to process a message using a String Template. This can be ideal when using Templating to generate responses for requests.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where templateName is the classpath-local URI of the template to invoke; or the complete URL of the remote template.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`contentCache` | `false` | Cache for the resource content when its loaded. Note : as of Camel 2.9 cached resource content can be cleared via JMX using the endpoint's `clearContentCache` operation.
`delimiterStart` | `null` | Since Camel 2.11.1, configuring the variable start delimiter
`delimiterStop` | `null` | Since Camel 2.11.1, configuring the variable end delimiter

### Headers

Camel will store a reference to the resource in the message header with key, `org.apache.camel.stringtemplate.resource`. The Resource is an `org.springframework.core.io.Resource` object.

### Hot reloading

The string template resource is by default hot-reloadable for both file and classpath resources (expanded jar). If you set `contentCache=true`, Camel loads the resource only once and hot-reloading is not possible. This scenario can be used in production when the resource never changes.

### StringTemplate Attributes

Camel will provide exchange information as attributes (just a `java.util.Map`) to the string template. The Exchange is transfered as:

key | value
--- | ---
`exchange` | The Exchange itself.
`headers` | The headers of the In message.
`camelContext` | The Camel Context.
`request` | The In message.
`in` | The In message.
`body` | The In message body.
`out` | The Out message (only for InOut message exchange pattern).
`response` | The Out message (only for InOut message exchange pattern).

Since Camel 2.14, you can define the custom context map by setting the message header "CamelStringTemplateVariableMap" just like the below code.

### Samples

For example you could use a string template as follows in order to formulate a response to a message:

### The Email Sample

In this sample we want to use a string template to send an order confirmation email. The email template is laid out in `StringTemplate` as:
This example works for camel 2.11.0. If your camel version is less than 2.11.0, the variables should be started and ended with $.

And the java code is as follows:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## SQL Component

The sql: component allows you to work with databases using JDBC queries. The difference between this component and JDBC component is that in case of SQL the query is a property of the endpoint and it uses message payload as parameters passed to the query.

This component uses `spring-jdbc` behind the scenes for the actual SQL handling.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

The SQL component also supports:

- a JDBC based repository for the Idempotent Consumer EIP pattern. See further below.
- a JDBC based repository for the Aggregator EIP pattern. See further below.

### URI format

From Camel 2.11 onwards this component can create both consumer (e.g. `from()`) and producer endpoints (e.g. `to()`).

In previous versions, it could only act as a producer.

This component can be used as a Transactional Client.

The SQL component uses the following endpoint URI notation:

From Camel 2.11 onwards you can use named parameters by using :`#name_of_the_parameter` style as shown:

When using named parameters, Camel will lookup the names from, in the given precedence:
1. from message body if its a `java.util.Map`
2. from message headers

If a named parameter cannot be resolved, then an exception is thrown.

From Camel 2.14 onward you can use Simple expressions as parameters as shown:

Notice that the standard `?` symbol that denotes the parameters to an SQL query is substituted with the `#` symbol, because the `?` symbol is used to specify options for the endpoint. The `?` symbol replacement can be configured on endpoint basis.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
`batch` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.7.5, 2.8.4 and 2.9: Execute SQL batch update statements. See notes below on how the treatment of the inbound message body changes if this is set to `true`.
`dataSourceRef` | `String` | `null` | Deprecated and will be removed in Camel 3.0: Reference to a `DataSource` to look up in the registry. Use `dataSource=#theName` instead.
`dataSource` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.11: Reference to a `DataSource` to look up in the registry.
`placeholder` | `String` | `#` | Camel 2.4: Specifies a character that will be replaced to `?` in SQL query. Notice, that it is simple `String.replaceAll()` operation and no SQL parsing is involved (quoted strings will also change). This replacement is only happening if the endpoint is created using the `SqlComponent`. If you manually create the endpoint, then use the expected `?` sign instead.
`template.<xxx>` |  | `null` | Sets additional options on the Spring `JdbcTemplate` that is used behind the scenes to execute the queries. For instance, `template.maxRows=10`. For detailed documentation, see the JdbcTemplate javadoc documentation.
`allowNamedParameters` | `boolean` | `true` | Camel 2.11: Whether to allow using named parameters in the queries.
`processingStrategy` |  |  | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Allows to plugin to use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.sql.SqlProcessingStrategy` to execute queries when the consumer has processed the rows/batch.
`prepareStatementStrategy` |  |  | Camel 2.11: Allows to plugin to use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.sql.SqlPrepareStatementStrategy` to control preparation of the query and prepared statement.
`consumer.delay` | `long` | `500` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Delay in milliseconds between each poll.
`consumer.initialDelay` | `long` | `1000` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Milliseconds before polling starts.
`consumer.useFixedDelay` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Set to `true` to use fixed delay between polls, otherwise fixed rate is used. See ScheduledExecutorService in JDK for details.
`maxMessagesPerPoll` | `int` | `0` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: An integer value to define the maximum number of messages to gather per poll. By default, no maximum is set.
`consumer.useIterator` | `boolean` | `true` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: If `true` each row returned when polling will be processed individually. If `false` the entire `java.util.List` of data is set as the IN body.
`consumer.routeEmptyResultSet` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: Whether to route a single empty Exchange if there was no data to poll.
`consumer.onConsume` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: After processing each row then this query can be executed, if the Exchange was processed successfully, for example to mark the row as processed. The query can have parameter.
`consumer.onConsumeFailed` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: After processing each row then this query can be executed, if the Exchange failed, for example to mark the row as failed. The query can have parameter.
`consumer.onConsumeBatchComplete` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: After processing the entire batch, this query can be executed to bulk update rows etc. The query cannot have parameters.
`consumer.expectedUpdateCount` | `int` | `-1` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: If using `consumer.onConsume` then this option can be used to set an expected number of rows being updated. Typically you may set this to `1` to expect one row to be updated.
`consumer.breakBatchOnConsumeFail` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.11: SQL consumer only: If using `consumer.onConsume` and it fails, then this option controls whether to break out of the batch or continue processing the next row from the batch.
`alwaysPopulateStatement` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.11: SQL producer only: If enabled then the `populateStatement` method from `org.apache.camel.component.sql.SqlPrepareStatementStrategy` is always invoked, also if there is no expected parameters to be prepared. When this is `false` then the `populateStatement` is only invoked if there is 1 or more expected parameters to be set; for example this avoids reading the message body/headers for SQL queries with no parameters.
`separator` | `char` | `,` | Camel 2.11.1: The separator to use when parameter values is taken from message body (if the body is a String type), to be inserted at # placeholders. Notice if you use named parameters, then a `Map` type is used instead.
`outputType` | `String` | `SelectList` | Camel 2.12.0: Make the output of consumer or producer to `SelectList` as List of Map, or `SelectOne` as single Java object in the following way: a) If the query has only single column, then that JDBC Column object is returned. (such as `SELECT COUNT( * ) FROM PROJECT` will return a Long object. b) If the query has more than one column, then it will return a Map of that result. c) If the `outputClass` is set, then it will convert the query result into an Java bean object by calling all the setters that match the column names. It will assume your class has a default constructor to create instance with. d) If the query resulted in more than one rows, it throws an non-unique result exception. From Camel 2.14.1 onwards the SelectList also supports mapping each row to a Java object as the SelectOne does (only step c).
`outputClass` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.12.0: Specify the full package and class name to use as conversion when `outputType=SelectOne`.
`outputHeader` | `String` | `null` | Camel 2.15: To store the result as a header instead of the message body. This allows to preserve the existing message body as-is.
`parametersCount` | `int` | `0` | Camel 2.11.2/2.12.0 If set greater than zero, then Camel will use this count value of parameters to replace instead of querying via JDBC metadata API. This is useful if the JDBC vendor could not return correct parameters count, then user may override instead.
`noop` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.12.0 If set, will ignore the results of the SQL query and use the existing IN message as the OUT message for the continuation of processing
`useMessageBodyForSql` | `boolean` | `false` | Camel 2.16: Whether to use the message body as the SQL and then headers for parameters. If this option is enabled then the SQL in the uri is not used. The SQL parameters must then be provided in a header with the key `CamelSqlParameters`. This option is only for the producer.

### Treatment of the message body

The SQL component tries to convert the message body to an object of `java.util.Iterator` type and then uses this iterator to fill the query parameters (where each query parameter is represented by a `#` symbol (or configured placeholder) in the endpoint URI). If the message body is not an array or collection, the conversion results in an iterator that iterates over only one object, which is the body itself.

For example, if the message body is an instance of `java.util.List`, the first item in the list is substituted into the first occurrence of `#` in the SQL query, the second item in the list is substituted into the second occurrence of `#`, and so on.

If `batch` is set to `true`, then the interpretation of the inbound message body changes slightly – instead of an iterator of parameters, the component expects an iterator that contains the parameter iterators; the size of the outer iterator determines the batch size.

From Camel 2.16 onwards you can use the option useMessageBodyForSql that allows to use the message body as the SQL statement, and then the SQL parameters must be provided in a header with the key SqlConstants.SQL_PARAMETERS. This allows the SQL component to work more dynamic as the SQL query is from the message body.

### Result of the query

For `select` operations, the result is an instance of `List<Map<String, Object>>` type, as returned by the JdbcTemplate.queryForList() method. For `update` operations, the result is the number of updated rows, returned as an `Integer`.

By default, the result is placed in the message body. If the outputHeader parameter is set, the result is placed in the header. This is an alternative to using a full message enrichment pattern to add headers, it provides a concise syntax for querying a sequence or some other small value into a header. It is convenient to use outputHeader and outputType together:

### Header values

When performing `update` operations, the SQL Component stores the update count in the following message headers:

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelSqlUpdateCount` | The number of rows updated for `update` operations, returned as an `Integer` object.
`CamelSqlRowCount` | The number of rows returned for `select` operations, returned as an `Integer` object.
`CamelSqlQuery` | Camel 2.8: Query to execute. This query takes precedence over the query specified in the endpoint URI. Note that query parameters in the header are represented by a `?` instead of a `#` symbol

When performing `insert` operations, the SQL Component stores the rows with the generated keys and number of these rown in the following message headers (Available as of Camel 2.12.4, 2.13.1):

Header | Description
--- | ---
    CamelSqlGeneratedKeysRowCount
| The number of rows in the header that contains generated keys.
    CamelSqlGeneratedKeyRows
| Rows that contains the generated keys (a list of maps of keys).

### Generated keys

Available as of Camel 2.12.4, 2.13.1 and 2.14

If you insert data using SQL INSERT, then the RDBMS may support auto generated keys. You can instruct the SQL producer to return the generated keys in headers.
To do that set the header `CamelSqlRetrieveGeneratedKeys=true`. Then the generated keys will be provided as headers with the keys listed in the table above.

You can see more details in this unit test.

### Configuration

You can now set a reference to a `DataSource` in the URI directly:

### Sample

In the sample below we execute a query and retrieve the result as a `List` of rows, where each row is a `Map<String, Object` and the key is the column name.

First, we set up a table to use for our sample. As this is based on an unit test, we do it in java:

The SQL script `createAndPopulateDatabase.sql` we execute looks like as described below:
Then we configure our route and our `sql` component. Notice that we use a `direct` endpoint in front of the `sql` endpoint. This allows us to send an exchange to the `direct` endpoint with the URI, `direct:simple`, which is much easier for the client to use than the long `sql:` URI. Note that the `DataSource` is looked up up in the registry, so we can use standard Spring XML to configure our `DataSource`.
And then we fire the message into the `direct` endpoint that will route it to our `sql` component that queries the database.
We could configure the `DataSource` in Spring XML as follows:

#### Using named parameters

Available as of Camel 2.11

In the given route below, we want to get all the projects from the projects table. Notice the SQL query has 2 named parameters, :#lic and :#min.
Camel will then lookup for these parameters from the message body or message headers. Notice in the example above we set two headers with constant value
for the named parameters:

Though if the message body is a `java.util.Map` then the named parameters will be taken from the body.

#### Using expression parameters

Available as of Camel 2.14

In the given route below, we want to get all the project from the database. It uses the body of the exchange for defining the license and uses the value of a property as the second parameter.

### Using the JDBC based idempotent repository

Available as of Camel 2.7: In this section we will use the JDBC based idempotent repository.

Abstract class

From Camel 2.9 onwards there is an abstract class `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jdbc.AbstractJdbcMessageIdRepository` you can extend to build custom JDBC idempotent repository.

First we have to create the database table which will be used by the idempotent repository. For Camel 2.7, we use the following schema:

In Camel 2.8, we added the createdAt column:

The SQL Server TIMESTAMP type is a fixed-length binary-string type. It does not map to any of the JDBC time types: DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP.

We recommend to have a unique constraint on the columns processorName and messageId. Because the syntax for this constraint differs for database to database, we do not show it here.

Second we need to setup a `javax.sql.DataSource` in the spring XML file:

And finally we can create our JDBC idempotent repository in the spring XML file as well:

#### Customize the JdbcMessageIdRepository

Starting with Camel 2.9.1 you have a few options to tune the `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jdbc.JdbcMessageIdRepository` for your needs:

Parameter | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
createTableIfNotExists | true | Defines whether or not Camel should try to create the table if it doesn't exist.
tableExistsString | SELECT 1 FROM CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED WHERE 1 = 0 | This query is used to figure out whether the table already exists or not. It must throw an exception to indicate the table doesn't exist.
createString | CREATE TABLE CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED (processorName VARCHAR(255), messageId VARCHAR(100), createdAt TIMESTAMP) | The statement which is used to create the table.
queryString | SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED WHERE processorName = ? AND messageId = ? | The query which is used to figure out whether the message already exists in the repository (the result is not equals to '0'). It takes two parameters. This first one is the processor name (`String`) and the second one is the message id (`String`).
insertString | INSERT INTO CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED (processorName, messageId, createdAt) VALUES (?, ?, ?) | The statement which is used to add the entry into the table. It takes three parameter. The first one is the processor name (`String`), the second one is the message id (`String`) and the third one is the timestamp (`java.sql.Timestamp`) when this entry was added to the repository.
deleteString | DELETE FROM CAMEL_MESSAGEPROCESSED WHERE processorName = ? AND messageId = ? | The statement which is used to delete the entry from the database. It takes two parameter. This first one is the processor name (`String`) and the second one is the message id (`String`).

A customized `org.apache.camel.processor.idempotent.jdbc.JdbcMessageIdRepository` could look like:

### Using the JDBC based aggregation repository

Available as of Camel 2.6

Using JdbcAggregationRepository in Camel 2.6

In Camel 2.6, the JdbcAggregationRepository is provided in the `camel-jdbc-aggregator` component. From Camel 2.7 onwards, the `JdbcAggregationRepository` is provided in the `camel-sql` component.

`JdbcAggregationRepository` is an `AggregationRepository` which on the fly persists the aggregated messages. This ensures that you will not loose messages, as the default aggregator will use an in memory only `AggregationRepository`.
The `JdbcAggregationRepository` allows together with Camel to provide persistent support for the Aggregator.

It has the following options:

Option | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`dataSource` | `DataSource` | Mandatory: The `javax.sql.DataSource` to use for accessing the database.
`repositoryName` | `String` | Mandatory: The name of the repository.
`transactionManager` | `TransactionManager` | Mandatory: The `org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager` to mange transactions for the database. The TransactionManager must be able to support databases.
`lobHandler` | `LobHandler` | A `org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.LobHandler` to handle Lob types in the database. Use this option to use a vendor specific LobHandler, for example when using Oracle.
`returnOldExchange` | boolean | Whether the get operation should return the old existing Exchange if any existed. By default this option is `false` to optimize as we do not need the old exchange when aggregating.
`useRecovery` | boolean | Whether or not recovery is enabled. This option is by default `true`. When enabled the Camel Aggregator automatic recover failed aggregated exchange and have them resubmitted.
`recoveryInterval` | long | If recovery is enabled then a background task is run every x'th time to scan for failed exchanges to recover and resubmit. By default this interval is 5000 millis.
`maximumRedeliveries` | int | Allows you to limit the maximum number of redelivery attempts for a recovered exchange. If enabled then the Exchange will be moved to the dead letter channel if all redelivery attempts failed. By default this option is disabled. If this option is used then the `deadLetterUri` option must also be provided.
`deadLetterUri` | String | An endpoint uri for a Dead Letter Channel where exhausted recovered Exchanges will be moved. If this option is used then the `maximumRedeliveries` option must also be provided.
`storeBodyAsText` | boolean | Camel 2.11: Whether to store the message body as String which is human readable. By default this option is `false` storing the body in binary format.
`headersToStoreAsText` | `List<String>` | Camel 2.11: Allows to store headers as String which is human readable. By default this option is disabled, storing the headers in binary format.
`optimisticLocking` | `false` | Camel 2.12: To turn on optimistic locking, which often would be needed in clustered environments where multiple Camel applications shared the same JDBC based aggregation repository.
`jdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper` |  | Camel 2.12: Allows to plugin a custom `org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.jdbc.JdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper` to map vendor specific error codes to an optimistick locking error, for Camel to perform a retry. This requires `optimisticLocking` to be enabled.

#### What is preserved when persisting

`JdbcAggregationRepository` will only preserve any `Serializable` compatible data types. If a data type is not such a type its dropped and a `WARN` is logged. And it only persists the `Message` body and the `Message` headers. The `Exchange` properties are not persisted.

From Camel 2.11 onwards you can store the message body and select(ed) headers as String in separate columns.

#### Recovery

The `JdbcAggregationRepository` will by default recover any failed Exchange. It does this by having a background tasks that scans for failed Exchanges in the persistent store. You can use the `checkInterval` option to set how often this task runs. The recovery works as transactional which ensures that Camel will try to recover and redeliver the failed Exchange. Any Exchange which was found to be recovered will be restored from the persistent store and resubmitted and send out again.

The following headers is set when an Exchange is being recovered/redelivered:

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`Exchange.REDELIVERED` | Boolean | Is set to true to indicate the Exchange is being redelivered.
`Exchange.REDELIVERY_COUNTER` | Integer | The redelivery attempt, starting from 1.

Only when an Exchange has been successfully processed it will be marked as complete which happens when the `confirm` method is invoked on the `AggregationRepository`. This means if the same Exchange fails again it will be kept retried until it success.

You can use option `maximumRedeliveries` to limit the maximum number of redelivery attempts for a given recovered Exchange. You must also set the `deadLetterUri` option so Camel knows where to send the Exchange when the `maximumRedeliveries` was hit.

You can see some examples in the unit tests of camel-sql, for example this test.

#### Database

To be operational, each aggregator uses two table: the aggregation and completed one. By convention the completed has the same name as the aggregation one suffixed with `"_COMPLETED"`. The name must be configured in the Spring bean with the `RepositoryName` property. In the following example aggregation will be used.

The table structure definition of both table are identical: in both case a String value is used as key (id) whereas a Blob contains the exchange serialized in byte array.
However one difference should be remembered: the id field does not have the same content depending on the table.
In the aggregation table id holds the correlation Id used by the component to aggregate the messages. In the completed table, id holds the id of the exchange stored in corresponding the blob field.

Here is the SQL query used to create the tables, just replace `"aggregation"` with your aggregator repository name.

#### Storing body and headers as text

Available as of Camel 2.11

You can configure the `JdbcAggregationRepository` to store message body and select(ed) headers as String in separate columns. For example to store the body, and the following two headers `companyName` and `accountName` use the following SQL:

And then configure the repository to enable this behavior as shown below:

#### Codec (Serialization)

Since they can contain any type of payload, Exchanges are not serializable by design. It is converted into a byte array to be stored in a database BLOB field. All those conversions are handled by the `JdbcCodec` class. One detail of the code requires your attention: the `ClassLoadingAwareObjectInputStream`.

The `ClassLoadingAwareObjectInputStream` has been reused from the Apache ActiveMQ project. It wraps an `ObjectInputStream` and use it with the `ContextClassLoader` rather than the `currentThread` one. The benefit is to be able to load classes exposed by other bundles. This allows the exchange body and headers to have custom types object references.

#### Transaction

A Spring `PlatformTransactionManager` is required to orchestrate transaction.

#### Service (Start/Stop)

The `start` method verify the connection of the database and the presence of the required tables. If anything is wrong it will fail during starting.

#### Aggregator configuration

Depending on the targeted environment, the aggregator might need some configuration. As you already know, each aggregator should have its own repository (with the corresponding pair of table created in the database) and a data source. If the default lobHandler is not adapted to your database system, it can be injected with the `lobHandler` property.

Here is the declaration for Oracle:

### Optimistic locking

From Camel 2.12 onwards you can turn on `optimisticLocking` and use this JDBC based aggregation repository in a clustered environment where multiple Camel applications shared the same database for the aggregation repository. If there is a race condition there JDBC driver will throw a vendor specific exception which the `JdbcAggregationRepository` can react upon. To know which caused exceptions from the JDBC driver is regarded as an optimistick locking error we need a mapper to do this. Therefore there is a `org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.jdbc.JdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper` allows you to implement your custom logic if needed. There is a default implementation `org.apache.camel.processor.aggregate.jdbc.DefaultJdbcOptimisticLockingExceptionMapper` which works as follows:

The following check is done:

- If the caused exception is an `SQLException` then the SQLState is checked if starts with 23.
- If the caused exception is a `DataIntegrityViolationException`
- If the caused exception class name has "ConstraintViolation" in its name.
- optional checking for FQN class name matches if any class names has been configured

You can in addition add FQN classnames, and if any of the caused exception (or any nested) equals any of the FQN class names, then its an optimistick locking error.

Here is an example, where we define 2 extra FQN class names from the JDBC vendor.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- JDBC

## Test Component

Testing of distributed and asynchronous processing is notoriously difficult. The Mock, Test and DataSet endpoints work great with the Camel Testing Framework to simplify your unit and integration testing using Enterprise Integration Patterns and Camel's large range of Components together with the powerful Bean Integration.

The test component extends the Mock component to support pulling messages from another endpoint on startup to set the expected message bodies on the underlying Mock endpoint. That is, you use the test endpoint in a route and messages arriving on it will be implicitly compared to some expected messages extracted from some other location.

So you can use, for example, an expected set of message bodies as files. This will then set up a properly configured Mock endpoint, which is only valid if the received messages match the number of expected messages and their message payloads are equal.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component when using Camel 2.8 or older:

From Camel 2.9 onwards the Test component is provided directly in the camel-core.

### URI format

Where expectedMessagesEndpointUri refers to some other Component URI that the expected message bodies are pulled from before starting the test.

### URI Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`timeout` | `2000` | Camel 2.12: The timeout to use when polling for message bodies from the URI.

### Example

For example, you could write a test case as follows:

If your test then invokes the MockEndpoint.assertIsSatisfied(camelContext) method, your test case will perform the necessary assertions.

To see how you can set other expectations on the test endpoint, see the Mock component.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Spring Testing

## Timer Component

The timer: component is used to generate message exchanges when a timer fires You can only consume events from this endpoint.

### URI format

Where `name` is the name of the `Timer` object, which is created and shared across endpoints. So if you use the same name for all your timer endpoints, only one `Timer` object and thread will be used.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

Note: The IN body of the generated exchange is `null`. So `exchange.getIn().getBody()` returns `null`.

Advanced Scheduler

See also the Quartz component that supports much more advanced scheduling.

Specify time in human friendly format

In Camel 2.3 onwards you can specify the time in human friendly syntax.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`time` | `null` | A `java.util.Date` the first event should be generated. If using the URI, the pattern expected is: `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss` or `yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss`.
`pattern` | `null` | Allows you to specify a custom `Date` pattern to use for setting the time option using URI syntax.
`period` | `1000` | If greater than 0, generate periodic events every `period` milliseconds.
`delay` | `0` / `1000` | The number of milliseconds to wait before the first event is generated. Should not be used in conjunction with the `time` option. The default value has been changed to `1000` from Camel 2.11 onwards. In older releases the default value is `0`.
`fixedRate` | `false` | Events take place at approximately regular intervals, separated by the specified period.
`daemon` | `true` | Specifies whether or not the thread associated with the timer endpoint runs as a daemon.
`repeatCount` | `0` | Camel 2.8: Specifies a maximum limit of number of fires. So if you set it to 1, the timer will only fire once. If you set it to 5, it will only fire five times. A value of zero or negative means fire forever.

### Exchange Properties

When the timer is fired, it adds the following information as properties to the `Exchange`:

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`Exchange.TIMER_NAME` | `String` | The value of the `name` option.
`Exchange.TIMER_TIME` | `Date` | The value of the `time` option.
`Exchange.TIMER_PERIOD` | `long` | The value of the `period` option.
`Exchange.TIMER_FIRED_TIME` | `Date` | The time when the consumer fired.
`Exchange.TIMER_COUNTER` | `Long` | Camel 2.8: The current fire counter. Starts from 1.

### Message Headers

When the timer is fired, it adds the following information as headers to the IN message

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`Exchange.TIMER_FIRED_TIME` | `java.util.Date` | The time when the consumer fired

### Sample

To set up a route that generates an event every 60 seconds:

Instead of 60000 you can use period=60s which is more friendly to read.

The above route will generate an event and then invoke the `someMethodName` method on the bean called `myBean` in the Registry such as JNDI or Spring.

And the route in Spring DSL:

#### Firing only once

Available as of Camel 2.8

You may want to fire a message in a Camel route only once, such as when starting the route. To do that you use the repeatCount option as shown:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Quartz

## Validation Component

The Validation component performs XML validation of the message body using the JAXP Validation API and based on any of the supported XML schema languages, which defaults to XML Schema

Note that the Jing component also supports the following useful schema languages:

- RelaxNG Compact Syntax
- RelaxNG XML Syntax

The MSV component also supports RelaxNG XML Syntax.

### URI format

Where someLocalOrRemoteResource is some URL to a local resource on the classpath or a full URL to a remote resource or resource on the file system which contains the XSD to validate against. For example:

- `msv:org/foo/bar.xsd`
- `msv:file:../foo/bar.xsd`
- `msv:http://acme.com/cheese.xsd`
- `validator:com/mypackage/myschema.xsd`

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component when using Camel 2.8 or older:

From Camel 2.9 onwards the Validation component is provided directly in the camel-core.

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`resourceResolver` | `null` | Camel 2.9: Reference to a `org.w3c.dom.ls.LSResourceResolver` in the Registry.
`useDom` | `false` | Whether `DOMSource`/`DOMResult` or `SaxSource`/`SaxResult` should be used by the validator.
`useSharedSchema` | `true` | Camel 2.3: Whether the `Schema` instance should be shared or not. This option is introduced to work around a JDK 1.6.x bug. Xerces should not have this issue.
`failOnNullBody` | `true` | Camel 2.9.5/2.10.3: Whether to fail if no body exists.
`headerName` | `null` | Camel 2.11: To validate against a header instead of the message body.
`failOnNullHeader` | `true` | Camel 2.11: Whether to fail if no header exists when validating against a header.

### Example

The following example shows how to configure a route from endpoint direct:start which then goes to one of two endpoints, either mock:valid or mock:invalid based on whether or not the XML matches the given schema (which is supplied on the classpath).

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## Velocity

The velocity: component allows you to process a message using an Apache Velocity template. This can be ideal when using Templating to generate responses for requests.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where templateName is the classpath-local URI of the template to invoke; or the complete URL of the remote template (eg: file://folder/myfile.vm).

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Option | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
`loaderCache` | `true` | Velocity based file loader cache.
`contentCache` | `true` | Cache for the resource content when it is loaded. Note : as of Camel 2.9 cached resource content can be cleared via JMX using the endpoint's `clearContentCache` operation.
`encoding` | `null` | Character encoding of the resource content.
`propertiesFile` | `null` | New option in Camel 2.1: The URI of the properties file which is used for VelocityEngine initialization.

### Message Headers

The velocity component sets a couple headers on the message (you can't set these yourself and from Camel 2.1 velocity component will not set these headers which will cause some side effect on the dynamic template support):

Header | Description
--- | ---
`CamelVelocityResourceUri` | The templateName as a `String` object.
`CamelVelocitySupplementalContext` | Camel 2.16: To add additional information to the used VelocityContext. The value of this header should be a `Map` with key/values that will added (override any existing key with the same name). This can be used to pre setup some common key/values you want to reuse in your velocity endpoints.

Headers set during the Velocity evaluation are returned to the message and added as headers. Then its kinda possible to return values from Velocity to the Message.

For example, to set the header value of `fruit` in the Velocity template `.tm`:

The `fruit` header is now accessible from the `message.out.headers`.

### Velocity Context

Camel will provide exchange information in the Velocity context (just a `Map`). The `Exchange` is transfered as:

key | value
--- | ---
`exchange` | The `Exchange` itself.
`exchange.properties` | The `Exchange` properties.
`headers` | The headers of the In message.
`camelContext` | The Camel Context instance.
`request` | The In message.
`in` | The In message.
`body` | The In message body.
`out` | The Out message (only for InOut message exchange pattern).
`response` | The Out message (only for InOut message exchange pattern).

Since Camel-2.14, you can setup a custom Velocity Context yourself by setting the message header CamelVelocityContext just like this

### Hot reloading

The Velocity template resource is, by default, hot reloadable for both file and classpath resources (expanded jar). If you set `contentCache=true`, Camel will only load the resource once, and thus hot reloading is not possible. This scenario can be used in production, when the resource never changes.

### Dynamic templates

Available as of Camel 2.1
Camel provides two headers by which you can define a different resource location for a template or the template content itself. If any of these headers is set then Camel uses this over the endpoint configured resource. This allows you to provide a dynamic template at runtime.

Header | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
CamelVelocityResourceUri | String | Camel 2.1: A URI for the template resource to use instead of the endpoint configured.
CamelVelocityTemplate | String | Camel 2.1: The template to use instead of the endpoint configured.

### Samples

For example you could use something like

To use a Velocity template to formulate a response to a message for InOut message exchanges (where there is a `JMSReplyTo` header).

If you want to use InOnly and consume the message and send it to another destination, you could use the following route:

And to use the content cache, e.g. for use in production, where the `.vm` template never changes:

And a file based resource:

In Camel 2.1 it's possible to specify what template the component should use dynamically via a header, so for example:

In Camel 2.1 it's possible to specify a template directly as a header the component should use dynamically via a header, so for example:

### The Email Sample

In this sample we want to use Velocity templating for an order confirmation email. The email template is laid out in Velocity as:

And the java code:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## VM Component

The vm: component provides asynchronous SEDA behavior, exchanging messages on a BlockingQueue and invoking consumers in a separate thread pool.

This component differs from the Seda component in that VM supports communication across CamelContext instances - so you can use this mechanism to communicate across web applications (provided that `camel-core.jar` is on the `system/boot` classpath).

VM is an extension to the Seda component.

### URI format

Where `queueName` can be any string to uniquely identify the endpoint within the JVM (or at least within the classloader that loaded camel-core.jar)

You can append query options to the URI in the following format: `?option=value&option=value&...`

Before Camel 2.3 - Same URI must be used for both producer and consumer

An exactly identical VM endpoint URI must be used for both the producer and the consumer endpoint. Otherwise, Camel will create a second VM endpoint despite that the `queueName` portion of the URI is identical. For example:

Notice that we have to use the full URI, including options in both the producer and consumer.

In Camel 2.4 this has been fixed so that only the queue name must match. Using the queue name `bar`, we could rewrite the previous exmple as follows:

### Options

See the Seda component for options and other important usage details as the same rules apply to the Vm component.

### Samples

In the route below we send exchanges across CamelContext instances to a VM queue named `order.email`:

And then we receive exchanges in some other Camel context (such as deployed in another `.war` application):

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

- Seda

## XMPP Component

The xmpp: component implements an XMPP (Jabber) transport.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

The component supports both room based and private person-person conversations.
The component supports both producer and consumer (you can get messages from XMPP or send messages to XMPP). Consumer mode supports rooms starting.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

### Options

Name | Description
--- | ---
`room` | If this option is specified, the component will connect to MUC (Multi User Chat). Usually, the domain name for MUC is different from the login domain. For example, if you are `superman@jabber.org` and want to join the `krypton` room, then the room URL is `krypton@conference.jabber.org`. Note the `conference` part. It is not a requirement to provide the full room JID. If the `room` parameter does not contain the `@` symbol, the domain part will be discovered and added by Camel
`user` | User name (without server name). If not specified, anonymous login will be attempted.
`password` | Password.
`resource` | XMPP resource. The default is `Camel`.
`createAccount` | If `true`, an attempt to create an account will be made. Default is `false`.
`participant` | JID (Jabber ID) of person to receive messages. `room` parameter has precedence over `participant`.
`nickname` | Use nickname when joining room. If room is specified and nickname is not, `user` will be used for the nickname.
`serviceName` | The name of the service you are connecting to. For Google Talk, this would be `gmail.com`.
`testConnectionOnStartup` | Camel 2.11 Specifies whether to test the connection on startup. This is used to ensure that the XMPP client has a valid connection to the XMPP server when the route starts. Camel throws an exception on startup if a connection cannot be established. When this option is set to false, Camel will attempt to establish a "lazy" connection when needed by a producer, and will poll for a consumer connection until the connection is established. Default is `true`.
`connectionPollDelay` | Camel 2.11 The amount of time in seconds between polls to verify the health of the XMPP connection, or between attempts to establish an initial consumer connection. Camel will try to re-establish a connection if it has become inactive. Default is `10 seconds`.
pubsub | Camel 2.15 Accept pubsub packets on input, default is false
doc | Camel 2.15 Set a doc header on the IN message containing a Document form of the incoming packet; default is true if presence or pubsub are true, otherwise false

### Headers and setting Subject or Language

Camel sets the message IN headers as properties on the XMPP message. You can configure a `HeaderFilterStategy` if you need custom filtering of headers.
The Subject and Language of the XMPP message are also set if they are provided as IN headers.

### Examples

User `superman` to join room `krypton` at `jabber` server with password, `secret`:

User `superman` to send messages to `joker`:

Routing example in Java:

Consumer configuration, which writes all messages from `joker` into the queue, `evil.talk`.

Consumer configuration, which listens to room messages:

Room in short notation (no domain part):

When connecting to the Google Chat service, you'll need to specify the `serviceName` as well as your credentials:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## XQuery

The xquery: component allows you to process a message using an XQuery template. This can be ideal when using Templating to generate respopnses for requests.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component:

### URI format

Where templateName is the classpath-local URI of the template to invoke; or the complete URL of the remote template.

For example you could use something like this:

To use an XQuery template to formulate a response to a message for InOut message exchanges (where there is a `JMSReplyTo` header).

If you want to use InOnly, consume the message, and send it to another destination, you could use the following route:

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started

## XSLT

The xslt: component allows you to process a message using an XSLT template. This can be ideal when using Templating to generate respopnses for requests.

### URI format

Where templateName is the classpath-local URI of the template to invoke; or the complete URL of the remote template. Refer to the Spring Documentation for more detail of the URI syntax

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, `?option=value&option=value&...`

Here are some example URIs

URI | Description
--- | ---
| refers to the file com/acme/mytransform.xsl on the classpath
| refers to the file /foo/bar.xsl
| refers to the remote http resource

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their `pom.xml` for this component when using Camel 2.8 or older:

From Camel 2.9 onwards the XSLT component is provided directly in the camel-core.

### Options

Name | Default Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`converter` | `null` | Option to override default XmlConverter. Will lookup for the converter in the Registry. The provided converted must be of type org.apache.camel.converter.jaxp.XmlConverter.
`transformerFactory` | `null` | Option to override default TransformerFactory. Will lookup for the transformerFactory in the Registry. The provided transformer factory must be of type javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory.
`transformerFactoryClass` | `null` | Option to override default TransformerFactory. Will create a TransformerFactoryClass instance and set it to the converter.
`uriResolver` | `null` | Camel 2.3: Allows you to use a custom `javax.xml.transformation.URIResolver`. Camel will by default use its own implementation `org.apache.camel.builder.xml.XsltUriResolver` which is capable of loading from classpath.
`resultHandlerFactory` | `null` | Camel 2.3: Allows you to use a custom `org.apache.camel.builder.xml.ResultHandlerFactory` which is capable of using custom `org.apache.camel.builder.xml.ResultHandler` types.
`failOnNullBody` | `true` | Camel 2.3: Whether or not to throw an exception if the input body is null.
`deleteOutputFile` | `false` | Camel 2.6: If you have `output=file` then this option dictates whether or not the output file should be deleted when the Exchange is done processing. For example suppose the output file is a temporary file, then it can be a good idea to delete it after use.
`output` | `string` | Camel 2.3: Option to specify which output type to use. Possible values are: `string, bytes, DOM, file`. The first three options are all in memory based, where as `file` is streamed directly to a `java.io.File`. For `file` you must specify the filename in the IN header with the key `Exchange.XSLT_FILE_NAME` which is also `CamelXsltFileName`. Also any paths leading to the filename must be created beforehand, otherwise an exception is thrown at runtime.
`contentCache` | `true` | Camel 2.6: Cache for the resource content (the stylesheet file) when it is loaded. If set to `false` Camel will reload the stylesheet file on each message processing. This is good for development. Note: from Camel 2.9 a cached stylesheet can be forced to reload at runtime via JMX using the `clearCachedStylesheet` operation.
`allowStAX` |  | Camel 2.8.3/2.9: Whether to allow using StAX as the `javax.xml.transform.Source`. The option is default `false` in Camel 2.11.3/2.12.2 or older. And default `true` in Camel 2.11.4/2.12.3 onwards.
`transformerCacheSize` | `0` | Camel 2.9.3/2.10.1: The number of `javax.xml.transform.Transformer` object that are cached for reuse to avoid calls to `Template.newTransformer()`.
`saxon` | `false` | Camel 2.11: Whether to use Saxon as the `transformerFactoryClass`. If enabled then the class `net.sf.saxon.TransformerFactoryImpl`. You would need to add Saxon to the classpath.
errorListener |  | Camel 2.14: Allows to configure to use a custom `javax.xml.transform.ErrorListener`. Beware when doing this then the default error listener which captures any errors or fatal errors and store information on the Exchange as properties is not in use. So only use this option for special use-cases.

### Using XSLT endpoints

For example you could use something like

To use an XSLT template to formulate a response for a message for InOut message exchanges (where there is a `JMSReplyTo` header).

If you want to use InOnly and consume the message and send it to another destination you could use the following route:

### Getting Parameters into the XSLT to work with

By default, all headers are added as parameters which are available in the XSLT.
To do this you will need to declare the parameter so it is then useable.

And the XSLT just needs to declare it at the top level for it to be available:

### Spring XML versions

To use the above examples in Spring XML you would use something like

There is a test case along with its Spring XML if you want a concrete example.

### Using xsl:include

Camel 2.2 or older
If you use xsl:include in your XSL files then in Camel 2.2 or older it uses the default `javax.xml.transform.URIResolver` which means it can only lookup files from file system, and its does that relative from the JVM starting folder.

For example this include:

Will lookup the `staff_tempkalte.xsl` file from the starting folder where the application was started.

Camel 2.3 or newer
Now Camel provides its own implementation of `URIResolver` which allows Camel to load included files from the classpath and more intelligent than before.

For example this include:

Will now be located relative from the starting endpoint, which for example could be:

Which means Camel will locate the file in the classpath as `org/apache/camel/component/xslt/staff_template.xsl`.
This allows you to use xsl include and have xsl files located in the same folder such as we do in the example `org/apache/camel/component/xslt`.

You can use the following two prefixes `classpath:` or `file:` to instruct Camel to look either in classpath or file system. If you omit the prefix then Camel uses the prefix from the endpoint configuration. If that neither has one, then classpath is assumed.

You can also refer back in the paths such as

Which then will resolve the xsl file under `org/apache/camel/component`.

#### Using xsl:include and default prefix

When using xsl:include such as:

Then in Camel 2.10.3 and older, then Camel will use "classpath:" as the default prefix, and load the resource from the classpath. This works for most cases, but if you configure the starting resource to load from file,

.. then you would have to prefix all your includes with "file:" as well.

From Camel 2.10.4 onwards we have made this easier as Camel will use the prefix from the endpoint configuration as the default prefix. So from Camel 2.10.4 onwards you can do:

Which will load the staff_template.xsl resource from the file system, as the endpoint was configured with "file:" as prefix.
You can still though explicit configure a prefix, and then mix and match. And have both file and classpath loading. But that would be unusual, as most people either use file or classpath based resources.

### Dynamic stylesheets

To provide a dynamic stylesheet at runtime you can define a dynamic URI. See How to use a dynamic URI in to() for more information.

Available as of Camel 2.9 (removed in 2.11.4, 2.12.3 and 2.13.0)
Camel provides the `CamelXsltResourceUri` header which you can use to define a stylesheet to use instead of what is configured on the endpoint URI. This allows you to provide a dynamic stylesheet at runtime.

### Accessing warnings, errors and fatalErrors from XSLT ErrorListener

Available as of Camel 2.14

From Camel 2.14 onwards, any warning/error or fatalError is stored on the current Exchange as a property with the keys `Exchange.XSLT_ERROR`, `Exchange.XSLT_FATAL_ERROR`, or `Exchange.XSLT_WARNING` which allows end users to get hold of any errors happening during transformation.

For example in the stylesheet below, we want to terminate if a staff has an empty dob field. And to include a custom error message using xsl:message.

This information is not available on the Exchange stored as an Exception that contains the message in the `getMessage()` method on the exception. The exception is stored on the Exchange as a warning with the key `Exchange.XSLT_WARNING.`

### Notes on using XSLT and Java Versions

Here are some observations from Sameer, a Camel user, which he kindly shared with us:

> In case anybody faces issues with the XSLT endpoint please review these points.

> I was trying to use an xslt endpoint for a simple transformation from one xml to another using a simple xsl. The output xml kept appearing (after the xslt processor in the route) with outermost xml tag with no content within.

> No explanations show up in the DEBUG logs. On the TRACE logs however I did find some error/warning indicating that the XMLConverter bean could no be initialized.

> After a few hours of cranking my mind, I had to do the following to get it to work (thanks to some posts on the users forum that gave some clue):

> 1. Use the transformerFactory option in the route `("xslt:my-transformer.xsl?transformerFactory=tFactory")` with the `tFactory` bean having bean defined in the spring context for `class="org.apache.xalan.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl"`.
> 2. Added the Xalan jar into my maven pom.

> My guess is that the default xml parsing mechanism supplied within the JDK (I am using 1.6.0_03) does not work right in this context and does not throw up any error either. When I switched to Xalan this way it works. This is not a Camel issue, but might need a mention on the xslt component page.

> Another note, jdk 1.6.0_03 ships with JAXB 2.0 while Camel needs 2.1. One workaround is to add the 2.1 jar to the `jre/lib/endorsed` directory for the jvm or as specified by the container.

> Hope this post saves newbie Camel riders some time.

### See Also

- Configuring Camel
- Component
- Endpoint
- Getting Started