/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.camel.component.restlet;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;

import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
import org.apache.camel.Message;
import org.apache.camel.StringSource;
import org.apache.camel.WrappedFile;
import org.apache.camel.component.file.GenericFile;
import org.apache.camel.spi.HeaderFilterStrategy;
import org.apache.camel.spi.HeaderFilterStrategyAware;
import org.apache.camel.util.MessageHelper;
import org.restlet.Request;
import org.restlet.Response;
import org.restlet.data.CacheDirective;
import org.restlet.data.ChallengeResponse;
import org.restlet.data.ChallengeScheme;
import org.restlet.data.CharacterSet;
import org.restlet.data.Form;
import org.restlet.data.MediaType;
import org.restlet.data.Method;
import org.restlet.data.Preference;
import org.restlet.data.Status;
import org.restlet.engine.application.DecodeRepresentation;
import org.restlet.engine.header.Header;
import org.restlet.engine.header.HeaderConstants;
import org.restlet.representation.FileRepresentation;
import org.restlet.representation.InputRepresentation;
import org.restlet.representation.Representation;
import org.restlet.util.Series;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Default Restlet binding implementation
 */
public class DefaultRestletBinding implements RestletBinding, HeaderFilterStrategyAware {
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultRestletBinding.class);
    private static final String RFC_2822_DATE_PATTERN = "EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z";
    private HeaderFilterStrategy headerFilterStrategy;

    public void populateExchangeFromRestletRequest(Request request, Response response, Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
        Message inMessage = exchange.getIn();

        inMessage.setHeader(RestletConstants.RESTLET_REQUEST, request);
        inMessage.setHeader(RestletConstants.RESTLET_RESPONSE, response);

        // extract headers from restlet
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : request.getAttributes().entrySet()) {
            if (!headerFilterStrategy.applyFilterToExternalHeaders(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), exchange)) {
                String key = entry.getKey();
                Object value = entry.getValue();
                inMessage.setHeader(key, value);
                LOG.debug("Populate exchange from Restlet request header: {} value: {}", key, value);
            }
        }

        // we need to dig a bit to grab the content-type
        Series<Header> series = (Series<Header>) request.getAttributes().get(HeaderConstants.ATTRIBUTE_HEADERS);
        if (series != null) {
            String type = series.getFirstValue(Exchange.CONTENT_TYPE, true);
            if (type != null) {
                inMessage.setHeader(Exchange.CONTENT_TYPE, type);
            }
        }

        // copy query string to header
        String query = request.getResourceRef().getQuery();
        if (query != null) {
            inMessage.setHeader(Exchange.HTTP_QUERY, query);
        }

        // copy URI to header
        inMessage.setHeader(Exchange.HTTP_URI, request.getResourceRef().getIdentifier(true));

        // copy HTTP method to header
        inMessage.setHeader(Exchange.HTTP_METHOD, request.getMethod().toString());

        if (!request.isEntityAvailable()) {
            return;
        }

        // only deal with the form if the content type is "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
        if (request.getEntity().getMediaType() != null && request.getEntity().getMediaType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_WWW_FORM)) {
            Form form = new Form(request.getEntity());
            for (String paramName : form.getValuesMap().keySet()) {
                String[] values = form.getValuesArray(paramName);
                Object value = null;
                if (values != null && values.length > 0) {
                    if (values.length == 1) {
                        value = values[0];
                    } else {
                        value = values;
                    }
                }
                if (value == null) {
                    inMessage.setBody(paramName);
                    LOG.debug("Populate exchange from Restlet request body: {}", paramName);
                } else {
                    if (!headerFilterStrategy.applyFilterToExternalHeaders(paramName, value, exchange)) {
                        inMessage.setHeader(paramName, value);
                        LOG.debug("Populate exchange from Restlet request user header: {} value: {}", paramName, value);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            InputStream is = request.getEntity().getStream();
            Object body = RestletHelper.readResponseBodyFromInputStream(is, exchange);
            inMessage.setBody(body);
        }

    }

    public void populateRestletRequestFromExchange(Request request, Exchange exchange) {
        request.setReferrerRef("camel-restlet");
        String body = exchange.getIn().getBody(String.class);
        Form form = new Form();
        // add the body as the key in the form with null value
        form.add(body, null);

        MediaType mediaType = exchange.getIn().getHeader(Exchange.CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.class);
        if (mediaType == null) {
            mediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_WWW_FORM;
        }

        LOG.debug("Populate Restlet request from exchange body: {} using media type {}", body, mediaType);

        // login and password are filtered by header filter strategy
        String login = exchange.getIn().getHeader(RestletConstants.RESTLET_LOGIN, String.class);
        String password = exchange.getIn().getHeader(RestletConstants.RESTLET_PASSWORD, String.class);

        if (login != null && password != null) {
            ChallengeResponse authentication = new ChallengeResponse(ChallengeScheme.HTTP_BASIC, login, password);
            request.setChallengeResponse(authentication);
            LOG.debug("Basic HTTP Authentication has been applied");
        }

        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : exchange.getIn().getHeaders().entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            Object value = entry.getValue();
            if (!headerFilterStrategy.applyFilterToCamelHeaders(key, value, exchange)) {
                // Use forms only for GET and POST/x-www-form-urlencoded
                if (request.getMethod() == Method.GET || (request.getMethod() == Method.POST && mediaType == MediaType.APPLICATION_WWW_FORM)) {
                    if (key.startsWith("org.restlet.")) {
                        // put the org.restlet headers in attributes
                        request.getAttributes().put(key, value);
                    } else {
                        // put the user stuff in the form
                        if (value instanceof Collection) {
                            for (Object v : (Collection<?>) value) {
                                form.add(key, v.toString());
                            }
                        } else {
                            form.add(key, value.toString());
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // For non-form post put all the headers in attributes
                    request.getAttributes().put(key, value);
                }
                LOG.debug("Populate Restlet request from exchange header: {} value: {}", key, value);
            }
        }

        LOG.debug("Using Content Type: {} for POST data: {}", mediaType, body);

        // Only URL Encode for GET and form POST
        if (request.getMethod() == Method.GET || (request.getMethod() == Method.POST && mediaType == MediaType.APPLICATION_WWW_FORM)) {
            request.setEntity(form.getWebRepresentation());
        } else {
            if (body == null) {
                request.setEntity(null);
            } else {
                request.setEntity(body, mediaType);
            }
        }

        MediaType acceptedMediaType = exchange.getIn().getHeader(Exchange.ACCEPT_CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.class);
        if (acceptedMediaType != null) {
            request.getClientInfo().getAcceptedMediaTypes().add(new Preference<MediaType>(acceptedMediaType));
        }

    }

    public void populateRestletResponseFromExchange(Exchange exchange, Response response) throws Exception {
        Message out;
        if (exchange.isFailed()) {
            // 500 for internal server error which can be overridden by response code in header
            response.setStatus(Status.valueOf(500));
            Message msg = exchange.hasOut() ? exchange.getOut() : exchange.getIn();
            if (msg.isFault()) {
                out = msg;
            } else {
                // print exception as message and stacktrace
                Exception t = exchange.getException();
                StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
                PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
                t.printStackTrace(pw);
                response.setEntity(sw.toString(), MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN);
                return;
            }
        } else {
            out = exchange.hasOut() ? exchange.getOut() : exchange.getIn();
        }

        // get content type
        MediaType mediaType = out.getHeader(Exchange.CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.class);
        if (mediaType == null) {
            Object body = out.getBody();
            mediaType = MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN;
            if (body instanceof String) {
                mediaType = MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN;
            } else if (body instanceof StringSource || body instanceof DOMSource) {
                mediaType = MediaType.TEXT_XML;
            }
        }

        // get response code
        Integer responseCode = out.getHeader(Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE, Integer.class);
        if (responseCode != null) {
            response.setStatus(Status.valueOf(responseCode));
        }

        // set response body according to the message body
        Object body = out.getBody();
        if (body instanceof WrappedFile) {
            // grab body from generic file holder
            GenericFile<?> gf = (GenericFile<?>) body;
            body = gf.getBody();
        }

        if (body == null) {
            // empty response
            response.setEntity("", MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN);
        } else if (body instanceof Response) {
            // its already a restlet response, so dont do anything
            LOG.debug("Using existing Restlet Response from exchange body: {}", body);
        } else if (body instanceof Representation) {
            response.setEntity(out.getBody(Representation.class));
        } else if (body instanceof InputStream) {
            response.setEntity(new InputRepresentation(out.getBody(InputStream.class), mediaType));
        } else if (body instanceof File) {
            response.setEntity(new FileRepresentation(out.getBody(File.class), mediaType));
        } else {
            // fallback and use string
            String text = out.getBody(String.class);
            response.setEntity(text, mediaType);
        }
        LOG.debug("Populate Restlet response from exchange body: {}", body);

        if (exchange.getProperty(Exchange.CHARSET_NAME) != null) {
            CharacterSet cs = CharacterSet.valueOf(exchange.getProperty(Exchange.CHARSET_NAME, String.class));
            response.getEntity().setCharacterSet(cs);
        }

        // set headers at the end, as the entity must be set first
        // NOTE: setting HTTP headers on restlet is cumbersome and its API is "weird" and has some flaws
        // so we need to headers two times, and the 2nd time we add the non-internal headers once more
        Series<Header> series = new Series<Header>(Header.class);
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : out.getHeaders().entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            Object value = entry.getValue();
            if (!headerFilterStrategy.applyFilterToCamelHeaders(key, value, exchange)) {
                boolean added = setResponseHeader(exchange, response, key, value);
                if (!added) {
                    // we only want non internal headers
                    if (!key.startsWith("Camel") && !key.startsWith("org.restlet")) {
                        String text = exchange.getContext().getTypeConverter().tryConvertTo(String.class, exchange, value);
                        if (text != null) {
                            series.add(key, text);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // set HTTP headers so we return these in the response
        if (!series.isEmpty()) {
            response.getAttributes().put(HeaderConstants.ATTRIBUTE_HEADERS, series);
        }
    }

    public void populateExchangeFromRestletResponse(Exchange exchange, Response response) throws Exception {
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : response.getAttributes().entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            Object value = entry.getValue();
            if (!headerFilterStrategy.applyFilterToExternalHeaders(key, value, exchange)) {
                exchange.getOut().setHeader(key, value);
                LOG.debug("Populate exchange from Restlet response header: {} value: {}", key, value);
            }
        }

        // set response code
        int responseCode = response.getStatus().getCode();
        exchange.getOut().setHeader(Exchange.HTTP_RESPONSE_CODE, responseCode);

        // set restlet response as header so end user have access to it if needed
        exchange.getOut().setHeader(RestletConstants.RESTLET_RESPONSE, response);

        if (response.getEntity() != null) {
            // get content type
            MediaType mediaType = response.getEntity().getMediaType();
            if (mediaType != null) {
                LOG.debug("Setting the Content-Type to be {}",  mediaType.toString());
                exchange.getOut().setHeader(Exchange.CONTENT_TYPE, mediaType.toString());
            }
            if (mediaType != null && mediaType.equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)) {
                exchange.getOut().setBody(response.getEntity().getStream());
            } else if (response.getEntity() instanceof Representation) {
                Representation representationDecoded = new DecodeRepresentation(response.getEntity());
                exchange.getOut().setBody(representationDecoded.getText());
            } else {
                // get content text by default
                String text = response.getEntity().getText();
                LOG.debug("Populate exchange from Restlet response: {}", text);
                exchange.getOut().setBody(text);
            }
        }

        // preserve headers from in by copying any non existing headers
        // to avoid overriding existing headers with old values
        MessageHelper.copyHeaders(exchange.getIn(), exchange.getOut(), false);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected boolean setResponseHeader(Exchange exchange, org.restlet.Message message, String header, Object value) {
        // there must be a value going forward
        if (value == null) {
            return true;
        }

        // must put to attributes
        message.getAttributes().put(header, value);

        // special for certain headers
        if (message.getEntity() != null) {
            if (header.equalsIgnoreCase(HeaderConstants.HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {
                if (value instanceof List) {
                    message.setCacheDirectives((List<CacheDirective>) value);
                }
                if (value instanceof String) {
                    List<CacheDirective> list = new ArrayList<CacheDirective>();
                    // set the cache control value directive
                    list.add(new CacheDirective((String) value));
                    message.setCacheDirectives(list);
                }
                return true;
            }
            if (header.equalsIgnoreCase(HeaderConstants.HEADER_EXPIRES)) {
                if (value instanceof Calendar) {
                    message.getEntity().setExpirationDate(((Calendar) value).getTime());
                } else if (value instanceof Date) {
                    message.getEntity().setExpirationDate((Date) value);
                } else if (value instanceof String) {
                    SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(RFC_2822_DATE_PATTERN, Locale.ENGLISH);
                    try {
                        Date date = format.parse((String) value);
                        message.getEntity().setExpirationDate(date);
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        LOG.debug("Header {} with value {} cannot be converted as a Date. The value will be ignored.", HeaderConstants.HEADER_EXPIRES, value);
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }

            if (header.equalsIgnoreCase(HeaderConstants.HEADER_LAST_MODIFIED)) {
                if (value instanceof Calendar) {
                    message.getEntity().setModificationDate(((Calendar) value).getTime());
                } else if (value instanceof Date) {
                    message.getEntity().setModificationDate((Date) value);
                } else if (value instanceof String) {
                    SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(RFC_2822_DATE_PATTERN, Locale.ENGLISH);
                    try {
                        Date date = format.parse((String) value);
                        message.getEntity().setModificationDate(date);
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        LOG.debug("Header {} with value {} cannot be converted as a Date. The value will be ignored.", HeaderConstants.HEADER_LAST_MODIFIED, value);
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }

            if (header.equalsIgnoreCase(HeaderConstants.HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH)) {
                if (value instanceof Long) {
                    message.getEntity().setSize((Long) value);
                } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
                    message.getEntity().setSize((Integer) value);
                } else {
                    Long num = exchange.getContext().getTypeConverter().tryConvertTo(Long.class, value);
                    if (num != null) {
                        message.getEntity().setSize(num);
                    } else {
                        LOG.debug("Header {} with value {} cannot be converted as a Long. The value will be ignored.", HeaderConstants.HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH, value);
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }

            if (header.equalsIgnoreCase(HeaderConstants.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE)) {
                if (value instanceof MediaType) {
                    message.getEntity().setMediaType((MediaType) value);
                } else {
                    String type = value.toString();
                    MediaType media = MediaType.valueOf(type);
                    if (media != null) {
                        message.getEntity().setMediaType(media);
                    } else {
                        LOG.debug("Header {} with value {} cannot be converted as a MediaType. The value will be ignored.", HeaderConstants.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, value);
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    public HeaderFilterStrategy getHeaderFilterStrategy() {
        return headerFilterStrategy;
    }

    public void setHeaderFilterStrategy(HeaderFilterStrategy strategy) {
        headerFilterStrategy = strategy;
    }
}
