/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.kahadb.page;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.zip.Adler32;
import java.util.zip.Checksum;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.DataByteArrayOutputStream;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.IOExceptionSupport;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.IOHelper;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.IntrospectionSupport;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.LRUCache;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.Sequence;
import org.apache.kahadb.util.SequenceSet;

/**
 * A PageFile provides you random access to fixed sized disk pages. This object is not thread safe and therefore access to it should 
 * be externally synchronized.
 * 
 * The file has 3 parts:
 * Metadata Space: 4k : Reserved metadata area. Used to store persistent config about the file.
 * Recovery Buffer Space: Page Size * 1000 : This is a redo log used to prevent partial page writes from making the file inconsistent
 * Page Space: The pages in the page file.
 * 
 * 
 */
public class PageFile {
    
    private static final String PAGEFILE_SUFFIX = ".data";
    private static final String RECOVERY_FILE_SUFFIX = ".redo";
    private static final String FREE_FILE_SUFFIX = ".free";
    
    // 4k Default page size.
    public static final int DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("defaultPageSize", ""+1024*4)); 
    public static final int DEFAULT_WRITE_BATCH_SIZE = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("defaultWriteBatchSize", ""+1000));
    public static final int DEFAULT_PAGE_CACHE_SIZE = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("defaultPageCacheSize", ""+100));;
    private static final int RECOVERY_FILE_HEADER_SIZE=1024*4;
    private static final int PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE=1024*4;

    // Recovery header is (long offset)
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PageFile.class);

    // A PageFile will use a couple of files in this directory
    private File directory;
    // And the file names in that directory will be based on this name.
    private final String name;
    
    // File handle used for reading pages..
    private RandomAccessFile readFile;
    // File handle used for writing pages..
    private RandomAccessFile writeFile;
    // File handle used for writing pages..
    private RandomAccessFile recoveryFile;

    // The size of pages
    private int pageSize = DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
    
    // The minimum number of space allocated to the recovery file in number of pages.
    private int recoveryFileMinPageCount = 1000;
    // The max size that we let the recovery file grow to.. ma exceed the max, but the file will get resize 
    // to this max size as soon as  possible.
    private int recoveryFileMaxPageCount = 10000;
    // The number of pages in the current recovery buffer
    private int recoveryPageCount;

    private AtomicBoolean loaded = new AtomicBoolean();
    // The number of pages we are aiming to write every time we 
    // write to disk.
    int writeBatchSize = DEFAULT_WRITE_BATCH_SIZE;

    // We keep a cache of pages recently used?
    private Map<Long, Page> pageCache;
    // The cache of recently used pages.
    private boolean enablePageCaching=true;
    // How many pages will we keep in the cache?
    private int pageCacheSize = DEFAULT_PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;

    // Should first log the page write to the recovery buffer? Avoids partial
    // page write failures..
    private boolean enableRecoveryFile=true;
    // Will we sync writes to disk. Ensures that data will not be lost after a checkpoint()
    private boolean enableDiskSyncs=true;
    // Will writes be done in an async thread?
    private boolean enabledWriteThread=false;

    // These are used if enableAsyncWrites==true 
    private AtomicBoolean stopWriter = new AtomicBoolean();
    private Thread writerThread;
    private CountDownLatch checkpointLatch;

    // Keeps track of writes that are being written to disk.
    private TreeMap<Long, PageWrite> writes=new TreeMap<Long, PageWrite>();

    // Keeps track of free pages.
    private final AtomicLong nextFreePageId = new AtomicLong();
    private SequenceSet freeList = new SequenceSet();
    
    private AtomicLong nextTxid = new AtomicLong();
    
    // Persistent settings stored in the page file. 
    private MetaData metaData;

    /**
     * Use to keep track of updated pages which have not yet been committed.
     */
    static class PageWrite {
        Page page;
        byte[] current;
        byte[] diskBound;
        int currentLocation = -1;
        int diskBoundLocation = -1;
        File tmpFile;
        int length;

        public PageWrite(Page page, byte[] data) {
            this.page=page;
            current=data;
        }

        public PageWrite(Page page, int currentLocation, int length, File tmpFile) {
            this.page = page;
            this.currentLocation = currentLocation;
            this.tmpFile = tmpFile;
            this.length = length;
        }
                
        public void setCurrent(Page page, byte[] data) {
            this.page=page;
            current=data;
            currentLocation = -1;
            diskBoundLocation = -1;
        }

        public void setCurrentLocation(Page page, int location, int length) {
            this.page = page;
            this.currentLocation = location;
            this.length = length;
            this.current = null;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "[PageWrite:"+page.getPageId()+"]";
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public Page getPage() {
            return page;
        }

        public byte[] getDiskBound() throws IOException {
            if (diskBound == null && diskBoundLocation != -1) {
                diskBound = new byte[length];
                RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(tmpFile, "r");
                file.seek(diskBoundLocation);
                int readNum = file.read(diskBound);
                file.close();
                diskBoundLocation = -1;
            }
            return diskBound;
        }
        
        void begin() {
           if (currentLocation != -1) {
              diskBoundLocation = currentLocation;
              currentLocation = -1;
              current = null;
           }  else {
              diskBound = current;
              current = null;
              currentLocation = -1;
           }
        }
        
        /**
         * @return true if there is no pending writes to do.
         */
        boolean done() {
            diskBoundLocation = -1;
            diskBound=null;
            return current == null || currentLocation == -1;
        }
        
        boolean isDone() {
            return diskBound == null && diskBoundLocation == -1 && current == null && currentLocation == -1;
        }

    }
    
    /**
     * The MetaData object hold the persistent data associated with a PageFile object. 
     */
    public static class MetaData {
        
        String fileType;
        String fileTypeVersion;
        
        long metaDataTxId=-1;
        int pageSize;
        boolean cleanShutdown;
        long lastTxId;
        long freePages;
        
        public String getFileType() {
            return fileType;
        }
        public void setFileType(String fileType) {
            this.fileType = fileType;
        }
        public String getFileTypeVersion() {
            return fileTypeVersion;
        }
        public void setFileTypeVersion(String version) {
            this.fileTypeVersion = version;
        }
        public long getMetaDataTxId() {
            return metaDataTxId;
        }
        public void setMetaDataTxId(long metaDataTxId) {
            this.metaDataTxId = metaDataTxId;
        }
        public int getPageSize() {
            return pageSize;
        }
        public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
            this.pageSize = pageSize;
        }
        public boolean isCleanShutdown() {
            return cleanShutdown;
        }
        public void setCleanShutdown(boolean cleanShutdown) {
            this.cleanShutdown = cleanShutdown;
        }
        public long getLastTxId() {
            return lastTxId;
        }
        public void setLastTxId(long lastTxId) {
            this.lastTxId = lastTxId;
        }
        public long getFreePages() {
            return freePages;
        }
        public void setFreePages(long value) {
            this.freePages = value;
        }
    }

    public Transaction tx() {
        assertLoaded();
        return new Transaction(this);
    }
    
    /**
     * Creates a PageFile in the specified directory who's data files are named by name.
     * 
     * @param directory
     * @param name
     */
    public PageFile(File directory, String name) {
        this.directory = directory;
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    /**
     * Deletes the files used by the PageFile object.  This method can only be used when this object is not loaded.
     * 
     * @throws IOException 
     *         if the files cannot be deleted.
     * @throws IllegalStateException 
     *         if this PageFile is loaded
     */
    public void delete() throws IOException {
        if( loaded.get() ) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot delete page file data when the page file is loaded");
        }
        delete(getMainPageFile());
        delete(getFreeFile());
        delete(getRecoveryFile());
    }

    /**
     * @param file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private void delete(File file) throws IOException {
        if( file.exists() ) {
            if( !file.delete() ) {
                throw new IOException("Could not delete: "+file.getPath());
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Loads the page file so that it can be accessed for read/write purposes.  This allocates OS resources.  If this is the 
     * first time the page file is loaded, then this creates the page file in the file system.
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     *         If the page file cannot be loaded. This could be cause the existing page file is corrupt is a bad version or if 
     *         there was a disk error.
     * @throws IllegalStateException 
     *         If the page file was already loaded.
     */
    public void load() throws IOException, IllegalStateException {
        if (loaded.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
            
            if( enablePageCaching ) {
                pageCache = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LRUCache<Long, Page>(pageCacheSize, pageCacheSize, 0.75f, true));
            }
            
            File file = getMainPageFile();
            IOHelper.mkdirs(file.getParentFile());
            writeFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
            readFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
            
            if (readFile.length() > 0) {
                // Load the page size setting cause that can't change once the file is created.
                loadMetaData();
                pageSize = metaData.getPageSize();
            } else {
                // Store the page size setting cause that can't change once the file is created.
                metaData = new MetaData();
                metaData.setFileType(PageFile.class.getName());
                metaData.setFileTypeVersion("1");
                metaData.setPageSize(getPageSize());
                metaData.setCleanShutdown(true);
                metaData.setFreePages(-1);
                metaData.setLastTxId(0);
                storeMetaData();
            }

            if( enableRecoveryFile ) {
                recoveryFile = new RandomAccessFile(getRecoveryFile(), "rw");
            }
            
            if(  metaData.isCleanShutdown() ) {
                nextTxid.set(metaData.getLastTxId()+1);
                if( metaData.getFreePages()>0 ) {
                    loadFreeList();
                } 
            } else {
                LOG.debug(toString() + ", Recovering page file...");
                nextTxid.set(redoRecoveryUpdates());
                
                // Scan all to find the free pages.
                freeList = new SequenceSet();
                for (Iterator i = tx().iterator(true); i.hasNext();) {
                    Page page = (Page)i.next();
                    if( page.getType() == Page.PAGE_FREE_TYPE ) {
                        freeList.add(page.getPageId());
                    }
                }
                
            }
            
            metaData.setCleanShutdown(false);
            storeMetaData();
            getFreeFile().delete();
            
            if( writeFile.length() < PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE) {
                writeFile.setLength(PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE);
            }
            nextFreePageId.set((writeFile.length()-PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE)/pageSize);
            startWriter();
                
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot load the page file when it is allready loaded.");
        }
    }


    /**
     * Unloads a previously loaded PageFile.  This deallocates OS related resources like file handles.
     * once unloaded, you can no longer use the page file to read or write Pages.
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     *         if there was a disk error occurred while closing the down the page file.
     * @throws IllegalStateException
     *         if the PageFile is not loaded
     */
    public void unload() throws IOException {
        if (loaded.compareAndSet(true, false)) {
            flush();
            try {
                stopWriter();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new InterruptedIOException();
            }
            
            if( freeList.isEmpty() ) {
                metaData.setFreePages(0);
            } else {
                storeFreeList();
                metaData.setFreePages(freeList.size());
            }
            
            metaData.setLastTxId( nextTxid.get()-1 );
            metaData.setCleanShutdown(true);
            storeMetaData();
            
            if (readFile != null) {
                readFile.close();
                readFile = null;
                writeFile.close();
                writeFile=null;
                if( enableRecoveryFile ) {
                    recoveryFile.close();
                    recoveryFile=null;
                }
                freeList.clear();
                if( pageCache!=null ) {
                    pageCache=null;
                }
                synchronized(writes) {
                    writes.clear();
                }
            }
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot unload the page file when it is not loaded");
        }
    }
        
    public boolean isLoaded() {
        return loaded.get();
    }

    /**
     * Flush and sync all write buffers to disk.
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     *         If an disk error occurred.
     */
    public void flush() throws IOException {

        if( enabledWriteThread && stopWriter.get() ) {
            throw new IOException("Page file already stopped: checkpointing is not allowed");
        }
        
        // Setup a latch that gets notified when all buffered writes hits the disk.
        CountDownLatch checkpointLatch;
        synchronized( writes ) {
            if( writes.isEmpty()) {                
                return;
            }
            if( enabledWriteThread ) {
                if( this.checkpointLatch == null ) {
                    this.checkpointLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
                }
                checkpointLatch = this.checkpointLatch;
                writes.notify();
            } else {
                writeBatch();
                return;
            }
        }
        try {
            checkpointLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new InterruptedIOException();
        }
    }

    
    public String toString() {
        return "Page File: "+getMainPageFile();
    }
    
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Private Implementation Methods
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    private File getMainPageFile() {
        return new File(directory, IOHelper.toFileSystemSafeName(name)+PAGEFILE_SUFFIX);
    }
    
    public File getFreeFile() {
        return new File(directory, IOHelper.toFileSystemSafeName(name)+FREE_FILE_SUFFIX);
    } 

    public File getRecoveryFile() {
        return new File(directory, IOHelper.toFileSystemSafeName(name)+RECOVERY_FILE_SUFFIX);
    } 

    public long toOffset(long pageId) {
        return PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE+(pageId*pageSize);
    }

    private void loadMetaData() throws IOException {

        ByteArrayInputStream is;
        MetaData v1 = new MetaData();
        MetaData v2 = new MetaData();
        try {
            Properties p = new Properties();
            byte[] d = new byte[PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2];
            readFile.seek(0);
            readFile.readFully(d);
            is = new ByteArrayInputStream(d);
            p.load(is);
            IntrospectionSupport.setProperties(v1, p);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            v1 = null;
        }
        
        try {
            Properties p = new Properties();
            byte[] d = new byte[PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2];
            readFile.seek(PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2);
            readFile.readFully(d);
            is = new ByteArrayInputStream(d);
            p.load(is);
            IntrospectionSupport.setProperties(v2, p);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            v2 = null;
        }
        
        if( v1==null && v2==null ) {
            throw new IOException("Could not load page file meta data");
        } 
        
        if( v1 == null || v1.metaDataTxId<0 ) {
            metaData = v2;
        } else if( v2==null || v1.metaDataTxId<0 ) {
            metaData = v1;
        } else if( v1.metaDataTxId==v2.metaDataTxId ) {
            metaData = v1; // use the first since the 2nd could be a partial..
        } else {
            metaData = v2; // use the second cause the first is probably a partial.
        }
    }
    
    private void storeMetaData() throws IOException {
        // Convert the metadata into a property format
        metaData.metaDataTxId++;
        Properties p = new Properties();
        IntrospectionSupport.getProperties(metaData, p, null);
        
        ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE);
        p.store(os, "");
        if( os.size() > PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2) { 
            throw new IOException("Configuation is to larger than: "+PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2);
        }
        // Fill the rest with space...
        byte[] filler = new byte[(PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2)-os.size()];
        Arrays.fill(filler, (byte)' ');
        os.write(filler);
        os.flush();
        
        byte[] d = os.toByteArray();

        // So we don't loose it.. write it 2 times...
        writeFile.seek(0);
        writeFile.write(d);
        writeFile.getFD().sync();
        writeFile.seek(PAGE_FILE_HEADER_SIZE/2);
        writeFile.write(d);
        writeFile.getFD().sync();
    }

    private void storeFreeList() throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(getFreeFile());
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(os);
        SequenceSet.Marshaller.INSTANCE.writePayload(freeList, dos);
        dos.close();
    }

    private void loadFreeList() throws IOException {
        freeList.clear();
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(getFreeFile());
        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is);
        freeList = SequenceSet.Marshaller.INSTANCE.readPayload(dis);
        dis.close();
    }
    
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Property Accessors 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
    /**
     * Is the recovery buffer used to double buffer page writes.  Enabled by default.
     * 
     * @return is the recovery buffer enabled.
     */
    public boolean isEnableRecoveryFile() {
        return enableRecoveryFile;
    }

    /**
     * Sets if the recovery buffer uses to double buffer page writes.  Enabled by default.  Disabling this
     * may potentially cause partial page writes which can lead to page file corruption.
     */
    public void setEnableRecoveryFile(boolean doubleBuffer) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.enableRecoveryFile = doubleBuffer;
    }

    /**
     * @return Are page writes synced to disk?
     */
    public boolean isEnableDiskSyncs() {
        return enableDiskSyncs;
    }

    /**
     * Allows you enable syncing writes to disk.
     * @param syncWrites
     */
    public void setEnableDiskSyncs(boolean syncWrites) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.enableDiskSyncs = syncWrites;
    }
    
    /**
     * @return the page size
     */
    public int getPageSize() {
        return this.pageSize;
    }

    /**
     * @return the amount of content data that a page can hold.
     */
    public int getPageContentSize() {
        return this.pageSize-Page.PAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Configures the page size used by the page file.  By default it is 4k.  Once a page file is created on disk,
     * subsequent loads of that file will use the original pageSize.  Once the PageFile is loaded, this setting
     * can no longer be changed.
     * 
     * @param pageSize the pageSize to set
     * @throws IllegalStateException
     *         once the page file is loaded.
     */
    public void setPageSize(int pageSize) throws IllegalStateException {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.pageSize = pageSize;
    }
    
    /**
     * @return true if read page caching is enabled
     */
    public boolean isEnablePageCaching() {
        return this.enablePageCaching;
    }

    /**
     * @param enablePageCaching allows you to enable read page caching
     */
    public void setEnablePageCaching(boolean enablePageCaching) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.enablePageCaching = enablePageCaching;
    }

    /**
     * @return the maximum number of pages that will get stored in the read page cache.
     */
    public int getPageCacheSize() {
        return this.pageCacheSize;
    }

    /**
     * @param pageCacheSize Sets the maximum number of pages that will get stored in the read page cache.
     */
    public void setPageCacheSize(int pageCacheSize) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.pageCacheSize = pageCacheSize;
    }

    public boolean isEnabledWriteThread() {
        return enabledWriteThread;
    }

    public void setEnableWriteThread(boolean enableAsyncWrites) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.enabledWriteThread = enableAsyncWrites;
    }

    public long getDiskSize() throws IOException {
        return toOffset(nextFreePageId.get());
    }
    
    /**
     * @return the number of pages allocated in the PageFile
     */
    public long getPageCount() {
        return nextFreePageId.get();
    }

    public int getRecoveryFileMinPageCount() {
        return recoveryFileMinPageCount;
    }

    public long getFreePageCount() {
        assertLoaded();
        return freeList.rangeSize();
    }

    public void setRecoveryFileMinPageCount(int recoveryFileMinPageCount) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.recoveryFileMinPageCount = recoveryFileMinPageCount;
    }

    public int getRecoveryFileMaxPageCount() {
        return recoveryFileMaxPageCount;
    }

    public void setRecoveryFileMaxPageCount(int recoveryFileMaxPageCount) {
        assertNotLoaded();
        this.recoveryFileMaxPageCount = recoveryFileMaxPageCount;
    }

	public int getWriteBatchSize() {
		return writeBatchSize;
	}

	public void setWriteBatchSize(int writeBatchSize) {
        assertNotLoaded();
		this.writeBatchSize = writeBatchSize;
	}

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Package Protected Methods exposed to Transaction
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the page file is not loaded.
     */
    void assertLoaded() throws IllegalStateException {
        if( !loaded.get() ) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("PageFile is not loaded");
        }
    }
    void assertNotLoaded() throws IllegalStateException {
        if( loaded.get() ) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("PageFile is loaded");
        }
    }
        
    /** 
     * Allocates a block of free pages that you can write data to.
     * 
     * @param count the number of sequential pages to allocate
     * @return the first page of the sequential set. 
     * @throws IOException
     *         If an disk error occurred.
     * @throws IllegalStateException
     *         if the PageFile is not loaded
     */
    <T> Page<T> allocate(int count) throws IOException {
        assertLoaded();
        if (count <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The allocation count must be larger than zero");
        }

        Sequence seq = freeList.removeFirstSequence(count);

        // We may need to create new free pages...
        if (seq == null) {

            Page<T> first = null;
            int c = count;
            while (c > 0) {
                Page<T> page = new Page<T>(nextFreePageId.getAndIncrement());
                page.makeFree(getNextWriteTransactionId());

                if (first == null) {
                    first = page;
                }

                addToCache(page);
                DataByteArrayOutputStream out = new DataByteArrayOutputStream(pageSize);
                page.write(out);
                write(page, out.getData());

                // LOG.debug("allocate writing: "+page.getPageId());
                c--;
            }

            return first;
        }

        Page<T> page = new Page<T>(seq.getFirst());
        page.makeFree(0);
        // LOG.debug("allocated: "+page.getPageId());
        return page;
    }

    long getNextWriteTransactionId() {
        return nextTxid.incrementAndGet();
    }

    void readPage(long pageId, byte[] data) throws IOException {
        readFile.seek(toOffset(pageId));
        readFile.readFully(data);
    }

    public void freePage(long pageId) {
        freeList.add(pageId);
        if( enablePageCaching ) {
            pageCache.remove(pageId);
        }
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private <T> void write(Page<T> page, byte[] data) throws IOException {
        final PageWrite write = new PageWrite(page, data);
        Entry<Long, PageWrite> entry = new Entry<Long, PageWrite>(){
            public Long getKey() {
                return write.getPage().getPageId();
            }
            public PageWrite getValue() {
                return write;
            }
            public PageWrite setValue(PageWrite value) {
                return null;
            }
        };
        Entry<Long, PageWrite>[] entries = new Map.Entry[]{entry};
        write(Arrays.asList(entries));
    }

    void write(Collection<Map.Entry<Long, PageWrite>> updates) throws IOException {
        synchronized( writes ) {
            if( enabledWriteThread  ) {
                while( writes.size() >= writeBatchSize && !stopWriter.get() ) {
                    try {
                        writes.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                        throw new InterruptedIOException();
                    }
                }
            }

            boolean longTx = false;

            for (Map.Entry<Long, PageWrite> entry : updates) {
                Long key = entry.getKey();
                PageWrite value = entry.getValue();
                PageWrite write = writes.get(key);
                if( write==null ) {
                    writes.put(key, value);
                } else {
                    if (value.currentLocation != -1) {
                        write.setCurrentLocation(value.page, value.currentLocation, value.length);
                        write.tmpFile = value.tmpFile;
                        longTx = true;
                    } else {
                        write.setCurrent(value.page, value.current);
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // Once we start approaching capacity, notify the writer to start writing
            // sync immediately for long txs
            if( longTx || canStartWriteBatch() ) {

                if( enabledWriteThread  ) {
                    writes.notify();
                } else {
                    writeBatch();
                }
            }
        }            
    }
    
    private boolean canStartWriteBatch() {
		int capacityUsed = ((writes.size() * 100)/writeBatchSize);
        if( enabledWriteThread ) {
            // The constant 10 here controls how soon write batches start going to disk..
            // would be nice to figure out how to auto tune that value.  Make to small and
            // we reduce through put because we are locking the write mutex too often doing writes
            return capacityUsed >= 10 || checkpointLatch!=null;
        } else {
            return capacityUsed >= 80 || checkpointLatch!=null;
        }
    }

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Cache Related operations
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    <T> Page<T> getFromCache(long pageId) {
        synchronized(writes) {
            PageWrite pageWrite = writes.get(pageId);
            if( pageWrite != null ) {
                return pageWrite.page;
            }
        }

        Page<T> result = null;
        if (enablePageCaching) {
            result = pageCache.get(pageId);
        }
        return result;
    }

    void addToCache(Page page) {
        if (enablePageCaching) {
            pageCache.put(page.getPageId(), page);
        }
    }

    void removeFromCache(Page page) {
        if (enablePageCaching) {
            pageCache.remove(page.getPageId());
        }
    }

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Internal Double write implementation follows...
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /**
     * 
     */
    private void pollWrites() {
        try {
            while( !stopWriter.get() ) {
                // Wait for a notification...
                synchronized( writes ) {  
                    writes.notifyAll();
                    
                    // If there is not enough to write, wait for a notification...
                    while( writes.isEmpty() && checkpointLatch==null && !stopWriter.get() ) {
                        writes.wait(100);
                    }
                    
                    if( writes.isEmpty() ) {
                        releaseCheckpointWaiter();
                    }
                }
                writeBatch();
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            releaseCheckpointWaiter();
        }
    }

     private void writeBatch() throws IOException {

         CountDownLatch checkpointLatch;
         ArrayList<PageWrite> batch;
         synchronized( writes ) {
            // If there is not enough to write, wait for a notification...

            batch = new ArrayList<PageWrite>(writes.size());
            // build a write batch from the current write cache.
            for (PageWrite write : writes.values()) {
                batch.add(write);
                // Move the current write to the diskBound write, this lets folks update the
                // page again without blocking for this write.
                write.begin();
                if (write.diskBound == null && write.diskBoundLocation == -1) {
                    batch.remove(write);
                }
            }

            // Grab on to the existing checkpoint latch cause once we do this write we can
            // release the folks that were waiting for those writes to hit disk.
            checkpointLatch = this.checkpointLatch;
            this.checkpointLatch=null;
         }

         Checksum checksum = new Adler32();
         recoveryFile.seek(RECOVERY_FILE_HEADER_SIZE);
         for (PageWrite w : batch) {
             if (enableRecoveryFile) {
                 try {
                     checksum.update(w.getDiskBound(), 0, pageSize);
                 } catch (Throwable t) {
                     throw IOExceptionSupport.create("Cannot create recovery file. Reason: " + t, t);
                 }
                 recoveryFile.writeLong(w.page.getPageId());
                 recoveryFile.write(w.getDiskBound(), 0, pageSize);
             }

             writeFile.seek(toOffset(w.page.getPageId()));
             writeFile.write(w.getDiskBound(), 0, pageSize);
             w.done();
         }

         try {
             if (enableRecoveryFile) {
                 // Can we shrink the recovery buffer??
                 if (recoveryPageCount > recoveryFileMaxPageCount) {
                     int t = Math.max(recoveryFileMinPageCount, batch.size());
                     recoveryFile.setLength(recoveryFileSizeForPages(t));
                 }

                 // Record the page writes in the recovery buffer.
                 recoveryFile.seek(0);
                 // Store the next tx id...
                 recoveryFile.writeLong(nextTxid.get());
                 // Store the checksum for thw write batch so that on recovery we
                 // know if we have a consistent
                 // write batch on disk.
                 recoveryFile.writeLong(checksum.getValue());
                 // Write the # of pages that will follow
                 recoveryFile.writeInt(batch.size());
             }

             if (enableDiskSyncs) {
                 // Sync to make sure recovery buffer writes land on disk..
                 recoveryFile.getFD().sync();
                 writeFile.getFD().sync();
             }
         } finally {
             synchronized (writes) {
                 for (PageWrite w : batch) {
                     // If there are no more pending writes, then remove it from
                     // the write cache.
                     if (w.isDone()) {
                         writes.remove(w.page.getPageId());
                     }
                 }
             }

             if (checkpointLatch != null) {
                 checkpointLatch.countDown();
             }
         }
     }

    private long recoveryFileSizeForPages(int pageCount) {
        return RECOVERY_FILE_HEADER_SIZE+((pageSize+8)*pageCount);
    }

    private void releaseCheckpointWaiter() {
        if( checkpointLatch!=null ) {
            checkpointLatch.countDown();
            checkpointLatch=null;
        }
    }       
    
    /**
     * Inspects the recovery buffer and re-applies any 
     * partially applied page writes.
     * 
     * @return the next transaction id that can be used.
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private long redoRecoveryUpdates() throws IOException {
        if( !enableRecoveryFile ) {
            return 0;
        }
        recoveryPageCount=0;
        
        // Are we initializing the recovery file?
        if( recoveryFile.length() == 0 ) {
            // Write an empty header..
            recoveryFile.write(new byte[RECOVERY_FILE_HEADER_SIZE]);
            // Preallocate the minium size for better performance.
            recoveryFile.setLength(recoveryFileSizeForPages(recoveryFileMinPageCount));
            return 0;
        }
        
        // How many recovery pages do we have in the recovery buffer?
        recoveryFile.seek(0);
        long nextTxId = recoveryFile.readLong();
        long expectedChecksum = recoveryFile.readLong();
        int pageCounter = recoveryFile.readInt();
        
        recoveryFile.seek(RECOVERY_FILE_HEADER_SIZE);
        Checksum checksum = new Adler32();
        LinkedHashMap<Long, byte[]> batch = new LinkedHashMap<Long, byte[]>();
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < pageCounter; i++) {
                long offset = recoveryFile.readLong();
                byte []data = new byte[pageSize];
                if( recoveryFile.read(data, 0, pageSize) != pageSize ) {
                    // Invalid recovery record, Could not fully read the data". Probably due to a partial write to the recovery buffer
                    return nextTxId;
                }
                checksum.update(data, 0, pageSize);
                batch.put(offset, data);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // If an error occurred it was cause the redo buffer was not full written out correctly.. so don't redo it. 
            // as the pages should still be consistent.
            LOG.debug("Redo buffer was not fully intact: ", e);
            return nextTxId;
        }
        
        recoveryPageCount = pageCounter;
        
        // If the checksum is not valid then the recovery buffer was partially written to disk.
        if( checksum.getValue() != expectedChecksum ) {
            return nextTxId;
        }
        
        // Re-apply all the writes in the recovery buffer.
        for (Map.Entry<Long, byte[]> e : batch.entrySet()) {
            writeFile.seek(toOffset(e.getKey()));
            writeFile.write(e.getValue());
        }
        
        // And sync it to disk
        writeFile.getFD().sync();
        return nextTxId;
    }

    private void startWriter() {
        synchronized( writes ) {
            if( enabledWriteThread ) {
                stopWriter.set(false);
                writerThread = new Thread("KahaDB Page Writer") {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        pollWrites();
                    }
                };
                writerThread.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
                writerThread.setDaemon(true);
                writerThread.start();
            }
        }
    }
 
    private void stopWriter() throws InterruptedException {
        if( enabledWriteThread ) {
            stopWriter.set(true);
            writerThread.join();
        }
    }

	public File getFile() {
		return getMainPageFile();
	}

    public File getDirectory() {
        return directory;
    }
}
