/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty;

import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQBuffer;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQInterruptedException;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.TransportConfiguration;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.buffers.impl.ChannelBufferWrapper;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.client.ActiveMQClientLogger;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.security.ActiveMQPrincipal;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.protocol.RemotingConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.remoting.BaseConnectionLifeCycleListener;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.remoting.Connection;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.remoting.ReadyListener;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.utils.Env;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.utils.IPV6Util;
import org.jboss.logging.Logger;

public class NettyConnection implements Connection {

   private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyConnection.class);

   private static final int DEFAULT_BATCH_BYTES = Integer.getInteger("io.netty.batch.bytes", 8192);
   private static final int DEFAULT_WAIT_MILLIS = 10_000;

   protected final Channel channel;
   private final BaseConnectionLifeCycleListener<?> listener;
   private final boolean directDeliver;
   private final Map<String, Object> configuration;
   /**
    * if {@link #isWritable(ReadyListener)} returns false, we add a callback
    * here for when the connection (or Netty Channel) becomes available again.
    */
   private final List<ReadyListener> readyListeners = new ArrayList<>();
   private final ThreadLocal<ArrayList<ReadyListener>> localListenersPool = ThreadLocal.withInitial(ArrayList::new);

   private final boolean batchingEnabled;
   private final int writeBufferHighWaterMark;
   private final int batchLimit;

   /**
    * This counter is splitted in 2 variables to write it with less performance
    * impact: no volatile get is required to update its value
    */
   private final AtomicLong pendingWritesOnEventLoopView = new AtomicLong();
   private long pendingWritesOnEventLoop = 0;

   private boolean closed;
   private RemotingConnection protocolConnection;

   private boolean ready = true;

   public NettyConnection(final Map<String, Object> configuration,
                          final Channel channel,
                          final BaseConnectionLifeCycleListener<?> listener,
                          boolean batchingEnabled,
                          boolean directDeliver) {
      this.configuration = configuration;

      this.channel = channel;

      this.listener = listener;

      this.directDeliver = directDeliver;

      this.batchingEnabled = batchingEnabled;

      this.writeBufferHighWaterMark = this.channel.config().getWriteBufferHighWaterMark();

      this.batchLimit = batchingEnabled ? Math.min(this.writeBufferHighWaterMark, DEFAULT_BATCH_BYTES) : 0;
   }

   private static void waitFor(ChannelPromise promise, long millis) {
      try {
         final boolean completed = promise.await(millis);
         if (!completed) {
            ActiveMQClientLogger.LOGGER.timeoutFlushingPacket();
         }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         throw new ActiveMQInterruptedException(e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns an estimation of the current size of the write buffer in the channel.
    * To obtain a more precise value is necessary to use the unsafe API of the channel to
    * call the {@link io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundBuffer#totalPendingWriteBytes()}.
    * Anyway, both these values are subject to concurrent modifications.
    */
   private static int batchBufferSize(Channel channel, int writeBufferHighWaterMark) {
      //Channel::bytesBeforeUnwritable is performing a volatile load
      //this is the reason why writeBufferHighWaterMark is passed as an argument
      final int bytesBeforeUnwritable = (int) channel.bytesBeforeUnwritable();
      assert bytesBeforeUnwritable >= 0;
      final int writtenBytes = writeBufferHighWaterMark - bytesBeforeUnwritable;
      assert writtenBytes >= 0;
      return writtenBytes;
   }

   public final int pendingWritesOnChannel() {
      return batchBufferSize(this.channel, this.writeBufferHighWaterMark);
   }

   public final long pendingWritesOnEventLoop() {
      final EventLoop eventLoop = channel.eventLoop();
      final boolean inEventLoop = eventLoop.inEventLoop();
      final long pendingWritesOnEventLoop;
      if (inEventLoop) {
         pendingWritesOnEventLoop = this.pendingWritesOnEventLoop;
      } else {
         pendingWritesOnEventLoop = pendingWritesOnEventLoopView.get();
      }
      return pendingWritesOnEventLoop;
   }

   public final Channel getNettyChannel() {
      return channel;
   }

   @Override
   public final void setAutoRead(boolean autoRead) {
      channel.config().setAutoRead(autoRead);
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean isWritable(ReadyListener callback) {
      synchronized (readyListeners) {
         if (!ready) {
            readyListeners.add(callback);
         }

         return ready;
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final void fireReady(final boolean ready) {
      final ArrayList<ReadyListener> readyToCall = localListenersPool.get();
      synchronized (readyListeners) {
         this.ready = ready;

         if (ready) {
            final int size = this.readyListeners.size();
            readyToCall.ensureCapacity(size);
            try {
               for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                  final ReadyListener readyListener = readyListeners.get(i);
                  if (readyListener == null) {
                     break;
                  }
                  readyToCall.add(readyListener);
               }
            } finally {
               readyListeners.clear();
            }
         }
      }
      try {
         final int size = readyToCall.size();
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            try {
               final ReadyListener readyListener = readyToCall.get(i);
               readyListener.readyForWriting();
            } catch (Throwable logOnly) {
               ActiveMQClientLogger.LOGGER.failedToSetChannelReadyForWriting(logOnly);
            }
         }
      } finally {
         readyToCall.clear();
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final void forceClose() {
      if (channel != null) {
         try {
            channel.close();
         } catch (Throwable e) {
            ActiveMQClientLogger.LOGGER.failedForceClose(e);
         }
      }
   }

   /**
    * This is exposed so users would have the option to look at any data through interceptors
    *
    * @return
    */
   public final Channel getChannel() {
      return channel;
   }

   @Override
   public final RemotingConnection getProtocolConnection() {
      return protocolConnection;
   }

   @Override
   public final void setProtocolConnection(RemotingConnection protocolConnection) {
      this.protocolConnection = protocolConnection;
   }

   @Override
   public final void close() {
      if (closed) {
         return;
      }
      EventLoop eventLoop = channel.eventLoop();
      boolean inEventLoop = eventLoop.inEventLoop();
      //if we are in an event loop we need to close the channel after the writes have finished
      if (!inEventLoop) {
         closeChannel(channel, false);
      } else {
         eventLoop.execute(() -> {
            closeChannel(channel, true);
         });
      }

      closed = true;

      listener.connectionDestroyed(getID());
   }

   @Override
   public ActiveMQBuffer createTransportBuffer(final int size) {
      try {
         return new ChannelBufferWrapper(channel.alloc().directBuffer(size), true);
      } catch (OutOfMemoryError oom) {
         final long totalPendingWriteBytes = batchBufferSize(this.channel, this.writeBufferHighWaterMark);
         // I'm not using the ActiveMQLogger framework here, as I wanted the class name to be very specific here
         logger.warn("Trying to allocate " + size + " bytes, System is throwing OutOfMemoryError on NettyConnection " + this + ", there are currently " + "pendingWrites: [NETTY] -> " + totalPendingWriteBytes + "[EVENT LOOP] -> " + pendingWritesOnEventLoopView.get() + " causes: " + oom.getMessage(), oom);
         throw oom;
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final Object getID() {
      return channel.id();
   }

   // This is called periodically to flush the batch buffer
   @Override
   public final void checkFlushBatchBuffer() {
      if (this.batchingEnabled) {
         //perform the flush only if necessary
         final int batchBufferSize = batchBufferSize(this.channel, this.writeBufferHighWaterMark);
         if (batchBufferSize > 0) {
            this.channel.flush();
         }
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final void write(final ActiveMQBuffer buffer) {
      write(buffer, false, false);
   }

   @Override
   public final void write(ActiveMQBuffer buffer, final boolean flush, final boolean batched) {
      write(buffer, flush, batched, null);
   }

   private void checkConnectionState() {
      if (this.closed || !this.channel.isActive()) {
         throw new IllegalStateException("Connection " + getID() + " closed or disconnected");
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean blockUntilWritable(final int requiredCapacity, final long timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
      checkConnectionState();
      final boolean isAllowedToBlock = isAllowedToBlock();
      if (!isAllowedToBlock) {

         if (Env.isTestEnv()) {
            // this will only show when inside the testsuite.
            // we may great the log for FAILURE
            logger.warn("FAILURE! The code is using blockUntilWritable inside a Netty worker, which would block. " +
                           "The code will probably need fixing!", new Exception("trace"));
         }

         if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Calling blockUntilWritable using a thread where it's not allowed");
         }
         return canWrite(requiredCapacity);
      } else {
         final long timeoutNanos = timeUnit.toNanos(timeout);
         final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + timeoutNanos;
         //choose wait time unit size
         final long parkNanos;
         //if is requested to wait more than a millisecond than we could use
         if (timeoutNanos >= 1_000_000L) {
            parkNanos = 100_000L;
         } else {
            //reduce it doesn't make sense, only a spin loop could be enough precise with the most OS
            parkNanos = 1000L;
         }
         boolean canWrite;
         while (!(canWrite = canWrite(requiredCapacity)) && (System.nanoTime() - deadline) < 0) {
            //periodically check the connection state
            checkConnectionState();
            LockSupport.parkNanos(parkNanos);
         }
         return canWrite;
      }
   }

   private boolean isAllowedToBlock() {
      final EventLoop eventLoop = channel.eventLoop();
      final boolean inEventLoop = eventLoop.inEventLoop();
      return !inEventLoop;
   }

   private boolean canWrite(final int requiredCapacity) {
      //evaluate if the write request could be taken:
      //there is enough space in the write buffer?
      //The pending writes on event loop will eventually go into the Netty write buffer, hence consider them
      //as part of the heuristic!
      final long pendingWritesOnEventLoop = this.pendingWritesOnEventLoop();
      final long totalPendingWrites = pendingWritesOnEventLoop + this.pendingWritesOnChannel();
      final boolean canWrite;
      if (requiredCapacity > this.writeBufferHighWaterMark) {
         canWrite = totalPendingWrites == 0;
      } else {
         canWrite = (totalPendingWrites + requiredCapacity) <= this.writeBufferHighWaterMark;
      }
      return canWrite;
   }

   @Override
   public final void write(ActiveMQBuffer buffer,
                           final boolean flush,
                           final boolean batched,
                           final ChannelFutureListener futureListener) {
      final int readableBytes = buffer.readableBytes();
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
         final int remainingBytes = this.writeBufferHighWaterMark - readableBytes;
         if (remainingBytes < 0) {
            logger.debug("a write request is exceeding by " + (-remainingBytes) + " bytes the writeBufferHighWaterMark size [ " + this.writeBufferHighWaterMark + " ] : consider to set it at least of " + readableBytes + " bytes");
         }
      }
      //no need to lock because the Netty's channel is thread-safe
      //and the order of write is ensured by the order of the write calls
      final EventLoop eventLoop = channel.eventLoop();
      final boolean inEventLoop = eventLoop.inEventLoop();
      if (!inEventLoop) {
         writeNotInEventLoop(buffer, flush, batched, futureListener);
      } else {
         // OLD COMMENT:
         // create a task which will be picked up by the eventloop and trigger the write.
         // This is mainly needed as this method is triggered by different threads for the same channel.
         // if we not do this we may produce out of order writes.
         // NOTE:
         // the submitted task does not effect in any way the current written size in the batch
         // until the loop will process it, leading to a longer life for the ActiveMQBuffer buffer!!!
         // To solve it, will be necessary to manually perform the count of the current batch instead of rely on the
         // Channel:Config::writeBufferHighWaterMark value.
         this.pendingWritesOnEventLoop += readableBytes;
         this.pendingWritesOnEventLoopView.lazySet(pendingWritesOnEventLoop);
         eventLoop.execute(() -> {
            this.pendingWritesOnEventLoop -= readableBytes;
            this.pendingWritesOnEventLoopView.lazySet(pendingWritesOnEventLoop);
            writeInEventLoop(buffer, flush, batched, futureListener);
         });
      }
   }

   private void writeNotInEventLoop(ActiveMQBuffer buffer,
                                    final boolean flush,
                                    final boolean batched,
                                    final ChannelFutureListener futureListener) {
      final Channel channel = this.channel;
      final ChannelPromise promise;
      if (flush || (futureListener != null)) {
         promise = channel.newPromise();
      } else {
         promise = channel.voidPromise();
      }
      final ChannelFuture future;
      final ByteBuf bytes = buffer.byteBuf();
      final int readableBytes = bytes.readableBytes();
      assert readableBytes >= 0;
      final int writeBatchSize = this.batchLimit;
      final boolean batchingEnabled = this.batchingEnabled;
      if (batchingEnabled && batched && !flush && readableBytes < writeBatchSize) {
         future = writeBatch(bytes, readableBytes, promise);
      } else {
         future = channel.writeAndFlush(bytes, promise);
      }
      if (futureListener != null) {
         future.addListener(futureListener);
      }
      if (flush) {
         //NOTE: this code path seems used only on RemotingConnection::disconnect
         waitFor(promise, DEFAULT_WAIT_MILLIS);
      }
   }

   private void writeInEventLoop(ActiveMQBuffer buffer,
                                 final boolean flush,
                                 final boolean batched,
                                 final ChannelFutureListener futureListener) {
      //no need to lock because the Netty's channel is thread-safe
      //and the order of write is ensured by the order of the write calls
      final ChannelPromise promise;
      if (futureListener != null) {
         promise = channel.newPromise();
      } else {
         promise = channel.voidPromise();
      }
      final ChannelFuture future;
      final ByteBuf bytes = buffer.byteBuf();
      final int readableBytes = bytes.readableBytes();
      final int writeBatchSize = this.batchLimit;
      if (this.batchingEnabled && batched && !flush && readableBytes < writeBatchSize) {
         future = writeBatch(bytes, readableBytes, promise);
      } else {
         future = channel.writeAndFlush(bytes, promise);
      }
      if (futureListener != null) {
         future.addListener(futureListener);
      }
   }

   private ChannelFuture writeBatch(final ByteBuf bytes, final int readableBytes, final ChannelPromise promise) {
      final int batchBufferSize = batchBufferSize(channel, this.writeBufferHighWaterMark);
      final int nextBatchSize = batchBufferSize + readableBytes;
      if (nextBatchSize > batchLimit) {
         //request to flush before writing, to create the chance to make the channel writable again
         channel.flush();
         //let netty use its write batching ability
         return channel.write(bytes, promise);
      } else if (nextBatchSize == batchLimit) {
         return channel.writeAndFlush(bytes, promise);
      } else {
         //let netty use its write batching ability
         return channel.write(bytes, promise);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final String getRemoteAddress() {
      SocketAddress address = channel.remoteAddress();
      if (address == null) {
         return null;
      }
      return address.toString();
   }

   @Override
   public final String getLocalAddress() {
      SocketAddress address = channel.localAddress();
      if (address == null) {
         return null;
      }
      return "tcp://" + IPV6Util.encloseHost(address.toString());
   }

   public final boolean isDirectDeliver() {
      return directDeliver;
   }

   //never allow this
   @Override
   public final ActiveMQPrincipal getDefaultActiveMQPrincipal() {
      return null;
   }

   @Override
   public final TransportConfiguration getConnectorConfig() {
      if (configuration != null) {
         return new TransportConfiguration(NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName(), this.configuration);
      } else {
         return null;
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean isUsingProtocolHandling() {
      return true;
   }

   @Override
   public boolean isSameTarget(TransportConfiguration... configs) {
      boolean result = false;
      for (TransportConfiguration cfg : configs) {
         if (cfg == null) {
            continue;
         }
         if (NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName().equals(cfg.getFactoryClassName())) {
            if (configuration.get(TransportConstants.PORT_PROP_NAME).equals(cfg.getParams().get(TransportConstants.PORT_PROP_NAME))) {
               //port same, check host
               Object hostParam = configuration.get(TransportConstants.HOST_PROP_NAME);
               if (hostParam != null) {
                  if (hostParam.equals(cfg.getParams().get(TransportConstants.HOST_PROP_NAME))) {
                     result = true;
                     break;
                  } else {
                     //check special 'localhost' case
                     if (isLocalhost((String) configuration.get(TransportConstants.HOST_PROP_NAME)) && isLocalhost((String) cfg.getParams().get(TransportConstants.HOST_PROP_NAME))) {
                        result = true;
                        break;
                     }
                  }
               } else if (cfg.getParams().get(TransportConstants.HOST_PROP_NAME) == null) {
                  result = true;
                  break;
               }
            }
         }
      }
      return result;
   }

   //here we consider 'localhost' is equivalent to '127.0.0.1'
   //other values of 127.0.0.x is not and the user makes sure
   //not to mix use of 'localhost' and '127.0.0.x'
   private boolean isLocalhost(String hostname) {
      return "127.0.0.1".equals(hostname) || "localhost".equals(hostname);
   }

   @Override
   public final String toString() {
      return super.toString() + "[ID=" + getID() + ", local= " + channel.localAddress() + ", remote=" + channel.remoteAddress() + "]";
   }

   private void closeChannel(final Channel channel, boolean inEventLoop) {
      checkFlushBatchBuffer();
      // closing the channel results in closing any sslHandler first; SslHandler#close() was deprecated by netty
      ChannelFuture closeFuture = channel.close();
      if (!inEventLoop && !closeFuture.awaitUninterruptibly(DEFAULT_WAIT_MILLIS)) {
         ActiveMQClientLogger.LOGGER.timeoutClosingNettyChannel();
      }
   }

}
