/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.camel.util;

import java.beans.PropertyEditor;
import java.beans.PropertyEditorManager;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
import org.apache.camel.NoTypeConversionAvailableException;
import org.apache.camel.TypeConverter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Helper for introspections of beans.
 * <p/>
 * <b>Important: </b> Its recommended to call the {@link #stop()} method when
 * {@link org.apache.camel.CamelContext} is being stopped. This allows to clear the introspection cache.
 * <p/>
 * This implementation will skip methods from <tt>java.lang.Object</tt> and <tt>java.lang.reflect.Proxy</tt>.
 * <p/>
 * This implementation will use a cache when the {@link #getProperties(Object, java.util.Map, String)}
 * method is being used. Also the {@link #cacheClass(Class)} method gives access to the introspect cache.
 */
public final class IntrospectionSupport {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IntrospectionSupport.class);
    private static final Pattern GETTER_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(get|is)[A-Z].*");
    private static final Pattern SETTER_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("set[A-Z].*");
    private static final List<Method> EXCLUDED_METHODS = new ArrayList<Method>();
    // use a cache to speedup introspecting for known classes during startup
    // use a weak cache as we dont want the cache to keep around as it reference classes
    // which could prevent classloader to unload classes if being referenced from this cache
    private static final LRUCache<Class<?>, ClassInfo> CACHE = new LRUWeakCache<Class<?>, ClassInfo>(1000);
    private static final Object LOCK = new Object();

    static {
        // exclude all java.lang.Object methods as we dont want to invoke them
        EXCLUDED_METHODS.addAll(Arrays.asList(Object.class.getMethods()));
        // exclude all java.lang.reflect.Proxy methods as we dont want to invoke them
        EXCLUDED_METHODS.addAll(Arrays.asList(Proxy.class.getMethods()));
    }

    private static final Set<Class<?>> PRIMITIVE_CLASSES = new HashSet<Class<?>>();

    static {
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(String.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Character.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Boolean.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Byte.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Short.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Integer.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Long.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Float.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(Double.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(char.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(boolean.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(byte.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(short.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(int.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(long.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(float.class);
        PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.add(double.class);
    }

    /**
     * Structure of an introspected class.
     */
    public static final class ClassInfo {
        public Class<?> clazz;
        public MethodInfo[] methods;
    }

    /**
     * Structure of an introspected method.
     */
    public static final class MethodInfo {
        public Method method;
        public Boolean isGetter;
        public Boolean isSetter;
        public String getterOrSetterShorthandName;
        public Boolean hasGetterAndSetter;
    }

    /**
     * Utility classes should not have a public constructor.
     */
    private IntrospectionSupport() {
    }

    /**
     * {@link org.apache.camel.CamelContext} should call this stop method when its stopping.
     * <p/>
     * This implementation will clear its introspection cache.
     */
    public static void stop() {
        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
            LOG.debug("Clearing cache[size={}, hits={}, misses={}, evicted={}]", new Object[]{CACHE.size(), CACHE.getHits(), CACHE.getMisses(), CACHE.getEvicted()});
        }
        CACHE.clear();

        // flush java beans introspector as it may be in use by the PropertyEditor
        java.beans.Introspector.flushCaches();
    }

    public static boolean isGetter(Method method) {
        String name = method.getName();
        Class<?> type = method.getReturnType();
        Class<?> params[] = method.getParameterTypes();

        if (!GETTER_PATTERN.matcher(name).matches()) {
            return false;
        }

        // special for isXXX boolean
        if (name.startsWith("is")) {
            return params.length == 0 && type.getSimpleName().equalsIgnoreCase("boolean");
        }

        return params.length == 0 && !type.equals(Void.TYPE);
    }

    public static String getGetterShorthandName(Method method) {
        if (!isGetter(method)) {
            return method.getName();
        }

        String name = method.getName();
        if (name.startsWith("get")) {
            name = name.substring(3);
            name = name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH) + name.substring(1);
        } else if (name.startsWith("is")) {
            name = name.substring(2);
            name = name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH) + name.substring(1);
        }

        return name;
    }

    public static String getSetterShorthandName(Method method) {
        if (!isSetter(method)) {
            return method.getName();
        }

        String name = method.getName();
        if (name.startsWith("set")) {
            name = name.substring(3);
            name = name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH) + name.substring(1);
        }

        return name;
    }

    public static boolean isSetter(Method method, boolean allowBuilderPattern) {
        String name = method.getName();
        Class<?> type = method.getReturnType();
        Class<?> params[] = method.getParameterTypes();

        if (!SETTER_PATTERN.matcher(name).matches()) {
            return false;
        }

        return params.length == 1 && (type.equals(Void.TYPE) || (allowBuilderPattern && method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(type)));
    }
    
    public static boolean isSetter(Method method) {
        return isSetter(method, false);
    }


    /**
     * Will inspect the target for properties.
     * <p/>
     * Notice a property must have both a getter/setter method to be included.
     * Notice all <tt>null</tt> values will be included.
     *
     * @param target         the target bean
     * @param properties     the map to fill in found properties
     * @param optionPrefix   an optional prefix to append the property key
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if any properties was found, <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
     */
    public static boolean getProperties(Object target, Map<String, Object> properties, String optionPrefix) {
        return getProperties(target, properties, optionPrefix, true);
    }

    /**
     * Will inspect the target for properties.
     * <p/>
     * Notice a property must have both a getter/setter method to be included.
     *
     * @param target         the target bean
     * @param properties     the map to fill in found properties
     * @param optionPrefix   an optional prefix to append the property key
     * @param includeNull    whether to include <tt>null</tt> values
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if any properties was found, <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
     */
    public static boolean getProperties(Object target, Map<String, Object> properties, String optionPrefix, boolean includeNull) {
        ObjectHelper.notNull(target, "target");
        ObjectHelper.notNull(properties, "properties");
        boolean rc = false;
        if (optionPrefix == null) {
            optionPrefix = "";
        }

        ClassInfo cache = cacheClass(target.getClass());

        for (MethodInfo info : cache.methods) {
            Method method = info.method;
            // we can only get properties if we have both a getter and a setter
            if (info.isGetter && info.hasGetterAndSetter) {
                String name = info.getterOrSetterShorthandName;
                try {
                    // we may want to set options on classes that has package view visibility, so override the accessible
                    method.setAccessible(true);
                    Object value = method.invoke(target);
                    if (value != null || includeNull) {
                        properties.put(optionPrefix + name, value);
                        rc = true;
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
                        LOG.trace("Error invoking getter method " + method + ". This exception is ignored.", e);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return rc;
    }

    /**
     * Introspects the given class.
     *
     * @param clazz the class
     * @return the introspection result as a {@link ClassInfo} structure.
     */
    public static ClassInfo cacheClass(Class<?> clazz) {
        ClassInfo cache = CACHE.get(clazz);
        if (cache == null) {
            cache = doIntrospectClass(clazz);
            CACHE.put(clazz, cache);
        }
        return cache;
    }

    private static ClassInfo doIntrospectClass(Class<?> clazz) {
        ClassInfo answer = new ClassInfo();
        answer.clazz = clazz;

        // loop each method on the class and gather details about the method
        // especially about getter/setters
        List<MethodInfo> found = new ArrayList<MethodInfo>();
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
        for (Method method : methods) {
            if (EXCLUDED_METHODS.contains(method)) {
                continue;
            }

            MethodInfo cache = new MethodInfo();
            cache.method = method;
            if (isGetter(method)) {
                cache.isGetter = true;
                cache.isSetter = false;
                cache.getterOrSetterShorthandName = getGetterShorthandName(method);
            } else if (isSetter(method)) {
                cache.isGetter = false;
                cache.isSetter = true;
                cache.getterOrSetterShorthandName = getSetterShorthandName(method);
            } else {
                cache.isGetter = false;
                cache.isSetter = false;
                cache.hasGetterAndSetter = false;
            }
            found.add(cache);
        }

        // for all getter/setter, find out if there is a corresponding getter/setter,
        // so we have a read/write bean property.
        for (MethodInfo info : found) {
            info.hasGetterAndSetter = false;
            if (info.isGetter) {
                // loop and find the matching setter
                for (MethodInfo info2 : found) {
                    if (info2.isSetter && info.getterOrSetterShorthandName.equals(info2.getterOrSetterShorthandName)) {
                        info.hasGetterAndSetter = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else if (info.isSetter) {
                // loop and find the matching getter
                for (MethodInfo info2 : found) {
                    if (info2.isGetter && info.getterOrSetterShorthandName.equals(info2.getterOrSetterShorthandName)) {
                        info.hasGetterAndSetter = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        answer.methods = found.toArray(new MethodInfo[found.size()]);
        return answer;
    }

    public static boolean hasProperties(Map<String, Object> properties, String optionPrefix) {
        ObjectHelper.notNull(properties, "properties");

        if (ObjectHelper.isNotEmpty(optionPrefix)) {
            for (Object o : properties.keySet()) {
                String name = (String) o;
                if (name.startsWith(optionPrefix)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            // no parameters with this prefix
            return false;
        } else {
            return !properties.isEmpty();
        }
    }

    public static Object getProperty(Object target, String property) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        ObjectHelper.notNull(target, "target");
        ObjectHelper.notNull(property, "property");

        property = property.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH) + property.substring(1);

        Class<?> clazz = target.getClass();
        Method method = getPropertyGetter(clazz, property);
        return method.invoke(target);
    }

    public static Object getOrElseProperty(Object target, String property, Object defaultValue) {
        try {
            return getProperty(target, property);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    public static Method getPropertyGetter(Class<?> type, String propertyName) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        if (isPropertyIsGetter(type, propertyName)) {
            return type.getMethod("is" + ObjectHelper.capitalize(propertyName));
        } else {
            return type.getMethod("get" + ObjectHelper.capitalize(propertyName));
        }
    }

    public static Method getPropertySetter(Class<?> type, String propertyName) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        String name = "set" + ObjectHelper.capitalize(propertyName);
        for (Method method : type.getMethods()) {
            if (isSetter(method) && method.getName().equals(name)) {
                return method;
            }
        }
        throw new NoSuchMethodException(type.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
    }

    public static boolean isPropertyIsGetter(Class<?> type, String propertyName) {
        try {
            Method method = type.getMethod("is" + ObjectHelper.capitalize(propertyName));
            if (method != null) {
                return method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(boolean.class) || method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(Boolean.class);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            // ignore
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public static boolean setProperties(Object target, Map<String, Object> properties, String optionPrefix, boolean allowBuilderPattern) throws Exception {
        ObjectHelper.notNull(target, "target");
        ObjectHelper.notNull(properties, "properties");
        boolean rc = false;

        for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> it = properties.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
            Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = it.next();
            String name = entry.getKey().toString();
            if (name.startsWith(optionPrefix)) {
                Object value = properties.get(name);
                name = name.substring(optionPrefix.length());
                if (setProperty(target, name, value, allowBuilderPattern)) {
                    it.remove();
                    rc = true;
                }
            }
        }
        
        return rc;
    }

    public static boolean setProperties(Object target, Map<String, Object> properties, String optionPrefix) throws Exception {
        ObjectHelper.notEmpty(optionPrefix, "optionPrefix");
        return setProperties(target, properties, optionPrefix, false);
    }

    public static Map<String, Object> extractProperties(Map<String, Object> properties, String optionPrefix) {
        ObjectHelper.notNull(properties, "properties");

        Map<String, Object> rc = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(properties.size());

        for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> it = properties.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
            Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = it.next();
            String name = entry.getKey();
            if (name.startsWith(optionPrefix)) {
                Object value = properties.get(name);
                name = name.substring(optionPrefix.length());
                rc.put(name, value);
                it.remove();
            }
        }

        return rc;
    }

    public static boolean setProperties(TypeConverter typeConverter, Object target, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
        ObjectHelper.notNull(target, "target");
        ObjectHelper.notNull(properties, "properties");
        boolean rc = false;

        for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> iter = properties.entrySet().iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
            Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = iter.next();
            if (setProperty(typeConverter, target, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())) {
                iter.remove();
                rc = true;
            }
        }

        return rc;
    }

    public static boolean setProperties(Object target, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
        return setProperties(null, target, properties);
    }

    /**
     * This method supports two modes to set a property:
     *
     * 1. Setting a property that has already been resolved, this is the case when {@code context} and {@code refName} are
     * NULL and {@code value} is non-NULL.
     *
     * 2. Setting a property that has not yet been resolved, the property will be resolved based on the suitable methods
     * found matching the property name on the {@code target} bean. For this mode to be triggered the parameters
     * {@code context} and {@code refName} must NOT be NULL, and {@code value} MUST be NULL.
     *
     */
    public static boolean setProperty(CamelContext context, TypeConverter typeConverter, Object target, String name, Object value, String refName, boolean allowBuilderPattern) throws Exception {
        Class<?> clazz = target.getClass();
        Collection<Method> setters;

        // we need to lookup the value from the registry
        if (context != null && refName != null && value == null) {
            setters = findSetterMethodsOrderedByParameterType(clazz, name, allowBuilderPattern);
        } else {
            // find candidates of setter methods as there can be overloaded setters
            setters = findSetterMethods(clazz, name, value, allowBuilderPattern);
        }
        if (setters.isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }

        // loop and execute the best setter method
        Exception typeConversionFailed = null;
        for (Method setter : setters) {
            Class<?> parameterType = setter.getParameterTypes()[0];
            Object ref = value;
            // try and lookup the reference based on the method
            if (context != null && refName != null && ref == null) {
                ref = CamelContextHelper.lookup(context, refName.replaceAll("#", ""));
                if (ref == null) {
                    // try the next method if nothing was found
                    continue;
                } else if (!parameterType.isAssignableFrom(ref.getClass())) {
                    // setter method has not the correct type
                    continue;
                }
            }

            try {
                try {
                    // If the type is null or it matches the needed type, just use the value directly
                    if (value == null || parameterType.isAssignableFrom(ref.getClass())) {
                        // we may want to set options on classes that has package view visibility, so override the accessible
                        setter.setAccessible(true);
                        setter.invoke(target, ref);
                        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            LOG.debug("Configured property: {} on bean: {} with value: {}", new Object[]{name, target, ref});
                        }
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        // We need to convert it
                        Object convertedValue = convert(typeConverter, parameterType, ref);
                        // we may want to set options on classes that has package view visibility, so override the accessible
                        setter.setAccessible(true);
                        setter.invoke(target, convertedValue);
                        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            LOG.debug("Configured property: {} on bean: {} with value: {}", new Object[]{name, target, ref});
                        }
                        return true;
                    }
                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                    // lets unwrap the exception
                    Throwable throwable = e.getCause();
                    if (throwable instanceof Exception) {
                        Exception exception = (Exception)throwable;
                        throw exception;
                    } else {
                        Error error = (Error)throwable;
                        throw error;
                    }
                }
            // ignore exceptions as there could be another setter method where we could type convert successfully
            } catch (SecurityException e) {
                typeConversionFailed = e;
            } catch (NoTypeConversionAvailableException e) {
                typeConversionFailed = e;
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                typeConversionFailed = e;
            }
            if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
                LOG.trace("Setter \"{}\" with parameter type \"{}\" could not be used for type conversions of {}",
                        new Object[]{setter, parameterType, ref});
            }
        }

        if (typeConversionFailed != null) {
            // we did not find a setter method to use, and if we did try to use a type converter then throw
            // this kind of exception as the caused by will hint this error
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find a suitable setter for property: " + name
                    + " as there isn't a setter method with same type: " + (value != null ? value.getClass().getCanonicalName() : "[null]")
                    + " nor type conversion possible: " + typeConversionFailed.getMessage());
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public static boolean setProperty(TypeConverter typeConverter, Object target, String name, Object value) throws Exception {
        // allow build pattern as a setter as well
        return setProperty(null, typeConverter, target, name, value, null, true);
    }
    
    public static boolean setProperty(Object target, String name, Object value, boolean allowBuilderPattern) throws Exception {
        return setProperty(null, null, target, name, value, null, allowBuilderPattern);
    }

    public static boolean setProperty(Object target, String name, Object value) throws Exception {
        // allow build pattern as a setter as well
        return setProperty(target, name, value, true);
    }

    private static Object convert(TypeConverter typeConverter, Class<?> type, Object value)
        throws URISyntaxException, NoTypeConversionAvailableException {
        if (typeConverter != null) {
            return typeConverter.mandatoryConvertTo(type, value);
        }
        if (type == URI.class) {
            return new URI(value.toString());
        }
        PropertyEditor editor = PropertyEditorManager.findEditor(type);
        if (editor != null) {
            // property editor is not thread safe, so we need to lock
            Object answer;
            synchronized (LOCK) {
                editor.setAsText(value.toString());
                answer = editor.getValue();
            }
            return answer;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static Set<Method> findSetterMethods(Class<?> clazz, String name, boolean allowBuilderPattern) {
        Set<Method> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<Method>();

        // Build the method name.
        name = "set" + ObjectHelper.capitalize(name);
        while (clazz != Object.class) {
            // Since Object.class.isInstance all the objects,
            // here we just make sure it will be add to the bottom of the set.
            Method objectSetMethod = null;
            Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
            for (Method method : methods) {
                if (method.getName().equals(name) && isSetter(method, allowBuilderPattern)) {
                    Class<?> params[] = method.getParameterTypes();
                    if (params[0].equals(Object.class)) {
                        objectSetMethod = method;
                    } else {
                        candidates.add(method);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (objectSetMethod != null) {
                candidates.add(objectSetMethod);
            }
            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
        }
        return candidates;
    }

    private static Set<Method> findSetterMethods(Class<?> clazz, String name, Object value, boolean allowBuilderPattern) {
        Set<Method> candidates = findSetterMethods(clazz, name, allowBuilderPattern);

        if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
            return candidates;
        } else if (candidates.size() == 1) {
            // only one
            return candidates;
        } else {
            // find the best match if possible
            LOG.trace("Found {} suitable setter methods for setting {}", candidates.size(), name);
            // prefer to use the one with the same instance if any exists
            for (Method method : candidates) {                               
                if (method.getParameterTypes()[0].isInstance(value)) {
                    LOG.trace("Method {} is the best candidate as it has parameter with same instance type", method);
                    // retain only this method in the answer
                    candidates.clear();
                    candidates.add(method);
                    return candidates;
                }
            }
            // fallback to return what we have found as candidates so far
            return candidates;
        }
    }

    protected static List<Method> findSetterMethodsOrderedByParameterType(Class<?> target, String propertyName, boolean allowBuilderPattern) {
        List<Method> answer = new LinkedList<Method>();
        List<Method> primitives = new LinkedList<Method>();
        Set<Method> setters = findSetterMethods(target, propertyName, allowBuilderPattern);
        for (Method setter : setters) {
            Class<?> parameterType = setter.getParameterTypes()[0];
            if (PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.contains(parameterType)) {
                primitives.add(setter);
            } else {
                answer.add(setter);
            }
        }
        // primitives get added last
        answer.addAll(primitives);
        return answer;
    }

}
